Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

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to tlie 7^^ -X

LONDON:

Printed for LeigK &c Sotliebj-

Yorlc Street, Cogent Garden. . MDCCLXXXVII.

PREFACE.

tM S H E Author of the following Iheets intends, by the pub-

"*- lication of them, to fulfil his pronnifes to the public of clofins;o therewith his General Synopsis of Birds.

In order to form this fupplemental Volume, every fpecies in the former ones has been revifed j and to fuch of them as wanted correflion, or where any new remark feemed neceflary to

be added, it has been done : after which, thofe defcribed as new

follow, at the end of each Genus j making in the whole work not fewer than 3000 birds ; a number never imagined, by former writers in ornithology, to exift in nature.

It has been by fome thought, that fuch an undertaking as the prefent might have been rendered more complete, if fhort generic

and fpecific defcriptions had been added; but as fuch, ifjoined to

the work, could not, with propriety, have been placed any where except at the head of the defcriptions at large, it would nor, in the

author's opinion, have elucidated the fubjed in the fame propor-

a tion ii PREFACE.

tion as it mufl have added to the bulk of the volumes. A per-

formance of this kind, therefore, to be of real utility, mufl: be in

a feparate publication; as, in that cafe, the defcriptions being

compreffed into a fmaller fpace, might be curforily perufed, in

the fame manner as in the Syjiema Naturie of Linricsus, after whofe

elegant model it fhould alfo be formed.

This, however, cannot be in a very little compafs, as it mufl:

exceed the limits of .the ornithologic part of that author's work,

in-the fame proportion as the fpecies defcribed in this Synopjis do

•thofe in ih& Syftema ; for at the time of iL/«KdfKj's writing, the

number of birds treated of by him did not greatly exceed 900,

for all of which (excepting between 30 and 40 which were new,

and defcribed by him as luch) he was able to refer to one or

more writers who had given a full account of them ; but in the

prefent undertaking more than 2000 others have likewife been de-

fcribed, the greater part of which has been noticed by various

writers fince the lafl: edition o^ Linnaeus' % work ; the reft, between

5 and 600 in number, only to be found in the feveral volur^es

of this work. - ,

That concife generic and fpecific defcriptions have been

thought necelTary, need not, in this place, be further infifted on,

when it is known that the author of thefe Iheets haftily penned 4 fuchs PREFACE. m

fuchj for his own ufe, as faft as the volumes were publifhedj but

to give them a fjfficicnt revifalj fo as to merit the public infpec-

tion-j would, perhaps, require more time than he has immedi-

ately in his power to fpare for the purpofe.

For the prefent, he will only add moft fincere thanks to his

former friends for the continuation of their affiftance, as well as

to thofe feverally mentioned in the prefent Supplement, who have contributed theirs, and by whofe means he has been enabled to

add defcriptions of many new and curious fubjedls. Rejoicing not a little to have at laft finifhed his promifed tafk, he wiflies nothing more than to find hereafter, that his well-intended labours may be received by the Public with its former can- dour. JOHN LATHAM.

Dartford, May i, 1787.

SUPPLEMENT. X SUPPLEMENT, BIRDS.

Div. I. LAND-BIRDS.

Order I. RAPACIOUS.

Gekus I. VULTURE.

N'i8*. Plaintive V. N'2i. Pondicherry V.

19. Cheriway V. 22. Indian V. 20. Crowned V. 23. Gingi V.

Condur i. V. Gen. Syn. vol. p. 4. CONDUR. Laemmer-geyer, Z>cr. RuJJ'. v., pi. '6, in p. 3S7 ?

THE Laemmer-geyer is mentioned by feveral authors as a moft voracious and deftruftive bird, and that, among other things, it preys on calves and Jheep, and is common about Ghilan, in Perfta ; but they differ greatly in fize. Gmelin calls the length only four feet, and the breadth five. SprungU defcribed it as weighing twelve pounds, and extending, from wing to wing,

* The fpecies in this Supplement, not before defcribed in the Sjmpjts, will be placed at the head of their refpeftive genus, as in that work.

SUPPL. B eight —

VULTURE,

fight feet three quarters j but obferves, that a Vulture has beei> killed in Switzerland, meafuring twelve feet from the tip of one

wing to that of the other : however, it ftill remains dubious whether the Laemmer-geyer be the fame with the Condur, or a mere

variety of the Bearded Vulture, as fome think ; for the firft is not mentioned as having a comb on the head, which travellers furnilb

^t Condur w'xth. In SfiH/urgen'sVoysLge*, it is faid, that " in " the ifland Loubes\, they took two fowls, in beak, wings, and " talons, refembling an Eagle ; and combs on their heads, like

" Cocks. They were two ells high, and three in breadth, from

*' wing to wing, when ftretched out."—It is much to be feared^ that other authors, as well as myfelf, have greatly confounded the

fpecies of Vultures; for being, like the Falcon tribe, long-lived, their plumage puts on a great variety of drefs, fufficient to de- ceive thofe who have hitherto attempted to difcriminate them.

vol. 1. ArSi.- Ztioh 86. 5. Carrion Vulture, Gm. Syn. p. ^.-— N" Damp^ CARRION V. Fey. ii. pt. 2d, p. 67. Strunt-vogel. or Dung-Bird, Kcli. Cap.W. p. 136 ? D\AMPIER obferves, that the fcent of this bird is fo nice, that very foon after a beaft is killed, two or three hundred will

flock together from all parts in lefs than an hour's time,, though before not one was to be feen thereabouts. Kolben remarks, that an hundred or more will attack an Ox or

Cow retired from labour, fick, and faint ; and falling all at oniEC

upon him, foon devour him : they begin by making a hole in the

* See Harris, Coll'. Voy. vol.i. p. 3J. f This is not far diftantfrom Pejta, in Ssxth America.

belly, :

VULTURE,

belly, and, thrufting in their heads, pick the fielhfrom the bonesj

ftill leaving the Ikin to cover them.

Alpine V. Gen. Syn. vol. i. p. 12. N*/. 7. Vultur percnopterus, Limai, Faun. Arag. p. 67. ALPINE \ .

"DUILDS in high rocks, about Arragon in Spain", is called

there Boleta : is fometimes driven by tempeft from Ferfia to JJlrachan, in the Ruffian dominions; as fome have been Ihot thereabouts.

Cinereous V^ Gen. Sytt. i. p. 14. N'S. 8. V.^ Vultur totus fufcus. Faun. Arag. p. 67. CINEREOUS

fpOUND in Arragon : faid to vary, fometimes of a blackifli co-

lour : called in Spaing Vuitre,

Bengal V. Gen. Syn. i. p. 19. N« 16. pi. I. 16. Vultur percnopterus (fern.) Hajfelq. Fay. p. 194. (Eng.ed.)? BENGAL V.

TT has been hinted to me, that this bird is no other than the

female of the above-quoted, from Uajelquifi *, which appears

not unlikely. This author obferves, that it has an horrid appear-

ance : the face naked and wrinkled : the eyes large and black

the beak black and hooked : the talons large: the whole body

polluted with filth. He adds, that they arc bold birds; and that

all the places round Cairo are filled with the dead bodies o{ AJfes

and Camels, and thoufands of thefe birds fly about, and devour

* Not the F. percnopterus of Linnarus. —My ajh -coloured V. p. 13, is moft pro-, bably the male to that of HaJJelquiJi,

B 2 the VULTURE.

the carcafes before they putrify and fill the air with noxious esr- halations.

-»7- Secretary V. Gen. Syn. i. p. 20. N" 17. pi. 2.

SECRETARY Slaangen-vraater, Sparrm, Voy, i. p. 154.

jR. Sparrman fays, that this is not a ifhy bird j but when

feared, it firft tries to fave itfelf by hopping and fcudding

very fwifcly ; and, if this method fails, takes to flight. It feizes

Serpents, by firfl; holding the point of one wing forward. to parry off the bite; fometimes fpurning and treading upon it; at other

times taking it on its pinions, and throwing it into the air; and

after wearying out the adverfary, kills and fwal'iows it at leifure, without danger. The above account. Dr. Sparrman does not

doubt the truth of, though it did not fall under his own obferva-

^tion.

^ 18. Plaintive Eagle, Gen. Syn. i. p. 34. PLAINTIVE V. Br. Muf.

DSSCRIPTIGN. T ENGTH two feet four inches. Bill two inches long, and

not greatly hooked, the colour black ; the cere extends to within one inch and a quarter of the tip, and the noftrils are placed

obliquely near the top ; the bare part extends backward round the

eyes, almoft to the top of the head ; and the colour of the whole of

the bare parts yellow : the fore-part of the neck is nearly deltitute

of feathers : the top of the head and hind part of the neck are

brown : the upper part of the body barred brown and white : the

wings brown: the tail white, crofled with blackifh bars, and the

end, for one inchj of this laft colour ; the bafe of the four firfl quills VULTURE. 5

quills marked as the tail : the legs yellow ; claws black, mode-

rately hooked, and blunt at the tips. The above defcription I was enabled to draw up from a fpeci-

men preferved in fpirits, now in the Britijb Mufeum ; whereby I

have full affurance of its belonging to the Vulture genus, and feems to be no other than my Plaintive Eagle before defcribed^

Falco cheriway, Jacq. Vogd. p. 17. t. 4'. 19. CHERIWAY V.

T ENGTH two feet and a half, or more. Bill pale blue : head Description.

and neck very pale yellow : hind-head crefted : cere and

round the eyes rofe-colour : general colour of the plumage on the upper parts ferruginous, beneath pale, vent white ; the two n^id-

dle tail feathers barred with dufliy^ the lateral ones, and quills, dufky black: legs pale yellow. Inhabits the ifland oiAruha, on the coaft of Venetzuela, in South Place. America,

Crefted V. G£«. Sj'B. i. p. 6? 20. Vulturcoronatus, 7«

'X'HIS is very probably a variety of the crefted Vulture, as it is Description.

faid to be of the fame fize. The bill is black : the head of a reddifh grey, and adorned with a creft compofed of feveral fea-

thers, fix inches long at lead : part of the wings, the neck, and

breaft, are black : belly white : thighs white, fpotted with black :

tail long, black and white mixed : legs very ftrong and yellow.

This was met with near St. Magdalen River, in New Grenada. Place.

When it ftands ereft, it is two feet and a half in height,

Lc VULTURE.

Le Vautour Royal de Pondkheiy, Voy. ii. 182, pi. PONDICHER- Svit. Ind. p. 104, RY V. of a large Goofe. The bill black, pretty hooked, but ra- DESCRIPTION. CIZE

ther fhort ; the bafe covered with a naked fkin ; the noftrils

pervious : the forehead is flat, and the head large: the head and

neck flelh-coloured : the hind part of the head, and the fpace be-

tween the bill and eyes, covered with flelh-coloured down : the fore part of the neck and bread fparingly befet with fine feathers

of the fame colour, placed in tufts ; on the neck is a flelhy red membrane, very fmall, bare of feathers, which begins beneath the

ears, and reaches to the lowed part of the neck : the back, belly,

wings, and tail, are black : the legs yellow. Place. Inhabits Pondicherry, in the Eaft Indies, and parts adjacent.

22. Le grand Vautour des Indes, Son. Voy, In^d. vol. ii. p. 183. pi. 105. INDIAN V. DXSCRIPTION. C I Z E of a Gc(7/>. Bill black : irides red : the head and neck

bare of feathers, and of a rufous colour ; the head furniflied

with a draggling dovvri, refembling hair; the neck long in pro-

portion, and befet with tufts of very fine feathers : the feathers of

the bread fliort, and appear as if clipped or diaved j thofe of the lower part of the neck behind are long, narrow, and pointed, and

of a bright rufous colour : the wing coverts, back, and rump, the

colour of umber, each feather tipped with a pale band : quills, tail, and legs, black. PlACE AND MaN- This inhabits i»i//Vj and is very voracious : found in the day- NEB.S.

time on the banks of ihtjea, waiting for the dead Jift) which are

there thrown up : fond of putrid carcafts, which it often digs

up out of the ground : it flies heavily, though the wings are very drong. r

. Ls VULTURE.

Son. roy.4nJ. ii. Le Vautour de Gingi, p. 184. r-nvfAV tr

CIZE of a Turkey. In the bill not unlike that bird, and grey : Descripition,

noftrils pervious : iridesred; the forehead, cheeks, and throat,

are covered with a reddifh fkin : the feathers of the hind part of

the head and neck, long, narrow, and white : the wing coverts,

back, belly, and tail, of the fame colour : the quills black : legs grey. This inhabits the coaft of Coromandek where the inhabitants call Place,

it the Wild Turkey.

This perhaps is the Vulture mentioned in the EJfais Philofo~~- phiques, faid to be almoft wholly white: the head and neck co-

vered with fine, fliort, briftly feathers : quills long, and towards

the ends of a blackilh grey. This bird is faid to fly quick and

light, to be very voracious and timid ; and moftly found fingly

on fome hillock in the marflies where it feeds, which it does on

carrion ; but prefers repfiles, when to be had.

Another is alfo mentioned in the fameiook*, of the fize of a

Turkey : the male of a marbled brown j the female, iron-grey : head and half the neck naked, wrinkled, and covered with reddifh yellow excrefcences, with fcattered hairs between. This may per-

haps have fome relation to the other, as it is faid to be very like

the King Vulture, though not the fame bird. It is often met with

in flocks of twenty or thirty, eating the flelh of a dead beaft.

• Ef. Piilof, p. 5&.

Genus 1

t 8 1

Genus II. F A L C O N.

