DOCUMFNT RFSUMP ED 021 415 EF 001 695 By- Richardson Richard C., Jr. THE INTERIM CAMPUS. STARTING NEW COMMUNITY JUNIOR COLLEGES. American Association of Junior Colleges, Washington D.C. Note- 41p. Available from- American Association of Junior Colleges, 1315 Sixteenth St.:N.W., Washington D. C. 20036, ($1.50). EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC- $1.72 Descriptors-BUILDING CONVERSION *COLLEGE BUILDINGS COLLEGE PLANNING, *COMMUNITYCOLLEGES COMMUNITY SUPPORT, *EDUCATIONAL FINANCE, *FACILITY CASE STUDIESFINANCIAL NEEDS FINANCIAL PROBLEMS *JUNIOR COLLEGES The American Association of Junior Collegesmade thisstudy to provide information for those wishing to developnew community junior colleges. A questionnaire was sent to the 250, two-year colleges which have begun operation since 1959. Ninety-one responded. Datawas assembled by the method used by new institutions to begin their programs. Major types were--(1)evening program in shared-time facilities. (2) leased. temporary facilities previouslyused for non-instructional purposes, (3) leased, temporary facilities previously used for instructionalpurposes, (4) purchased and renovated pre-existingfacilities, and (5) erection ofnew facilities through prefabricatedor slandarcl construction. Eight case studies are reported illustrating each type. Each case study offersa description of the interim campus and basic data relative to time lapse from appointment of collegepresident to opening day and evening classes, faculty, students,space and costs. Communities investigating interim colleges are advised to weigh values of immediateservice against problems of investing scarce funds in temporary solutions. The conclusion reachedis that most communitieswillaccept "withenthusiasm"any proposedfacilitysolutionwithin reasonable limits "that will place the collegein service without undue delay". (HH) THE INTERIM CAMPUS F \.\ 7 ( .;
tim:idt111711611... RICHARD C. RICHARDSON, JR.
I[TERI MPUS STARTING NEW COMMUNITYJUNIOR COLLEGES
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING II.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY.
American Association of Junior Collegesri1315 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington,D. C. 20036 Introduction 3 Table I
Part I. General Description 5
1.Evening Program in Shared Time Facility 5 2. Day and Evening Programs in Leased Facilities 7 CONTENTS: Table II Table III 3. Day and Evening Programs in Purchased and Renovated Facilities 8 Table IV 4. Day and Evening Programs in New Facilities Erected through Short-Term or Prefabricated Construction 10 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED Table V
BY 903ev %Aavwkr A Alt 5.Day and Evening Programs in New Facilities Erected through Standard Construction 11 TO ERIC AR ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION. FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE Part II. Case Studies 13 THF ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMISSION OF ThE COPYRIGHT OWNER." 1.Monroe Community College 14 2.Okaloosa-Walton Junior College 17 3.Rhode Island Junior College 21 4.El Centro College 24 5. Rock Valley College 27 Price: $1.50 6.Northampton County Area Community Copyright 1968 College 30 American Association of Junior Colleges 7.Cypress Junior College 33 1315 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20036 8.Butler County Community College 35
Printed in U.S.A.Conclusion 38 FOREWORD
Harold Gores, president of Educational Facilities Foolish? Perhaps in some instances. Some planners Laboratories, in stressing the importance of flexibilitydon't believe in the interim campus at all.However, in designing educational facilities, has said that weonce the people of a community have made thecollege should design our schools to someday become somethingcommitment, they usually expect, and probably deserve, else.All of us involved in various phases of facilitiesaction. The usual result is an interim campus and the planning would not dispute this basic point of view. evidence points to the probability that more often than not the interim campus nets an educational dividend in At this point in time, however, with the rate ofthe long run. growth what it is in the community college field, one might be tempted to reverse Dr. Gores' statement and Interim campuses are not without their pros and say that everything else should have beendesigned tocons, however, and in an attempt to lend a measure of become a college. guidance to the planners of new colleges, the Facilities Information Service at AAJC proposed this study of One a week is a conservative estimate of the rateinterim campuses to help those entering the planning at which new community colleges are currently beingprocesses to gain some knowledge of hew others have created in the fifty states.As a matter of fact, thegotten their start. The solutions are diverse, the options American Association of Junior Colleges identifiedare numerous, and the advantages anddisadvantages seventy-two new institutions which opened their doors must be weighed. to students in the fall of 1967. Richard C. Richardson, Jr., has done an excellent In order to become operational at the earliest possible job in his analysis of the interim campus. The planning date, most of these newly created colleges are gettingteam for any new institution would do well to read it their start in some form of temporary facility ancarefully. "interim campus." This publication is one of a series being published by Almost every conceivable type of existing building isthe Association as part of its Facilities Information being converted to an interim college facility in the bigService which is supported by Educational Facilities rush to action a dairy farm in Illinois, a machineLaboratories. tool factory in Rhode Island, department stores in Edmund J. Gleazer, Jr. Dallas and Philadelphia, a ghost town in Florida, and Executive Director former army and air bases everywhere. American Association of Junior Colleges 1 Average Time No. of Required TABLE I Institutions Method for Planning
METHODS USED BY NEW 17 Evening Program in Shared Time 11 months INSTITUTIONS TO BEGIN THEIR Facilities PROGRAMS AND TIME REQUIRED 14 Leased Temporary Facilities Previously 10 months FOR PLANNING Used for Instructional Purposes 15 Leased Temporary Facilities Previously 7 months Used for Noninstructional Purposes 9 Purchased and Renovated Pre-existing 12 months Facilities Erected New 17acilities through Short- 10 months Term or Prefabricated Construction 29 Erected New Facilities through 27 months Standard Construction
OPTIONS
TYPES OPTIONS
Abandon
Abandon Incorporate PERMANENT FACILITIES
Abandon Relocate Incorporate
Abandon Incorporate
NO INTERIM CAMPUS 2 11
INTRODUCTION
The "instant college" is a way of describing one ofinvolved in the development of new institutions and to the unique characteristics of two-year institutions. It hasmake this information available to those who might become almost commonplace for new colleges to admitbenefit from it.As a first step, a questionnaire was their first freshman class within a year of the date ondeveloped and distributed to the 250 two-year colleges which the first president is appointed. In one instance,which have begun operation since 1959. A total lf a college reports admitting students within two and aninety-one institutions provided usable responses that half months of that date.The trend toward thecould be divided into categories.The distribution of prompt provision of instructional services by new two-responses is presented in Table I. year colleges has become so pronounced that authori- A number of institutions used a combination of ties have found it necessary to counsel restraint and toapproaches that were impossible to categorize. Unfor- advise strongly that programs of instruction shouk' nottunately, the excitement and ingenuity that character- be initiated without a minimum of one year of pla ized many of the approaches described does not lend The two-year college movement can be proud that initself to presentation in tabular form. The net result of a profession noted for conservatism and judiciousreviewing the responses is to reinforce the reader's delay,italone, among its educational counterparts,faith in the vitality of the two-year college and in the needs to be counseled to exercise restraint in establish-creativity of its disciples, who jointly share responsi- ing services. bility for the development of a new pattern in higher education that threatens to alter, for the better, the No one can seriously question the fact that itis entire structure of American higher education. extremely desirable to have at least a year of planning The organization of this report on the interim campus before classes open. However, in many communitiesincludes two major divisions. In the first section, com- there are excellent reasons why the new college needsparative information and interpretive commentary have to get underway with a minimum delay.While therebeen combined to summarize the results of the ques- are many problems that must be surmountedby suchtionnaire study and to draw implications for the new institutions, certainly none is more acute than the onetwo-year college faced with comparable alternatives. of physical facilities. In the second section of the report, eight case studies In recognition of the importance of this area, theare presented as representative of institutions that have American Association of Junior Colleges requested asucceeded in solving the problem of physical facilities study to collect information from those who have beenthrough use of a variety of approaches. 3 P
I.
