Stem Taxa - Peters 2016 851 taxa, 228 characters 100 Eldeceeon 1990.7.1 91 Eldeceeon holotype 100 Romeriscus Ichthyostega Gephyrostegus watsoni Pederpes 85 Eryops 67 Solenodonsaurus 87 Proterogyrinus 100 Chroniosaurus Eoherpeton 94 72 Chroniosaurus PIN3585/124 98 Seymouria Chroniosuchus Kotlassia Stem 58 94 Westlothiana Utegenia Casineria 84 81 Amphibamus Brouffia 95 72 Cacops 93 77 Coelostegus Paleothyris 98 Doleserpeton 84 91 78 100 Gerobatrachus Hylonomus Rana Archosauromorphs Protorothyris MCZ1532 95 66 98 Adelospondylus 85 Protorothyris CM 8617 89 Brachydectes Protorothyris MCZ 2149 Eocaecilia 87 86 Microbrachis Vaughnictis Pantylus 80 89 75 94 Anthracodromeus Elliotsmithia 90 Utaherpeton 51 Apsisaurus Kirktonecta 95 90 86 Aerosaurus 96 Tuditanus 67 90 Varanops Stem Frogs 59 94 Eoserpeton Varanodon Diplocaulus Varanosaurus FMNH PR 1760 100 Sauropleura 62 84 Varanosaurus BSPHM 1901 XV20 88 Ptyonius 89 Archaeothyris 70 Scincosaurus Euryodus primus Ophiacodon 74 82 84 Micraroter Haptodus 91 Rhynchonkos 97 82 Secodontosaurus Batropetes 85 76 100 Dimetrodon 97 Sphenacodon Silvanerpeton Ianthodon 85 Edaphosaurus Gephyrostegeus bohemicus 99 Stem100 Reptiles 80 82 Ianthasaurus Glaucosaurus 94 Cutleria 100 Urumqia Bruktererpeton Stenocybus Stem Mammals 63 97 Thuringothyris MNG 7729 62 IVPP V18117 82 Thuringothyris MNG 10183 87 62 71 Kenyasaurus 82 Galechirus 52 Suminia Saurorictus Venjukovia 99 99 97 83 70 Cephalerpeton Opisthodontosaurus 94 Eodicynodon 80 98 Reiszorhinus 100 Dicynodon 75 Concordia KUVP 8702a Hipposaurus 100 98 96 Concordia KUVP 96/95 Biarmosuchus Romeria primus 100 Titanophoneus 74 Romeria texana 100 Procynosuchus Protocaptorhinus 66 100 Thrinaxodon Paracaptorhinus Stem99 86 94 Probainognathus Eocaptorhinus 100 96 95 Chiniquodon 99 Captorhinus Castorocauda 96 Labidosaurus Haldanodon Liaoconodon 100 Limnoscelis 91 Pachygenelus Orobates 94 Oligokyphus Lepidosaurmorpha 83 Kayentatherium 79 Tseajaia 100 100 98 Tetraceratops Tritylodon 94 Spinolestes Milleretta RC14 100 Jeholodens Milleretta RC70 93 97 Gobiconodon 79 Feeserpeton Repenomamus robustus 90 76 50 Australothyris Repenomamus giganticus 99 Eocasea 73 Heleosaurus Delorhynchus 81 Mycterosaurus FMNH UC169 85 Microleter 99 Yanoconodon 72 91 Nikkasaurus 97 Acleistorhinus 100 Sinoconodon Eunotosaurus 79 81 Mesenosaurus PIN 158/1 Docodon 88 Oedaleops 94 Niaftasuchus Amphitherium 84 Eothyris 85 100 <50 73 88 Kuehneotherium 91 Colobomycter vaughni Archaeovenator <50 81 Akidolestes Colobomycter pholeter 95 Orovenator 99 Datheosaurus 67 Ornithorhynchus 81 Pyozia 62 Ennatosaurus 87 Megazostrodon 74 100 Broomia 84 Casea Hadrocodium 89 Milleropsis BPI-720 Cotylorhynchus Juramaia 98 Erpetonyx 99 98 Diadectes CM25471 99 Cronopio 71 Silvadectes absitus MNG 8853 92 Acristatherium 71 Didelphis 67 92 Phonodus Eudibamus 96 Ukhaatherium Bolosaurus 100 Aphelosaurus Belebey 100 80 94 Eomaia 92 Petrolacosaurus 98 Oradectes sanmiguelensis