K" 99. Plain F. N" 109. Streaked F. ' 100. Black-necked F. no. Notched F. loi. White-necked F. III. Rhonaboidal F»

102. Afiatic F. J 1 2. Behree F. 103. Leverian F. 113. Greenland F. 104. Johanna F. 114. Plunabeous F. 105. Madagafcar F. 115. Dubious F.

106. Cheela F. 1 6. American F.

107. Rufous- headed F. 1 17. Criard F. 108. Arabian K. 118. Tiny F.

Slack Eagle, Gen. Syn. i. p. 28. N° z,--Ara. Zool. ii. N« 87. BLACK E.

T is very probable that my Black and Ring-tailed Eagles differ only from climate, as they feem to vary chiefly in having the breaft plain, er marked with white fpots. Both inhabit Hudfon's

Bay, appearing firft in March : they build on the tops of trees, hatch two young in May, and depart in Autumn. That called the

Black Eagle is known by the name of Kethewuck-michefue ; the

Ring-tail, Jpijk-micbefue. Mr. Hutchins, to whom I owe this lafl: remark, obfcrves, that the Black, Ring-tail, and White-headed, £.agUs of America, are inferior in fize to thofe of North Britain^

Bald — — —

FALCON.

BaldEagle, .S>'». i. '• G^«. p. 29. N° 3. .

White-headed Eagle, ^,-5. Zoo/, ii. N" 89. -i-EALDE.

'T'HIS was met with by our voyagers at Nootka Sound ^ and

Kamtfchatka-\; is common in America: at Hudfon's Bay,

called Wapaw-Efteqiian-MickeJiie : faid to be the fmalleft Eagle

which frequents that place: comes in May ; builds on the higheft

trees : the neft compofed oifticks and grajs, of a very large fize :

has two young onesj though frequently only one J.

Sea Eagle, Gen. Syn. i. p. 30. N^4. Jra. Zool. ii. p. 194. 86., A. 4, +• E. Falco offifraga, Brun. Orn. p. 3. N° 13. Midler, p. g. 'ii°6o. SEA

Bone-breaker, ^o/i5. Cap. ii. p. 137.''

^X'H I S fpecies is obferved to be larger in North America than in

Europe. It is common in Rujfia and Sibiria ; found in fum- mercven on the ar^icconQ:, and no Jefs frequent about the Cafpian

fea.

If a conjefture may be had of its being the bird mentioned by

Kolberiy is found alfo at the Cape of Good Hope, where he fays it feeds en the laad 'Tortoifes, carrying them to a great height in the air,

and letting them fall upon fome rock, in order to break the fhells,

whereby it may get the more eafily at the meat.

• Cook's Lajl Voy. ii. p. 296.

t Id. iii. p. 346. T\i&Eagleii faid to be as white as fnovr- 1 Mr. Hutthins,

SuPP-L. C - Golden ——

TO FALCON.

Golden Eagle, Gci. Sjfi. i. p. 31. ^r^. Zool: ii. Z14. A. E, GOLDEN Faico chryfaetos, Mulkr, N" 59,. Faun. Arag. p. 67,

''I'^HIS fpecies is common in Sweden and 'Denmark; met with:

at Afirachan j at Orenbourg often expofed to fale, as the 70'r-

gujians nnake ufe of it in falconry, to take the Wolf, Fox, and An-

telope: good ones fell dear, as not unfrequently a horfe is given

in exchange for this bird,, while only z Jheep is thought fufficient for one of another fort *.

Ring-tailed E. Gen. Syn.'i. ^. '^z.

RING-TAILED Black Eagle, Ar^. Zool. ii. p. 19.5.

Falcofulvus, Georgi Reife, p.. 164..

INHABITS various parts of RuJJia : found about Wort-

nefch, on the river Don, in vaft numbers, where it makes the neft on the tops of the loftieft trees, breaking off large branches

for the purpofe with its ftrong bill ; or when deficient of trees, on

the rocks themfelves : is a great enemy to birds, rats, &c. and

will at times kill Jheep and calves \, Both varieties found at JJirachanXy and made ufe of in falconry by the Calmucs, as well

laft fpecies ; known there by the name of Birkout §. The as the 1|

feathers of the tail are much efteemed for pluming their arrows^.

This fpecies alfo inhabits North America, being found it Hudfon's

Bay, where it is known by the name of ApiJk-Mi(ke/ue.

* Dee.RuJf. ii. p, 142.—iii. p. 117. t Id.'\. p. 89. % Id. ii. p. 142*^

/(/. iii. vol. ii. Ar^, Zeel. II p. 303. f Ru^a, p. 196, 269, f

Ciner-eotts —

FALCON, n

Cinereous Eagle, G^«.5y«. I. p. 33. N" 8. Jr^l. Zool. ii. p. 21^. ?. CINEREOUS E. Vultur albicilla, 5ra«. Orn. N" n.—MuUer, N<>58.—F«a». Groenl. p. 53. nPHIS fpecies is very common on the continent oi Europe; the

fouthern parts of Riiffia, particularly about the JVoIga ; in

Szoeden and Denmark ; alfo in Iceland and La-pmark. In Greenland it is found, the whole year, among the iflands and rocks, from which laft it darts on the feveral diving birds the moment of their rife to the furface of the water, the place of which it is enabled to afcertain by the bubbles : attempts now and then to prey on a live

Seal, when, having fixed the talons too faft to be difentangled, the

Seal draws the Eagle under water, to its deftruftion : feeds alfo or filh, efpecially xhe Lump-fijh, and a fort of Trout. In a neft of one of thefe birds, near Kefwick, in Cumberland, was found a Grey or Hulfewater Trout, of above twelve pounds weight. Dr. Heyjham, who informed me of this, added to the obfervation, that he obtained the bird alive, and had kept it above ten years, at the time of his communicating to me the account j and that it was either fix or feven years before the tail became white.

Bladk-cheekedE, G^«.5y». i. p. ig6. N" lo.'^^rSl.Zool. ii. 0.106. No>88. »*. BLACK-CHEEK. ED E ClZE of the Ring-tail Eagle. Bill dufky and blue; cere yel-

low : head, neck, and breaft, deep afh-colour : each cheek marked with a broad black bar, paffing from the corner of the

mouth beyond the eyes : back, belly, wings, and tail, black : legs yellow, feathered below the knees. Inhabit North Araerica, Plass*

C 2 Jean la FALCON.

Jean le blanc. Gen. Syn, i. p. 39, N" 17, JEAN LE BLANC. HIS fpecies is pretty frequent in the fouthern parts o( Ruffia,. efpecially about the rivers Don and Volga, though not met

with in Sibiria : is ufed in falconry by the Calmucs *.

New Holland White E. Gen. Sjn. i. p. 40. N°'i8. NEW HOL- LAND WHITE A Specimen of this is in the colledlion of ^r'Jo/eph Banks, E.

The whole plumage is white, the quills not excepted j in

which it differs from the Louijiane, p. ^6. The quills reach only to the beginning of the tail.

21. Pondicherry E. Gen. Syn. i. p. 41. N" 2r. PONDICHER- AigleMa.l3.hs.ne, Ef.Piil. p. .RY E. SS-

npHIS is frequent both on the Coromandel and Malabar coaft,

and is fc> common on the latter, that it is by fome called the

Malabar Eagle : it refembles, in many circumftances, the manner

of ih.t Kite ; is a very bold bird, though not of fo docile a race as

to be ufed in falconry : it is called at Jndojian, Tchil; and in the

Tamoul language, known by the name of Kueronden ; by the

French called Oi/eau-bramey and by the Englijh, Bramary Kite ; be-

ing held facred by all, in compliance with the refpefl paid it by the Bramins of India,

* Decmv, Ruf/m. p. loi^.

Whits. FALCON. 13

2^» White-crowned E. Gen. Syn,\. p. 42. N''23, WHITE- CROWNED E. npHIS fpecies is the fmalleft of the Eagles, being not much

larger than the Jean-le-blanc : is only met with on the rivers

towards the Cafpian fea, breeding along with the Sear-Eagles on the higheft trees *»

Ofprey, Gen. Syn. 1. p, 45. N" iS.—Ara. Zool. N" 91. 26.. OSPREY, Falco halistus. Mull. Prod. N' 66.—Georgi Rei/e, p. i6^.—Koli. Cap. li. "^

p. 1 37 ?

'T'HIS bird and its varieties are far fpread, being met with in

various parts of the old continent : frequent in Kamtjchatka^ and parts ftill more northward, in the fummer \ migrating, as the winter approaches, towards x\\t Jouth \ : in all fituations, is the procurer of food for the White-tailed and other Eagles. KKolben's,

bird be really our Ofprey, he obferves that it is, of all birds, the

moft deftrudtive to the Flying-fijh, taking them up during their rife the water from J..

• Mr. Pennant.

•]- Found about Baikal : common at Afirachan, Dec. Rujf. vol. iLp. 142, J Kolben afferts for fad, that one foot is made like that of a Goofe; but his having been impofed on, cannot alter the faft of its being otherwife. See Sy7i,

-vol. i, p. 45. _

Com men —— — :

H r A L C O N.

28. Common Birazard, Gen. Syn. i. p. 48. N° 28. JrBrZool. ii. N° foj. -i- COMMON -B-UZZARD, Faico buteo, Bru?i. Orn. p. 5. Muller, N"" 64.— Georgi Rei/e, p. 164.— Faun. Arag. p. 68. 3.

A Very common bird on the continent of Europe. In France,

known by the name of Goiran ; is moft plentiful, in winter,

about Lyons, where it is drefled for the table, and even thought

good food, being at that feafon as fat as fowl. The eggs are faid 2. to be cinereous, marked with deeper-coloured fpots*. Inhabits

both the northern and fouthern parts oi RuJJla, though lefs frequent

than fome other fpecies : is more abundant about Afirachan:

common \n Spain: called in the province oi Jragon^ Alferraz,

33- Honey Buzzard, Gen. Syn.'i. p. 52. N''33.—^?

'T'HIS fpecies is not very common, either in England or on the

continent q{ Europe, though inhabiting various parts of it

is feen as far north as Sondmor, in Norway ; common in the open

parts of RuJJia and Sibiria, near woods j and feeds much on Li-

zards f. It alfo is fond of Mice, being a great enemy to them, and hunting after them in the manner of the Ow/J. The eggs are of a very deep red-brown, with ferruginous blotches of

chefnut ||.

• Hijl, de Lyons, i. p. 198,—I have never feen the eggs, but am informed by Mr. Boys, that they are of a blueifh white, marked with irregular rufous fpotsj

the fhape of the egg almoft globular ; ufually three in the nell. f ArB. Zool. X Brunnich.—Hence called Mu/e^Hog and Muje-haagt,

II Portland Mufeum„ Moor —

FALCON, ij--

Buzzard, Ge». Sjn. i. N" ^r^f?. Zool. ii. p. 225. L, Moof p, 53. 34.— ^ MOOR BUZ- Falco sruginofus. Bran. ^, ^,—Muller, N" 6^.^Faun, Jrag. p. C^.S.—^ ZARD» Sej>p. Fog. pi. in p. 15.

A Female will weigh fometimes twenty-feven ounces. Inhabits

England ; found chiefly on the moors : builds on the ground ; the neft connpofed of dried (licks, intermixed with dry/edges or decayed /

RuJJia, but not met with in Sibiria f.

Collared F. Gett. Syn. i. 56. N° 37. Aril. Zml. ii. p. ZZ2. G. p. nc\^ ^V\3cr\ t? Falco rufticolus. Faun. Croenl. ]N° 34. nr H I S inhabits Greenland, but is feldom met with, as It fre-

quents the moft remote places : is called by the natives Mil-

lekulartok, Cigmfy'ing fpotied. In the defert and open places between the Den and Wolga, in the Ruffian dominions, it is alfo feen i

but is not a common bird j;.

• Se.fp, —If the bird known in France by the name of Fau)cPerdrieux, is faid to build on the tops of high trees which grow iingly, efpecially at jiuvergne and

ForeK.—HiJ}. de Lyons, i. N' 203.

t, Ar{l> ^ntU I Dtc. Ruff. i. p. 314.

Gofhawkj i

ri FALCON.

39. <3t)ffi4wk. Gen. Syit, i. p, 58. N" 39.—^/-iS. Zool. N° 95, 4-GOSHAWJL^ Falcopalumbarius, Ma//fr, N-'yo.—Gforfi/Jf/Af, p. 164.

*~pHE Gojhawk is common in Denmark, all over RuJ/ia, and in

Sihiria, about the Lai:^ Baikal : is ufed by the Calmucs in

falconry : a variety found fometimes quite white, but it is very * rare ; on the contrary, in Kamtjchalka every individual is white,

with hardly any fpots ; and thefe are faid to prove the beft of all

for the fport o{falconry j-.

The American one feems larger than that o^ Europe ; known at

Hudfon's Bay by the name of KomiJIjark-papanafew : it builds a neft in lofty trees, of fticks laid acrofs, lined with Jj^j and fea~

ihers i and lays four white eggs ; the young hatched in the be-

; frequents plains ginning of J?^/y and woods indifferently j is continually on the wing, and a great enemy to the Partridges and

other birds J. I have feen the Gojhawk in drawings done in China, as well as

in thofe from India, and have been affured that it is a native of

the laft, where the male is known by the name o{ Bauge. The female differs in being fomewhat larger, and paler on the upper parts, marked beneath with oval fpots of dufky black, giv-

ing it the appearance of the Gentil Falcon. This fex is called in India, Jurra, The young males are greatly fimilar to the females, and do not attain their full plumage for feveral moults. The

young male is called Madge Bauge, and the young female, Mudge Jurra.