9
inWies ' .1" 011P4
o> GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1. Evening Program in Shared Time Facilities Another major advantage cited by most colleges utiliz- ing this approach was low cost.The cost reported for One of the most commonly chosen solutions and cer-renovation was minimal. Most frequently there was no tainly the easiest to implement involves opening classescost at all. Only one institution reported renovation cost with an evening program in a secondary school. Of thein excess of $10,000. The cost of equipment and fur- institutions responding to the questionnaire, seventeennishing was also minimal or nonexistent for the most started their programs in this manner. It should bepart, with three major exceptions involving expenditures noted, however, that several of the schools who startedthat exceeded $150,000. this way did so because their permanent facilities were not completed on time. Without the influence of these Costs reported for leases showed considerable varia- institutions, the average length of time required for plan-tion.Those institutions that were a part of secondary ning would have been greatly reduced. The least amountschool systems reported no cost at all, while four institu- of time required to implement this solution was two andtions reported costs in the $50,000-$100,000 range. a half months. While lease costs in a number of instances approached The advantages of this approach incluth, both speedthe costs reported by institutioas offering day and eve- and ease of implementation. High school facilities willning programs in exclusive use facilities, the colleges support, to a degree, most programs of instruction inbeginning with evening programs in shared time facili- the community college.Since equipment and furnish-ties had the use of completely equipped physical plants ings are already installed, problems of tardy deliveries,including custodial service, maintenance, and heat and bidding procedures, and similar concerns may normallylight. be avoided. Indeed, some modern high schools offer The disadvantages of this approach also merit serious facilities such as theaters, pools, and gymnasiums thatconsideration. High school graduates who want a day the fledgling community college will require substantialprogram may refuse to attend evening sessions. Any time to acquire. student with an option is almost certain to exercise it. 5 Many colleges felt that student morale suffered throughto be severely limited by the mobility to modify the use the inability to carry on a normal student activity pro-of space that is primarily devoted to high school activi- gram and because of the difficulty that students had inties.Staff morale may suffer from losing most of the identifying with the college. arguments concerning who lost, broke, or dirtied what, Faculty recruiting may also be a major problem sinceto their secondary school counterparts. many instructors do not like to be absent from their Further, the image of the new institution as a college families in the evening, or dislike the restrictions thatmay suffer by virtue of its close identification with high teaching in the evening places on normal social activi-school, leading to difficulty in establishing community ties. In addition, the tendency of faculty members toacceptance of the college. moonlight is magnified by virtue of the fact that their One further disadvantage associated with this solu- days are unencumbered and that they are normallytion involves the fact that it is frequently combined accustomed to being active during these periods. Sincewith the hasty construction of the first permanent facili- moonlighting under such circumstances precedes theties. Most architects will advise allowing at least three work that is being done for the college, the tendency toyears from the first planning to the final occupancy of devote less than the desired amount of attention to col-any permanent buildings.It is possible to take short- lege responsibilities is also increased. cuts, but the end product will suffer. Opportunities for the development of technical pro- In addition, there is a tendency for buildings that are grams and the encouragement of innovation are likely constructed under these circumstances to suffer from the
TABLE II
COLLEGES BEGINNING WITH DAY AND EVENING PROGRAMS IN LEASED TEMPORARY FACILITIES PREVIOUSLY USED FOR INSTRUCTIONAL PURPOSES Months from Maximum FTE Cost of Cost of start ef in day lease Cost of equipment and Gross square planning to Institution program (annual) renavations furnishings feet first class
Indian River Junior College, Florida 157 $ 2,000 $ 5,000 15,000 8 Berkshire Community College, Massachusetts 812 500,000 71,070 56,000 12 Bristol Community College, Massachusetts 320 4,000 100,000 19,000 9 Cape Cod Community College, Massachusetts 644 200,000 100,000 40,000 8 Greenfield Community College, Massachusetts 631 185,000 50,000 24 Massachusetts Bay Community College, Massachusetts 785 100,000 300 51,000 54,750 6 Mt. Wachusett Community College, Massachusetts 236 400,000 100,000 29,000 9 North Hennepin State Junior College, Minnesota 1,010 104,000 8,500 106,000 16,600 5 Northland State Junior College, Minnesota 289 17,272 2,500 69,204 9,404 15 Fulton-Montgomery Community College, New York 900 7,500 25,000 65,000 70,000 5 Monroe Community College, New York 3,070 100,000 175,000 1,362,598 93,220 8 Caldwell Technical Institute, North Carolina 168 9,600 300 150,000 40,000 10 Shenango Valley Campus (Pennsylvania State University), Pennsylvania 305 14,000 200,000 9 6 High line College, Washington 200 3,000 6,000 15,600 15 1.111,111,11.11W lifirWrifro
TABLE III
COLLEGES BEGINNING WITH DAY AND EVENING PROGRAMS IN LEASED TEMPORARY FACILITIES PREVIOUSLY USED FOR NONINSTRUCTIONAL PURPOSES Months from Maximum FTE Cost of Cost of start of in day ,,, lease Cost of equipment and Gross squareplanning to Institution program (annual) renovations furnishings feet first class Enterprise State Junior College, Alabama 256 $ 10,000 $ - $3,000 11,000 2 Phillips County Community 'Allege, Arkansas 198 100 14,300 25,000 12,000 9 Cuesta College, California 800 10,000 129,935 681,497 170,000 12 Merced College, California 335 8,400 20,197 16,292 12,000 6 Okaloosa-Walton Junior College, Florida 1,089 2,075 46,800 178,699 62,656 6 College of Southern Idaho, Idaho 250 67,800 50,000 87,000 130,000 5 Washtenaw Community College, Michigan 1,628 37,680 247,849 386,343 82,380 6 St Mary's Junior College, Minnesota 550 120,000 15,000 40,000 105,000 12 Adirondack Community College, New York 984 35,000 150,000 90,000 21,600 7 Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York 2,603 636,000 - 208,700 130,000 6 Niagara County Community College, New York 432 9,800 25,000 10,000 48,000 4 Western Piedmont Community College, North Carolina 593 - 10,000 350,000 43,000 11 Harrisburg Area Community College, Pennsylvania 423 - 44,000 100,000 29,400 9 Rhode Island Junior College, Rhode Island 2,570 258,600 Included 490,000 167,000 5 San Jacinto College, Texas 220 13,800 3101,e0ag 18,000 - 12 attempt to make a single building do more than any onetional purposes, this approach becomes one of the two building ought to have to do. This results in increasedmost frequently used with a total of twenty-nine report- cost for equipping the building to do temporarily some-ing institutions starting in this way. thing that it will not have to do permanently, and the Table II provides comparative information for insti- added cost of renovation at a later date. This disadvan-tutions leasing temporary facilities that were previously tage is partially balanced by the fact that faculty mem-used for instructional purposes. Table III provides the bers will be available for the planning stage of the per-same information for institutions leasing temporary fa- manent facilities and can provide detailed technicalcilities previously used for noninstructional purposes. information to supplement planning procedures. It is interesting to note that the average time required for planning by institutions reported in Table III was 2. Day and Evening Programs in Leased three months less than for those reported in Table II. Facilities For practical purposes, however, there is little difference A second solution that has been tried by a substan-in the amount of time required, whether facilities were tial number of new two-year colleges involves the leasepreviously used for instructional or noninstructional and renovation of existing facilities for short-term use.purposes. The cost for leasing facilities is generally less If the number of institutions that have leased spacein the case of buildings previously used for instructional previously used for instructional purposes is combinedpurposes. Where colleges are a part of secondary school with those leasing space previously used for noninstruc-systems, there may be no lease charges. 7 The costs for renovations, surprisingly enough, wereaided through the availability of qualified staff. The col- significantly lower in buildings previously used for non-lege which starts in this manner makes a greater impact instructional purposes with an average cost of $65,267,upon the community. The enthusiasm of staff and stu- as compared with the average cost of$108,770 fordents is stimulated by the fact that they are housed in buildings previously used for instructional purposes.their own facility. Experimentation can be encouraged. This was true despite the fact that the average space The disadvantages reported for this approach include available in buildings previously used for noninstruc-the higher costs of initiating the program. Unless the tional purposes was nearly twice that of the space avail-leased facilities are adjacent to the permanent site, the able in buildings previously used for instructional pur-investment in renovations is lost when the college moves poses (73,158 square feet as compared with 38,225).to its permanent campus. Since the emphasis in this The most probable reason for this finding involves theapproach is on speed in initiating the program, the fact that public school buildings, which are no longerlack of adequate planning time may increase the ex- being used, usually are very old and in quite poor con-pense of renovation. dition. An implication of this finding is that new insti- It should also be noted that leased buildings fre- tutions should carefully review estimated costs of reno-quently lack certain facilities such as a cafeteria, a vation before selecting an abandoned public school ingymnasium, and a theater.The absence of these facili- preference to leasing more modern commercial space. ties makes it difficult to maintain a balanced program. There was virtually no difference in the expendituresIn addition, the image of the institution may suffer from for furnishings and equipment for institutions utilizingbeing associated with a dilapidated high school or a this approach in the two different kinds of facilities. Forformer factory, and this fact may create morale prob- institutions beginning their programs in space previously lems for the student body and the staff. used for noninstructional purposes, the average cost was $178,982. For programs started in facilities previously used for instructional purposes, the average cost was $186,927 In comparing costs between the various types of approaches, college administrators should not over-3. Day and Evening Programs in Purchased look the fact that the furnishings and the equipment and Renovated Facilities purchased for leased facilities can be moved to the per- manent facilities when these are completed. In this way Nine of the colleges reporting started their day and the costs of acquiring furniture and equipment for theevening programs in facilities that were purchased and development of new programs can be distributed overrenovated to serve as part of a permanent campus. a period of several years. While this solution is similar in certain respects to the The initiation of day and evening programs in leasedlease and renovation of temporary facilities, there are a facilitiesoffers a number of distinct advantages. Itnumber of important differences. makes it possible to provide immediate opportunities Only one of the nine colleges used space that had for students, both in the day and evening. It should bepreviously been designed primarily for instruction. Four noted, however, that while some institutions reportwere able to obtain surplus military installations at extremely short periods of time required for planningminimal costs and thus began their programs with a before opening the program, a comprehensive institutionsubstantial physical plant which included, in some in- will require a minimum of six to nine months in order tostances, relatively new buildings. Other facilities utilized develop specifications for equipment and go through theincluded a hospital and a department store. necessary procedures of advertising and awarding bids. The average time required for planning for this type Indeed, certain types of laboratory and library equip-of operation was twelve months. This is somewhat ment may require from six to nine months for delivery. longer than the average time required to occupy leased 8 Another advantage is the fact that future planning isfacilities and is related to the fact that colleges purchas- TABLE IV
COLLEGES BEGINNING WITH DAY AND EVENING PROGRAMS THROUGH PURCHASE AND RENOVATION OF PRE.EXISTING FACILITIES Months from Maximum FTE Cost of the Cost of start of in day facility Cost of quipment and :iron square Iplanning to Institution program and site renovations furnishings feet first class
Oakland Community College, Campus 1, Michigan 1,500 $247,000 $300,000 $350,000 32,000 11 Oakland Community College, Campus 2, Michigan 2,000 927,000 700,000 620,000 100,000 11 Willmar State Junior College, Minnesota 1,200 - 134,092 136,656 65,000 12 Crowder College, Missouri 800 2,000 60,000 105,000 106,913 13 Central Nebraska Tech., Nebraska 1,500 - 424,700 500,000 118,000 9 Franconia College, New Hampshire 350 250,000 60,000 10,000 125,000 12 Middlesex County College, New Jersey 800 - 540,000 515,000 80,000 18 Central Piedmont Community College, North Carolina 2,000 550,000 700,000 130,000 11 Dallas County Junior College District, Texas 2,850 2,150,000 3,749,849 1,429,271 240,000 13 ing facilities normally make a much heavier investmentspace was available to support comprehensive programs in renovations than do colleges which lease.None ofincluding technical laboratories. the colleges utilizing this approach opened in less than Those institutions that began their programs in former nine months. government facilities mentioned two additional advan- Table IV provides comparative information for insti-tages. The first involved the low cost and ease of acqui- tutions purchasing and renovating pre-existing buildings. sition.In most instances the sites were jbtained for the In general, the cost of renovations, as would be ex-cost of the transfer which ranged from $1 to $2,000. pected, far exceeded the amount invested in leasedThe second advantage was that site development was space. The average cost for all of the institutions re-relatively complete and utilities were present. sponding in this category was approximately $6.50 per A substantial number of disadvantages were also square foot. This average would have been much highermentioned.Several institutions discussed the short life had it not been for those institutions which started inexpectancy of renovated buildings and the tendency of military bases with minimal rec_ .irements for renova-the community to accept the standard represented by tion and for one institution which was able to secure athe renovated building as the yardstick for institutional great deal of space with minimum renovation required.requirements. This approach has a number of advantages. The in- Most of the facilities utilized required extensive reno- stitution is able to develop an image of its own at once.vations and, even with the renovations, frequently left Of course this advantage is somewhat tempered by themuch to be desired with respect to the appropriateness prior use of the facility.The college that started in aof the facilities for certain kinds of activities. The re- former high school mentioned the lack of favorablequirement for extensive renovation, combined with the image as a disadvantage. The ability to provide imme-lack of adequate planning time, presented difficulties diate student service with minimal lead time was alsofor the staff. The high cost of operating and maintaining mentioned as a major advantage. In addition, adequaterenovated facilities was also mentioned. 9 While institutions beginning programs in surplus gov-of the colleges, a multicampus district, used prefabri- ernment facilities mentioned two additional advantages,cated components to construct a campus that could theyalsoidentifiedanotherseriousdisadvantage.subsequently be relocated when the permanent facili- Because government facilities are rarely selected fortiesfor thefirst campus were completed and new their proximity to popularion centers, a number of thecampuses were established. Two of the colleges used institutions using this approach are located in out-of-short-term construction and prefabricated components the-way areas which present difficulties with respect toto develop facilities that would ultimately be incorpo- access for much of the student population served. rated into the permanent campus. Table V includes a summary of information for col- leges utilizing this approach. It can be seen that this is llDllu [IDN:19' nERll'IC11Dfin,LI; 11ll llU.-411.1T the most expensive of the interim solutions that have FnefiFifill(N EIIII'M(11/hicogrigh (iDE'R-TKIRT)Oil' been presented. The average cost per square foot for llDGV[I'ailDn'IlentleQ1 glallnantleqfinED site improvement and construction of facilities was $17. To offset these costs, however, it should be noted that Seven of the institutions responding to the surveyin two instances the facilities are permanent buildings, indicated that their first programs were offered in newin one other the facilities are relocatable, and in the facilities erected through short-term or prefabricatedremaining four the facilities will be used for on extended construction on the permanent site. Actually this ap-period of time in conjunction with the development of proach may be further subdivided into three categories.the permanent facilities. Of course the cost of site im- Four of the colleges constructed temporary buildings onprovements which may approximate one-fourth of the the basis of their own specifications, with the intentiontotal cost represents an investment in the permanent of demolishing these buildings within ten years.One campus that will not be lost.
