A Catalogue of the Eamon Donnelly Collection

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Catalogue of the Eamon Donnelly Collection A Catalogue of the Éamon Donnelly Collection at Newry and Mourne Museum Robert Whan A personal perspective by one of Éamon Donnelly’s grandchildren On the last Friday of 1944, my day along with Major Vivion de Valera grandfather, Éamon Donnelly, who representing his father. A year later was a native of County Armagh and a a striking memorial was unveiled at prominent Irish Nationalist politician, his grave with the inscription “to a died at the age of 67 in a Dublin true friend and sterling patriot”. It is nursing home. A Requiem Mass was still there at his grave; a huge block of celebrated at St Andrew’s Church in white granite (now dulled by age and the City on 30th December, attended weather) with a bas-relief of Éamon on by Éamon de Valera, then Taoiseach the front. of the Irish Republic and other leading members of the Irish government. Since then, apart from the very Éamon’s remains were taken through occasional pilgrimage to his grave the streets of Dublin to Amiens Street and memorial by politicians and (now Connolly) Station for the train historians, Éamon Donnelly has been journey to Newry, County Down, largely forgotten. where he had spent much of his life, for burial. I came to Newry in about 1956 when my mother, Nell, the eldest of Éamon In Newry, one of the largest crowds and Marianne Donnelly’s six children ever seen in the town lined the route and by then a relatively young widow, to St. Mary’s Cemetery where Éamon returned to the town that had been her was buried with his wife, Marianne, family home years before. It was she and two of their children, Catherine who rescued, and safeguarded, most and Frank. The funeral cortege was of what records remained in the family preceded by fifteen members of the home. I was born nearly three years clergy in top hats, long black overcoats after Éamon had died, so my picture and carrying furled umbrellas. The of him was that stone face sculpted on old-fashioned hearse was drawn by his grave. I knew he had been someone two black horses. Behind walked his significant, if only because few people son, son-in-law and two grandsons, warrant such memorials over their last followed by leading politicians of the resting place. A Personal Perspective 1 Mum would talk to me about her father I wish now that I had listened who was, she would say, an Ulsterman more to my Mother’s recollections. first and an Irishman second. Although Instead, with all the callowness of elected as MP for Armagh in 1925 youth, I closed my ears. It took the he was considered by the British and encouragement of my cousin, Sean Northern Ireland Governments to be Donnelly, and Anthony Carroll’s article a threat. Mum often claimed that the in the online Newry Journal to send British Government of the time went me back to my mother’s papers. I had as far as offering Éamon a colonial kept, but not really examined, them, Governorship in an attempt to remove despite a visit from Eamon Phoenix to him from Northern Ireland. I have no study them! reason to doubt my mother’s word, but I am equally sure that no written record After consultation with my cousins, I of any such offer exists, anywhere! decided to donate Éamon Donnelly’s papers to Newry and Mourne Museum. Despite her great love for, and I am delighted that this catalogue admiration of, her father, Mum was not has been produced by the Museum. blind to his faults. He had a weakness It will help bring my grandfather’s for alcohol, not continuously but contribution to Irish history to a wider rather, as my Mum described it on audience. Hopefully, its publication, occasional ‘skites’. Interestingly his and the availability of his papers, will weakness was never exploited by the show just why Éamon Donnelly was British or Northern Ireland authorities. so publicly mourned by both leading It was his friends and colleagues in politicians and churchmen and by Dublin who used it if they thought vast numbers of the good people of Éamon would embarrass them through Newry, his adopted and much loved his opposition to Partition, a principle home town. he never abandoned. Donal Donnelly-Wood March 2014 A Personal Perspective 2 Introduction The Éamon Donnelly Collection comprises almost 400 documents dating from 1881 to 1972, but mostly from the 1930s and early 1940s. They are the personal and political papers of the Nationalist and Republican politician, Éamon Donnelly (1877– 1944). Donnelly was elected by constituencies in both the north and south of Ireland: Armagh (1925–29), Laois-Offaly (1933–37) and Belfast Falls division (1942–44). Originally a member of Sinn Féin, he joined Fianna Fáil after its formation in 1926. A great organiser, Donnelly served as director of elections for both parties. As a result of his political convictions and activities he was imprisoned on a number of occasions. He was an ardent anti-Partitionist and, increasingly, by the mid-1930s, Donnelly had become disillusioned with Fianna Fáil’s lack of progress on the Partition issue. Introduction 3 PART A: ÉAMON DONNELLY Early life and involvement a full-time organiser for Sinn Féin in with Sinn Féin Armagh, where he was President of the local Sinn Féin Club. In the General Éamon Donnelly (named Edward John Election of 1918 he acted as director Donnelly) was born in Middletown, of elections in north-east Ulster. His Co. Armagh on 19 July 1877. His determination ensured that Sinn Féin father, Francis, was a mason and his contested every Irish constituency. mother, Catherine (née Haggin), was The election resulted in a landslide the daughter of a Fenian farmer. After victory with Sinn Féin winning 73 2 receiving his education, Éamon became out of the 105 seats. The Sinn Féin a labourer and later was storekeeper MPs, however, refused to attend the at the Armagh Asylum. He joined the Westminster Parliament, forming G.A.A., the Gaelic League, and Sinn instead a separate legislature, Féin, and was one of the first of the Dáil Éireann. Irish Volunteers in Armagh. On Easter Sunday 1916 he joined with Volunteers During the War of Independence, from the north who mobilised at 1919–1921, Donnelly’s activities Coalisland, Co. Tyrone. Though became the focus of further police they dispersed without fighting, attention and his home was frequently Donnelly was arrested because of his searched for arms and incriminating involvement and was imprisoned literature. In September 1919 he was in England.1 arrested and imprisoned for a fortnight in Belfast Gaol for refusing to pay a fine After his release and return to Ireland, imposed by a local magistrate for riding 3 Donnelly played a key role in the rise a bicycle at midnight without a light. of Sinn Féin in the north. He was Upon his release, Donnelly was actively dismissed from his post as storekeeper engaged in promoting the Dáil Éireann in the mental hospital because of his Loan in the north and in November political convictions and he became 1919 he was again imprisoned, this 1 Armagh Guardian, 17 May & 11 Oct. 1918; Bureau of Military History witness statement of Seán T. O’Kelly (W.S. 1765); Sinn Féin 1918 Ard Fheis report, pp 5–6 (National Library of Ireland, Dulcibella Barton papers, MS 8,786); Joseph Connolly, Memoirs of Senator Joseph Connolly, ed. J. A. Gaughan (Dublin, 1998), pp 150–51; Robert Brennan, Allegiance (Dublin, 1950), pp 168, 181–82. 2 Mícheál Ó Coileáin [Michael Collins] to Éamon Donnelly, 27 July 1920 (Newry and Mourne Museum, Éamon Donnelly Collection, NMM:2011.29.1.2); Aibhistín dé Staic [Austin Stack] to Éamon Donnelly, 19 & 20 Jan. 1921 (ibid., NMM:2011.29.2); Armagh Guardian, 14 & 21 Nov. 1919, 20 Feb. 1920; Irish Bulletin, 21 Nov. 1919; Newry Reporter, 22 Nov. 1919. 3 Armagh Guardian, 19 & 26 Sept. 1919, 16 Apr. 1920; Irish Bulletin, 25 Sept. 1919; Frontier Sentinel, 25 Oct. 1919; Irish Independent, 20 Dec. 1920; Donegal News, 15 Jan. 1921. 4 time for three months, for soliciting only effect that all our literature and contributions for the republican loan leaflets etc. will have upon them [the outside Tynan Chapel in Co. Armagh.4 Unionists] is to bring them out to In 1920 he was involved in the effort to vote against us in great numbers.”6 In establish Dáil courts in Ulster and also Northern Ireland, the Unionists gained in the organising of the Belfast Boycott 42 out of the 55 seats available, but also which sought to exclude Northern Irish successful was Michael Collins who goods from the nationalist-dominated was elected as an abstentionist member south.5 for Armagh. Shortly after the election, in September 1921, Donnelly organised Donnelly was the Ulster Organiser a large rally in Armagh, attended by for Sinn Féin in the 1921 election over 20,000 people, at which Michael campaign, which was not an easy Collins was the keynote speaker.7 task considering many of the party’s candidates were either in prison or ‘on During the negotiations in autumn the run’. During the election, Donnelly 1921, which led to the Anglo-Irish acted as election agent for Michael Treaty, Donnelly was invited by Collins Collins and in the campaign an attempt to come to London to advise the Irish was made on Donnelly’s life by the plenipotentiaries on the northern Igoe Gang, a group of undercover question. The illness of Donnelly’s R.I.C.