_ Thefe, among others, are ufed in India iox falconry,

* Dec. Ruf. iii. p. 303. ' f ^>'^' ^^0^' t Mr, Kuuhins.

Kite, — ——

FALCON. 17

Kite, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 61. N" ^^.—ArB. Zool. ii. N° 223. H. 43- -(- F. milvus, Brun. N° 3. Mailer, N» 61. Georgi Reife, p. 164. KITE.

'T'HIS birdj fo well known in England^ is pretty common on the continent of Europe, but does not frequent the colder

parts, except in'the hotter months, being migratory : it is found

with us at all feafons, but obferved to be more in number in win-

ter in xhtfouthern counties : preys on chickens and other poultry while young, failing over the barn-yards for the purpofe of dart-

ing upon the firft unwary ftraggler: will fometimes csitfiJJj, as it has been found feeding on the remains of one at the fide of a

pond, having perhaps beaten off the firft poflefTor ; for we would

not fufpedl its taking the water itfelf, a circumftancein which the

O/prey perhaps ftands unrivalled. The egg of the Kite is of a

blueifh white, inclining to red at one end, blending itfelf with the white by fmall markings *.

Geinll Falcon, Gen.Syn. i. p. 64. N° 48. JrH. Zool. ii. N" 98. 4S. Faico Gentilis, Srun. N° S.^^Muller, N° 62. GENTIL F.

'X'HIS fpecies inhabits the north of Scotland, and builds in

rocks near Invercauld, and in Glen-more -f ; is met with in the

north of Europe, as far as Fininark"^; but we do not hear of it

farther fouth than AJirachan : was formerly ufed in England in || falconry, as it is now on the continent. Is alfo found in America,

but is there larger than in Europe: one ftiot in the province of

Uew Tork meafured two feet two inches.

• Portland Mufeum. f Flor. Scot. i. p. 17.

Zool. ii. t Ara. II Dec. Ruff, p. 142. SUPPL. Peregrine ——

IS FALCON.

52. Peregrine Falcon, Syti. •f- PEREGRINE Gen. i. p. 73. N° 52. Jr^. Zool. N" gj, F. 'HIS bird breeds in fome high rocks not far from Giljland, m

Cumberland ; alfo in fome of the mountains about Kefwick. A female, killed May 1781, weighed thirty-fix ounces and a quar-

terj was nineteen inches in length, and forty-two in breadth. Is

very deftruftive to game : near the neft were found the remains of Moor-game, Partridges, Plovers, &c. Is very noify and clamorous.. The young in the.neft were three in number, and the 7nak fed them for a week or ten days after the female was killed *.

The Peregrine Falcon is alfo common on the continent of Eu-

rope in fummer ; is frequent in Kamtfchatka •, wanders in fummer

to the very Ar£iic circle, but returns to the fouth in winter. In-

habits alfo America, {{'om Carolina to Hudfon's Bay, where it is of a.

larger fize : at the laft place known by the name of Papana

few Kaycakl: it varies extremely at different periods of age f.

54- 4- ROUGH- Roagh-legged Falcon, Gen. Syn. 1. p. 75. N° 54. Ai'S. Zool. N° 92. LEGGED F, Var. Bird greatly refembling this fpecies, and which I am inclined

to think a variety, is in my colleftion ; it meafures one foot

ten inches, and differs chiefly in the tail, the ground of which is a

cream-coloured white ; near the tip is a bar of brown above an

inch in breadth j above that, a fecond of about half an inch broad -,

and above thefcj each feather has a fpot upon it in the middlej mimicking, when fpread, a third bar; befides which, the twO'

* Dr. Heyjham.

f It is not improbable but my N° 49. Var. E. and F. may prove the fame birds. like the Peregrine —Var. E. is in my own colleftion ; it is certainly greatly F. but is a much larger bird. « ©utec FALCON. 19 outer feathers on each fide are marked with a few irregular fpots of brown, alnnoft the whole of their length, on the outer webs. The above was prefented to me by the Rev. Dr. PVilgrefs, -of

Elthamy who Ihot it in Suffolk. I received, on another occafion, from the fame gentleman, a fecond, which differed in being of a larger fize, and having a greater proportion of brown in the tail.

G^;/. 5):?/. i. N" 57^- Placentia Falcon, p.76. 57. ^ ^ PLACENTiA. Bay Falcon, Gen. Syn. i. p. 54. N" 34. Yzr.A. Chocolate F. Jr^. Zool. N° 94.

DEscRmiON. T ENGTH twenty-feven inches. Bill black i cere yellow: the feathers of the head, neck, and breaft, brown, with the edges reddifli white : back and wing coverts brown, edged with pale rufous : the under part of the bird of a fine deep chocolate-

brown ; acrofs the breaft nearly white ; between the legs cream- colour : thighs fine tawny yellow, llreaked with chocolate ; the feathers very long : the quills are of a deep brown ; the firft five are, for two-thirds from the bafe, quite white ; the others the fame, but the white marked with irregular bars of brown : the upper tail coverts white, with a large chocolate fuot at therio of each feather : the tail deep chocolate ; bafe of the feathers yellowiih white ; the end of each of a deeper chocolate than the red'

of the feather; the very tip and the fhafts of a dirty white : the

wings and tail nearly of equal lengths : the legs are feathered to

the toes ; the laft are of a greeniih yellow : claws black, large,

" and hooked. ,

The above is defcribed from a fpecimen in ray own collection.

It feems a larger bird than that from which INIr. Fennant took his

D 1 defcription j — j

CO FALCON.

defcription ; biic there is fcarce a doubt of its being the fame bird.

It inhabits both Hudfon's Bay and Newfoundland -, preys much on

Bucks ; fits on a rock and watches their rifing, when ic inftantly ftrikes at them *.

55- Sacre, Gen. Syn, i, p. 77. N" 59. JrB. Zool. N° 96. SACRE.

HIS Sacre is.ufed in Tartary (or falconry ; and is a courage-

ous, ftrong fpecies, attacking every thing that comes in its

way. Inhabits Hudfon's Bay, where, if we do not miftake the

fpecies, it is known by the name oi Fapanafeu Kacake-\,

63. ^ Crefted Indian Falcon, Gen. Syn. i. p. 80. N" 63 = CRESTED IN- DIAN F. A MONG fome drawings belonging to the late Dr. Fothergilli Description, I find one of thefe figured ; it differs from that defcribed by

mcj in having a broad bar of black acrofs the breaft, and another on the wing coverts.

Black and White Falcon, Gen. Syn. i. 81. N°65 ? 65. p. BLACK AND Le Faucon a collier des Indes, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. \%z.—Zool. hid. p. 12, WHITE F. pi. 2 {

Description. T ENGTH fixteen inches. Bill black : irides rufous : yellow

head: throat, hind part of the neck, and back, black : breaff,

belly, thighs, and rump, white: the lefi"er wing coverts white

the middle ones black j greater ones and fecondary quills filvery

afli-colour j prime quills black : tail pale filvery grey : legs rufous yellow.

* Arii. Zool. t The Peregrins F, goes by this name, See p. i3. 8 The — —

FALCON. 21

- : general Female. 'j;[iQ female is {omcwhat bigger than the male colour three round black fpots, filvery grey : on the wing coverts are and quills prinnaries three others on the outer webs of the fecond : black: fides of the belly, thighs, and vent, white; tranfverQy ftriated with a rufous red.

Inhabits India : feems much allied to my Black ajidlVhite Fal- Place. or con, N° 65. if not the fame bird : is called in India, Cbouama, Rat-killer *.

6g. White Gyi-falcon, Gen. Syn. i. p. 83. N° 6g.—Ara. Zool. ii. p. 121. F. 4-WHITE JER. FALCON. /^OMMON at Utidfon's Bay, where it is called Pau pune nay

fue. Length twenty-three inches : weight forty- five ounces Troy: varies much in colour f.

Brown Lanner, Gen. Syn. i. p. 86. N° 72. ArB. Zool. ii. p. 225. K. 72. LANNER. Falco lanarius, Briw. p. i. N" i, 2. Mtiller, N°67.

^'jpH.'E Lanner inhabits Iceland and the Ferroe IJles, Denmark,

and Sweden ; frequent in the Tartarian deferts and the Ba- raba ; none in the northern or eaftern part of Sihiria \ : well known about Aftrachan, and builds in all the deferts, among the fhrubs and low trees ; is ufed by the Calmucs in falconry |[. In feme parts is migratory, but flays in Frame the whole year §.

* Being a great enemy to Rais ; as alfo to Mice, Lizards, and other vermin,

Hutchins. iii. t Mr. % Mr. Pennant. \\ Dec. Rujf, p. 303..

§ Hljl. de Lyons, i. p, 206.

Henharrier, —— — —

FALCON.

Kenharrier, Gen. Syn. \. 82. N" j^.—Will. Oix. pi. RINGTAIL p. p. 72, 7. Falco torquatus, Brun. N° 14. Kram. El. p. 330. N° 13.

Ringtail, Gen. Sjn. 1. p. 89. N^/j. Jra. Zool. ii. N° 106.

Falco cyaneus, Midler, N" 74. Faun. Arag. p. 68. Kram.El. "$. ^zg^

N012. -

OWEVER certain I have prefumed to be in the Synopjts,

that the Henharrier and Ringtail were different fpecieSj I have lately had occafion to fufpend that opinion, for the reafons below

mentioned, of which the candid reader is left to judge for him-

felf, whether there may be foundation or not for retracing it. At the time of our fuppofing that the two birds above mentioned were of different fpecies, we departed from the opinion of

that faithful and obfervant naturalift, , M, Brijfon, who joins the two without hefitation, as well as the authority o^ Ray and Wil~ Jughby, with fome others of leffcr note, who likewife efteemed

them as one and the fame ; but we were induced fo to do from the teftimony of Mr. Pennant having found a Ringtail of the inale fex, feconded by a fimilar circumftance falling under our own obfervation, which naturally led us to fufpedl the pofTibility of the

" above-mentioned writers having been miftaken.

As the firfl ftep towards a further enquiry, let us compare the

two birds together ; when we fliall find, that, -

I. T\\t irides mhot-h zre yellow.

n. The wreath of (hort ftiff feathers, furrounding the l^ead, ap-

pears equally the fame in the Henharrier as in the. Ringtail.

3. The form of the bill, length of the wi?igs, fize and colour of

the legs^ are the fame in both^

4. All FALCON. 23

4- All the Henhartisrs are nearly of the fame fize, viz. abouc twelve ounces in weight, and feven inches in length. All the

Ringtails likewife correfpond in fize, viz. about eighteen ounces in weight, and twenty inches in length. Some fort of proof of the difference in fex, the male in the Falcon genus being ever the fmalleft. Added to which, Dr, Hey/ham obferves, that as thefe birds are in plenty about him, he has opened many, and that the Henharriers have ever proved to be males, and the Ringtails turned out to be females. This very obfervation Kramer has likewife made, having diflecled feveral of each j from which he hefitates whether the two birds in queftion be not the fame, againft the common opinion of the fportfmen of Auftria, who think them to be different*. Dr. H.. adds, that the Duke of Buccleugh's, game-keeper has deftroyed fome hundreds, and has frequently fhot both ?«<«/^ and- /«»«/^ from the fame neft. Lord

Carlijle's game-keeper likewife avers the fame.

In one of this laft gentleman's letters to me, in anfwer to what might be urged in behalf of the two birds being different in fpecies, he hints the great difficulty that there fometimes is in afcer-

taining the fex, except in pairing time, when the difference is vi- n lible even to a fuperficial obferver. Pie likewife takes notice of their varying in colour at different ages, a matter not unfrequenr

in feveral of the Falcon gtnvs. What then if this fhould be the

fingle point which has occafioned the difference of opinion in /

* His words are, " Venatores unanimi confenfu diflincElas fpecies ftatuunt,

' cumnullaillis accipitrini generis pra;ter tinnunculum fpeciesinnotefcat,cujus " fcemina a mare colore diftinguitiir. Ego plures duodecimEe f & decim^ ter-

" tiae I fpeciei exaniinavi, fed 12 conllanter marem, 13 fcEminam reperivi." Erenc. p, 331.

\ Henharrier. J Eiiigta'l. various 10 24 F A L C O N.

various authors ? I have alfo had my doubts about it, from ob-

ferving z Ringtail, which had the back changing to a blueifh lead-

colour; but what has ftrengthened me in the opinion of its be-

ing foj is an obfervation of a very learned naturalift *, to the fol-

lowing purport. " The Ringtail is extremely common in Rujia

" as well as Sibiria : in more temperate and open couHtries is

" certainly not to be diftinguifhed from the Henharrier : both are

" found as far as the Lake Baikal; and I have obferved, more " than once, birds that were changing colours, and getting the

" white feathers. The truth is, that the firft year all are dark-

" coloured, very differently variegated ; but at the fecond change

" of feathers, chiefly the males grow whitifli ; and fuch are the au- " gural birds of the Monguls and Calmucs."

Here then feems the difficulty folved, and may perhaps ferve to reconcile the contrarieties of opinion hitherto entertained on this fubjeft. That Ringtails have turned out males, on dilTeftion, has been clearly proved, certainly owing to fuch having been

young birds before their change of plumage : but I do not hear of

a fingle Henharrier having been met with of the oppofite fex ; till

that circumflance fliall happen, may we not fairly conclude, that

both the one and the other have at firfh the Ringtail plumage, and

that in a feries of years, more or lefs, the male gains the lead-

colour, approaching neareft to white in proportion to its age -,

and that, notwithftanding the females get paler by age alfo, yet

they are never without fome mixture of ferruginous ? It may indeed require fome time, though this matter may be afcertained by taking the young birds from the neft, keeping them for a requi-

* Dr. Pallas, in his manufcript catalogue of birds of X\itRu^an empire, fur- nlflied to me by Mr- Pennant, fite . — —

FALCON. 25

fite number of years ; and till this is done, the fadt may be by

fame flill held in doubt.