TABLE V
COLLEGES BEGINNING WITH DAY AND EVENING PROGRAMS IN FACILITIES NEWLY ERECTED THROUGH SHORT-TERM OR PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION Months fromFuture Maximum FTE Cost of site Cost of start of disposi- in day Cost of improvement and equipment and Gross squareplanning totion of Institution program site facilities furnishings feet first classbuildings
Cypress Junior College, California 2,382 $4,000,000 $1,060,000 $350,000 70,596 12 3 Lake Sumter Junior College, Florida 850 1,400,000 200,000 85,000 8 2 Sauk Valley College, Illinois 1,000 24,-6-27 776,126 169,008 44,000 9 1 Hopkinsville Community College, Kentucky 400 70,000 1,000,000 90,000 45,000 13 1 Meramec Community College, Missouri 1,889 866,171 441,750 63,250 31,416 16 1 Butler County Community College, Pennsylvania 600 367,361 1,113,208 259,105 37,043 10 2 Northampton County Area Community College, Pennsylvania 850 369,586 412,241 215,909 30,000 8 1 10 Key to disposition code:1. Demolish within ten-year period.2. Part of the permanent campus. 3. Relocate to a new campus. The average length of time required by institutions Certain types of facilities, notably student recreation to implement this solution was ten months. While con-and physical education areas, do not adapt tothis type struction time may be as short as seventy-four days, toof construction and are apt to be postponeduntil the this must be added the time required for planning,permanent campus is ready.This results in some limi- development of working drawings, required advertisingtations with respect to program offerings, acertain procedures and site preparation. As mentioned in con-amount of curtailment of student out-of-classactivities, nection with other approaches, there is also a six to nine-and limited space for students during periodswhen they month waiting period for certain kinds of equipmentare not attending class.This disadvantage is further and furnishings. aggravated by the tendency to conserve space in tempo- One institution, Illinois Central College, developedrary facilities by reducing the amountof square footage an interesting variation on this approachby designingallocated to a given student station. a twelve-building quadrangle of 72,000 squarefeet to The implementation of this type of approachin a be constructed on its permanent campus under a four-limited period of time imposes greater demands on the year, $1.44 per square foot ler year, bid lease agree-staff than any of the other solutions previouslyde- ment with the contractor. This solution not only keepsscribed. And, this approach, combined with thedemands investment low but also solves the problem of what toof initiating and maintaining the instructional program, do with the facilities when they have outlived theirreduces the amount of staff time available for planning usefulness. the permanent facilities. The colleges that have utilized short-term construc- Colleges using this solution may find that buildings tion of interim campuses tend to be very enthusiasticmust be placed before the master plan hasbeen com- about the results. The approach makes it possible topleted. Further, despite the fact that great strides have offer prompt service to students.Facilities are specifi-been made in enhancing the aesthetic qualities of pre- cally designed to meet program needs and are erected atfabricated buildings, such structures can never attain a relatively low cost. Theability to begin classes in newreal distinction of architectural style.As the campus facilities, tailored to the needs of the college, has adevelops, a mixture of prefabricated structures along favorable effect on the morale of students and staff. Inwith other buildings may occur, making it difficult to addition, it creates a major impact on the communitypromote campus integrity. and results in a strongly favorable image. The availability of low cost facilities encourages inno- vation and experimentation with respect to new ap-5. Day and Evening Programs in New proaches to instruction. By locating the facility on the Facilities Erected through Standard permanent site, it becomes possible to developadequate Construction parking facilities. The program is centralized,creating a unification of effort.Finally, this solution makes it A substantial number of the colleges responding to easier to encourage community leadership involvementthe survey did not utilize an interim solutionin estab- and support with respect to the college. lishing their first program. Some twenty-nineinstitutions There are also some disadvantages worthy of note.elected to wait until their permanent facilities wereready Unless the facility is planned very carefully on asitebefore offering classes. This approach was utilizedpri- which lends itself to such utilization, the temporarymarily in the case of institutions established as a partof facilities may clutter up the permanent site.There isa state system or as a branch campusof a state univer- also the danger of being required to retain temporarysity. Typically, the planning was done by acentral plan- facilities beyond their useful life expectancy,resultingning staff prior to the time that the president ordirector in increased costs for operation andmaintenance. Siteswas employed. of limited acreage, such as thoselocated in urban areas, Only three of the twenty-nine colleges startedin this 11 may not lend themselves tothis approach at all. way were locallycontrolled two-year institutions. The 4.
average length of time required from the start of planningThe pressure to start the program resulted in a man- to the initiation of the instructional program was twenty-killing timetable for planning and construction, and the seven months. The least amount of time reported wasattempt to speed permanent construction increased costs. twelve months, the most thirty-eight months. It also appeared that, in many instances, insufficient A number of advantages were mentioned in connec-time was allowed for construction with the result that tion with this approach.It was felt that opening theprograms had to be delayed or were required to open in instructional program in permanent facilities enhancedtemporary facilities. the image of the institution within the community and A more serious disadvantage was reported by those in- the reputation of the college throughout the state.Thestitutions where the planning was done by central staffs. delay in starting classes provided time to build a staffIn such instances, the president normally did not par- and to establish working relationships.It was alsoticipate in planning and was unable to involve qualified, possible to provide detailed information concerning com-educationally oriented faculty members. Results of this munity requirements. appear to be two-fold. In the first place, the various units The fact that the program was started in new, per-tended to have a basic similarity. Secondly, some of the manent facilities was regarded as an aid to faculty re-facilities lacked requirements such as faculty offices. cruitment and represented a material factor in promoting A final disadvantage that deserves mention involves high faculty and student morale. Some institutions werethe cost in human resources when students miss post- pleased by the opportunity to use the planning serviceshigh school instruction. This is a much more difficult of central staffs and appreciated the fact that they did nottype of loss to measure than some of the others that have become involved in the details of bids and construction. been described in this report but nevertheless it cannot There were a number of significant disadvantages also.be overlooked.
(rli047t PART IL CASE STUDIES
In the introduction to this report we mentioned thatIt is the purpose of the case studies which follow to sug- tabular data cannot capture the ingenuity and excitementgest some of this excitement and to provide examples of that is involved in the establishment of a new institution. insticutions that exemplify certain types of approaches.