Recommended publications
  • John F. Morrison Phd Thesis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 'THE AFFIRMATION OF BEHAN?' AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE POLITICISATION PROCESS OF THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN MOVEMENT THROUGH AN ORGANISATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SPLITS FROM 1969 TO 1997 John F. Morrison A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2010 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3158 This item is protected by original copyright ‘The Affirmation of Behan?’ An Understanding of the Politicisation Process of the Provisional Irish Republican Movement Through an Organisational Analysis of Splits from 1969 to 1997. John F. Morrison School of International Relations Ph.D. 2010 SUBMISSION OF PHD AND MPHIL THESES REQUIRED DECLARATIONS 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, John F. Morrison, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 82,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2005 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. in May, 2007; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2005 and 2010. Date 25-Aug-10 Signature of candidate 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • “Éire Go Brách” the Development of Irish Republican Nationalism in the 20Th Into the 21St Centuries
    “Éire go Brách” The Development of Irish Republican Nationalism in the 20th into the 21st Centuries Alexandra Watson Honors Thesis Dr. Giacomo Gambino Department of Political Science Spring 2020 Watson 2 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature Review: Irish Nationalism -- What is it ? 5 A Brief History 18 ‘The Irish Question’ and Early Roots of Irish Republicanism 20 Irish Republicanism and the War for Independence 25 The Anglo Irish Treaty of 1921, Pro-Treaty Republicanism vs. Anti-Treaty Republicanism, and Civil War 27 Early Statehood 32 ‘The Troubles’ and the Good Friday Agreement 36 Why is ‘the North’ Different? 36 ‘The Troubles’ 38 The Good Friday Agreement 40 Contemporary Irish Politics: Irish Nationalism Now? 45 Explaining the Current Political System 45 Competing nationalisms Since the Good Friday Agreement and the Possibility of Unification 46 2020 General Election 47 Conclusions 51 Appendix 54 Acknowledgements 57 Bibliography 58 Watson 3 Introduction In June of 2016, the people of the United Kingdom democratically elected to leave the European Union. The UK’s decision to divorce from the European Union has brought significant uncertainty for the country both in domestic and foreign policy and has spurred a national identity crisis across the United Kingdom. The Brexit negotiations themselves, and the consequences of them, put tremendous pressure on already strained international relationships between the UK and other European countries, most notably their geographic neighbour: the Republic of Ireland. The Anglo-Irish relationship is characterized by centuries of mutual antagonism and the development of Irish national consciousness, which ultimately resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Irish free state in 1922.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Macswiney Was First Publicly Associated
    MacSwiney, Mary by Brian Murphy MacSwiney, Mary (1872–1942), republican, was born 27 March 1872 at Bermondsey, London, eldest of seven surviving children of an English mother and an Irish émigré father, and grew up in London until she was seven. Her father, John MacSwiney, was born c.1835 on a farm at Kilmurray, near Crookstown, Co. Cork, while her mother Mary Wilkinson was English and otherwise remains obscure; they married in a catholic church in Southwark in 1871. After the family moved to Cork city (1879), her father started a snuff and tobacco business, and in the same year Mary's brother Terence MacSwiney (qv) was born. After his business failed, her father emigrated alone to Australia in 1885, and died at Melbourne in 1895. Nonetheless, before he emigrated he inculcated in all his children his own fervent separatism, which proved to be a formidable