Araeoscelis Agilodocodon Diadectes UC706 58 Spinoaequalis Diadectes sideropelicus 52 87 Galesphyrus Arctocyon 65 90 57 94 Youngina BPI 3859 Thylacinus Procolophon 85 Acerosodontosaurus 60 Borhyaena 69 98 911 Scolaparia NSM 99 GF82.1 Thadeosaurus 95 98 Leptopleuron 72 85 96 Hyaenodon 100 Tangasaurus 78 Ernanodon 99 Pentaedrusaurus Hovasaurus 83 Thylacosmilus Hypsognathus 90 Claudiosaurus 87 76 87 Oxyaena Adelosaurus 81 83 Vincelestes Stephanospondylus 100 98 Atopodentatus 91 Anebodon 87 Provelosaurus 100 Largocephalosaurus 86 Deltavjatia KPM232 Sinosaurosphargis Notoryctes 76 Scutosaurus 89 Dromiciops 100 Bradysaurus NHMW Anarosaurus 89 Balbaroo 99 95 65 66 Anthodon Diandongosaurus Macropus Pumiliopareia <50 86 77 Palatodonta Thylacoleo 98 Pappochelys 55 Arganaceras Vombatus 99 Majiashanosaurus <50 74 Paraplacodus 79 91 Interatherium Sclerosaurus 97 <50 68 Odontochelys Placodus inexpectatus Vintana 91 72 99 83 Trionyx 97 Placodus gigas 100 Toxodon Stem Turtles 98 96 98 Henodus Pyrotherium Ocepechelon 100 Placochelys Bunostegos Cyamodus Asioryctes 73 Elginia 84 64 Pachypleurosaurus Monodelphis domestica 67 Niolamia 91 Cartorhynchus 69 57 92 Docofossor Meiolania Qianxisaurus 93 80 89 87 Proterochersis 94 Keichousaurus Volaticotherium Proganochelys 85 Dianmeisaurus Nandinia 97 67 77 Mongolochelys 57 Hanosaurus Deltatherium Chubutemys 79 Lariosaurus 94 88 Vulpavus 86 59 Corosaurus 62 Alcidedorbignya Kayentachelys 90 Nothosaurus 53 Santanachelys 68 Protictis 99 89 Wangosaurus Chelonia 81 Talpa 91 60 Simosaurus 82 92 Macrochelys temminckii 85 Anningsaura Herpestes 83 76 Terrapene carolina 92 Pistosaurus Procyon 93 Pelomedusa 81 Yunguisaurus 99 99 Plesiosaurus 77 100 Palaeosinopa Foxemys 75 100 100 Trinacromerum 74 Phoca 99 Brachauchenius Canis 93 Bashkyroleter Kronosaurus Hyopsodus 72 97 Macroleter Miacis 72 Emeroleter 61 Psilotrachelosaurus 75 69 PIMUZ AIII 0192 Lanthanosuchus 95 Maotherium sinensis 89 96 SMF R 4710 96 Nyctiphruretus holotype 96 Stereosternum Maotherium asiaticus Nyctiphruretus PIN 4659/1 99 Brazilosaurus holotype Tupaia 78 76 54 Mesosaurus ?Hapalodectes IVPP V5235 Saurodectes 97 79 Serpianosaurus Macroscelides 85 Owenetta rubidgei 94 Concavispina 62 <50 Chrysochloris 74 Owenetta kitchingorum 83 98 Xinpusaurus kohi 56 77 Scutisorex Candelaria Xinpusaurus suni 96 Apatemys 55 87 Thalattosaurus 90 93 100 100 79 Endennasaurus Trogosus 97 Barasaurus Clarazia Zalambdalestes Askeptosaurus 63 84 Kitchingnathus 83 ?Hapalodectes IVPP V12385 Santaisaurus 68 Anshunsaurus 85 100 99 52 57 Solenodon Sauropareion 100 Miodentosaurus 100 Eusaurosphargis 93 Henkelotherium Coletta 100 Helveticosaurus 75 Nambaroo 99 Paliguana Vancleavea 100 Gomphos 86 Sophineta Oryctolagus Wumengosaurus 76 94 98 Saurosternon Thaisaurus 64 Erinaceus 92 Palaegama Xinminosaurus Brachyerix 93 Utatsusaurus Jesairosaurus 93 72 Carpolestes 99 95 98 Shastasaurus alexandrae Hypuronector 87 Shastasaurus pacificus UCMP 