41S1TY c:ES:A 4EALTH a ...1=c1.1111/761M
MONROE COMMUNITY t:77-71 COLLEGE
President LeRoy V.Good In 1961, Monroe Community College w As created Architects by the Board of Supervisors of Monroe County, with Interim campus None the approval of the Board of Trustees of the State Permanent campus Caudill Rowlett Scott University of New York.The board of trustees ac- Todd & Giroux RibsonRoberts quired by lease from the local board of education the Parks, Morin, Hall, former East High School building as a temporary home Brennan & Sattelberg for the college. LeRoy V. Good was elected president of Type of Interim Facility the college by the board of trustees on January 11, 1962. Former academic high school the Maximum Number of Students Using Facility Rochester, with a population of 318,611, is Day program third largest city in New York State and the county Evening program 430 seat of Monroe County, with a population of 583,387 Square Footage Available in 1960.The city is situated on the Genesee River Gross 93,220 near its outlet to Lake Ontario in the midst of the Net 60,592 fruit and truck garden country of the picturesque Gen- Costs esee Valley.The port of Rochester is a major inland Renovations $ 175,000 port on the St. Lawrence Seaway. Annual lease 100,000 Custodial services and maintenance Included in lease When the president took office in January 1962, Heat and lights Included in lease the board of trustees had already obtained an aban- Equipment and furnishings 1,362,598 doned high school building as the temporary site for First year 750,000 Second year 612,698 the college.Eight months later, the college opened with 720 freshmen students in liberal arts programs. Time Lapse Between Employing President and Starting Classes Day program 8 months It was the intention of the administration and board to 14 Evening program 20 months proceed with some deliberation in the development of career programs. Later inthe same year, the board ofdesk, a chair, and a bookcase.This has led to some trustees, acting upon the recommendationof the presi-interesting interchange of faculty viewpoints. dent, passed a resolution that the admissionof students The classrooms themselves required littlerenovation should be divided evenly between career programsandexcE,A for a thorough cleaning.New furniture and college transfer programs.Entering classes in careerequipment had to be provided for the laboratories. The programs were startedin the fall of 1963 and, sinceold library was much too small for the college, soall that time, new career programs have beenadded eachof the rooms in one wing on the second floor were des- year so that the college nowhas twenty career programsignated as library space. This made it possible to more and does college transfer work inthree areas: liberalclosely approach accepted standards forseating and arts, engineering sciences, andbusiness administration.stack space in a college library. During the time that the college hasoccupied its Perhaps the most expensive feature ofrenovating an interim facility, steady growth has beenexperiencedold building of this type has been the rewiringrequired with respect to the number of students served.By theto bring it up to modern standardsfor lighting rooms fall of 1967, the full-time equivalentenrollment wasand halls.Extensive rewiring has also been necessary 3,530 students.By 1970, it is anticipated that theto serve laboratories containingsophisticated electrical college will serve a full-time equivalentenrollment ofequipment. 6,000 in a new campus that is being designedand built while the college occupies its presentfacility. General Comments of the Description of the Interim Canipus The college has no plans for the future use interim facility.The building will be returned to the The interim facility selected by the board of trusteesboard of education when the college moves to its new is a four-story brick and concrete structurebuilt incampus during the 1967-68college year.It might 1902 as an academic high school.It consists of onehave been possible for the college to make someaddi- self-contained building with terrazzo floors, metalstair-tional use of the interim facility forevening college cases, and exceptionallywide corridors for buildings offunctions if there had been adequate parking.However, that era.Because it was designed as an academichighlike many older city schools, it occupies a verylimited school,it has unusually large scientificlaboratoriesarea, surrounded by thecommunity. valuable which have proved to be one of its most Community and student reaceon has beenfavorable. features. From the students' point of view, the verycrowding The gymnasiums and dressing rooms ofthe buildingwhich has created lome difficult situationshas also led were not serviceablefor physical education programs.them to appreciate the effort made toprovide them Through process of renovation, thesefacilities were de-with an educational experience.The interim campus veloped into laboratories for such programs asdatawas, for nearly fifty years, anelite high school of the processing and nursing.The cafeteria of the buildingcommunity, producing a large number of theleaders was originallydesigned to seat 275 students at a maxi-of the county and the city.The strong association with mum.Consequently, it has been quite difficult toeducation in the building has led to apsychological ac- provide adequate food service for theseveral thousandceptance of the college's functionin the facility.The students c arolled at the college. imaginative and effective solution to the rapidprovision of an educational experience hashelped create the fi- It would have been tremendouslyexpensive to par-nancial backing necessary for a totally new campus. tition small offices for facultybecause of the concrete walls and floors of the old building.In order to cope Several advantages may be emphasized.First, and with this problem, large classrooms wereused as jointmost important, the leasing of temporaryfacilities per- facilities for fifteen faculty members,each having amitted the college to prove the need for itsservices to 15 the community and in this way to build support for There were also some disadvantages.Overcrowding anticipated future costs.The use of temporary facilitiescreated some morale problems on the part of students also permitted the testing of curriculums beforeperma-and staff.The limited facilities also delayed implemen- nent construction entered final planning stages.Thetation of an open-door policy and tended to create a solution also made it possible for the board and presi-selective admissions system. A number of the newer dent to employ the core of the faculty and staff thattechnical programs required sophisticated utilities which would ultimately be required for the new facility. were difficult to provide in a remodeled facility.
tel* ....11111111m --al.Za-
16 OKALOOSA--WALTON
COLLEG, I CIUMK ,
President J E. McCracken Okaloosa had its specific beginnings in April 1963 when the state board of education granted it "Priority Architects One" status and the state legislature appropriated funds Interim campus None Ricks and Kendricks for its establishment.The advisory committee was Permanent campus appointed in December of that year and subsequently Type of Interim Facility selected as the first president J. E. McCracken, who Renovated business and public buildings of a took office in February of 1964. vacated downtown area The two-county area served by Okaloosa-Walton Maximum Number of Students Using Facility Junior College encompasses some 2,000 square miles Day program 1,089* in northwest Florida with a population of nearly Evening program 306* 100,000 persons, half of whom reside along a Gulf Square Footage Available coastal strip.The economy of the area is based in Gross 62,656 large measure upon Eglin Air Force Proving Ground Net 53,560 Center and its suppoling businesses and industries, with secondary emphasis on agriculture and fisheries. Costs Renovations $46,800 The college opened its doors for the first time in Annual lease 2,075 August 1964 with a campus consisting of seven busi- Custodial services and maintenance 30,167 former downtown 14,562 ness and municipal buildings of a Heat and lights initial enrollment Equipment and furnishings 178,699 area which were renovated to serve an of 309 full-time and 458 part-time college-credit stu- Time Lapse Between Employment of Presidentand Starting Classes dents with an additional part-time noncollege-credit en- Day program 6 months rollment of seventy. As of January 1967, the facilities Evening program 6 months had increased to twenty-two buildings, making possible 17 *College credit only Gross a broader range of programs and serving anenrollment Means of Present Prier capacity which had swelled to 866 full-time and 567 part-time acquisition function function sq. ft. students in college-credit work, along with 1,065 part- Lease: Language lab, faculty Dress shop and time students in noncollege work. The September 1966 $1/year offices, restrooms upstairs apartment 1,796 issue of Florida Schools, in a feature article, noted that Gift: Component of library Radio station upstairs; Okaloosa-Walton Junior College's ability to meet com- Quit-claim complex real estate offices munity needs had contributed materially to the fact deed downstairs 1,874 that the college had become in two short years the tenth Gift: Component of library Jewelry and gift shop largest junior college in the state. This is despite the fact Quit-claim complex !original newspaper that the two counties involved rank fifteenth and fortieth deed office of U.S. Congress- respectively among other counties on the basis of pop- man Robert L. F. Sikes) 2,513 ulation. Lease: Administration A former bank building $1/year building housing attorneys' offices, In addition to offering the range of programs typical dentists' offices, for a comprehensive community college, Okaloosa- insurance offices, Walton Junior College has been designated as an area and a beauty shop 3,840 vocational-technical school. Gift: Liberal arts 1954 bank building 3,721 Deeded with classroom building reverter Description of the Interim Campus clause upon abandonment The story of the unique solution employed by from college Okaloosa-Walton Junior College to open its doors ac- uses tually began two years before the temporary site was Lease: Physical education Community center 3,477 selected.The development of a four-lane traffic artery $1/year (classroom, gymnas- on the fringes of Valparaiso, alongwith the rapid rise tics area, offices, of housing on the undeveloped side of the highway, shower-dressing resulted in a shift of business from the old downtown room, and restrooms) area, leaving behind empty stores,banks, and shops. Lease: Science building Bay-area hospital 4,775 Thus, the presence of an available, vacated "total vil- $1/year (biology labs, chem- lage" in close proximity to the population to be served istry lab, classroom, prep. room, stock- virtually dictated the ready-to-renovate solution. room, storage, and "Dodge City" is the visitor's spontaneous description faculty offices) of Okaloosa-Walton Junior CollegeF interim campus. Courtesy use* Outdoor p.e. areas Eglin Air Force Base The twelve-acre campus centers around a small village outdoor sport areas park on a point of land between two of the scenic bay- tstill active) ous that fringe the northernshores of Choctawhatchee Courtesy use Convocation hall Local movie theater 6,296 Bay. The renovation of the initial complex of buildings (8:00 a.m.- involved an array which varied from 1920 vintage two- 5:00 p.m.) story frame corner store buildings to arelatively new Courtesy use Classrooms, piano Church education centrally heated and air-conditioned brick bank building. (uti I ity costs studio, practice building complex 3,506 and main- rooms, day-care cen- The following summary provides information con- tenance) ter (for children of cerning the prior function of each building andits sub- adult day students) sequent converted function along withthe capacities of Courtesy use College chapel Community church 18 the buildings that constituted the initial complex: sanctuary 3,500 Was of Present Prier Cress alquisitin fluidise Mesas of Present IPrier capacity fluidise acquisition function fondles sq. ft.
Courtesy use Outdoor campus and Three community parks, Inventory General classrooms Two and one-third recreation areas integrally located within transfer "barracks buildings" 4,640 the campus, one of Inventory Maintenance buildingOne "barracks which has picnic areas, transfer (offices, shops, bui Idi ng" 2,000 bathhouses, beaches, storage, restrooms) water skiing, swimming Inventory areas, and boating areas Student-faculty annexOne "barracks transfer (student activity building" 1,882 *Courtesy use = facilities used In commonwith some other organization, but not at simultaneous or concurrent hours. (from BPI offices, ping-pong for cost of area, and additional moving dining area) The followingbuildings were acquired additionally $1000) to accommodate the rapidly expanded enrollments of *From Board of Public Instruction (for cost of moving $600 each). the college in itssecond and third years of operation. **Discontinued elementary school "war surplus barracks" classroom buildings.