legacy. Mary was beset by ill health in childhood, her misfortune culminating with the amputation of an infected foot. As a result, it was at the late age of 20 that she finished her education at St Angela's Ursuline convent school in 1892. By 1900 she was teaching in English convent schools at Hillside, Farnborough, and at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Her mother's death in 1904 led to her return to Cork to head the household, and she secured a teaching post back at St Angela's. In 1912 her education was completed with a BA from UCC. The MacSwiney household of this era was an intensely separatist household. Avidly reading the newspapers of Arthur Griffith (qv), they nevertheless rejected Griffith's dual monarchy policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish History Links
    Irish History topics pulled together by Dan Callaghan NC AOH Historian in 2014 Athenry Castle; http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/travel/attractions/castles/Galway/athenry.shtm Brehon Laws of Ireland; http://www.libraryireland.com/Brehon-Laws/Contents.php February 1, in ancient Celtic times, it was the beginning of Spring and later became the feast day for St. Bridget; http://www.chalicecentre.net/imbolc.htm May 1, Begins the Celtic celebration of Beltane, May Day; http://wicca.com/celtic/akasha/beltane.htm. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ February 14, 269, St. Valentine, buried in Dublin; http://homepage.eircom.net/~seanjmurphy/irhismys/valentine.htm March 17, 461, St. Patrick dies, many different reports as to the actual date exist; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11554a.htm Dec. 7, 521, St. Columcille is born, http://prayerfoundation.org/favoritemonks/favorite_monks_columcille_columba.htm January 23, 540 A.D., St. Ciarán, started Clonmacnoise Monastery; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04065a.htm May 16, 578, Feast Day of St. Brendan; http://parish.saintbrendan.org/church/story.php June 9th, 597, St. Columcille, dies at Iona; http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ASaints/Columcille.html Nov. 23, 615, Irish born St. Columbanus dies, www.newadvent.org/cathen/04137a.htm July 8, 689, St. Killian is put to death; http://allsaintsbrookline.org/celtic_saints/killian.html October 13, 1012, Irish Monk and Bishop St. Colman dies; http://www.stcolman.com/ Nov. 14, 1180, first Irish born Bishop of Dublin, St. Laurence O'Toole, dies, www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091b.htm June 7, 1584, Arch Bishop Dermot O'Hurley is hung by the British for being Catholic; http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/dermot.htm 1600 Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index Note: page numbers in italics denote illustrations or maps Abbey Theatre 175 sovereignty 390 Abbot, Charles 28 as Taoiseach 388–9 abdication crisis 292 and Trimble 379, 409, 414 Aberdeen, Earl of 90 Aiken, Frank abortion debate 404 ceasefire 268–9 Academical Institutions (Ireland) Act 52 foreign policy 318–19 Adams, Gerry and Lemass 313 assassination attempt 396 and Lynch 325 and Collins 425 and McGilligan 304–5 elected 392 neutrality 299 and Hume 387–8, 392, 402–3, 407 reunification 298 and Lynch 425 WWII 349 and Paisley 421 air raids, Belfast 348, 349–50 St Andrews Agreement 421 aircraft industry 347 on Trimble 418 Aldous, Richard 414 Adams, W.F. 82 Alexandra, Queen 174 Aer Lingus 288 Aliens Act 292 Afghan War 114 All for Ireland League 157 Agar-Robartes, T.G. 163 Allen, Kieran 308–9, 313 Agence GénéraleCOPYRIGHTED pour la Défense de la Alliance MATERIAL Party 370, 416 Liberté Religieuse 57 All-Ireland Committee 147, 148 Agricultural Credit Act 280 Allister, Jim 422 agricultural exports 316 Alter, Peter 57 agricultural growth 323 American Civil War 93, 97–8 Agriculture and Technical Instruction, American note affair 300 Dept of 147 American War of Independence 93 Ahern, Bertie 413 Amnesty Association 95, 104–5, 108–9 and Paisley 419–20 Andrews, John 349, 350–1 resignation 412–13, 415 Anglesey, Marquis of 34 separated from wife 424 Anglicanism 4, 65–6, 169 Index 513 Anglo-American war 93 Ashbourne Purchase Act 133, 150 Anglo-Irish Agreement (1938) 294, 295–6 Ashe, Thomas 203 Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985) Ashtown ambush 246 aftermath