9017 <50 66 Paulchoffatia 99 98 Plesiadapis Vallesaurus Eohupehsuchus brevicollis 55 85 99 97 Parahupehsuchus Taeniolabis 77 Megalancosaurus 96 97 Hupehsuchus 85 70 Shenshou Tridentinosaurus 84 Grippia Paramys 98 88 Mikadocephalus 100 70 94 Coelurosauravus Rattus Mecistotrachelos 79 YGMIRSPCV03108 92 62 Parvinatator 57 Mus Lanthanolania 86 94 Chaohusaurus 97 Kryptobataar Icarosaurus 79 Besanosaurus Ptilodus 97 Qianichthyosaurus CMNH V1412 100 100 Kuehneosaurus Rugosodon 64 Qianichthyosaurus IVPP V11839 80 Stem Lepidosaurs Xianglong Phalarodon fraasi Megaconus 53 91 100 Megachirella 94 Contectopalatus 'Phalarodon' nordenskioeldii Ptilocercus Pleurosaurus <50 96 Mixosaurus Notharctus Marmoretta 57 66 Cymbospondylus petrinus 58 92 Proconsul 86 Gephyrosaurus Shonisaurus sikanniensis 100 96 Ankylosphenodon Stem 92 Guanlingsaurus GNG dq-50 55 Homo sapiens 82 91 Paleopleurosaurus 52 Guanlingsaurus YGMR SPC V03107 97 Palaechthon 98 Planocephalosaurus Wimania Cynocephalus 73 73 Heleosuchus Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae IVPP V 11853 Chriacus 98 84 'Cymbospondylus' buchseri 52 51 61 Kallimodon 63 79 Sphenodon Shonisaurus popularis 93 Onychonycteris Ichthyosaurus communis 53 Pteropus 85 Brachyrhinodon 91 Clevosaurus Ophthalmosaurus Zhangheotherium 88 90 Archosaurs 71 90 Sphenotitan Leptonectes tenuirostris Metachcheiromys 75 Hauffiopteryx 100 Leptosaurus 76 87 Manis 55 89 BRLSI M1399 98 Sapheosaurus Eurhinosaurus 55 Noteosuchus Maelestes 99 Trilophosaurus 58 Anagale Azendohsaurus Youngina SAM K7710 69 97 Youngina BPI 375 <50 Leptictis 60 Eohyosaurus 88 Rhynchocyon 66 Mesosuchus Prolacerta AMNH 9502 59 <50 70 Andrewsarchus Priosphenodon 78 85 Malerisaurus 78 96 Rhynchosaurus articeps Prolacerta BPI 1/471 53 Sinonyx 95 73 Protorosaurus NHMW 1943I4* Hemicentetes 93 Bentonyx 58 90 Leptictidium Leptictidium Hyperodapedon 87 98 Boreopricea 90 Jaxtasuchus Maiacetus Maiacetus 90 88 Tijubina Protorosaurus NMK S 180 Orcinus Homoeosaurus macrodactylus 65 89 99 Protorosaurus WMsN P47361 Onychodectes 96 Huehuecuetzpalli Pamelaria 93 Ectoconus Pantolambda 61 Macrocnemus BES SC 111 Youngina TM 3603 Macrocnemus T2472 100 Youngopsis rubidgei RC90 72 Barylambda 98 79 Dinocephalosaurus Youngopsis kitchingi TM1490 74 Glyptodon 63 Langobardisaurus Youngoides RC91 95 76 100 Tanytrachelos Paramylodon 62 87 Youngina AMNH 5561 95 Triopticus 52 71 Bradypus Youngoides UC1528 91 Tanystropheus k and q 82 60 Peltephilus Cosesaurus Orycteropus 99 89 Proterosuchus BPI 1 4016 80 99 Kyrgyzsaurus Dasypus 70 Sharovipteryx 87 100 Chasmatosaurus QR 880C.500 75 Tamandua Stem 93 95 100 Longisquama 91 Chasmatosaurus SAM PK 11208 60 94 Chasmatosaurus TM 201 Cyclopes MPUM6009 pterosaur 75 97 Proterosuchus RC96 Eudimorphodon 95 98 Chasmatosaurus NMQR 1484 95 Meniscotherium 100 Preondactyluis 71 Teyujagua Astrapotherium Elaphrosuchus RC59 Dimorphodon Phenacodus 64 Thomashuxleya Squamates84 93 Proterosuchus SAMPKK10603 