Cress Meals of Proust Prier capacity The following solutions to some of the problems in- aftalsitisu toadies fuacties sq. ft. volving the renovation of these typesur facilities have lease: Large-group lecture Post office 1,349 implications for institutions anticipating sucha course $1/year hall, restrooms of action.The technique of joining adjacent buildings Purchase: Student-faculty Former hunting lodge separated by a grass plot orgrass strip added critical building, center (faculty which had been spaces at minimum effort and cost.In one instance, including offices, student per- converted into an the Okaloosa County Homebuilders Associationvolun- furnishings sonnel services, snackapartment house 4,742 teered to "tie" a roof across the of six bar, clinic, book- grass plot between two apartments store, and restrooms) buildings that stood twenty-three feet apart.They also and a com- poured a concrete floor slab and erectedtwo end walls plete snack with proper front and rear doors and windows.Renova- bar tion of two exterior windows into doorways providedfor Gift: Administrative annex Grass plrbetween two convenient passage from the other building. Theannex construction and data processing buildings, exterior walls is heated and cooled by simple ductwork by Oka loose center of which became and from the County Home- still are the interior original central heating and air-conditioning unit ofone builders walls of the annex. 1,320 of the adjacent buildings. Association This simple solution, atno cost to the college, pro- lease: Two classrooms One-half of a new radio vided a data processing center, three administrative $1560/year station building 1,092 offices, and a correlated reception and secretarialarea. Inventory Addition in library Two "barracks The technique of linking buildings by covered"passage- tranfer* complex buildings"** 2,333 way" arches from one to another also produceda total Inventory Humanities complex Two "barracks library complex with unity which wouldnot otherwise transfer (music studios, art buildings" 4,000 have been feasible.This appfoach has also provided laboratories, rehearsal offices and storage areas between buildings byadding hall, classrooms, a roof, a floor, and one end wall with entries either offices) from the arched passageway or froman interior room. Inventory Laboratory-shop Two "barracks The problem of too many small rooms and hallway transfer complex (physics, buildings" 4,000 drafting, air-condi- accesses was resolved in converting one portion of the tioning-heat-refriger- hospital into biology laboratories by dead-endingthe ation, electrical, main hall into the laboratories, thus enabling removal faculty offices) of all small room walls.Alternate studs of certain walls 19 were retained withoutwallboard, however, and pro- The response of the community hasbeen enthusi- vided for creation of overhead shelving for books and astic, indeed.Citizens of the area have given of their exhibits.Lab-table tops were built on the wainscotresources and services infull measure and most fre- level of these same former walls.Thus minimumquently without being asked.Student and faculty structural changes to the building itself were necessaryreaction has been characterized by highmorale.So since the vertical skeletons of the bearing walls werepleased has everyone been with theinterim solution virtually untouched. and its integrated village atmosphere withthe centrally located park and the carillon in the communitychurch chapel that these elements have directed theplanned General Comments nature of the permanent campus toprovide just such a The college is working closely with the city of Val-setting insofar as possible. paraiso to ensure that the renovated facilities are used The greatest advantage of the campus has beenthe subsequent to the college's move to its new 264-acreintegral unity of the interior and exterior facilitiesand campus which will begin with thecompletion of firstareas. To this advantage mustbe added the note that phase construction in the fall of 1968. Two directionsnone of the basic facilitieshad to be occupied on a are emerging fi om this cooperativeeffort.The collegeshared-use basis.While courtesy-use facilities have has developed a three-day American ArtsFestivalcaused no real problem, di fficulties are inherentand which brings together performers and artists and fea-require close supervision to avoid eruption.The col- tures jazz and concert music, folk songs,barbershoplege through its ingenious use of existingfacilities has quartets, vintage films, lectures, and otherexamples ofattracted far greater numbers of students than the most American art.The festival which attracted, for theoptimistic projections had ever deemed possible.De- area, an unprecedentedaudience of 2,500 at eachpending upon one's point of view, inundation by stu- event, also featured local-color craftand craft industrydents may be viewed as either an advantage or a dis- shops located in buildings housing the college.It isadvantage. hoped that these businesses can be built up as a con- Rainy weather in the earliest days taxed the in- tinuing activity as the college phases out. genuity of students and faculty to find cover, but this In addition, the facilities are being considered as aproblem has been reduced with the addition of facilities. center for the development of a majorcommunity serv-Maintenance and climate control of buildings were sig- ice area within which the college and the citywouldnificant problems in the early stages also.In addition sustain organizations and activities of a community en-there have been a few instances of interactions with richment nature including such elements asJuniorcitizenry for whom the large influx of students and staff Achievement, YMCA, YWCA, Scouting, and thecity caused some problems.In essence, though, disad- library. vantages were so slight as to be of littleimportance. RHODE ISLAND JUNIOR COLLEG.
President William F. Flanagan In the January session of 1960, the Rhode Island Legislature passed an act designed to implement the Architects Interim campus None recommendations of the Commission to Study Higher Permanent campus Perkins and Will Education through the development of a statewide sys- tem of junior colleges.Rhode Island Junior College Type of Interim Facility with temporary quarters in Providence was established Renovated former college building and in 1964 as the first unit in the system.In March of renovated former factory building that year, William F. Flanagan was appointed by the Maximum Number of Students Using Facility Board of Trustees of State Colleges as president of the Day program 2,570 state system and as the first president of Rhode Island Evening program 113 Junior College. Square Footage Available Rhode Island is the smallest state in the union as Gross 167,000 well as the most densely populated.Eighty per cent Net 108,500 of the state's population, which totaled 893,000 in Costs 1965, is concentrated in and around the Providence Renovations included in lease metropolitan area.Most of the state can be reached Annual lease $258,600 from Providence in less than an hour's drive. Custodial services and maintenance included in lease Light 15,000 Rhode Island Juniur College opened its doors in Equipment and furnishings 490,000 September 1964 six months after Dr. Flanagan was employed in temporary facilities in the University Time Lapse Between Employment of President and Starting Classes of Rhode Island Extension Division Building in Provi- Day program 6 months dence. The facilities consisted primarily of general Evening program 33 months classrooms, serving 350 day students during the first 21 year of college operation.To accommodate projec-resistant construction composed of steel structuresand tions of increased enrollment as well as the desire fornon-bearing brick perimeter walls.The roof and six expanded curriculums, the college made arrangementsfloor levels are concrete on steel beams orbrick arch to lease the fourth floor of a converted factorybuildingconstruction. Finish floors are vinyl asbestos orasphalt and have tin facilities renovated by the lessor. Thetile over wood plank, hard maple flooring, and magne- additional classrooms, laboratories, offices and other site.There are five fire-proof exit stairways located so space made it possible for thecollege to serve 1,200that in no instance is there an area beyond adistance students during its second year of operation. of one hundred feet from an exit. Additional increases in enrollment in the fall of 1966 Modifications of the second, third, and fourth floors and again in 1967 required college planners to leasefor school occupancy were generally as follows: and renovate additional space so that by the fall of 1. In addition to the existing metal ortransite type 1967, most of the factory building was in use to servecffice partitions, classrooms were constructedof fire- a student body in excess of2,500.The philosophy atcode type partitions, the cross section of whichconsists Rhode Island Junior College is that of a comprehensiveof 35/8-inch steel studding erected ceilingheight 16 community college with curricular offerings that runinches o.c., faced with Ni-inch thick gypsum board, and the spectrum from two-year transfer programs todi-the partition core packed with 3-inch thickfiberglass ploma and certificate programs in vocational-technical insulation.This type of partition is rated for 11/2 hours education.The evening program which was started infire protection.In areas where a 2-hour-rated wall was February 1967islimited primarlytovocational-required, such as fire stop walls or vestibulesleading technical offerings. directly to fire exits, the partitions were doublefaced with 5/8-inch gypsum board.Solid core flush panel Description of the Interim Campus wood doors were installed in the 11/2-hour-ratedparti- In the post World War II period with itsshiftingtions as required, and metal doors and frames with door patterns of industry and employment, manyNew Eng-closers and panic hardware were installed in the 2- land communities have found themselveswith vacanthour-rated walls. factory buildings in the centers of their business dis- 2. Ceiling areas which did not have eitheracoustic tile or the suspended type ceilings were coveredwith tricts.With typical Yankee ingenuity, these buildings have been converted to a variety of purposes and servean asbestos flock, sprayed to athickness of about 1/2 warehouses, and in some in-inch. now as discount stores, floors stances new industries.Rhode Island Junior College, 3. Existing tile floors on the third and fourth through utilization of a converted manufacturing center,were patched or repaired.The second floor (former exemplifies the unique nature of the community collegefactory area) was completely covered with magnesite and its ability to relate to its particular environment.and vinyl asbestos tile. The interim campus consists of two buildings.The 4. Extensive rearrangement of existingoverhead first, a former teacher training school, was in use forlighting fixtures (fluorescent type) as well as the in- educational purposes at the time classes started for thestallation of many additional fixtures, particularly on approximately junior college.Consequently, little in the way of modi-the second floor, were made to result in fications was required with the exception of the addi-50 foot-candles of general lighting.Convenience out- At present, thislets were installed in all areas as required.Indirect tion of a few administrative offices. and building contains, in addition to the administrative offi-lighting fixtures were installed in all corridors ces, general classroomsand a cafeteria. staircases. The second building, a former factory, was leased 5. Adequate sanitary facilities were installed onall from Capitol Industrial Center with the cost of renova-floors. tions included as a part of the lease.The building, 6. All walls were finish painted in variedbright colors to enliven the interior and remove thefactory 22 mill type, with a complete sprinkler system, is of fire- atmosphere.All partitions and walls were finished with The approach utilized by Rhode Island Junior Col- rubber base strip. lege in developing an interim facility from a former 7. Extensive measures were taken and fire alarm andteacher training school and a renovated factory build- sprinkler systems were installed to secure the buildinging resulted in a number of distinct advantages.It was for school occupancy. possible to offer programs a short time after the presi- dent was appointed and, thus, students who otherwise could not have continued their education were enabled General Comments' to do so.By being able to add classrooms and labora- tories both economically and as need arose, the junior At present there are no definite plans for use of thecollege was able to institute new vocational programs, interim facilities housed in the factory building whenexpand its enrollment, and accommodate new teaching Rhode Island Junior College moves to its first perma-methods with a minimum cost.The development of nent facilities, specialized instructional facilities in temporary quarters he Knight Campus, currently beinghas brought valuable experience to the faculty and ad- planned for a 200-acre site in Warwick.Enthusiasticministration and an increased awareness of the prob- reaction has been received from students and parentslems involved in designing and constructing modern of students who have attended the institution during its teaching facilities.This knowledge has been a distinct occupancy of the temporary facilitiesin downtownadvantage in planning for permanent campus facilities. Providence.News media and citizens from all walks The most important disadvantage in utilizing this of life who have viewed the renovated facilities haveapproach involved the difficulty in renovating facilities reacted favorably. that were not previously designed for education.