One thing however fliould not efcape notice, which is, that no author, which has fallen under my obfervation, mentions the Hen-

harrier as a bird of the American continent, or ifles adjacent,

though the Ringtail and its varieties are common throughout. That the ferruginous brown colour may not change, in the warmer

climates, as Carolina^ and parts more fouthward, as Jamaica, 8scc.

is not furprifing j but towards the north, as at Hudfon's Bay, where

it is frequently feen in other birds, appears fingular. Let this be confidered, and reafons given why fuch change fhould happen

in Great- Britain, and various parts of the old continent, and not in the new ; for my part I know of none.

The reader will, it is to be hoped, pardon this long digreffion,

as it is meant to clear up a point hitherto held in controverfy. The above hints may urge others to make further obfervations, in order to obtain a certainty in this ; and may at the fame time lead us to difcriminate other birds, fuppofed of different fpecies, perhaps proving, on a more intimate acquaintance, to be merely owing to oppofition of fex.

Keftril, Gen. Syit. i. p. 94. N° 79. —J>-<^. Zool. ii. p. 226. M. 79, *** Falco tinnunculus, Brun. N" 4, 5. Mailer, N"65. Faun. Arag. N°4. KESTRIL F.

'T'HIS fpecies is not uncommon in many parts of the continent of Europe. The female faid to lay four eggs *, of a pale ferruginous colour, marked with many irregular fpots of a deeper hue f

* Hijl. de Lyon, i. p. 207. \ Portland Muf. SUPPL. E Red- — t

25 - FALCON.

RED-THROAT- Red-throated Falcon, Gift. Sj/i. i. p. 97. N" 82, ED F. Female. T ENGTH one foot eleven inches. Bill one inch and a half

long J yellow, with the bafe and cere dufky : eyelids fur-

nifhed with ftrong black lafhes : throat and fides of the head very bare of feathers, fprinkled only with narrow ones almoft like

hairs : the fkin of a dirty purple : the general colour of the plu-

mage gloflTy blue, changing to a greenifh black, except the lower

" belly and thighs, which are white: the tail is ten inches in

length, even at the end : legs yellow : claws black.

This, I make no doubt, is the fame with that defcribed in my

Synopj^s ; but as the one here mentioned is at leaft five inches

longer, we may fijppofe it to be the female. It came under my infpeflion among a colleflion of birds brought from Cayenne.

85. Sparrow Hawk, Gen. Sjn. 1. p. 99. N° 85. ArSl. Zool. ii. p, 226. N.

'T^HIS is found as high as Sondmor, and in the Ferroe IJlands * in the fouth o^ RnJJia, but not in Sibiria : feems fpread almoft throughout the old continent, from the above-named

places to the Cape of Good Hope -, and perhaps extends to China likewife, as we have obferved a bird among fome Chinefe drawings fo exaftly like as to appear as a mere variety, not more differing than individuals of this fpecies do from each other in this climate.

This bird builds in various manners and places : often in the

deferted nefts of other birds ; alfo in pollard trees, and among

rs(ks FALCON. a?

rocks &r[d ruifis: lays four or five e^gs, of a" dufky whitej marked with ruft-coloured blotches, of irregular fizes and ftiapes *. In

former times has been ufed in falconry f.

86. Pigeon Ge», Sjn, i. N*^ 86. Hawk, p. lOK - PIGEON HAWK. npHIS breeds at Hud/on's Bay, making the neft of flicks and

grafs, lined with feathers, in the hollow of a tree : lays from

two to four white eggs, thinly marked with red fpots : the young

fly in Jugujl : is known by the name of Fecufijh-%.

Ingrian Falcon, Gen. Sj/fi. i. p. 102. N" 83. 88. Falco vefpertinus, Georgi Reife, p. 164. INGRIAN F.

'T'HIS fpecies is common about the lake Baikal: is known at

AJirachan by the nameof Xe^^^r ||. It has much of the man^ ners of the Kejiril, but extends farther eaji than either that bird or t\\Q Hobby, though lefs common than either §.

89. Great-billed Falcon, Gen, Syn. i. p. 103. N^Sg. GREAT-BILL- ED F. N a colleflion of birds from Cayenne, I met with the follov/ing,

which I fuppofe to be allied to this bird. Length to the rump twelve inches: bill very large in proportion to the fize of the bird, at lead of twice the ufual proportion ; upper mandible black, the under yellow : about the eyes almoft bare of fea-

* Portland Muf. t Will. Orn. p. 86. X Mr. HutcMns. Dec, Ruff, il. p. 142. 4 Mr. Pennant.

E 2 thcrs -. —— :

2S FALCON.

cliers : the plumage on the upper parts brown, each feather margined with ferruginous: behind the neck a crefcent of white: chin and fore pare of the neck rufous; near the end of each feather

a bar of black : the under parts of the body white ; lower belly

and thighs barred rufous and white. The tail was wanting. This

is perhaps the bird that Buffon has defcribed*; but in the PL Enl, \i to which he refers, the bill is not larger than common.

90. Hobby, Gen. Syn. i. p. 203. N° 90. ArB. Zoo/, ii. p. Z27. O. +- HOBBY. Faico fubbuteo, Brun. N° 10, 11. Muller, N°63.

npHIS bird feems not to venture fo far north as many others :

is not met with in any part of Sweden, except the moft

yo«//5'fr« provinces J : migrates /o«/^ in autumn-, winters s^bout

Woronefch and^ JJlrachan 1| : is moft common in the open country,^

particularly in the deferts of Tartary and Sibiria, whenever fmall

trees are at hand in which it may breed §. We believe this to be

the moft rapid in flight of all the Hawks. Larks will not truft

to their wings while the Hobby is in fightj and we remember once to have feen a Swallow purfued and overtaken, while on the wingj,

by this bird^

ORANGE- Oraflge-brealled Hobby, Gen. Syn. i, p. loj. N" gi. BREASTED HOBBY. T HAVE met with two of thefe birds, which I fufpeft to be males; the one in length only nine inches, the other fcarcely

ttn : in the firft, the bars on the back were not very confpicuous

* Vol. I. p. 237. t 464. the Jrff. J: Scarcely beyond province of Schonen, ZooL

il Dec. Rujliurp. 14Z. § Mr. Pennant. the F A I. C O N, 2^

the throat only orange : chin plain white : fpace round the eyes fparingly covered with feathers^ The fecond had a large rufous patch on the throat, in the mid-

dle of which was a fpot of white : the upper parts brown black,

barred with blueifh : breaft and belly the fame, but crofied with

narrow bars of white : lower belly, thighsv and vent, rufous: legs orange. Both the above eame from Cayenne.- Placb.

Merlin, Gen. Syn. i. 106. N° p. 95. MERLIN.

TT has been fuppofed that the Merlin does not flay with us in

fummer; but I am affured by Dr. Heyjham that it breeds in Cumberland, and that he has met with two nefts, in each of which were four young, placed on the ground like that of the Ringtail. The bird fuppofed to feed at a diftance from the neft. Thefe birds vary much in colour: in fome, the back and wings are not of a blueifh afh-colour, but ferruginous. Their manner of building alfo varies, a pair of them having built in an old Crow's nefl, near Cowbit, in Lancajhire : of thefe it was obferved, that when they firfl came, they were perpetually making a noifej but after y the hen had hatched, became quite filent *. Is met with on the continent o( Europe, but we believe no where common : obferved now and then in the Cafpian Defert and Baraba f . The egg is of a plain chocolate-brown, roundifh, one inch and a quarter in both alike length X' The male and female ||.

* Gent. Mag. 1766. p, 24. f Mr. Pennant.

Lyon. i. % Portland Muf. \\ Hifi. de p. 202.

Plain :

3<* FA L C O N.

99- Plain Falcon, ArB. 2,ooh ii. PLAIN F. N" 104.

D B S C R I P T I f T ENGTH two feet one inch. Bill black : head dufky : nape

fpotted with v.'hite : back, wing coverts, and tail, uniform

deep brown : under fide of the neck, breafl, belly, and thighs,

deep brown, flightly fpotted with white : primaries dufliy ; inner webs marked with great oval fpots of white, mottled with brown:

middle feathers of the tail plain brown j inner webs of the reft:

mottled with white j exterior webs and ends flightly edged with

the fame : legs ftrong, yellow : wings nearly the length of the

tail. Place. Inhabits Hudfotfs Buy.

100. BLACK-NECK- Lev. Muf. ED F. DiSCRIPTION, ENGTH one foot eleven inches. Bill black: general co-

lour rufous, tranfverfely barred with black ; the bars very

narrow on the belly and thighs : behind the eye a ftreak of black :

on the fore part of the neck a large patch of black : top of the head and neck longitudinally ftriped with black: belly fhaded

with chefnut : quills black : end of the tail duflcy ; legs yellow : claws black. Place. Inhabits Cayenne.

101. WHITE-NECK- ED F. Description. ENGTH one foot ten inches. Bill black: head, neck, back, between the wings, and all beneath, white: on the lower part of the neck behind fome lozenge-fhaped black fpots wing FALCON. Jt

wing coverts black, fpotted with white : quills black half way

from the bafe, fpotted wich white within ; fecondaries tipped with

white : legs ftout, yellow : claws blacks

I n h abi ts Cayenne^ Place. I02. ASIATIC F. Description, L'^ENGTH twenty-one inches. General naarkings of the body and wings greatly fimilar to the common Buzzard, but

much lefs in fize : bill blueifh black : bread cream colour, dafh-

ed down the fliafts with dufliy black : belly, thighs, and vent,

white : quills grey, barred with dufky black : on the fecondaries

a bar of the fame near the end : baftard wing and greater coverts

the fame : tail nine inches and a half long, rounded, of a pale fil-

very grey ; on the outer feather five or fix irregular dufky bars,

or rather blotches, down the fhaft, not very diftinft, the others

plain J the upper coyerts white: legs yellow, feathered on the fore part below the knees. Inhabits China. In polThiTion of Sir JofephBanks.' Place.

Leverha Falcon, Jr

CIZE much lefs than the Ofprey. Bill dufky blue, ftout, and Descriptign.,

hooked : the head, neck, and under parts, white : crown of

the head mixed brown and white : upper parts of the body brown, the feathers margined and tipped with white: on each fide of the head a duflcy mark, fituated as in the Ofprey : tail barred brown and white, except the two middle feathers, which are brown and black J the Ibafts white : legs yellow. Inhabits Carolina, Place, 7 SIZE ;

3i FALCON.

104. JOHANNA F. Desceiptiow. CIZE uncertain. Blllblackj bafe of the under mandible yel-

low : head, neck, and under parts of the body, ferruginous,

marked with black linear fpots : quills and tail black brown

the laft cuneiform in (hape; its coverts whirifh : legs yellow. Pt-ACE. Inhabits India, the ifland of Johanna. The defcription taken

froni a manufcript in the pofleffion of the late Dr. Fothergill.

MADAGASCAR L'Autour a ventre raye de Madagafcar, Son. Voy, Ind. ii. p. loi. pi. 103. F.

Description. QIZE of a Pheafant. Bill black, curved from the bafe : the eye furrounded with a naked yellow fkin, reaching from the

bafe of the bill to the hind head ; irides yellow: the top of the

head, fieck, back, and wing coverts, pale cinereous grey j the

larger coverts marked with black near the tips : quills white, within halfway from the bafe barred with dufky black, the end

half black: under part of the wings ftriated white and black :

breaft, belly, and rump, white, marked with curved black bands :

tail black, crofled about the middle with a band of white dotted

with black : legs yellow.

Place. Inhabits Madagafcar, where it is called by the French Aigle

raye. The manners are not faid -, tut, from the bill being lefs

hooked in the plate than mentioned in the defcription, from the

fides of the head being fo very bare, and the claws very little

hooked, I have my fufpicions of its rather belonging to the Vul' tare genus, than that of the Falcon.

SIZE '

FALCON. 3J

106. CHEELA F. CIZE large, and of a very flout make: length two feet or Descriptioh,

more. Bill blue at the bafe, black at the tip : irides pale yellow : general colour of the plumage deep brown •; before the eyes marked with white : the head feathers are fomewhat elongated, but fcarcely fo much as to be called a crefi : wing coverts marked with fmall white fpots : quills darker than the reft of the plumage : tail the fame, crofTed in the middle with a bar of white about an inch and a half broad : thighs and belly of a paler brown than the upper parts ; the firft marked with a few white fpots, the lafl plain : legs of a pale yellow, fcaly : claws black.

Inhabits India, where it is not uncommon : known there by the Place. name of Cheela *.

107. RUFOUS- HEADED F. T ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill black-brown j cere yellow : DfiSCRIPTION* head and neck rufous, each feather dafhed with brown j throat and behind the eyes marked with narrow ftripes of black : back and rump brown : fcapulars clouded, cinereous-grey barred with brown : chin pale rufous yellow : under parts of the body dirty white, crofTed with numerous bars of alh-colour : feathers on the fides of the tail black and white mixed : tail feven inches long, the four middle feathers crofTed with a buff-coloured bar an inch and a half from the end ; the others marked with five or fix of the fame, the tips alfo buff-coloured : quills cf^am-colour, barred with narrow black lines, the ends blackifh ; fecondaries the fame, but barred only on the inner webs. Inhabits Cayenne. 'LACE.

* Mr. MiddUtoit.

^ako. . . : -

3"% A L c o rr.

ip8 = ,

ARABIAN Faico, Eatm. Arab. p. I .

