记裂齿目( 哺乳动物纲) 一新属 ———豫裂兽 ( Yuesthonyx Gen
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Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
Mammals from the Mesozoic of Mongolia
Mammals from the Mesozoic of Mongolia Introduction and Simpson (1926) dcscrihed these as placental (eutherian) insectivores. 'l'he deltathcroids originally Mongolia produces one of the world's most extraordi- included with the insectivores, more recently have narily preserved assemblages of hlesozoic ma~nmals. t)een assigned to the Metatheria (Kielan-Jaworowska Unlike fossils at most Mesozoic sites, Inany of these and Nesov, 1990). For ahout 40 years these were the remains are skulls, and in some cases these are asso- only Mesozoic ~nanimalsknown from Mongolia. ciated with postcranial skeletons. Ry contrast, 'I'he next discoveries in Mongolia were made by the Mesozoic mammals at well-known sites in North Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions America and other continents have produced less (1963-1971) initially led by Naydin Dovchin, then by complete material, usually incomplete jaws with den- Rinchen Barsbold on the Mongolian side, and Zofia titions, or isolated teeth. In addition to the rich Kielan-Jaworowska on the Polish side, Kazi~nierz samples of skulls and skeletons representing Late Koualski led the expedition in 1964. Late Cretaceous Cretaceous mam~nals,certain localities in Mongolia ma~nmalswere collected in three Gohi Desert regions: are also known for less well preserved, but important, Bayan Zag (Djadokhta Formation), Nenlegt and remains of Early Cretaceous mammals. The mammals Khulsan in the Nemegt Valley (Baruungoyot from hoth Early and Late Cretaceous intervals have Formation), and llcrmiin 'ISav, south-\vest of the increased our understanding of diversification and Neniegt Valley, in the Red beds of Hermiin 'rsav, morphologic variation in archaic mammals. which have heen regarded as a stratigraphic ecluivalent Potentially this new information has hearing on the of the Baruungoyot Formation (Gradzinslti r't crl., phylogenetic relationships among major branches of 1977). -
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 330 Thz Auerican Museum of NAITURAL HISTORY October 30, 1928 New York City
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 330 THz AuERicAN MusEUM oF NAITURAL HISTORY October 30, 1928 New York City 56.9,33 (117:51.7) AFFINITIES OF THE MONGOLIAN CRETACEOUS INSECTIVORES' BY GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON The unique series of Mesozoic mammal remains found by the Third Asiatic Expedition in Mongolia has now been completely de- scribed in a series of three papers.2 The affinities of the one known multituberculate, Djadochtatherium matthewi, were as thoroughly discussed as the material warrants in the first paper, and no additional remarks seem necessary. The relationships of the more important insectivores, however, were only briefly discussed in the second paper and a review of the evidence, especially including the important new details given in the third paper, suggests some modification and amplification of the views already presented. Not only are these mammal remains by far the most complete ever discovered in the Mesozoic, but they also occupy a very strategic position in time and in space which makes close scrutiny of their relationships essential. In time they occur in the Cretaceous, when, according to theories formed before their discovery and based largely on early Tertiary mammals, the differentiation of the placental orders should be in progress and not yet far advanced. In space they occur in Central Asia in or near the region which a number of students, especially Osborn and Matthew, have considered as an important center of radiation and probably the very one whence came the groups of mammals which appear to have entered North America and Europe suddenly at the beginning of the Tertiary and which must have been undergoing an important deployment during upper Cretaceous time. -
Paleontological Discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina
Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 21(2): 217-293, 2019 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) Paleontological discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina Fernando. E. NOVAS1,2, Federico. L. AGNOLIN1,2,3, Sebastián ROZADILLA1,2, Alexis M. ARANCIAGA-ROLANDO1,2, Federico BRISSON-EGLI1,2, Matias J. MOTTA1,2, Mauricio CERRONI1,2, Martín D. EZCURRA2,5, Agustín G. MARTINELLI2,5, Julia S. D´ANGELO1,2, Gerardo ALVAREZ-HERRERA1, Adriel R. GENTIL1,2, Sergio BOGAN3, Nicolás R. CHIMENTO1,2, Jordi A. GARCÍA-MARSÀ1,2, Gastón LO COCO1,2, Sergio E. MIQUEL2,4, Fátima F. BRITO4, Ezequiel I. VERA2,6, 7, Valeria S. PEREZ LOINAZE2,6 , Mariela S. FERNÁNDEZ8 & Leonardo SALGADO2,9 1 Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina - fernovas@yahoo. com.ar. 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina. 3 Fundación de Historia Natural “Felix de Azara”, Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BDB Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 Laboratorio de Malacología terrestre. División Invertebrados Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 5 Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 6 División Paleobotánica. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 7 Área de Paleontología. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA) Buenos Aires, Argentina. 8 Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (CONICET-INIBIOMA), Quintral 1250, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. -
New Data on the Skull and Dentition in the Mongolian Late Cretaceous Eutherian Mammal Zalambdalestes
NEW DATA ON THE SKULL AND DENTITION IN THE MONGOLIAN LATE CRETACEOUS EUTHERIAN MAMMAL ZALAMBDALESTES JOHN R. WIBLE Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 5800 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 e-mail: [email protected] MICHAEL J. NOVACEK Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History e-mail: [email protected] GUILLERMO W. ROUGIER Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 e-mail: [email protected] BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 281, 144 pp., 58 ®gures, 3 tables Issued January 9, 2004 Copyright q American Museum of Natural History 2004 ISSN 0003-0090 2 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 281 CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................... 3 Materials and Methods .......................................................... 5 History of Investigations ......................................................... 7 Comparative Morphology ....................................................... 17 Dentition ................................................................... 17 Upper Incisors ............................................................ 18 Upper Canine ............................................................. 21 Upper Premolars .......................................................... 22 Upper -
New Late Cretaceous Mammals of Southern Kazakhstan
New Late Cretaceous mammals of southern Kazakhstan ALEXANDER 0. AVERIANOV Averianov, A.O. 1997. New Late Cretaceous mammals of southern Kazakhstan. -Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42,2,243-256. Mammalian remains from the lower part of the Darbasa Formation (lower Campanian) at the 'Grey Mesa' locality in the Alymtau Range, southern Kazakhstan, are described. They include ?Bulganbaatar sp. (Multituberculata), Deltatheridiurn nessovi, sp. n. @el- tatheroida), and four eutherians: an undeterminated ?otlestid kemalestoid (?Otlestidae), ?Alymlestes sp. (Zalambdalestidae), ?Aspanlestes sp. (Zhelestidae), and an undetermi- nated eutherian. This new Cretaceous fauna is most similar to that from the Djadokhta Formation in Mongolia and may tentatively confirm an early Campanian age for the latter. Key w o r d s : Mammalia, Cretaceous, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. Alexander 0.Averianov [[email protected]. ru], Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia. Introduction Mesozoic mammals from Kazakhstan are poorly known. The first Mesozoic mammal from Kazakhstan (and the first from the former USSR), found in 1962, is a mandibular fragment with heavily damaged molars, the holotype of Beleutinus orl~vi(?Zalamb- dalestidae), from the Santonian Bostobe Formation at Zhalmauz Well, Kyzyl-Orda Region (Bazhanov 1972). Since that time only three additional mammal remains have been recognized from the Cretaceous of Kazakhstan: a cervical vertebra of a relatively large, undeterminated mammal from the Zhalmauz locality (Nessov & Khisarova 1988); a dentary fragment with p5, ml-3, the holotype of Sorlestes kara (Zhelestidae), from the drilling core penetrating lower Turonian deposits near Ashchikol' Lake, Chimkent Region (Nessov 1993); and a lower molar (ml), the holotype of Alymlestes kielanae (Zalambdalestidae) from the lower part (Campanian) of the Darbasa Forma- tion at the 'Grey Mesa' locality in the Alymtau Range, Chimkent Region (Averianov & Nessov 1995). -
Mammalian Faunal Succession in the Cretaceous of the Kyzylkum Desert