- AV
23 EL CENTRC COLLEGE ,.
DALLAS COUNTY JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT
Chancellor Bill J. Priest district. In the same election, citizens authorized a bond issue of $41,500,000 and named a seven member board Architect Ens lie Oglesby of trustees to govern the district.On August 4, 1965, Type of Interim Facility the board approved the appointment of Bill J. Priest Renovated one block, eight-story building complex with as president and chief executiveofficer of the district. adjacent one block parking lot The Dallas County Junior College District encom- Maximum Number of Students Using Facility passes all of Dallas County, an areaof approximately Day program 3,116 900 square miles, with a 1967 population of approxi- Evening program 2,395 mately 1.3 million.It includes the city of Dallas, the Square Footage Available state's second ranking city in population and commer- Gross 240,000 cial importance and the ninth U.S. city in population. Net 156,000 In addition, there are four island communities within
Costs the city of Dallas and another twenty-four cities and Facility and site $2,150,000 towns surrounding Dallas. Renovations 3,749,849 Equipment and furnishings 1,429,271 On March 15, 1966, the board of trustees approved the purchase of two adjacent city blocks in downtown Time Lapse Between Employment of President and Starting Classes Dallas as the site for the district's first college, to be Day program 13 months named El Centro.Plans for remodeling the El Centro Evening program 13 months College building provided for the work to be substan- tially completed in 100 calendar days, by September The new Dallas County Junior College system was19, and the fall semester began on schedule in partial born May 25, 1965, when property owners of thefacilities with initial enrollment of 2,007 day students 24 county voted by a margin of three to one to create theand 1,732 evening students. The college and the contractor shared the buildinglounge furniture and live plants.Wide archways lead during the entire first academic year with the remain-from the lounge into the cafeteria on one side and into ing areas of the building placed in operation on thethe bookstore on the other.Stairways connect the following dates: library, October 14; science labs, No-lounge with the basement student center which fea- vember 14; main lobby, bookstore, and culinary artstures "key hole" conversation areas, television lounges, lab, January 4, 1967; district offices, February 1; snackbilliards and ping pong, a snack bar, and additional bar, February 16; cafeteria, March 2. lounge areas. On June 30, 1967, the board awarded the second Interior classrooms allow a controlled atmosphere remodeling contract to increase the capacity of the'exccpt where exterior light was deemed desirable be- college for the sophomore year and to correct certaincause of the type of use of the classroom.Corridor deficiencies. Work was substantially completed bycirculation around the periphery of the building per- September 15, before the second year of classes beganmits good views of the city from all classroom floors. with an enrollment of 3,116 students in the day programIn addition to three sets of stairways connecting all and 2,395 students at night. floors, the building is served by eight manually op- El Centro College is organized as a comprehensiveerated elevators reclaimed from the existing building community college.In additiontolower-divisionand reconditioned and redecorated.The following transfer education, El Centro trains young people forstatistical summary presents information concerning employment in approximately twenty-five widely di-building functions and capacities: versified occupations, including such areas as registered nursing, data processing, drafting, electronics, culinary Physical Plant Size; Facilities Included: arts, midmanagement, secretarial, pattern drafting and draping, chemical technology, and dental assisting. Total square footage. 240,000 (3 floors @ 40,000 square feet, 6 floors @ 20,000 square feet plus upper floors of old building used for storage) Description of the Interim Campus Ninth floor district offices 9,000 The downtown area of the city of Dallas is near the Total lecture and seminar classrooms geographical center of the county and is served by ex- (floors 2 through 7) 33 cellent public transportation with lines extending into Total laboratory and activity clazsrooms all areas of the county like spokes from the hub of a (floors 3 through 8) 35 wheel. To serve the entire county until additional Total student stations lecture and seminar 1,532 colleges could be built, an inner-city location was se- Total student stations laboratory and activity 948 lected, at the crossroads of the public transportation Total student stations 2,480 lines, with virtually every transportation route in the Library seating capacity including listening county passing immediately adjacent to the college. area (approximately) 240 El Centro College is housed in a five to nine-story Library book capacity (volumes) 30,000 building complex, which is actually four separate inter- Cafeteria seating capacity (approximately) 400 connected buildings, covering one city block.Three of the buildings were built in the 1870's and 1880's; the Other Facilities fourth was built about 1914.In addition to the one block,eight-story building complex which formerly Campus administrative offices housed a department store, there is also an adjacent Bookstore one block parking lot. Lounge The visitor arriving at El Centro College enters a Basement student center spacious and colorful lobby, furnished with attractive Miscellaneous auxiliary spaces 25 Physical Plant Costs: ient access to utility distribution lines.All classroom, Original remodeling contract, including library, and lounge spaces were carpeted. change orders (approximately) $3,300,000 General Comments Second remodeling contract, including change orders 126,349 El Centro College is expected to become a perma- Equipment, built-ins, furniture 1,429,271 nent inner-city campus for the Dallas County Junior Architect's fees (approximately) 293,500 College District. A long-range master plan is being Subtotal (approximately) $5,179,120 developed to provide for expansion of the college to Cost of site 2,150,000 include new high-rise construction, occupying the ad- Total expenditure for El Centro College (approximately) $7,329,120 jacent block and replacing at least the older sections of the present college building complex.This master plan will include provisions for facilities which the The older buildings had load bearing masonry wallspresent building cannot accommodate, such as a little The newer building was with wooden floor structures. theater or auditorium, gymnasium, and swimming pool. of steel frame construction with concrete structuralIt is possible that the total present facility will even- floors. Finished materials were primarily masonry. The treatment given to the exteriors was designed totually be replaced with new construction. differentiate them architecturally in order to convey Subjective analyses of community and student reac- the image of a college campus comprised of separatetions suggest that the facility has been extremely well buildings.The older buildings were painted contrast-received. Virtually all comment has been positive. The ing colors and the newer sections given a steam andpress has been outspoken in its praise andthe college acid cleaning treatment to restore their original ap-appears to have engendered a widespreadfeeling of pearance.The ornamental terra cotta which trimmedpride on the part of the citizenry and the students. the exterior was restored. The advantages of the method used by El Centro The major change to the exterior involved a set backCollege include the fact that the institution was able to of the first floor wall of the newer building on threeprovide services soon after it was approved.The ap- sides to create the effect of a wide sidewalk, mergingproach also consolidated the operation into a single with an arcade. An attractive selection of contemporaryunit providing operational efficiency and the feeling of finishing materials, along with extensive areas of glass,cohesiveness among all facets of the new organization. created a transition effect from the restored exterior ofIn addition, the college gained an identity in the com- a turn-of-the-century building, to a verymodern in-munity as a collegiate institution with tangibility and terior.Tubbed live oaks and yaupon holly trees pro-community visibility. vide landscaping for the exterior.The arcade is fur- There were also some disadvantages. The approach nished with concrete benches. A new overhang wasinvolved decision making at a pace and on a scale that built on the ninth floor to frame the view and shade themight have led to a disproportionately high percentage new district offices and terraces.This also restoredof errors.It is also possible that expenditures were the termination shadow line of the original cornice. higher than they would have been had there been more The interior of the building was virtually gutted andtime for additional study and less demand for immedi- rebuilt with new materials, using a metal stud, dry wallate solutions. The approach also involved a calculated system for partitioning.Drop ceilings were designedrisk concerning possible public reaction.Fortunately, of removable acoustical tile panels suspended in a metalsuch reaction, when it came, confirmed the soundness grid system with ample crawl space above for conven-of the basic decision.
26 R CK VALLE COLLEGE
President Clifford G. Erickson Rock Valley College was established byvoter refer- Architects endum on October 10, 1964, as the outgrowthof Interim campus and Ernest J. Kump Associates months of study by public spirited membersof the Permanent campus C. Edward Ware & Associates community.The college board was elected in No- Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, vember 1964, and immediately began their search for Kramer & Gordon a president.Their quest ended in April 1965, when Type of Interim Facility Clifford G. Erickson, formerly executive dean of Chi- Renovated farm buildings and short-term construction of cago City Junior College, was named president. permanent facilities The college is located in Rockford, Illinois, thesec- Maximum Number of Students Using Facility ond largest city in the state, serving virtually allof Do program 2,200 Winnebago and Boone counties, as wellas parts of Evening program 3,000 McHenry, DeKalb, Stevenson, and Ogle counties. The Square Footage Available district serves a population of approximately 250,000. Gross 38,000 Because of the board's commitment to open the col- Net 33,000 lege in the fall of 1965, temporary quarterswere sought Costs from community agencies.From the fall of 1965 Facility and site $540,000 through the spring of 1966, day classeswere held at Renovations to existing buildings 141,000 the Naval Reserve Training Center in Rockford, and Site improvement and new construction 807,000 evening classes were held at an area high school.The Equipment and furnishings 75,000 Rockford Public Library provided space for the college Time Lapse Between Employment of President and StartingClasses library, and physical education classeswere held in a Day program 5 months National Guard armory and the YWCA. A total of Evening program 5 months 1,064 students were served. 27 activities offices locatedupstairs By the fall of 1966, the interim campus,located oncounseling and student in the old hayloft.The former horse barnhas been the college's permanent site, wasready for occupancy. Book stacks served throughconverted for use as thecollege library. That fall, a total of 2,400 students were the first floor, and thereading room, ac- a combinationof renovated farm buildingsand theare located on By the fall ofcommodating approximatelyeighty students, is on the construction of four new buildings. The interior of the oldsilo is used for the 1967, the interim campusserved an enrollment ofsecond floor. display of studentart. Three smalleroutbuildings 3,028 students.Beginning with a first yearoffering of provide maintenance andstorage facilities. seven occupationaland thirteen transfercurriculums, One of the four newlyconstructed buildings contains Rock Valley has expandedits programs to provide special use opportunities for the resi-two faculty offices,general classrooms, and comprehensive educational language instruction, art,drafting, and typing. dents of the area. rooms for The second new buildingcontains a chemistrylabora- laboratory, a biology labora- Description of the Interim Campus tory, a physics-electronics tory, and a data processinglaboratory, all connected to The remaining two build- When the board purchasedthe 217-acre site for thea central storage preparea. of the city of Rockford,ings involving newconstruction contain facultyoffices. college in the northeast section bookstore. they found themselves inpossession of a large farmA relocatable building serves asa college farm structures, a home,Physical education continuesto be conductedin off- which contained the usual agencies. horse and dairy barns, andmiscellaneous outbuildings. campus facilitiesleased from community sound, it was decided to One of the most interestingaspects of thesolution Since the structures were all that incorporate them in the campusfacilities by remodeling.chosen by Rock ValleyCollege involves the fact existing board and battenfarm both new and pre-existingbuildings have been incorpo- The decision to use college. buildings exerted a controllinginfluence on the archi-rated in the overallbuilding program of the buildings that had to be con-The interim classroomlaboratory space will beulti- tectural style of the new maintenance and storage structed thr interim campus use.The four new build-mately converted for use as a an interimbasis ascenter.The interim campus andits parking combine ings were constructed to serve on buildings in an incon- classrooms, laboratories, andfaculty offices. Eventuallywith the projected permanent they will be utilized asthe maintenance and storagespicuous yet pleasing manner. center for the college. matching board and battenstyleGeneral Comments The new buildings of buildings will serve as the were constructed nearthe remodeled, pre-existingfarm In the future, the four new of the site.The areamaintenance and storage centerfor the college.The buildings on the southwest corner currently serving as student center involving the interim campushas been attractivelyland-remodeled buildings utilized for studen, dctivities.When scaped.All buildings on theinterim campus, both newand library will be the administrationbuilding becomes available,that and remodeled, are offrame construction. and meeting employed in remodel-space may beused for a faculty lounge Considerable imagination was relocatable building will bemoved from A former garage andwork-rooms. The ing existing farm buildings. the campus when the permanentstudent center is ready shop has been convertedfor use as an audio-tutorial The former farm homehas beenfor occupancy in thefall of 1969. biology laboratory. Community and studentreaction to the facilities has converted into offices formembers of the administra- People seem impressed with tive staff. A garage now servesas office spacefor thegenerally been favorable. has been at-the beauty of the campusand the efficient use of space. college registrar.The former dairy barn of visitors to the campusboth presently serves as the studentThere is a steady stream tractively decorated and during the week and onthe weekends when classes are center.Vending machines, foodservice, and lounge the building, withnot in session. 28 areas arelocated on the first floor of Rock Valley College's solution to the problem of in-all been designed for uses other than thoseto which terim facilities has a number of advantages. Pre-existingthey are presently being put. Asa consequence, some buildings were remodeled at a nominal cost and in- of the activities of the college must be carriedon under corporated into the overall buildingprogram of the college. The new buildings required for classroom andcircumstances that are less than ideal.Staff mem- laboratory space were constructed quickly andat abers of the college, however, donot consider this a nominal cost, yet thry, too, forman integral part ofmajor disadvantage and tend to balancetemporary in- the college building program.Consequently, there willconvenience against the fact thatmore than 3,000 stu- be no future expense for the demolition and removaldents are currently being served by the college. Many of these buildings. of these students would not have hadan opportunity The principal disadvantage to this type of solutionfor higher education had the college deferred itsopen- is that the facilities which the collegenow occupies haveing until permanent facilities had been constructed. S.