. KITE. IJescriptiom. ^MALLER than our Kite:, length eighteen tnches,. Bilt

and cere yellow : the feathers of the head narrow, and of a ru-

fous brown, dafiied with black down the fhafts : back, and w^ing, coverts cinereous, with brown fhafts: quills brown v/ithout,.

within grey,, fafciated with brown j the ends black: the tail the length of the body, and forked, the wing, when clofed, not reach-

ing to the end of it; the feathers cinereous, banded with brown %-

legs^ yellow ; half of the fhins covered with feathers t claws-. black.

IPX-ASEo _ This i& faid to be frequent in Egypt m the fummer, and thcr Arabic minz Hadddi.

log. Be'v.Mu/.: StREAKED F. D'e'scrxption. I.ZE of a Rook : length fifteen inches and' a half Bill black; cere yellow: head and neck white, each feather

marked with a black ftreak down the fhaft ; through the eye a

black ftreak : back and wing coverts black, fpotted with white

quills plain black : tail black, croiTed with a confpicuous white, bar about the middle, and a few fpots of the fame on the inaer^

webs of fome of the outer feathers : the under partSiof the bodp

white: legs yellow : claws black,.

Pl'A C E i Inhabits. C^_)W«^.

1 10. NOTCHED F. Description, LENGTH fourteen-incHes, Bill brown; the under mandible yellow, the upper one furnifhed with a double notch about the iniddle: the plumage on the upper parts blueifh black:-.

3,. hreafi; FALCON. 31^

ijreaft and belly rufous, the laft clouded with white : vent white ;

quills barred with white within : tail deep lead-colourj marked

with three bars of a paler colour on the outer webs, and on the

inner as many of white placed oppofite : legs yellow. Inhabits Cayenne; Place.

III. ^ RHOMBOIDAL F. T EN GTH nineteen inches. Bill dufky blue : head, and hind Descriptiok.

part of the neck, black j fore part of the neck very light brown', back and wings grey, barred with black: belly pale reddilh brown, marked with rhomboidal fpots of black: tail grey, crofled with eleven or twelve bars of black, placed obliquely: legs pale yellowifh green.

Inhabits the river Ganges, in India, and other places in that PtACE, neighbourhood.

112." BEHREE F. T ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill pale blue: colour of the Description,

plumage blackilli brown above, white beneath j the black -Male. curves forward towards the throat, and the white pafTes backwards above it, not unlilce thediftribution of thofe c6lours in the black Falcon : bread, belly, and thighs, marked with cordated black fpots flatted at top : tail crofTed with indiftinfl; bars of a paler colour : legs yellow : claws black.

The younger bird is marked fomewhat different: the ge- Female,

neral colour, on the upper parts, pale reddifh brown : the throat)

and a patch behind the eye, white : fore part of the neck and

breaft marbled with pale brown and white : belly, thighs, and F 2 vent. .

5 FALCON,

vent, white : tail pale brown, croffed with narrow indiftincl: whitff bars.

Place. This fpecies inhabits /«<://

M3- , ]?s.\cofa{cas. Faun. Groea. N" ^/\..h. GREENLANI)' ^^^^^ Falcon, Cra^tz, i. 78.—^^^^^,.64.

Du&y F. jiriS. Zool, ii. p. azo. E.

JPsscriptiont T ess thaa the Collared Falcon, Cere and legs lead'-colburi: irides dufky: crown brown, fpotted" with white: nape and

throat white : breaft and belly yellowiih white, ftreaked down-

wards with dufky : back dufky, -.inged with blue ; the ends of the feathers lighteft, and fprinkled over with a few white fpots,

efpecially towards. the, rump : tail dulky, croITedvery faintly w"ith

paler bars ; the under llde whitifh : the- tail of the young is black, with great brown fpots on the exterior webs,

frc,iCE. This fpecies inhabits Gre(?«/tf»i throughout, and is feen on the

I Ice IJlands remote from (hore. In the breeding feafon retires in-

' land: lays from three to five fpotted eggs : preys on various birds, darting on them like an arrow out of a bow; and gives bat-

tle to the Raven, but feldom proves vidloriouSj as^ the lafl, by its

fcreams, brings together others to its aid, which in concert drive

off the enemy. The fiefh is fometimes, though rarely, eaterr.

The fkins ufed for garments. \t 2i\k> 'wihsb'm Iceland', Fahricius thinks this bird to be a variety- or young of the CoAt

tared Falcon f.—In the ArSiic Zcology it«is confidered as a diftind:.

fpecies. „;,

*-Mt. MiMeton. f Vol. i. p. .56,

LENGXHi . .

FALCON. 37

114. PLUMBEOUS F. T EN GTH thirteen -inches and a half. Plumage on the upper description.

parts lead-colour : round the eye fomewhat bare: wings and

tail darkeft; the laft fix inches in length, and nearly black, croflTed near the bafe and the middle with two narrow lines of white, butj except the two middle ones, only on the inner webs ; beneath white, tranfverfely marked with narrow alh-coloured bars : chin pale cinereous white : juft round the eye bare of feathers ; between the legs white : legs long and yellow.

Inhabus Ca^enm-, • Flace,

Dubious Falcon, Ar£l. Zool. li, N? 1 1 2. n - DUBIOUS F.

T EN GTH ten inches : weight fix ounces. Bill dulky : cere Descrim-xon,

and irides- yellow : head dufky, ftreaked with ruft-colour; back and wing coverts brown, edged with ruft: primaries dufky afH-colour, barred with black, the inner webs marked tranfverfely with oval ferruginous fpots : breaft and belly dirty white, marked with oblong ftreaks of brown, not unlike the Englijh Merlin : tail longi of a deep cinereous, croffed with four bars of black, refem- hVwg that of the Sparrow-Hawk.

Inhabits New Terk and CarjoUna : not improbably a variety of' Plac^*-. the Pigeon-Hawk *.

* Ara. Zool. —It is alfo greatly fimilar to my American Bronun Hmvk„~ Syn,'u - p. 98..N" 84..

Duiky F A JL, C O Kc

'•6- Dulky Falcon, ^r^.ZW.ii. N° 113. ,, „ ^ •* AMERICAN F. .Description, y £35 than the Dubious 7. Bill blueilh ; upper mandibk

armed with a fharp procefs ; cere yellow : headj back, wing

coverts, and thofe of the tail, duflcy brown, flightly edged with

ferruginous: hind part of the neck fpotted with white : primaries

dufky ; inner webs marked with oval fpots of a pale ruft-colour : tzAJkort^ tipped with white, and barred with four broad dufky

ilrokes, and the fame number of narrow ones of white : from the

chin to the tail whicifh, ftreaked downwards with diftind lines of

black : legs deep yellow, TiAcx. Inhabits iV^y T^r/^.

I '7' La petite Bufe Criarde, Sdii. Toy. hid, li. p. 1S4. ^ ^ J i' •CRIARD F. -^ jDescription. CIZE of a Wood-Pigeon. Billfhort: irides yellow j eyes fur-

rounded with a naked red fldn ; the eyelids furnifned with

true eye-lalhes : top of the head, hind part of the neck, back,

rump, and tail, cinereous grey : leffer wing coverts black ; the

middle ones cinereous grey ; the greater, greyifh black : throat

and under parts white: legs yellowi claws black j th€ middle one large.

PiAcj, This inhabits the coaft of CoromandeJ : met with frequently in

the rice-fields, where there are great quantities of fmall Frogs, on

\^hich it is fuppofed to feed : is a fny bird ; and, as it cries out

aloud when any one appears in fight, it has obtained the name of Criard,

, Le'o, FALCON, 59

I'8. Itv.T Mu/..Tilt r TINY F.

T ENGTH from bill to rump fix inches. Bill dufky: plu- Description.- mage on the upper parts cinereous brown: crown of the head dufky white : under parts-of the body of this lad colour, barred with dufky : legs yellow. The tail was wanting..

This minute fpecies was brought from C3>^^»«^,..and, is by much,. Pxace,. ^. fmalleft Lever metwith».

G ENUS — —

GzNus III. O W L.

*EARED OWLS. ** WITH SMOOTH HEADS.,

15. a. Chinefe E. O. 41. Wapacuthu O. 15. b. Coromandel E. O. 42. Spedtacle O. 43. Mountain O. *EARED OWLS.

GREAT Great Eared Owl, Gen. Syn. i. p. 116. N° i. Ara. Zool. ii. N" 114. E. OWL. Strix Bubo, Mulkr, p. 10. Georgi Rei/e, p. i6\.~Faun. Arag. p. 70,

'T^HIS fpecies is faid to inhabit various places on the old con-

tinent, extending even to the arSiic region, and is connmon

alfo at Kamtfchatka, Is feen alfo at AJirachan, to the fouth ; and mentioned, annong others, as frequenting Aleppo. Is now and then

feen with us, one being fliot by the game-keeper of the Rev.

Mr. Hare, at Hurjtmondeaunt in Sujfex, in the year 1784.

VIRGINIAN Virginian Eared Owl, Gen. Syn. i. p. 1 19. N" 2. E. OWL. 'X'HIS is fmaller than the European fpecies ; but, from its great

fimilarity thereto, is by fome efteemed a variety of that bird.

It is common both to South and North America; not unfrequent

at Hudfon's Bay, where it frequents the woods, and builds the neft

in March ; it is compofed of a few flicks laid acrofs, for the moft part placed on thtpne trees. The young fly in June. The eggs z are ;

OWL; 4T are two in number, of a dull white. The bird is called by the natives Natowokey Omijfew *.

The Owl was accounted a bird of ill omen by the Egyptians and

Romans, and is held to this day in fuperftitious fear by the Ameri- can favages. By the Athenians it was held facred j and, from its appearance of gravity, fuppofed emblematic of wifdom, and in courfe dedicated to the goddefs Minerva. Particular veneration was obferved to be paid to it in Oneeheow by our circumnavigators t ; and the fame thing was alfo mentioned by Dampier, in refpeft to the natives of the weft fide of New Holland. The

Owl is called by the inhabitants of the Friendly JJles, Looloo %.

Ceylonefe Owl, Gen, Syn. i. 1 p. 20. N" 4. , CEYLONESE

1 T is obferved by Mr. Mar/den, that feveral Owls are found in

Sumatra ||, and in particular the great horned one ; by which he moft probably means this fpecies.

An Owl, the fize of a Hen, is alfo faid to be common to India of a grey colour, with the end of each feather marked with con- centric circles of pearly grey of different ftiades. This laft is faid to be net Ihy, and is fometimes itcn flying in the day time §.

* Hutchins. f Cook's LaJiVoy.yoi.n.'^.zxtj. J Id. Append, Hiji. tl Sumatr. p. 98.

§ Ef. Phil. p. 61.—Whether this is the fame, or a different fpecies, cannot be determined, as no horns are mentioned.

SuPPt, G Long- .

4a OWL.

5. Long-eared Owl, Ge>i. Syn. i. p. 121. N" ^.—-JrB. Zool. ii. N" 115. 4- LONG-EAR- strix otus, Brun. N" 16.—Muller, 10.—Faun, jirag. 1 EDO. p. p, 7

'T^HIS fpecies is found in various parts of Europe, being met with in Sweden, and far north in the RuJJian dominions, to the fouth at Aftrathan, and even to Egypt*. Welikewife remember to have feen fiich a one among fome Chineje drawings, where,

from its relative fize to others in the fame coUeftion, it could

be no other than this fpecies. It is likewife an inhabitant of

America ; but how fur fouib, has not come to our knowledge. It

is, however, common at Hudfon's Bay, where it ftays the year

round.. The weight of a male is eight ounces and a half: the

breadth twenty-eight inches. Is not met with, except at aconfi-

derable diftance from \}^e.Jea ; and feldom {qzx\ in the day, but of

nights is very clamorous. It breeds in trees, and lays four white

eggs in April. The young fly the end of May. It goes by the name oi Amijk Oho^.

R^d Owl, Gen. Syn. i. 123. N" ^.—Ara. Zoo!. N" 1 17. pi. rr. T.T.1' 17 n p. Strix Afio, Faun. Groenl. N" 37.

'T'HIS is found in the fouthern parts of Greenland, t^^tz'x^^y

about Ttinnudliorbick ; and is probably the one known there by the name of Siutilok.

* Ara. Zaoh f Mr.. Hutchins.

Short- O W Ei 43

Short-eared Owl, Gen, Syn. i. p. 124. N" 9. ^-SHORT-EAR. ED OWL. 'T'HIS fpecies is very common in the northern and woody parts

o^ Sibiria : comes blindly bold to the night fires, and aflaults inen, fo as often to be killed with flicks. Has been met with at Falkland IJlands, fo probably is common to South as well as

North America *. It vifits Hudfon's Bay in May j makes a neft of dry grafs on the ground. The eggs are white. It departs fouth in September. Known to the Englijh by the name o( Moufe Hawk. By the natives called Thothofecaufew\. Is known to fome in

England by the name of Woodcock Owl, as it is fuppofed to -appear and retreat with that bird. Is very fierce and courageous. One having been fhot in Derbyjhire in the wing, would not fuffer itfelf to be taken up, as it flew at the perfon with furprifing fury,

and was obliged to be difpatched before it could be fecured J. It

is far from uncommon ; but, as far as my obfervation leads me, is not met with fo often as the long-eared fpecies.

Scops E. Owl, Gen, Sjn. i. p. 129. '5- SCOPS E. O. nPHISis pretty common in the fouth of Ruffia, and wefl:ern

parts of Sibiria; but not obferved eaftward ||.