Bavarisaurus 57 Gobiatherium Doswellia 58 96 Lacertulus 89 Arsinoitherium Daohugou lizard IVPP V13747 86 97 Youngina BPI 2871 61 71 83 Coryphodon Meyasaurus Elachistosuchus 99 87 Uintatherium Carusia 98 94 Tchoiria 100 Hoyalacerta 91 97 Ikechosaurus 98 IPB R 535 100 Champsosaurus Mesonyx 62 88 <50 94 Homoeosaurus solnhofensis Simoedosaurus 99 Harpagolestes Cteniogenys 89 99 IVPP V14386 99 Ocepeia Dalinghosaurus Philydrosaurus 66 Hippopotamus 57 97 Lazarussuchus 81 87 Anthracobune Anthracobune MFSN 19235 94 Hyphalosaurus 100 91 64 Paleoparadoxia Paleoparadoxia Scandensia 100 Monjurosuchus GMV216 Monjurosuchus NMM3671 Janjucetus 97 Calanguban Balaenoptera ZC Bu1803 - amber 95 96 Diandongosuchus <50 95 Homalodotherium 93 Teraterpeton Miocochilius 69 74 Liushusaurus 80 91 Mesorhinosuchus Protypotherium Purbicella 100 Paleorhinus 100 97 Euposaurus 81 Parasuchus Ectocion Iguana 57 Chanaresuchus 77 90 Proterochampsa PVSJ 77 <50 Stylinodon 100 Trioceros 92 76 83 Proterochampsa PVSJ606 Procavia 76 Phrynosoma 67 Basiliscus Pseudochampsa PVSJ 567 Dusisiren 61 90 Gualosuchus 89 100 Draco volans 88 Elephas 64 Cerritosaurus <50 Chlamydosaurus 94 Tropidosuchus PVL 4601 Ancodus 95 94 Anthracotherium Acanthodactylus 95 Tropidosuchus PVL 4602 67 63 61 Lagerpeton Micromeryx 98 Eolacerta 100 Tupinambis <50 Giraffa Heptadon 54 100 Slavoia holotype ZPAL MgR-I/8 Euparkeria SAM PK K6047A 86 53 Slavoia ZPAL MgR-III/77 82 Euparkeria SAM PK K5867 <50 Tapirus 82 Osmolskina Chalicotherium 98 Macrocephalosaurus 81 Tianyusaurus 94 Tasmaniosaurus 89 Theosodon 99 Revueltosaurus Macrauchenia 91 94 Fugusuchus Tchingisaurus Garjainia 72 97 Gekko smithii 97 Erythrosuchus 100 99 Luperosuchus Lialis 70 96 Shansisuchus 91 96 Gekko gecko Eublepharis 100 Riojasuchus Ornithosuchus Norellius 100 66 Ardeosaurus 84 Vjushkovia 86 Prestosuchus Eichstaettisaurus schroederi 80 84 Batrachotomus 95 Eichstaettisaurus gouldi 96 93 Saurosuchus 95 90 Rauisuchus Jucaraseps 60 JKZ Bu267 -amber 97 Smok 95 98 Teratosaurus Aphanizocnemus 95 Sikannisuchus 98 Adriosaurus Postosuchus 96 91 Pontosaurus Arizonasaurus 79 95 Tetrapodophis 95 Yarasuchus 72 100 Dinilysia Qianosuchus Nundasuchus 100 94 Pachyrhachis Ticinosuchus 51 95 Boa 75 Aeotosauroides Loxocemus 77 Aetosaurus 100 96 Stagonolepis 97 Xenopeltis 100 Anilius Decuriasuchus Turfanosuchus Cylindrophis 100 95 Poposaurus 52 98 Uropeltis Sacisaurus 100 Anomochilus Silesaurus 100 Leptotyphlops Lotosaurus 92 98 99 Shuvosaurus Effigia 62 Yabeinosaurus IVPP V13284 Sakurasaurus 91 Gracilisuchus Saltopus 70 Bahndwivici FMNH PR2260 100 Scleromochlus Aigialosaurus 100 80 98 Tethysaurus SMNS12591skull Terrestrisuchus Tylosaurus 85 99 84 100 Litargosuchus 89 TA1045 69 Erpetosuchus Saniwa ensidens FMNH Hesperosuchus 87 65 Estesia 96 Pedeticosaurus 93 60 99 Yonghesuchus Varanus komodensis 100 80 96 51 Dromicosuchus Varanus griseus 96 81 Sichuanosuchus Shinisaurus Protosuchus 100 Sphenosuchus 100 