r
1w_
COMMUNITY V". COLLEGE
Richard C. Richardson, Jr. charter board of trustees was organized inJune of President 1966 and immediately began their searchfor a per- Architects Richardson, Jr., was appointed Coston-Wallace manent site. Richard C. Interim campus the first president of the college in February1967. Permanent campus Caudill Rowlett Scott Coston-Wal I ace Northampton County is located in theindustrial Type of Interim Facility Lehigh Valley, on the extreme easternborder of central Short-term construction of temporaryfacilities Pennsylvania, some seventy miles northof Philadelphia. Maximum Number of Students Using Facility of Lehigh and 850 The college district, which includes parts Day program 600 Bucks counties, serves a populationin excess of 200,000, Evening program a majority of whichis located in and around the princi- Square Footage Available Easton. 'Me economy is 30,000 pal cities of Bethlehem and Gross 21,000 diversified and includes the manufacture of steel,chemi- Net cals, textiles, cement, paper products,electronic com- Costs slate. $383,000 ponents, and the processing of Site Facility and site improvement 405,000 From the inception of the college,the board was Furnishings and equipment 318,000 committed to opening classes by fall1967.When a Time Lapse Between Employment ofPre3ident and Starting Classes thorough review of the area revealed noexisting facility 8 months Day program capable of supporting a day andevening program, the Evening program 8 months board turned its attention to otheralternatives.After a by the Junior Col- Northampton County Area CommunityCollege wasthorough study, a solution pioneered of concerted effort onlege District of St. Louis on itsMeramec Campus was founded in June 1966 as a result implementation because the part of the schooldistricts of Northampton Countyselected for modification and of its simplicity, low unit cost,and efficiency. 30 and the County Boardof School Directors.The The approach involved construction of temporaryprograms offered for developmentalstudents. The facilities utilizing specifications prepared by the archi-buildings and their functions include: tects. They were advertised for bids and erected by a A library building containing book stacks and reading local construction company. The concept was approvedarea with seating capacity ofninety-four students, as on February 15. Seven and one-half months later, anwell as language and learning laboratories including initial enrollment of 850 students was attending classes.dial access listening equipment. In addition, the build- The educational program of Northampton Countying contains counseling offices, a health suite, and a staff Area Community College is comprehensive and for fallconference-lounge area. Also included is a basic skills 1967 included eight technical and five transfer options.learning laboratory designed to permit individualized Due to a greater than anticipated initial enrollment,instruction for developmental students. plans have been made to construct one additional An administration building providing office space for building of approximately 3,000 square feet. The addi-the college staff as well as space for student records, a tion of this building to the existing campus will permitmachine room, and other necessaiy service facilities for the expansion of technical and transfer offerings andcampus administration. will accommodate the more than 1,200 full-time stu- An auxiliary service building including a student dents that the college is expected to serve during thecafeteria with food service from vending machines, a academic year immediately preceding completion of thebookstore, shipping and receiving, service and storage permanent campus. facilities. A lecture building including a large lecture hall for Dewription eh,: Inrcwn adWpU group instruction, a discussion classroomarranged with tables and chairs, and a business education laboratory The external appearance of the temporary campus iswith typewriters and business machines. enhanced by grouping buildings together to form land- A classroom building providing three thirty-five-sta- scaped courtyards, which do much to promote the aca-tion, standard classrooms, an electronics laboratory, and demic atmosphere foundintraditionalcampuses. a storage area for electronics and physics. Buildings are connected by covered walkways to give A science building including laboratory facilities for protection from inclement weather.Parking is pro-biology, chemistry, and physics. All laboratory facilities vided for approximately 550 faculty and student carsare equipped with modern equipmentdesigned for use and will be expanded to accommodate projected in-in subsequent phases of campus construction, as well as creases in enrollment. in the temporary facilities. Each building is of wood frame, semipermanent An engineering and graphics building providing space construction, having an anticipated life of more thanfor drawing courses, graphics, advertising art, and a ten years.Exterior surfaces are of textured plywoodthirty-five-station classroom. siding with steel doors and frames.Roofs have asphalt A service building providing a data processing labora- shingles. All floors are concrete slabs laid directly ontory and rest room facilities for the entire campus. grade. Interior walls and ceilings are of gypsum board, The new building that is planned for construction painted.Metal windows have operable sectionstofor the fall of 1968 will include three thirty-five-station provide natural ventilation. classrooms, a learning laboratory, and faculty offices. All exterior wall and ceiling cavities have been filledThe learning laboratory presently located in the library with bat insulationfor maximum protection fromwill be relocated and the space used for expansion of extreme weather. The entire complex is heated elec-library seating. trically; summer air-conditioning is provided inthe One of the most interesting aspects of the develop- administration areas only.Individual classrooms andment of this campus involves cost comparisons.The laboratories are planned to support the technical andprototype campus completed in St. Louis in 1963 cost transfer programs as well as the individualized learninga total of $441,750 for site improvementand construe- 31 tion. Four years later, in a period of dramaticallyrising There are a number of advantagesof this particular solution. The first involves theimpact upon the com- construction costs, the interim campus for Northampton of attractive and County Area Community Collegecost atotalofmunity of creating a ncw institution $412,241. While it is difficult to drawcomparisonsfunctional appearance in a shorterperiod of time than similar-anyone thought possible.The establishment of the between widely separated geographic areas, the material assistance in ity of cost figures would seem toconfirm the generalcollege in its own facilities is of well as the speed withconveying a sense of identification tothe students and a cost range for this approach as The short period which it may be implemented. collegiate image to the community. of time involved in implementingthe solution means ,,;pfrn13!, that the college can beginserving its community almost immediately. The relatively low costof this approach, County Area The interim campus at Northampton combined with the fact that itsimplementation was tied thirty-seven-acre Community College is located on a to an agreement whichguaranteed sufficient funds for section of the 165-acre permanent site.The portion facility, has made it from thethe development of the permanent occupied by the interim campus is separated possible for the college to avoidthe two problems of main site area by a hard surface road.As the perma-placing buildings on a site beforethe completion of nent campus develops onthe main site area, a pedes-the master plan, or of constructing amultipurpose trian bridge will be built over thehighway, connectingbuilding that must later be remodeled to aprimary Analy- the interim campus with the permanent campus. function. sis of the master plan indicateswalking time from the interim campus to the center of the permanent campus There are also a number ofdisadvantages. The for keeping all types of approximately six minutes. This willmake it possiblebasic concept of the campus calls for the interim campus to serve in anevolving fashion of space at a minimum. Consequently,classrooms and the permanent campus issupporting facilities, while adequate forthe existing over a period of ten years as by the time completed. enrollment, will become quite crowded the permanent facilityis completed.The emphasis The reaction of the community hasbeen highlyupon reducing costs makesit impossible to construct favorable. Support from public media hasbeen excel-facilities such as a gymnasium and atheater.This lent and the many people who have visitedthe campusmeans that certain aspectsof the program must rely have commented favorably on itscompleteness, theupon facilities obtainedfrom the community.Office its efficiency speed with which it was constructed, and space for facultyis also quite limited. designed. Student in terms of the job for which it was and students, how- reaction has been equally favorable, and presentindi- The general feeling of both staff cations would support the impression thatstudents areever, is that thesolution is excellent and that the identifying strongly with the college. advantages far outweigh any of thedisadvantages.