• jir3. ZooJ. f Mr. Huuhins. X Mr. Tunjlall.'-.l have alfo heard a fimilar inftance confirmed to me by another hand. ,

II MuPinnant,

G 2 •Hibou .

44 OWL.

Hibou de la Chine, Son, Voy. Ind. ii. p. 185. CHINESE E. O ^ CIZE of the Long-eared O. Bill black : top of the head, hind ' Description. • O 7 i 1 j -i r part of the neck, back, rump, wing coverts, and tail, ruroua

brown, marked with fine undulated black lines : quills the fame j befides which, the fecond quills have four tranfverfe bands of a pale rufous colour, and the outer webs of the greater ones are

fpotted with rufous white : the forehead is white : fore part of

the head pale rufous : on each feather of the throat is a dafh of

black down the fliafr, broadeft near the end : brcaflr, belly, and thighs, of a deeper rufous, with a darker ftreak down the middle-

of each feather, crofled by bands of white : legs black. Place. Inhabits China.

^° Hibou de la Cote de Coromandel, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. i86i f^OROMANDEL P^''' p^ E. O.

is third lefs than the laft. Bill black : irides yel^ „ HP HIS one ' Description. i low : the cheeks are white : the head and upper parts ru-

fous grey, fpotted with rufous white : fecond quills the fame, and

crofled with rufous white bands, one of which is at the ends;

prime quills darker, fpotted on the outer web like the others : the

tail alfo is fimilar, and crofled with three bands : the under parts

of the body reddifli, tranfverfely marked with curved bands of

black : legs reddifli, and feathered to the claws.

Place. Inhabits the coafl: of Cere»2a»

the eared feathers, is not faid ; but by the name Hibou being ap-

plied, it fliould feem to belong to the eared fpecies. In fome

drawings at Sir 'jofe^ph Banks's I met with one correfponding

exaftly as to colour j and the length in the drawing was twenty inches. This had vaft ears ftanding upright over the forehead.

I *»WITH OWL. c:^ 4$

**WITH SMOOTH HEADS.

Snowy Owl, G^n. 5/». i. p. 132.N'' 17.—y/?-;!?. Zo«/. N" 117. iig. in frontifp. 17. Suix nyftea, Gwr^z Rei/e, p. 164.'—Midler,—Brun. p. -j.-^Faun. Groenh ^ SNOWY O^ N» 16.

nPH E length of this is two feet, but varies exceedingly : weight Descriptiok. from one pound and a half to three pounds. Is a fcarce bird in RuJJia ; but more frequent in the Uralian mountains, as it is all over the north and eaji of Sibiria : is very numerous in Kamtf- thatka *. It is known in Sweden by the name of Harfang f , and goes under the fame appellation at AJirachan J, where it is not unfrequent* Is alfo common as high as Greenland, and builds in the hollows of rocks, at a diftance from habitations : lives chiefly on Ptarmigans and Hares, which it drops on by Health ; though obferved at Hudfon's Bay to feed likcwife on Mice and fmall Birds,

This is there called Wapacuthu {[.

Cinereous Owl, Gca. ^», i. p. 134. N" 19. 19.

Sooty Owl, ^r

T^HE male of this bird is two feet in length, and weighs three

pounds« Irides yellow : from the breaft to the vent is a

fpace about an inch in breadth^ quite bare of feathers. Is not un-

• ArS. ZtoL f Faun. Suec. X Dee. Rujf. ii. p. 142.—Thofe feen about Woronefch, on the liver Don, faid to

be deep-coloured in fummer, and white in winter, /^. i. p. 91.

I) Mr. Huuh'm, common: —

4« o w l;

common in the woods at Hudfon's Bay, where it is a conftant in-

habitant : it builds the neft on zfim tree the middle of May, with

a few loofe flicks, lined with feathers : lays two eggs, marked

v/ith darkifh-coloured fpots : the young fly the end oijuly. Mofl-

ly feen in pairs : the chief food Mice and Rahbits : flies low, yet with great force, often ftriking itfelf into the fnow a foot deep

when in chafe after its prey : is fo ftrong as to be able to fly off

with an American Hare alive in its talons : is called at Hudfori's

Bay^ Omijfew Athinetov., ox Speckled Owl*.

26. White Owlj Gen. Syn. 1. p. 138. N" 26. Jt-a. Zool. N° 124.

WHITE O- strix flammea, Muller, p. 11.

T^HIS is common both to North and South America., as well as various parts of the continent of Europe, though not found fo

far north as fome others.

It is faid to inhabit Aftrachan-f; and we have alfo feen it

painted among other birds from China. It is likewife a native of

various parts of India, and far from uncommon. At Hindojlan it

is known by the name o(Ulu, and in the Per/tan language is called Bum^.

* Mr. Huuhins.—This gentleman obferved, that the male was larger than the

female ; and in fuch of the Ow/ genus as we have feen, it was ever the fame, in

• this diiFering from the reft of the rapacious tribe.

t ^ff- ^"ff' "• P- H2« J Mr, MiMeton.

Brown . —

OWL. 47

Brown Owl, Gen. Syn. i. p. 140. z8. Jra. Zool. N" 125. 28. -t- BROWN O. Strix ulula, Brua. N° 19.—MaZ/fr, p. 11.—Georgi Reife, p. 164.—/"<»«». Jrag. p. 71.

'T'HIS bird is lefs common in i??#« than the reft of the conti-

nent of £aro/)^ : not known mSihiria*; but mentioned by

Gmelin as frequenting Aftrachan-\ : it is alfo found 2it Newfound- land. The Brown Owl, being fond of Mice, may be decoyed within gunfhot, by any perfon's imitating the fqueaking of one : is obferved feldom to eat more than the fore quarters of its prey, leaving the hind untouched in the neft i : is faid now and then to and burrow like a Rabbit I. The eggs are five in number, white §.

Canada Owl, Gen. Syn. 1. p. 142. N" 29.—Hawk Owl, Ar^. Zool. N" 234, ^a.

Sirix funerea, Mulkr, p. 1 1 -f- CANADA O.

\X7^E have reafon to think that it is found both in Europe and

America ^ : in the laft is very common, in the woods at HudJo7t'sBay; and makes the neft in March, in trees, of fticks and

* jirff. Zool. f Dee. Ruff, ii. p. 142. % Gen.Direllory, p. 142.

Hiji. de Lyons, i. II p. 199.

§ Sefp. Fog. pi. in p. 63.-111 this plate are male and female ef what he calls

Strix ulula ; but thefe feem fo very like our kffer eared Ovjl, that I hefitate about the identity of the fpecies.

^ In the Ar^ic Zoology, the Canada, Haiuk, Cafpian, and Ural Oixils, are

thought to be one and the fame. The two firftfeem to me much allied ; and the

Cafpian Oi'.l I have ever thought to be very limilar : yet Dr. Pallas, in his de-

fcription of the two laft, thought them diftintl fpecies; and it was the opinion of

fo diftinguifhed a naturalift whi;h induced ms to place them, according to his fentiments, in the Synopfsv grafs. —— — :

4S OWL.

grafs, wich a iining of feathers: the eggs are white : the young

fly in June : its food often Mice. It is a bold bird, and frequents

the fires made by the natives in the night *. _

Zealand Owl, Gett, Syn. i. p. N° 39- New 149. 39. NEW ZEA- LAND OWL. ENGTH eleven inches. Noftrils and cheeks fulvous, the DSSCRIPTION. laft palclt : the upper parts of the body brown, the feathers

margined with fulvous : the lower part of the back and rump

plain brown : the breaft and belly not unlike the upper parts, but

paler : vent pale brown : the thighs brown, fpotted with white :

legs feathered to the toes, fulvous and brown clouded : tail brown, crofTed with bands of pale brown, the tip very pale.

I mention this again here, as I have had the opportunity of de-

fcribing it more fully, from one in the coUedion of Sir Jo/e^b Banks.

Gen. Syn. i. 40.—^r<2. Zoo/. N" 126. 40. Little Owl, p. 150. N" -f- LITTLE 0. Strix paflerina, Brun. N"> 20. Mulkr, N° 83. Georgi Rei/e, p. 164.— Sefp. Fog. pi. in p. 69. Fcfun. Arag, p. 7 1.

'T*'HIS is obferved to vary in fize : that 0? Hud/on"s Bay^ex^s four ounces and a half, and the length eight inches and a

half} breadth twenty : it lives at all times among the pine trees,

on which it builds a neft, half way up, made of grafs, in May

lays two white eggs; and the young fly the beginning o( July : is not a plentiful fpecies, and folitary to an extreme: very aflive of

nights, but is drowfy, and feldom moves in the day, when it is not

• Mr. Htttchins, uncommon ;

OWL, 45

uncommon for the Indian children to fteal towards them and Teize

them. It is common in Rujia, but not met with in Sibiria *. I

have alfo met with this fpecies among fome drawings done in

India fi but the ground colour of the bird was a clay-coloured brown, much paler than in the European one, the white fpots much

the fame, and the tail crofled with three or four whitilh bars.

Wapacuthu Owl, JrS. Zool. ii. N° 119. 41 4-WAPACU. \ THU O. T ENGTH two feet, breadth four j weight five pounds. Bill Description, black : irides yellow : fpace between the eyes, the throat, and cheeks, white: the ends of the feathers of the head black: fcapulars and wing coverts white, elegantly barred with dufky reddilh marks pointing downwards: primaries, fecondaries, and

tail feathers, irregularly fpotted and barred with pale red and

black : back and tail coverts marked with a few dulky fpots breaft and belly dirty white, crofled with innumerable reddilh.

lines : vent white : legs feathered to the toes, which are covered with hairs.

This inhabits the woods shout Hudfon's Bay ; makes the neft PlaciandMah

the dry mofTy ground; the eggs from five to ten in on number J,

and white : the young hatched in May : called by the natives

Wapacuthu, and by them confounded with the Snowy Owl ; but Mr. Hutchins afllires me that they are diftind fpecies.

• Ara, Zool. f In pofleffion of Mr, Middkton,

X So Mr. Hutchins exprefles ; but, if no miftake, it is vaftly different from the ether Ipecies,-

SupPL. H ^t""' jro O W L,

Pi. CVII. 'T^HIS is lefs flout than the Cinereous Owl : length twenty- pEscRiPTioN, Q„g jn^hes. The bill ftrong, hooked, yellow, and half co-

vered with reflefled black briftles: the head fntiall in proportion,

not fb fully clothed with feathers, giving it the air of a Hawk: the colour of the head and neck white, and the feathers on thofe

parts appear woolly : on each fide of the head a large patch of

black brown furrounding the eyes : the chin is alfo of the fame

colour : the upper parts of the body are red brown, and a bar of

the fame croffes the breaft : the under pkrts of the body rufous

white : the quills and tail brown, crofTed with narrow bars of a

paler brown ; tip of the lad white : the legs are feathered to the

toes with yellowifli white feathers : the claws horn-colour.

?iA*_2,, I found this fingular fpecies among a colleftion of birds which

were brought from Cayenne, and the fpecimen is now in the Leve- m« coUedlion. A label affixed to the leg named it Le Pkn~ gueur.

43'- MOUNTAIN. a colour refembles the /^luco Ds;scRipTioN, TpHIS bird in fomewhat Owl, but is certainly a difFerent fpecies. The bill and irides are yel-

low : the general colour of the plumage cinereous : chin and

fpace round the eyes black : the outermoft quill, and half the next,,

ferrated on the outer edge : the tail rather long.

Place:. This inhabits Sibiria, but only found in the mountains in the,

eajiern parts=-^Mr, Pennant,

Order .

V\ . CATI

.^/rr/'ar/r (Ju-/j^/

—

E s« 3

O R D E R II. PIES.

Genus IV. S H R I K E.

N° ^o. Lefler Grey Shr. N" 53. Malabar Shr, 51. Black-capped Shr. 54. Boulboul Shr, 52. Nootka Shr. 55. Orange Shr.

Zool. Great cinereous Shrike, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 1 60. 4. ArB. N" 127. j; Lanius excubitor, Faun.Arae,. p. 7\,—Sepp. Vo£. pi. in p. 121. •*- GREAT Cl« NEREOUSSHR. 'TP HIS fpecies breeds at Hudfon's Bay, building half way up a

pine or juniper tree, in Jpril. The hen fits fifteen days. It is there known by the name of Wapaw Wijky John^ or Whits Whijkyjohn*.

Ferruginous-bellied Shrike, Gen, Sjn. i. p. 163. 8. 8. FERRUGINOUS BELLIED SHR TN the colledion of the late Mr. Boddam this fpecies is entitled Canary-biter, or Fifchal-Bird.

* Mr. Huichinsi

H a Rea- — — —

SHRIKE.

Red-backed Shrike, Gen. Syn.\. p. 167. N" 15. JrSl. Zool. N« 131. I J. •f- RED-BACK- Lanius CoIIurio, Brun. N" 23, 24, Faim, Arag. p. 71. Sefp. Fog. pL itt "ED SHR.'""" p. 127.

nPHIS is found in the temperate and open parts of Ruffia, but * not in Sibiria j and is pretty common in France and lialyy as well as many other parts of the continent, migrating accord-

ing to the feafon : with us comes lajpring and departs in autumn.

21. iuzonian Shrike, Gen. Syn. i. p. 172. N* 21. LUZONIANSH,

Var. t ENGTH eight inches. Bill black: through the eyes a DiscRiPTioH. black ftreak: crown of the head, and upper part of the neck

and body, afh-colour, verging to tawny on the back : breaft and

belly white : wings black, crofled with tawny : on the prime

quills a white fpot : tall black, tipped with chefnut : legs blackifli.

