Summary of Technical Evaluations Prepared for: CAWS Advisory Committee Chicago, IL November 2015 Prepared by: In Association with: Summary of Technical Evaluations | Table of Contents CAWS Advisory Committee TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES __________________________________ 1 2.0 ANS CONTROL MEASURES _______________________________________ 4 2.1 Dispersal and ANS of Concern __________________________________________________ 4 2.2 Control Measure Risk Reduction Screening _______________________________________ 6 2.3 Control Measure Secondary Screening __________________________________________ 11 2.4 Control Measure Combinations _________________________________________________ 16 2.5 Enhanced Combination Analysis by Species _____________________________________ 22 2.6 Comparison of Long Term Scenarios ____________________________________________ 26 2.7 Summary ___________________________________________________________________ 32 2.8 Next Steps __________________________________________________________________ 35 2.9 References __________________________________________________________________ 37 3.0 COMMERCIAL CARGO NAVIGATION _______________________________ 39 3.1 Background of CAWS Commercial Cargo Navigation ______________________________ 39 3.1.1 Waterway Infrastructure and Identified Capital Needs _______________________________ 41 3.1.2 Maritime Transportation Operation Considerations _________________________________ 46 3.1.3 Transportation Usage, Commodities and Industries _________________________________ 49 3.2 Trends Analysis _____________________________________________________________ 59 3.3 Mode Shift Potential __________________________________________________________ 61 3.4 Current and Forecasted CAWS Demand _________________________________________ 63 3.4.1 Overall Commodity Forecasts, by Commodity _____________________________________ 65 3.4.2 Long Term (2040) CAWS Demand ______________________________________________ 75 3.5 Scenario Evaluation __________________________________________________________ 76 3.5.1 Description of Scenarios ______________________________________________________ 76 3.5.2 Assumptions and Evaluation Criteria ____________________________________________ 78 3.5.3 Comparison of Scenarios _____________________________________________________ 82 3.6 Summary ___________________________________________________________________ 82 3.7 References __________________________________________________________________ 86 4.0 FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT AND WATER QUALITY CONVEYANCE _____ 88 4.1 Background and Existing Conditions ____________________________________________ 89 4.2 Potential Long Term Strategy __________________________________________________ 90 i Summary of Technical Evaluations | Table of Contents CAWS Advisory Committee 4.2.1 System Components _______________________________________________________ 90 4.2.2 Assumptions _____________________________________________________________ 92 4.2.3 Implications and Comparison of Potential AIS Control Points _______________________ 93 4.3 Summary ___________________________________________________________________ 97 4.4 References __________________________________________________________________ 99 5.0 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________ 100 5.1 Background ________________________________________________________________ 101 5.2 Water Quality Standards _____________________________________________________ 101 5.3 Antidegradation _____________________________________________________________ 103 5.4 Total Maximum Daily Loads ___________________________________________________ 104 5.5 NPDES Permitting Implications ________________________________________________ 105 5.5.1 Wastewater Treatment Plants _______________________________________________ 106 5.5.2 Stormwater and MS4 Permittees ____________________________________________ 109 5.5.3 Combined Sewer Overflows ________________________________________________ 110 5.6 Summary __________________________________________________________________ 111 5.7 References _________________________________________________________________ 112 6.0 CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT _____________________________________ 113 6.1 Chicago River System Upstream of Stickney ____________________________________ 113 6.1.1 North Shore Channel _______________________________________________________ 113 6.1.2 Upper North Branch of the Chicago River above Albany Avenue _____________________ 114 6.1.3 North Branch of the Chicago River (NBCR) below Albany Avenue ____________________ 114 6.1.4 Chicago River Main Channel _________________________________________________ 114 6.1.5 South Branch of the Chicago River, Bubbly Creek, and nearby slips___________________ 115 6.2 