at"
32 -
f t
CYPRESS JUNIOR COLLEGE
NORTH ORANGE COUNTY JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT
President Daniel G. Walker in the North Orange County Junior College District. Architects William E. Blurock & Associates Normally the process of establishing a second campus Caudill Rowlett Scott takes three or four years, but in the recently formed, Type of Interim Facility enlarged junior college district of North Orange County, Prefabricated construction of relocatable it was obvious that events would have to move faster. permanent buildings The North Orange County Junior College District is
Maximum Number of Students Using Facility located southeast of Los Angeles and encompasses Day program 2,283 the cities of Fullerton, Anaheim, Buena Park, Cypress, Evening program 1,146 Stanton, Placentia, La Havra, Brea, Yorbalinda, La
Square Footage Available Palma, Los Alamitos, and Rossmoor. The present Grlss 70,596 population of the districtis approximately 450,000 Net 57,469 with a predicted increase by 1975 to 700,000. Costs Because of the necessary haste in forming a second Site $4,000,000 campus, the board of trustees elected to utilize relocat- Facility and site improvement 1,060,000 Furnishings and equipment able, temporary buildings for the new college until 350,000 permanent buildings could be constructed. The board Time Lapse Between Employment of President and Starting Classes* contracted with Modulux Inc. of Newark, California, Day program 6 months to erect nineteen buildings on the permanent site. Evening program 6 months
*Planning commenced six months prior to employment of president. Daniel G. Walker was employed as president of Cypress Junior College in January 1966 and began Following registration in 1965, it became quite ob-development of the instructional program in conjunction vious that Fullerton Junior College could not continuewith consultants, district officers, and faculty members to accon'modate the ever increasing number of studentsas they were employed. The basic campus was com- 33 pleted literally hours before the opening of school ontions for permanent buildings. Each has a projected September 12, 1966. The initial enrollment was 1,408useful life of forty years.Exterior walls are light students in the day and 663 in the extended day pro-colored, fiberglass reinforced plywood, while the struc- grams. tural steel framework is colored a deep bronze. Each In the ensuing year, work has gone on continuouslyroof is totally supported by steel columns with nonload- to improve the campus. Athletic fields, landscaping, andbearing walls. Doors, windows, and wall panels can the student center have been completed. In the sum-be easily rearranged to meet changing needs.The mer of 1967, a twentieth interimbuilding was con-interior walls are of a light beige colored vinyl. structed to house the new aeronautics and stewardess- Components inthebuilding system arefactory hostess program.In its second year of operation,finished and shipped ready forassembly.As an Cypress Junior College offered a full schedule of dayexample, the roof component combines insulation, programs to 2,283 students and extended day programselectrical conduits, and lighting fixtures in one unit. to 1,146 students. Classes are offered in thirty areasofThe ceiling grid component combines lighting lenses major academic study and in several vocational special-and acoustical tile. Buildings are completely wired with ties. Permanent facilities currently under constructionlighting fixtures, wall outlets, interior wall and floor will enable the college to expand its offerings in areascoverings, and plumbing as required. They are ready of vocational-technical education and general and adultfor use upon assembling. education.The ultimate emphasis will provide a truly When plans call for relocation of the campus, modules comprehensive program of instructional courses. can be easily transported by a lift truck or aflatbed trailer to another site and assembled into custom configura- ncsetipthm th, but wnpus tions to meet new and specialized requirements. In July 1966 the 112-acre site for Cypress Junior College was a barren field without water or power ra! facilities. Seventy-four days later, the unimproved land Reaction to the interim campus has been favorable had been converted into a finished campus, including body, and the buildings, parking areas, drives, and walks. The nine-on the part of the faculty, student general public.Future plans for the interim facility teen factory-manufactured buildings produced by Modu-depend upon a board decision regarding the opening lux Inc. comprise a large complex of classrooms, labo-of a third junior college campus. If there is sufficient ratories, administration offices, a health center, a book-planning time and if the third campus can begin with store, and a library.All buildings are air-conditionedpermanent buildings, the relocatable structures will be and all but the laboratories are fully cal peted. Thesesold. If the speed of opening the third campus makes facilities are part of a master plan which calls forit necessary, however, the relocatable structures will be "leap-frogging" the entire college campus to a new site within the next two to five years, as soon as fundsmoved to the new site and used there until permanent structures are built. permit completion of the permanent campus at Cypress. The buildings are comprised of 164 factory-manufac- The advantages of the relocatable campus include tured modular units, ten feet by thirty-two feet each; allspeed and flexibility of use. By beginning the program modules are designed to be combined to form buildingsin this type of facility, the faculty and the student body of the permanent struc- of varying configurations.The campus represents amay participate in the planning new building concept using structuralsteel and fiber-tures. glass reinforced plywood to create long-life structures There are two disadvantages to this approach.In which are highly flexible in usage. the first place, the finished appearance is not as aesthetic While the buildings at Cypress Junior College areas would be thecase with permanent structures. 34 relocatable, they are built to California State specifica-Secondly, the cost of the approach is not inexpensive.
_ BUTLER COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
President James D. Lawson the college in September 1966. James D. Lawson, the Architects Howard, Burt and Hill first president of the college, was elected by the board of trustees in September 1965. For several months during Type of Interim Facility Short-term construction of permanent facilities fall 1966, the future of the college was in question as the result of a legal suit questioning the constitutionality of Maximum Number of Students Using Facility the Community College Act of 1963. Following a fa- Day program 487 Evening program 335 vorable decision by the courts in January 1966, the college moved rapidly toward its September opening. Square Footage Available Grass 36,359 Butler County is located thirty miles north of Pitts- Net 23,633 burgh. In 1960, the population was 126,000, distributed Costs among thirteen townships and one city. Approximately Site $356,000 one-third of the population resides in and around Butler Facility and site improvement 654,498 City and Butler Township. The plan for opening the Equipment and furnishings 250,000 college called for classes to start in September 1966 Time Lapse Between Employment of President and Starting Classes in permanent facilities on the permanent site.The Day program 12 months 12 months college did, in fact, open three months and twenty-two Evening program days after securing the first seventeen acres of the Butler County Community College was officiallyeventual 288-acre site. In its first year of operation, the approved by the Department of Public Instruction ofcollege served 242 full-time students in the day and 190 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in April 1965. Bypart-time students at night. June of the same year, a board of trustees had been In order to accommodate an expanded enrollment appointed by the county commissioners and the firstwhich, in the fall of 1967, included 487 in the day steps had been taken that would lead to the opening ofprogram and 335 in the evening, additional facilities 35 were constructed, again using prefabricated components. The interior of Campus 67 is similarto Campus 66 The educational program served by "Campus 66" aridexcept that more carpeting is usedon the concrete "Campus 67" involves transfer programs, two-yearfloors, no concrete block wallsare exposed, and all terminal programs, one-year certificateprograms, andsteel bent units are concealed.Painted airl vinyl clusters of courses to meet either skillor interest needs.covered dry wall construction, stone, and roughsawn While 65 per cent of the studentswere enrolled inoak comprise the wall materials, with porc31ain enamel liberal arts the first year, the college hopes to achievepony walls being used for the low partitions between a 50-50 division between transferand vocationalthe faculty offices.The same type window units, steel offerings by the early 1970's. doors, and hollow metal frameswere used again for purposes of expediency. Description of the Interim Campus The three buildings that comprised Campus 66were The challenge presented to the architectural firm ofconnected by a covered walkway and grouped insuch Howard, Burt and Hill in April of 1966was to designa way as to form the court area.The two buildings of and construct a permanent facility withina period ofCampus 67 form a fourth side to the originalcourt five months. The plan called for attractive and func-area and are themselves connected by a court which tional buildings that would be an asset to the permanentfeatures exposed aggregate concrete paving, lowstone master plan.These would serve initially to house theretaining walls, and a roughsawn wood deck. The two entire college instruction program and would be suffi-buildings for Campus 67, like their forerunners,are ciently flexible to be converted at a later date to housecompletely free of interior bearing wallsor columns. the vocational-technical facilities for the college. In order to supplement the group of five buildings The solution involved the use of pre-engineeredcom-that will become a future vocational-technical cluster ponents, consisting of structural steel framework, gal-for the total campus, several existing buildingswere vanized steel roofing, and baked enamel insulated steelrenovated on a minor scale. These buildings included exterior wall panels. Despite the use of prefabricatedan inn, now being utilized for bookstore, receiving, components, approximately 80 per cent of the initialstorage, snack bar, and physical educational offices. facilities were constructed of typical custom materialsThe pro shop, which is a part of an existing nine-hole such as concrete floors, resilient tile and carpet floorgolf course that is included within the 288-acre site, finishes, interior painted concrete block walls,some has been utilized for physical education equipment interior brick walls, hollow steel door and windowstorage and distribution.An old residence on the units, acoustical tile ceilings, and fluorescent lighting.campus has been converted to the president's office. A gas fired boiler and standard classroom unit ventila- A major problem for the architects involved the tors were used as the basic heating system. Flexibilitylocation of buildings and parking in sucha way that for future revision of space utilizationwas achievedthey would relate to plans for the development of the through the avoidance of bearing wallsor columnsremainder of the campus. The site includes a stand of throughout the structures. mature hardwood trees on high ground adjacent to The expansion of facilities for the fall of 1967 againthe golf course. The first five buildingsare nestled in featured the use of prefabricated components, but theseand near the forest area. The new main roadwas were reduced to steel structure and galvanized steelthreaded up to the edge of the woods so that the framework only. The design philosophy of themasterapproach to the campus is between large oaks.In plan called for upgrading the finished materials,particu-order to salvage the large trees adjacent to the buildings, larly on the exterior, in order to providea transitionfloor levels were varied up to two feet to better adapt into the character of the maincampus. The use ofthe structures to the natural slope of the land. There rugged stone and roughsawn white oak is intended tois very little fill or adjustment around the perimeters of 36 accomplish this purpose. the buildings. The first 340-car parking lot was placed behind the Gcwral C'onunents trees to scfeen it from the approaches to the campus. Future lots are planned in such a way that the cars Community acceptance has been extremely favorable will not be visible from the main road below. As theas reflected in day and evening college enrollmentand campus grows to the northwest from its existing facili-by all other indices. Student reaction has been excel- ties, the golf course will provide a major asset to the lent in terms of classroom performance and appreciation physical education program. for programs and facilities. A strong esprit de corps The three buildings completed in 1966 are now usedhas developed among the student body with attendant as a math-science center, a library, and vocational-prioe in the institution. technical shops and labs.The two new buildings com- One important advantage of the solution utilized by pleted in 1967, embracing 15,000 square feet and moreButler was the establishment of the college image than 90 per cent customized, house two foreign lan-during the first year of operation and the ability to have guage laboratories, a learning center, faculty adminis-college life as an intep;ral part of the program. The trative and guidance offices, and six classrooms, includ- approach also made it possible to build for present and ing stage facilities which are used primarily for socialfuture needs within zt relatively short period of time science and English. A satellite student activities cen-and to avoid expending funds on a renovated facility ter of 2,300 square feet will be completed by Febru-that would have only temporary use. ary 1, 1968. Disadvantages included the fact that facilities were The buildings by their structure involve flexibility fornot fully operational on the first day of classes. It shor" change. They have been so wired and plumbed that theybe noted, also, that equipment shortages in limitta can be modified within and expanded without lr con- areas presented problems for a matter of weeks.In verted to serve the alternate functions that are a part offact, it takes less time to build colleges using prefabri- the master plan development. A special feature addedcated components than its does to equip them. A final to the general building area encompasses an intercan opusdisadvantage involved the fact that related student park now under development.Related playing fieldsrecreational and physical education facilities were lim- and courts are in use and under construction. ited to outdoor areas or off-campus rentals.
7- -51 ..or, raw 7
37 CONCLUSI
What is the best approach for a new institutionfor answers to such questions as physical facilities faced with the problem of finding facilities in which toand educational emphasis. begin an instructional program? It would appear that The acid test for any solution to the problem of the none of the solutions described iswithout disadvantages.interim campus is community acceptance.Conse- Each community must weigh the values of immediatequently, it may prove of some value to those who will service against the problems of investing scarce fundsface this challenge to know that none of the colleges in temporary solutions. reporting indicated any criticism of the solution em- The purpose of this report has been to present asployed. To the contrary, communities expressed pride much objective information about each approach toin the accomplishments of their new institutions.It the interim campus as possible.In this way, thosewould appear that, within reasonable limits, the com- communities which have yet to solve the problem maymunity will accept with enthusiasm any solution pro- have a realistic idea of the results that can be achievedposed that will place the college in service without with a given expenditure of resonrces.In the finalundue delay.It isthis enthusiastic acceptance and analysis, however, there is no substitute for the carefulgrateful appreciation which sustains Lilose who race 3 8 study of the community which the college will serveagainst time to provide a college experience now!