PtAce. Inhabits India. It feems much allied both to my chefnut-

backed Shrike, N° 3, and the Luzonian above mentioned -, but

from the fize it moft approaches the latter ; infomuch as to apo-

logize for my placing it as a variety of that fpecies.—Defcribecf from the drawings of Lady Im;pey.

• Jrd, ZmL

Jocoft S H R I if E. S3

Jocofe Shrike, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 175. N° 26. 26. Le petit Merle huppe de la Chine, Buf. Oif. iii. p. 318. JOCOSE SHR. Le petit Merle huppe des Indes, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 189, pi. inp, log.

A MONG fomc drawings in pofTeflion of the late Dr. Fother- gill, one of thefe birds was figured with the throat blaclc, and the breaft and belly of a pale brown. That o( Somerai differs in being rather fmaller, the creft much elongated and pointed at the top, and the black ftreak at the- corner of the mouth not diftinguifhed.

This bird frequents the coafts of Malabar, Bengal, and Coro- Vx^/lq^^ mandel. At the laft place it is called Boulbouh

Grey Shrike, G^en. Syn.i. p. 183; N" 36,- 36.

Lefler Grey Shrike, Aril. Zool. ii. p. 240. A. GREY SHR..

'T' HIS fpecies inhabits Ruffia and Sibiria, in the forefts, the whole

winter : is taken and tamed by the fowlers for the fake of the diverfion it affords, by flicking the birds which are given to it for food on a pointed wire, or flick, placed for the purpofe, in the. rnanner related under the article oi our great cinereous Shrike.

It has been before mentioned as inhabiting the warmer parts of" Place. America; and we have obferved a variety which came from

Cayenne. This was only feven inches in length : the under parts, from the breaft, yellowifh white : the tail feathers not tipped with. white, only the outer edge of the firfl marked with grey.

£tp9«ed ;

'54 SHRIKE.

41. A. Spotted Cayenne Shrike, Gtn. Sjn. i. N''4i. A.' SPOTTED p. 189. CAYENNE SHR. T N the colleftion of Colonel Davies is a bird of this kind, drf- fering in having the forehead of a pale bufF-coIour, a rufous

fpot on the ears, and the belly of a plain grey-colour.

49. Magpie Shrike, Gen, Syn, 1. 192. N° MAGPIE SHR. p. 49.

'T* HIS bird inhabits South America. On a label tied to the leg of one which Came from Cayenne was written Vale Savane,

which I apprehend to be the name which the bird is there known by.

50. Pie-grifche d'ltalie, Buf. Oif. i. p. 298.—P/, Enl 32. LESSER GREY Lefler Grey Shrike, Ar^. Zool. ii. B. SHR. p. 241. .Description, 'T'HE forehead is black: acrofs the eyes a line of black : the head, hind part and fides of the neck, the back, and wing

coverts, cinereous, paleft on the rump ; ridge of the wing white

prime quills black, with a fpot of white near the bafe ; feconda-

ries black, with white tips : throat white : breaft and belly tinged

with rofe-colour : tail feathers black j the ends of all but the two middle ones tipped with white.

Place. This is found both in S^ain and Italy j it alfo inhabits Ruftay but not Sibiria,

51- 3LACK-CAP- SHR. JED T ENGTH fix inches. Bill one inch, hooked at the tip, co- Male. lour dufky : the head much crefledj the feathers of it three

cjuarters of an inch long : the head, and all the forepart of the neck quite .

SHRIKE. 55

quite to the middle of the belly, black : the upper part of the

body of a greyifli afh-colour ; between the wings mottled with

brown : wing coverts tipped with white, hence the wing appears

barred with white ; the outer edge of the fecond quills white : the

upper tail coverts and tail tipped with white ; on the outer fea-

ther two white fpots : legs black. One along with the above, fuppofed to be the female, wanted Female;.

the creft : the crown was blackifh : chin and throat afh-colour:.

the upper part of the body much like the other i between the

fhoulders mottled with white : the tail feathers the fame as in the male, but the outer margins white. Thefe were brought from Cayenne.. Place,.

Nootka Shrike, ArB. Zbol. ii. N" 130. ,r^^'™ •)- N0OTKA\ SHR feven inches and a quarter. Bill black, except the, T EN G TH Description

upper half of the lower mandible : crown, lower part of the neck behind, and the back, black : over the eye a white line, extending quite to the nape ; beneath that, one of black ;, from this to the chin wholly white : a narrow white circle encompaflfes the. neck:, lefler wing coverts black j greater white, more or lefs dafhed down the fhafts with black ; prime quills dufl-cy, edged

"with yellowilh brown i fecondaries black, edged and tipped with white : tail black, a little rounded ; the four outer feathers tipped with white : rump cinereous, the edges of the feathers grey ; kgs black.

This waa brought from Nootka Sound, in North America. Pxace. .

grand". J- Le :

ss S H R I K E.

?3- Le grand Gobe-mouches de la Cote de Malabar, Son. Voy> Ind, ii. p. ipjj MALABAR pi. III. SHRIKE. Drongode Malabar, Buf. Oif.'w. p. 587^ Lev. Muj.

Description, QIZE of the Miffel Thrujh : length feventecn inches and a half. Bill one inch, hooked at the tip, pretty ftout, and

:' black ; at the bafe feveral briftles pointing forwards : irides red

general colour of the plunaage black j but the head, neck, back, and rump, have & glofs of blue: the feathers of the head and

neok are narrower than the reft, and Iharp at the ends : the tail in

general is of a moderate length, but the outmoft feather on each

fide is three times the length of the others, and has, near fix

inches of its length, the fliaft naked, being webbed only for about an inch and a half at the end, and that only on the outer

fide : the legs are ftrong and black. PxACE, This inhabits the coaft oi Malabar, and other parts of India,

It flies heavily, and is only feen of evenings. That in theLeve-

rian Mufeum anfwers the above defcription. But I find a bird very

Pl. CVin. fimilar, if not the farine, among the drawings of 'L.zdy Impey.

This is nearly as large as a Ji^fMaw. The whole bird black,

glofled with blue : on the fore part of the head a vaft creft, rifing

high and bending backwards j before it fome loofe feathers thofe of the hind part of the neck are alfo long and loofe. The tail

exaftly correfponds with that of the laft defcribed.

Place.. This laft is called the Great-crefied Blackbird, The Indian

name Bumrauge, It is found in various parts of India, efpe-

cially on the hills of the kingdom of Aracan, SIZE (3 1 cvm.

//ru^/rr' / I- /// /'//i

SHRIKE. sr

54- BOULBOUL SHR. CIZE of a Fieldfare. Bill yellow, and a trifle crooked at the Description. end : head, neck, back, primaries, and tail, black : breaft and belly changing to afli-colour : lefTer wing coverts duflcy ; greater and fecondaries brown, crofled with two whitifh tranfverfe bars legs yellow. Inhabits India; called the Greater BoulbouL Place.

ORANGE SHR. T ENGTH feven inches. Bill one inch, black: the top of Description.

the head, and each fide of it, parallel with the under jaw, and nape, black : uf^er parts of the neck and body yellow ; beneath, the fame, but lefs bright : the chin and breaft inclined to rufous wing coverts brown j quills and tail the fame, but darker: legs horn-colour.

Inhabits Cayenne* Pi,ace-.<

>^upT>L. 1 Gen- us E 55 1

Genus V. PARROT,

WITH UNEVE.N TAILS.

N° 134. Pennantian P. N° 137. Orange-bellied P. 135. BufF-fronted P^ 138* Peregrine P. 136. Dubious P.

** WITH TAILS EVEN AT THE END.

139. Bankian Cockatoo 144. Annber P. 140. Eaftern Parrot. 145. Solitary P. 141. Grifled P. 146. Blue-rumped Pi 142. Blue-cheeked P. 147. Red-naped P. 143. Cochin-china P.

*WITH UNEVEN TAILS.

Military Maccaw, Gen. Syti.'i. p. 202. N° 3. MILITARY MACCAW. Met with one of thefe at the houfe of the late taylor White, Efq; preferved on paper by his daughter, after the manner re-

commended by Mr. Edwards, in his Hiftory of Birdsj which i-s now to be fecn among others in the Leverian CoUeSiion.

Brafilian Green Maccaw, Gen. Syn. i. p. 208. N" 9. BRASILIAN GREEN MAC- CAW. ENGTH feventeen inches. Bill black: general colour of to Description. the plumage on the upper parts green ; crown inclining

blue I PARROT, 19

: the blue J the rump to yellow the fore part of neck dufky afli- colour: breaft and belly yellow green: between the legs of a deepcrimfon approaching to chefnut : quills blue, fringed on tke outer edges with green : tail greatly cuneiform j the two middle feathers eight inches long ; all the feathers of a yellow green, with

chefnut fliafts : legs black,

I faw this among a colleftion which came from Cayenne, perhaps the female of that before defcribed.

'''" Blue-bellied Parrot, C«?. ^yw. i. p. 213. xr ^ VAR. C. BLUE-BELLIED T^HIS variety differs merely in having five or fix fpots of red PARROT. tipped with yellow on the fcapulars and inner bend of the wing, and the blue bounded with reddilh at the nape.

I obferved it among the drawings of Colonel Davies.

Saw this drawings, where it among {ome Chifufe was named r-r^nv^i'x-o-o a 1 . LORY PARRA* Uejhek uang. KEET.

Caroline Parrot, G^».^a. i, p. 227. N° 29, 29. CAROLINE P. 1 T is not Improbable that this and my Orange-headed P. N" 1 1 1. are one and the fame. The conjectures of a friend on thTs head lead me to think fo ; but Mr, Du Pratx's imperfeft defcription of the laft muft ever leave conjefture to fupply the place of faft J nor has Mr. de Btiffon been able to fupply the deficiency, taking it up only on the authority of the firft defcriber.

la I Cat —

6q PARROT,

32> T Can no longer doubt the exiftence of this bird in the ftraits EMERALD of PARROT. Magalhaen, fince it is averred that flocks innumerable, of a fmaller kind of Parrot, were feen at Port Famifie, in latitude 53. 44

37- ALEXANDRINE Alexandrine Parrakeet, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 234. N" 37. Hajfdq: Foji.p. ig6. PARRAKEET. Engl. ed.

ZJASSEL^UIST obfervesj that this bird is brought by the

Ethiopians to Cairo for fale ; that it has a piercing flirill note^

and can eafily be taught to articulate, though not very diftinftly.

He adds, that its chief food confifts of the feeds of iheJafflower-\-^

39- Malacca Barrakeet, Gen. SynA. p. 241. N"> 39. Var. C. Var. C. THE napne of this bird among the Chinefe appears to be Sing- PARRAKEET. M^i as it was fo called in a painting which came under mj infpeftion-

76. Scarlet Lory, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 270. N" 76. B. Var.B.

SCARLET npHIS bird is known in China by the name oi^Ty-pawn^ LORY. A '

'03' Crimfon-winged Parrot, Gen. Syn.l. p. 299. N° 103. CRIMSON- ^ ; ^^^ROT.^^^°

» jiril. Zed. ii. p. 244. f Carthamus tinftorius, Lix- The P A R R O Ti 6t

Tlye female differs from the male, in having a green backj and Female. the wing coverts green, except a few of the greater ones,! whkh are fcarlet. Inhabits New South ^Vdles. — Mr, PemianU Place,

134- PENNANTIAN T ENGTH fifteen inches. Head, lower part of the back, and P-

all the under parts of the body, fcarlet : chin of a rich blue : Descriptj-on. upper part of the back, and fcapulars, deep brown, or black, edged with fcarlet : lefler coverts pale blueilh green : ends and interior fides of the quills dufky, marked on the inner webs with a fingle white fpot : fides deep blue : tail very long, the middle feathers dufky j the exterior and upper part of the interior fides blue ; the other parts of a fine green j tips of the exterior feathers white.

Inhabits New South IVales : communicated by Mr. Pennant. Place. ^ This varies in having the crown of a blood-colour: -back and belly green : thighs and veai red..

Lev. Muf. '35" - BUFF-FRONT-

ten inches : fize J^ENGTH of a Lark in the body. Bill duflcy : |ee^^^^" the forehead is bufF-colour : crown of the head blue, which ^ Descri^.tion. uj J •/-!/•• I 1 I . . blends itlelf with at the green the back part of the head l the . viG'iMiH j ^^'^ whole bird befides is green on the upper parts of the body, and .!f;^'?^^^ yellowifh green beneath : the quills are blue, witii grcenilh edges r'" tail cuneiform, of the fame greea with the upper parts : legs dufky red. The :

€a PARROT.

The above was for feme time alive in the poOefrion of Lady

Read : now in good prefervadon in the Leverian Mufeum. Na-

tive place uncertain. ^

136. Br. Mt,f. DUBIOUS R.

Description. T ENGTH nine inches. Bill and legs pale horn-colour; from the bafe to the eye, and round the iaft, bare, and of the fame

colour : head and chin green : the whole neck pale rufous : up-

per parts of the body and wings green ; under parts the fame, but

paler: the outer edge of the baftard wing, and quills, blue:

tail cuneiform, but fhort, the colour a yellowifh green •, the four

middle feathers blue at the ends, where they are pointed in ihapej

the four outer ones on each fide tipped with brown. ^Native place uncertain.

137- vORANGE-BEL- LIED PARRA- KKET. T ENGTH feven inches and a half; breadth twelve. Bill

yellowilh green : head, breaft, upper part of the body, and D-ESCR.1PT10N.

leflef wing coverts, dull green ; greater coverts rich blue on the

exterior fides ; the interior dufky, marked with a white fpot

lower belly orange: tail green; ends of the four outmoft feathers

fine yellow : legs greenifli. Native place uncertain. Communicated by Mr. Pennant,

138. PEREGRINE PARRAKEET. CIZE rather bigger than the Guinea Parrakeei : length eight Description. inches. Bill red : general colour of the plumage green, be-

neath inclining to yellow : the middle of the wing coverts pale 10 brown.