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939
    Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939 Kyle McCreanor A Thesis in the Department of History Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts (History) at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada March 2019 © Kyle McCreanor, 2019 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Kyle McCreanor Entitled: Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939 and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (History) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: _________________________________ Chair Dr. Andrew Ivaska _________________________________ Examiner Dr. Ted McCormick _________________________________ Examiner Dr. Cameron Watson _________________________________ Supervisor Dr. Gavin Foster Approved by _________________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director _______________ 2019 _________________________________________ Dean of Faculty iii Abstract Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939 Kyle McCreanor This thesis examines the relationships between Irish and Basque nationalists and nationalisms from 1895 to 1939—a period of rapid, drastic change in both contexts. In the Basque Country, 1895 marked the birth of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (Basque Nationalist Party), concurrent with the development of the cultural nationalist movement known as the ‘Gaelic revival’ in pre-revolutionary Ireland. In 1939, the Spanish Civil War ended with the destruction of the Spanish Second Republic, plunging Basque nationalism into decades of intense persecution. Conversely, at this same time, Irish nationalist aspirations were realized to an unprecedented degree during the ‘republicanization’ of the Irish Free State under Irish leader Éamon de Valera.
    [Show full text]
  • BMH.WS1721.Pdf
    ROINN COSANTA BUREAU OF MILITARY HISTORY, 1913-21 STATEMENT BY WITNESS. DOCUMENT NO. W.S. 1721. Witness Seumas Robinson 18 Highfield Foad, Rathgar, Dublin. Identity. O/C. South Tipperary Brigade. O/C. 2nd Southern Division, I.R.A. Member of Volunteer Executive. Member of Bureau of Military History. Subject. Irish Volunteer activities, Dublin, 1916. I.R.A.activities, Tipperary, 1917-1921 Conditions, if any, Stipulated by Witness. Nil. File No S.132. Form BSM2 SEUMASROBINSON. 1902. Joined the first Fianna (Red Branch Knights); founded by Bulmer Hobson in 1902, Belfast. 1902. Joined "Oscar" junior hurling club, Belfast. 1903. Joined Gaelic League, Glasgow. 1913. December. Joined the Irish Volunteers, (Glasgow. 1916. January. Attached to Kimmage Garrison. 1916. Easter Week. Stationed i/c. at Hopkins & Hopkins, O'Connell Street (Bride). 1916. May. Interned Richmond Barracks (one week), Stafford Gaol, Frongoch, Reading Gaol. Released Christmas Day, 1916. 1917. February. Assisted in reorganising the Volunteers in Tipperary. l9l8. October, Elected Brigadier, South Tipperary Brigade. 1920. Elected T.D. to Second Dáil, East Tipperary and Waterford. 1921. November December. Appointed O/C., 2nd Southern Division, I.R.A., in succession to E. O'Malley. 1922. Elected Member of Volunteer Executive. l928. Elected Senator. 1935. January. Appointed Member of M.S.P. Board. l949. Appointed Member, Bureau of Military History. 1953. (?) Appointed Member of Military Registration Board. STATEMENTBY Mr. SEUMASROBINSON, 18, Highfield Road, Rathgar, Dublin. - Introduction - "A SOLDIER OF IRELAND" REFLECTS. Somewhere deep in the camera (or is it the anti-camera) of my cerebrum (or is it my cerebellum"), whose loci, by the way, are the frontal lobes of the cranium of this and every other specimen of homo-sapiens - there lurks furtively and nebulously, nevertheless positively, a thing, a something, a conception (deception'), a perception, an inception, that the following agglomeration of reminiscences will be "my last Will and Testament".