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Vol. 12, Nos. 1/2,C 2005)June 2005 ( DOI: 10.1007/s10914-005-4867-3 A number of typographical errors were introduced during copyediting. All that were found were corrected in this version. Mammalian Faunal Succession in the Cretaceous of the Kyzylkum Desert J. David Archibald1,3 and Alexander O. Averian2 ov Both metatherians and eutherians are known from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian, 125 mya; million years ago) of China, while eutherian-dominated mammalian faunas appeared in Asia at least by the earliest Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, 95 mya). The approximately 99–93 my old (Cenomanian) Sheikhdzheili l.f. from western Uzbekistan is a small sample of only eutherians, including three zhelestids and a possible zalambdalestoid. The much better-known 90 my old (Turonian) Bissekty l.f. at Dzharakuduk iin central Uzbekistan includes 15 named and un- named species, based on ongoing analyses. Of these, 12 are eutherians represented by at least the three groups—asioryctitheres, zalambdalestids, and zhelestids—plus an eutherian of uncertain position—Paranyctoides. Zalambdalestids and zhelestids have been argued to be related to the origin of the placental gliriforms (Euarchontoglires) and ferungulates (Laurasiatheria), respec- tively. Although there are four previously recognized metatherians, we believe three are referable to the deltatheroid Sulestes karakshi and the fourth, Sailestes quadrans, may belong to Paranyc- toides. There is one multituberculate and one symmetrodont in the Bissekty l.f. While comparably aged (Turonian) localities in North America have somewhat similar non-therians, they have more metatherians and no eutherians. The next younger localities (early Campanian, ∼80 mya) in North America have both a zhelestid and Paranyctoides, suggesting dispersal of eutherians from Asia. -
To Link and Cite This Article: Doi
Submitted: October 1st, 2019 – Accepted: June 8th, 2020 – Published online: June 11th, 2020 To link and cite this article: doi: https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.08.06.2020.3306 1 COTYLAR FOSSA, ITS INTERPRETATION AND FUNCTIONALITY. 2 THE CASE FROM SOUTH AMERICAN NATIVE UNGULATES 3 4 MALENA LORENTE1,2, 3 5 1 División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n B1900FWA, La 6 Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; [email protected]; 2 CONICET; 3 Facultad de Ciencias 7 Naturales y Museo 8 9 Number of pages: 21, 7 figures 10 Proposed header: LORENTE, COTYLAR FOSSA 1 11 12 Abstract. The cotylar fossa is a complex anatomical character in the astragalar medial malleolar 13 facet. It represents a dynamic relationship between the astragalus and the tibia in the upper tarsal 14 joint. The astragalus must accommodate the medial tibial malleolus when the tibia is in an extreme 15 flexion. It is one of the three morphological synapomorphies considered for Afrotheria, although it 16 is also a recurrent trait among different groups of mammals. Here, fossil South American Native 17 Ungulates and extant mammals were surveyed to reevaluate how much this character is spread and 18 how variable it is. Beyond afrotherians, it is observed that it also appears in primates, macropodid 19 marsupials, laurasiatherian archaic ungulates, perissodactyls, pantodonts, and dinoceratans; it is also 20 in some but not all of the extinct endemic ungulates from South America. No function has been 21 suggested before for the presence of a cotylar fossa. The cotylar fossa could be an adaptation to a 22 passive, rest related posture. -
Chriacus: New Insight Into the Neurosensory System and Evolution of Early Placental Mammals
Edinburgh Research Explorer Virtual endocranial and inner ear endocasts of the Paleocene ‘condylarth’ Chriacus: New insight into the neurosensory system and evolution of early placental mammals Citation for published version: Bertrand, O, Shelley, SL, Wible, JR, Williamson, TE, Holbrook, LT, Chester, SGB, Butler, I & Brusatte, S 2019, 'Virtual endocranial and inner ear endocasts of the Paleocene ‘condylarth’ Chriacus: New insight into the neurosensory system and evolution of early placental mammals', Journal of Anatomy, vol. 236, no. 1, pp. 21-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13084 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1111/joa.13084 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Journal of Anatomy General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 1 Virtual endocranial and inner ear endocasts of the Paleocene ‘condylarth’ 2 Chriacus: New insight into the neurosensory system and evolution of early 3 placental mammals 4 Short running page heading: Virtual endocranial and inner ear endocasts of Chriacus 5 6 Ornella C. -