Heloderma Saltoposuchus 71 Lanthanotus 92 80 Dibothrosuchus Anniella 92 71 90 Teleosaurus Gobiderma 75 100 Dakosaurus Metriorhynchus 75 Ophisaurus 91 83 98 Sebecus Kuroyuriella 90 Isisfordia 81 93 100 Myrmecodaptria Crocodylus niloticus 77 Cryptolacerta 96 Araripesuchus Stem Crocs 95 Simosuchus Chalcides ocellatus 96 Mariliasuchus 86 Chalcides guentheri 87 Caipirasuchus Baurusuchus 93 100 Gymnophthalmus PVL 4597 Vanzosaura 88 86 Lewisuchus Sirenoscincus 83 Zupaysaurus 65 93 Slavoia MGR-I-112 Megapnosaurus 82 57 Sineoamphisbaena 92 Junggarsuchus 97 Crythiosaurus 97 Carnufex 99 63 52 Pseudhesperosuchus Spathorhynchus Trialestes 94 Tamaulipasaurus Herrerasaurus Dibamus 68 Tawa 66 90 Staurikosaurus 96 Bipes 80 91 Staurikosaurus Amphisbaena 91 Segisaurus 94 95 Marasuchus Procompsognathus 94 Dracoraptor 96 Coelophysis 88 Dilophosaurus

72 86 Proceratosaurus 95 Deinocheirus Stem Birds Xiongguanlong 91 80 Sinocalliopteryx 82 91 Suchomimus Spinosaurus 87 Dilong 89 Guanlong 87 74 Yutyrannus 71 Sinraptor 100 Majungasaurus Allosaurus 80 90 Sinosaurus 77 Monolophosaurus 80 Acrocanthosaurus 96 Eustreptospondylus 76 Ceratosaurus

100 Compsognathus Extant taxa Struthiomimus 86 100 Ornitholestes 98 Microraptor IVPP V 13352 94 Microraptor M V1002 93 97 Sinornithosaurus holotype Sinornithosaurus NGMC 91 97 Fukuivenator 99 Tianyuraptor 95 Barberenasuchus 88 95 Huaxiagnathus Eodromaeus 99 Zhenyuanlong 94 Eoraptor 97 Alioramus altai 98 Gorgosaurus Pampadromaeus Tyrannosaurus 100 Leyesaurus 94 Compsognathus CNJ79 Saturnalia 99 97 Falcarius 95 95 Pantydraco 98 Rahonavis 93 100 Jianchangosaurus 98 Efraasia 100 Limusaurus Massospondylus kaalae 96 95 Khaan 100 79 Juravenator Sinosauropteryx 94 Chilesaurus 100 Daemonosaurus 97 Eotyrannus Jeholosaurus Tanycolagreus 100 96 98 Haya 95 Velociraptor 94 Pisanosaurus Balaur 95 Haplocheirus Scelidosaurus 93 100 95 Shuvuuia 98 Emausaurus Sinornithoides Minmi 86 Jinfengopteryx 100 100 Heterodontosaurus 69 100 Anchiornis Kulindadromaeus 96 Aurornis 85 Buitreraptor 93 99 Agilisaurus Sinovenator Stegoceras 98 100 Eosinopteryx Lesothosaurus Xaotingia 70 95 100 97 Scutellosaurus Archaeopteryx siemensii Thermopolis Archaeopteryx siemensii Berlin Stegosaurus 87 73 Changchunsaurus 96 Liaoning embryo bird 94 Archaeopteryx London 95 Dryosaurus 76 96 Protopteryx 75 Edmontosaurus 69 Hexinlusaurus 80 'Yanornis' STM9-52 Cathayornis 86 99 Psittacosaurus mongoliensis 76 Sulcavis Yinlong 79 74 Pengornis Stenopelix 74 Archaeopteryx bavarica - Munich 79 100 Triceratops adult 83 Jeholornis 100 Triceratops juvenile 79 96 Archaeovolans IVPP V12444 100 Chasmosaurus adult 80 Mei Chasmosaurus juvenile Scansoriopteryx 100 68 Yi 96 Epidexipteryx 96 Omnivoropteryx Archaeopteryx recurva Eichstaett 64 98 Archaeopteryx grandis Solnhofen Confuciusornis 52 Chiappeavis 78 Sapeornis 78 Archaeornithura Yanornis 88 83 100 Hesperornis Ichthyornis 100 93 Rhynchotus Struthio 92 Gastornis 88 81 Opisthocomus Gallus