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Collins' Own Story
    ELCOLLIN MICHAEL COLLINS' OWN STORY MICHAEL COLLINS. MICHAEL COLLINS' OWN STORY Tou to HAYDEN TALBOT LONDON: HUTCHINSON * CO PATERNOSTER ROW " Multitudinous is their gathering . a great host with whom it is not fortunate to of contend . the battle-trooped host the O'Coileain." The ancient slogan of Collins' ancestors, chieftains of the tribes of Mimster 450 years ago. To ESTHER TALBOT CONTENTS CHAPTER PACK - I. HOW IT HAPPENED - II - II. INTRODUCING MICHAEL COLLINS 21 III. EOIN MACNEILL ULSTERMAN - 2Q " " iv. COLLINS' OWN STORY OF EASTER WEEK - 40 v. ARTHUR GRIFFITH'S LAST STATEMENT - 48 " " VI. THE AFTERMATH OF EASTER WEEK 58 vii. COLLINS' ESTIMATE OF ERSKINE CHILDERS - 67 viii. COLLINS' PLAN OF TERRORISING TERRORISTS - -73 IX. OUTWITTING THE BLACK AND TANS - 79 X. UNDER THE TERROR - 86 XI. THE MURDER OF FRANCIS SHEEHY SKEFFINGTON 95 xii. CHILDERS' OPINION OF AMERICANS - - 115 XIII. THE TRUTH ABOUT THE TRUCE - 123 XIV. THE INVITATION TO NEGOTIATE - 134 XV. THE TREATY NEGOTIATIONS - - 145 XVI. THE MISGUIDED ONES - - 153 XVII. DISHONEST TACTICS - - l62 XVIII. THE ULSTER PROBLEM - 170 XIX. THE REBELLION ITS CAUSE AND COST - l8l XX. THE FUTURE OF IRELAND - igi XXI. WHAT THE TREATY MEANS A SYMPOSIUM - 202 XXII. ADDENDUM * - - 249 Michael Collins' Own Story CHAPTER I HOW IT HAPPENED IT began belligerently. It grew into a friendship I valued more than any other I ever made. The reference is to my relationship with Michael Collins. I tell it not because these two facts matter to anyone except me, but because they are in themselves proof of the greatness of this Irishman. And, inasmuch as I found him, in nine months of intimate association, the finest character it has ever been my good fortune to know, I mean to adduce such proof as I can as will tend to justify my opinion.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Community and the Relationships Between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic: a Test of Neo-Functionalism
    Tresspassing on Borders? The European Community and the Relationships between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic: A Test of Neo-functionalism Etain Tannam Department of Government London School of Economics and Political Science Ph.D. thesis UMI Number: U062758 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U062758 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 or * tawmjn 7/atA K<2lt&8f4&o ii Contents List of Figures v Acknowledgements vi 1. The European Community and the Irish/Northern Irish Cross- 1 border Relationship: Theoretical Framework Introduction 2 1. The Irish/Northern Irish Cross-border Relationship: A Critical 5 Test of Neo-functionalism ii. Co-operation and The Northern Irish/Irish Cross-Border 15 Relationship iii. The Irish/Northern Irish Cross-border Relationship and the 21 Anglo-Irish Agreement iv. The Anglo-Irish Agreement and International Relations Theory 25 Conclusion: The Irish Cross-border Relationship and International 30 Relations Theory: Hypotheses 2. A History ofThe Cross-Border Political Relationship 34 Introduction 35 i. Partition and the Boundary Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Responses to Fascist Italy, 1919–1932 by Mark Phelan
    Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Irish responses to Fascist Italy, 1919-1932 Author(s) Phelan, Mark Publication Date 2013-01-07 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3401 Downloaded 2021-09-27T09:47:44Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Irish responses to Fascist Italy, 1919–1932 by Mark Phelan A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh Department of History School of Humanities National University of Ireland, Galway December 2012 ABSTRACT This project assesses the impact of the first fascist power, its ethos and propaganda, on key constituencies of opinion in the Irish Free State. Accordingly, it explores the attitudes, views and concerns expressed by members of religious organisations; prominent journalists and academics; government officials/supporters and other members of the political class in Ireland, including republican and labour activists. By contextualising the Irish response to Fascist Italy within the wider patterns of cultural, political and ecclesiastical life in the Free State, the project provides original insights into the configuration of ideology and social forces in post-independence Ireland. Structurally, the thesis begins with a two-chapter account of conflicting confessional responses to Italian Fascism, followed by an analysis of diplomatic intercourse between Ireland and Italy. Next, the thesis examines some controversial policies pursued by Cumann na nGaedheal, and assesses their links to similar Fascist initiatives. The penultimate chapter focuses upon the remarkably ambiguous attitude to Mussolini’s Italy demonstrated by early Fianna Fáil, whilst the final section recounts the intensely hostile response of the Irish labour movement, both to the Italian regime, and indeed to Mussolini’s Irish apologists.