CHAPTER 4Demise of the Dinosaurs Why Did the Dinosaurs Vanish? One
CHAPTER 4Demise of the Dinosaurs Why did the dinosaurs vanish? One popular account is a simplistic story of a colliding object from space as the only cause of extinction. The true story is much more complicated and much more interesting. This Is the End Dinosaurs ruled the earth at the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 66 Ma. They did so for more than 120 million years. During all this time, they were preeminently successful around the world. In North America, the Late Cretaceous dinosaurs included the most famous dinosaur, Tyrannosaurus rex, as well as the three- horned Triceratops and other horned dinosaurs, turtle like armored ankylosaurs, and lots of different kinds of duck-billed dinosaurs— but very few long- necked sauropods, which we saw in the pre- vious chapter. No sauropods are found in the Upper Cretaceous beds of Montana or Wyoming, and only the titanosaur Alamosaurus is known from the Late Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. In South America, there are numerous fossil assemblages of latest Cretaceous age, especially in Patagonia. These fossils are very similar to those of other Gondwana landmasses, such as India and Madagascar, but very different from those in North America. In contrast to North America and Asia, there were no horned dinosaurs such as Triceratops in South America. Instead of the rare sauropods that we see in North America, there were abundant titanosaurs in South America. Some, such as Puertasaurus and Laplatasaurus, were not much smaller that the gigantic Argentinosaurus from the middle part of the Cretaceous (about 93 Ma). -
Extant Taxa Stem Frogs Stem Turtles Stem Lepidosaurs Stem Squamates
Stem Taxa - Peters 2016 851 taxa, 228 characters 100 Eldeceeon 1990.7.1 91 Eldeceeon holotype 100 Romeriscus Ichthyostega Gephyrostegus watsoni Pederpes 85 Eryops 67 Solenodonsaurus 87 Proterogyrinus 100 Chroniosaurus Eoherpeton 94 72 Chroniosaurus PIN3585/124 98 Seymouria Chroniosuchus Kotlassia Stem 58 94 Westlothiana Utegenia Casineria 84 81 Amphibamus Brouffia 95 72 Cacops 93 77 Coelostegus Paleothyris 98 Doleserpeton 84 91 78 100 Gerobatrachus Hylonomus Rana Archosauromorphs Protorothyris MCZ1532 95 66 98 Adelospondylus 85 Protorothyris CM 8617 89 Brachydectes Protorothyris MCZ 2149 Eocaecilia 87 86 Microbrachis Vaughnictis Pantylus 80 89 75 94 Anthracodromeus Elliotsmithia 90 Utaherpeton 51 Apsisaurus Kirktonecta 95 90 86 Aerosaurus 96 Tuditanus 67 90 Varanops Stem Frogs 59 94 Eoserpeton Varanodon Diplocaulus Varanosaurus FMNH PR 1760 100 Sauropleura 62 84 Varanosaurus BSPHM 1901 XV20 88 Ptyonius 89 Archaeothyris 70 Scincosaurus Euryodus primus Ophiacodon 74 82 84 Micraroter Haptodus 91 Rhynchonkos 97 82 Secodontosaurus Batropetes 85 76 100 Dimetrodon 97 Sphenacodon Silvanerpeton Ianthodon 85 Edaphosaurus Gephyrostegeus bohemicus 99 Stem100 Reptiles 80 82 Ianthasaurus Glaucosaurus 94 Cutleria 100 Urumqia Bruktererpeton Stenocybus Stem Mammals 63 97 Thuringothyris MNG 7729 62 IVPP V18117 82 Thuringothyris MNG 10183 87 62 71 Kenyasaurus 82 Galechirus 52 Suminia Saurorictus Venjukovia 99 99 97 83 70 Cephalerpeton Opisthodontosaurus 94 Eodicynodon 80 98 Reiszorhinus 100 Dicynodon 75 Concordia KUVP 8702a Hipposaurus 100 98 96 Concordia -
A Survey of Cenozoic Mammal Baramins
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 8 Print Reference: Pages 217-221 Article 43 2018 A Survey of Cenozoic Mammal Baramins C Thompson Core Academy of Science Todd Charles Wood Core Academy of Science Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Thompson, C., and T.C. Wood. 2018. A survey of Cenozic mammal baramins. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 217–221. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Thompson, C., and T.C. Wood. 2018. A survey of Cenozoic mammal baramins. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 217–221, A1-A83 (appendix). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. A SURVEY OF CENOZOIC MAMMAL BARAMINS C. Thompson, Core Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1076, Dayton, TN 37321, [email protected] Todd Charles Wood, Core Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1076, Dayton, TN 37321, [email protected] ABSTRACT To expand the sample of statistical baraminology studies, we identified 80 datasets sampled from 29 mammalian orders, from which we performed 82 separate analyses.