Calumet River System Upstream of Alsip _______________________________________ 116 6.2.1 Cal-Sag Channel / Little Calumet River / Thorn Creek / Grand Cal River _______________ 116 6.2.2 Calumet River, O’Brien Locks to Lake Michigan___________________________________ 117 6.3 Summary __________________________________________________________________ 118 6.4 References _________________________________________________________________ 119 7.0 SUMMARY ____________________________________________________ 120 ii Summary of Technical Evaluations | Table of Contents CAWS Advisory Committee TABLE OF TABLES Table 1: ANS of Concern Identified in the GLRMIS Document _________________________________ 5 Table 2: Control Measure Risk Reduction Screening ________________________________________ 10 Table 3: Control Measures Secondary Screening __________________________________________ 15 Table 4: Potential Control Measure Combinations for the CAWS ______________________________ 21 Table 5: Control Measure Combinations by Species ________________________________________ 23 Table 6: Relating Passing Probability with Risk Reduction ___________________________________ 25 Table 7: Relating Passing Probability with Risk Reduction by Species __________________________ 25 Table 8: Potential Long Term Scenarios by Species ________________________________________ 28 Table 9: Relating Passing Probability to Risk Reduction by Potential Long Term Scenario __________ 31 Table 10: Risk Reduction by Species for Potential Long Term Scenarios ________________________ 32 Table 11: CAWS Lock Usage (2013) ____________________________________________________ 43 Table 12: Inland Waterway System Primary Industries and Commodities ________________________ 50 Table 13: Facilities Lakeside of Proposed Scenarios ________________________________________ 54 Table 14: Factors that Affect Freight Modal Choice _________________________________________ 61 Table 15: Commodities in Each Commodity Group _________________________________________ 69 Table 16: Summary of 2020 Forecast Assumptions _________________________________________ 70 Table 17: Forecast Summary of Industry Specific Actions and Trends by Commodity Group (GLMRIS) 71 Table 18: 2020 GLMRIS Future Without Project Forecasts, by Commodity ______________________ 71 1 Table 19: Current Volumes by Commodity and Segment (2011-12 average, ktons) _______________ 73 Table 20: 2020 “Low Forecast” Volumes by Commodity and Segment (ktons) ____________________ 74 Table 21: 2020 “High Forecast” Volumes by Commodity and Segment (ktons) ___________________ 74 Table 22: 2040 Forecast Volumes by Commodity (ktons) ____________________________________ 75 Table 23: 2040 Forecast Volumes by Segment (ktons) ______________________________________ 76 Table 24: Cost Impact Assumptions _____________________________________________________ 80 Table 25: Current and Forecast Volumes Impacted by Separation (ktons) _______________________ 82 Table 26: Comparison of Scenarios _____________________________________________________ 85 Table 27: Potential Ranges of Future Regulatory Requirements ______________________________ 109 iii Summary of Technical Evaluations | Table of Contents CAWS Advisory Committee TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Conceptual Elements of Potential Long Term Solution ________________________________ 2 Figure 2: GLMRIS Risk Assessment _____________________________________________________ 7 Figure 3: Probability of Establishment Elements ____________________________________________ 8 Figure 4: Example Dispersal Points ______________________________________________________ 8 Figure 5: Physical Barrier Separation Concept _____________________________________________ 16 Figure 6: ANS Lock System Concept ____________________________________________________ 19 Figure 7: Control Point Locations for Conceptual Long Term Scenarios _________________________ 26 Figure 8: Pathway Proximity of Control Points _____________________________________________ 29 Figure 9: Cumulative Effect of Control Points – Mississippi to Great Lakes _______________________ 30 Figure 10: Cumulative Effect of Control Points – Great Lakes to Mississippi ______________________ 31 Figure 11: CAWS Segments ___________________________________________________________ 40 Figure 12: Historical Lake Michigan Elevations ____________________________________________ 48 Figure 13: Frequency of Lake Michigan Elevations Exceeding CAWS Water Level ________________ 48 Figure 14: Freight Transportation “Service Spectrum” _______________________________________ 50 Figure 15: Chicago Region as Defined in FHWA Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) _______________ 51 Figure 16: Greater Chicago Region Marine Flows by Commodity, Tons (2011) ___________________ 52 Figure 17: Greater Chicago Region