    [Show full text]
  • By Richard English O'malley, Ernest Bernard
    O'Malley, Ernest Bernard (‘Ernie’) by Richard English O'Malley, Ernest Bernard (‘Ernie’) (1897–1957), revolutionary and writer, was born 26 May 1897 in Ellison St., Castlebar, Co. Mayo, second child among nine sons and two daughters of Luke Malley, solicitor's clerk, of Co. Mayo, and Marion Malley (née Kearney) of Co. Roscommon. Christened Ernest Bernard Malley, his adoption of variations on this name (Earnán O Máille, Earnán O'Malley, and, most commonly, Ernie O'Malley), reflected his enthusiasm for a distinctively Irish identity – an enthusiasm that lay at the heart of his republican career and outlook. In 1906 his family moved to Dublin, where O'Malley attended the CBS, North Richmond St. In 1915 he began to study medicine at UCD. Having initially intended to follow his older brother into the British army, O'Malley in fact joined the Irish Volunteers in the wake of the 1916 Easter rising (as a member of F Company, 1st Battalion, Dublin Brigade). The latter had a profound impact upon his thinking; O'Malley was to become a leading figure in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish revolution which that rebellion helped to occasion. In 1918, having twice failed his second-year university examination, O'Malley left home to commit himself to the republican cause. He was initially a Volunteer organiser with the rank of second lieutenant (under the instruction of Richard Mulcahy (qv)), operating in Counties Tyrone, Offaly, Roscommon, and Donegal. His work in 1918 involved the reorganisation, or new establishment, of Volunteer groups in the localities. Then in August 1918 he was sent to London by Michael Collins (qv) to buy arms.
    [Show full text]
  • Cumann Na Mban: During the Easter Rising
    Cumann na mBan: During the Easter Rising Dylan Savoie Junior Division Individual Documentary Process Paper: 500 words Once I learned about National History Day, I immediately wanted to do something related to my Irish heritage seeing as my mother was born in Ireland. In my research, I found the Easter Rising. Now that I had narrowed my selection down, I began to dig deeper, and I came across an Irish women's group, Cumann na mBan, that helped greatly in the Rising but has gone largely unnoticed in history. I tried to have a wide range of research. First, I began by searching for a video about Cumann na mBan. I had found an RTE documentary on the Easter Rising of 1916. It was in that documentary that I came across Fr. Oliver Rafferty, a professor at Boston College. I was able to obtain his email address, contact him, and we had a phone interview. I searched websites and books at my local and Boston Public Library, taking notes and citing them in Noodletools as I went. The Burns Library at Boston College has the most extensive Irish History collection outside of Ireland, so in January, I went there too and was able to obtain many primary sources. In February, I went to Boston College and interviewed Fr. Rafferty in person. I was able to talk with him and combine what I had learned in my research to understand my topic in more depth than I had before. After I collected my research, I decided that my project would be best represented in the form of a documentary.
    [Show full text]