PI . CTSL.

j/dandi^a^ ofJ^alocn PARROT. 63

tail browDj appearing as a broad band down the wing : fhorr,

cuneiform : legs of a pale red.

I met with this at the late Mr. Boc^dam's, and it was faid to have Place. been brought from the South Seas.

** WITH TAILS EVEN AT THE END.

'T*HE Great Variety of the Cockatoo with a yellow creji, was feen in vaft flocks in New South Wales, making an horrible noife.

The Cockatoo is found in Sumatra, and called there Kaykay. The name of the Lejfer White Cockatoo, in Chinas is Ting-Mew.

139- BANKIAN^ C IZE of the Red and Blue Maccaw: length twenty-two inches. COCKATOO. Bill very large, of a horn-colour, with a black tip: general Pi-- CIX.

colour of the plumage black : the feathers of the head pretty long. Description.

but in a quiefcent ftate lie flat on the headj on each, juflr at the

tip, is a fpot of pale buflF-colour : the wing coverts are alfo mark-

ed in the fame manner near the tips : the feathers of the upper

part of the breafl: and vent are margined with buffi the lower

part of the breafl; and the belly barred with darker and lighter

buff-colour: the tail is pretty long, and a little rounded at the

end J the two middle feathers are black ; the others the fame at

the bafe and ends ; the middle of them, for about one third, of a

fine deep crimfon, inclining to orange, croffed with five or fix bars

of black, about one third of an inch in breadth, and fomewhat ir-

regular, efpecially the outer ones, in which the bars are broken

and mottled : legs black» Inhabits ^4 PARROT.

Place, Inhabits New Holland. In the coWeA'ion of Sir Jojeph Banks,

who brought it with him from thence into England, on his return

from his voyage round the world. It moft certainly differs from

the Ceyloneje Black Cockatoo ; but is probably the fame with that mentioned by Mr. Parkin/on, in his voyage *.

140. EASTERN PAR. ROT. C I Z E of tlie Jmaxon's Parrot, Bill red, tip yellow : general co- Description. lour of the plumage green : ridge of the wing and prime quills

pale blue: towards the end of the tail black and blue, the tip

yellow ; legs yellow. Place. Inhabits India,—Lady Impey,

141. La grande Perruche de la Chine, Son. Voy. IrJ^ vol. ii. p. 212. GRISLED PAR. ROT. TpHIS is a trifle fmaller than the Amazon's Parrot. The bill Description. is as large as the head, and red : irides blueifli : the head and

bread are of a pale greenifli grey : hind part of the neck, back,

wings, and tail, grafs green : the leffer wing coverts yellow : legs grey. Place. Inhabits China-.

142. KLUE-CHEEK- ED PARROT. T ENGTH eleven inches and a half. Bill and crown of the •Description. head ftraw-colour : cheeks fine light blue : upper part of the

back black, fl:reaked with yellow ; the lower, pale yellow : fcapu-

lars black : wing coverts and quills rich deep blue, tinged with

* P. 144. green P A R R O t; 6|

gften : breaft and belly green : vent red : exterior feathers of the tail blue, tinged with, and marked near the fhafts with rows of fmall dark fpots; the middle ones of a duller green : legs dufky. Communicated by Mr. Pennant, Native place uncertaiti.

143- COCHIN-CHI- NA P. yellow: crown of the head, part of the neck, breaft, _, BILL •' Description. . back, thighs, and vent, of a" fine mazarine blue : nape fcarlet, bounded below with blue : forehead, chin, throat, breaft, middle of the belly, coverts of the wings, fcarlet; a black bar crofles the coverts ; the reft of the wings, and tail, black ; the laft even all the end : legs black. Inhabits Cocbin-China.—l^^dy Impey. Place.

144. AMBER P.

bill in this bird is duflcy : fore part 'T^ HE of the head crimfon ; Description. back part of it, and nape, dufky; reft of the neck green, marked with yellow ftreaks : belly the fame, but paler : wings, and tail green : thighs red : legs afti-colour. Inhabits Batavia.—L.2L^y Impey. Place.

145. SOLITARY PARROT. CIZE of a Starling. The bill and legs yellowifti ; the tip of ^ DescriPtiom. the firft reddifh : irides fulvous : the hind part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, a moft brilliant green : top of the head, part of the belly and fides, and thighs, purplilh blue : the reft of the head, and fore part of the neck, crimfon : the breaft and upper part of the belly red and fulvous mixed : tail fhort, very little rounded at the end. SuppL. K This 66 PARROT.

-Place. This inhabits the iQand of Feejee, in the Pacific Ocean, from

whence it is brought into 1'ongo-taboo and Otaheite, for the fake of

the red and yellow feathers in the plumage. It is alfo now and then feen alive and tame in 'Tongo-tahoo *. Its manners are foii-

taryi". This bird, from the defcription, appears not unlike the

Blue-crefted ParrotXi but as the above is greatly fuperior in fize,

and has an even tail, I rather fuppofe it to be a dillindt fpecies.

146. Le petit Perruche de Malacca, Son. Voy. Lid. ii. p. 212. BLUE-RUMPED PARRAKEET. CiZE of the common Parrakeet. Bill violet grey : irides red : Description. forehead blue : head, neck, and upper part of the breaft, grafs-

green : lower part of the breaft and belly yellowifli green : rump

blue : wing coverts pale green ; fecond quills deep green ; prime

quills blue on the outer webs as far as the middle ; the reft of a

deep green : under wing coverts crimfon : tail deep green, yel-

lowifli beneath : legs brown. Place. Inhabits Malacca.

147. RED-NAPED PARRAKEET. IZEfmall. General colour of the plumage green: on the Description. forehead over the eye crimfon : at the back part of the head a

crefcent of the fame : the throat, fore part of the neck, and breaftj^

are alfo crimfon : tail plain green.

I defcribed this from the drawings of Colonel Bavies, but know

not from whence it came.

* At Otaheite and the Friendly ifles. Parrots In general are called Kakaa ; and:

the Parrakeets, Hainga.—^Cooh, Laft Voy, App. ^ Syn, t Mr. Anderfori'i MS. , J i. p. 254. Genus C 67 ]

Genus VI. T. O U C A N.

i6. Smooth-billed T.

Piperine Toucan, G«/. iSvs. i. p. N" II. H' ^ > -^ i- ^:*i-334. PIPERINE T. A Variety of the female of this fpecies has lately come under Female. my infpeflion. The bill horn-colour, with a bar of black - near the end, and two others near the edge ; the ridge is alfo black : the head, neck, and under parts of the body, of a fine deep cinnamon-colour: on the ear a fpot of yellow, and between the legs the fame colour : the back, wings, and tail, green j the lafi: rounded, and tipped with brown': vent crimfon. The yellow crefcent at the back of the neck wholly wanting. I met with this bird in the colledtion of Sir Jofeph Banks, who Placb. informed me that it came from Rio Janeiro.

^^^- ^^"J'- SMOOTH-EIL- T FD T* SIZE of the GreenToucan: length twelve inches. Bill an inch ^ O ESC R.I PTIOX* and three quarters long, and one thick at the bafe ; the upper mandible yellowifh brown, the lower black ; the edges not fer-

' rated, but perfeftly fmooth ; noftrils not covered with feathers : eyes placed in a bare fkin : the head and neck are chefnut, the top of the head darkeft: upper parts of the body dark green j rump crimfon : lower part of the neck, the breaft, and belly, of a

: pale greenilh yellow : thighs green ; infide of the thighs dulky legs brown. K a Two 68 TOUCAN,

FiACE. Two of thefe were brought from Cayenne^ one of which is now in the Leverian colleftion. It bears much refemblance to the/^-

male of the Green toucan, and might be placed as a variety of that

bird, did not the total want of ferratures, as well as fize of the

bill, forbid the fuppofition.

Genus [ 69 3

Genus VII. H O R N B I L L.

N* 13. Gingi H. N» 15. GreyH. 14. New Holland H. 16. Green-winged H.

Rhinoceros Hornbill, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 342. N" r. Jr- RHINOCE- ROS H. nPHIS fpecies is not uncommon at Sumatra, where a full-grown one meafures full four feet in length from the point of the bill to that of the tail : extent of wing four feet fix inches : the bill in length ten inches and a half; in depth, including the horn, fix inches and a half: length of the neck one foot : the beak

: whitifh : the horn yellow and red : irides red : the body black

tail white, ringed with black : rump, and feathers on the thighs, down to the heels, white. —Mr. Marfden likewife oblerves, that in z.nHenChick the irides were whitiQi, and there was no appearance

of a horn on the upper mandible. The food of this bird is not

mentioned, but the flefli of it is faid to be eaten with boiled rice,

and is thought tender and good. The natives call it Engang*.

Pied Hornbill, Gen. Syn. i. p. 349. N° 6. 6.

Calao de la Cote de Coromandel, Son. Voy. IncT, ii. p. 215. pi. 121. PIED H.

1 Nthisvariety thebilliswhite; on the upper part of theupper mandible an appendage, extending from the bafe to the middle, the

fhape of it oval, being rounded at both ends as well as the fides; the

Hifi. Sumat. p. ^1^. colour — ;

7© H O R N B I L L.

colour of it black, with a crefcent of white at the back part : irides

red brown : between the bill and eye bare and black : under the

throat, from eye to eye, a bare white fpace : the head, neck, and

upper parts of the body, are black : on the coverts two white fea-

thers : the fecond quills black, the end half white i greater quills

black : two middle tail feathers black at the bafe, and white the

reft of their length ; the others entirely white ; breaft, belly,

thighs, and vent, white : legs black. This feenas to differ both from my former defcription and that

of Buffon following it, though I efteem them the fame : but the

variation of the tail feathers-is fingular. I have likewife obfervcd a

further variety, in the mufeum of the late Mr. Boddam, two feet fix

inches in length, wherein the two middle tail feathers were black,

and all the others white; the quills white only at the tips. Mr.

Boddam's bird came from Bengal, where it is called Cherry deanijlo, or Bird of Jbiowledge.

I have lately feen one of thefe among fome drawings from In-

dia, wherein all the tail feathers were black, with the ends white and two large patches of white, the one larger than the other, at

the bafe of the under jaw. It is faid to feed on rice za<^ fruits: hence called the Mafter of Rice.

12. Wreathed Hornbill, Gen, Syn. i. p. 358. N* 12. Damp. Fey. vol. iii.pt. 2.

WREATHED H. p. i6s.pl. 3.

7~\ AMPIE R met with this bird at the ifland of Ceram and New

Guinea, and defcribes it nearly in the following words : " One ^ " of my mafter's mates killed two fowls as big as Crows, of a

'''black colour, excepting that the tails were all white: their " necks H O R N B I L L. 71

"'• necks were pretty long, one of which was of a faffron-colour,

" the other black : they had very large bills, much like a ram's

" horn : their legs were ftrong and fliort, and their claws like a

" pigeon's : their wings of an ordinary length; yet they make a

" great noife when they fly, which they do heavily. They feed

" on berries, and perch on the higheft trees. Their flefh is " fweet." In a defcription of the fame, with which I was favoured by

Mr. Pennant, I find that the colour of the bill is yellowifh, with a

black fpot at the bafe of the lower mandible : beyond the eye a

naked blueifh fl

their ends white : tail black, outmoft feather on each fide white on the upper half: legs ftrong, fhort, and blueifh. This was met with in the ifland of Ceylon, and fuppofed to be a Place. young bird.

I have met with the fegments of the appendage of the bill, from four to feven in number, in different fpecimens, which may lead one to think that the number increafes with the age of the bird.

Dampier does not fay the number on the bill in his figure, but I

think feven may be counted ; and if fo, perhaps it was an adult

bird. That defcribed by Mr. Pennant had only fi^ve fegments.

Calao de Gingi, Son. Foy, Ind. ii. p. 214. pi. 121. 13. GINGI H. two feet. bill and bent on T ENGTH The long ; the top, as Description. common in this genus, an appendage which points forward,

and is fharp at the end, appearing not unlike a fmaller bill placed on the top of a larger -, edges of the mandibles jagged j the colour a of —

72 H O R N B I L L,

of the bill black; towards the point white : the head, neck, back,

and wings, are dirty grey : from the gape of the bill a broad band

of black paffes beneath the eye and a little beyond it : the breaft

and belly are white ; the quills black : the tail eleven inches long,

and cuneiform in fliape ; the two middle feathers are dirty rufous

grey, with a band of black at the end ; the others black for three

quarters of their length, then brown, and finally terminated with

white : the legs are black; the outer toe united to the middle as

far as the third joint, and to thc-inneras far as the firft. Place. Inhabits the coaft of CoromandeL

14. NEW HOL- LAND H. CIZE lefs than the Jay. Bill convex, carinated, very gibbous Description. at the bafe, and covered with a naked flcin; noftrils fmall, pervious, placed one third from the bafe, about which are feveral

Ihort briftles : region of the-eyes naked, wrinkled, cinereous : co-

lour of the plumage in general dufky on the upper parts : Ihafts of

the wings and tail dufky above, white beneath : toes divided to their origin.

Pi ACE. Inhabits New Holland. The ends of the quills and tail had

been clipped by a pair of fciflars, therefore it could not be afcer-

tained whetherthofe parts differed from the reft of the plumage. Mr. Pennant.

15. GREY H. yellow at the bafe a fpot of black, round which, and at DESCRIPTION. R^^^ ; the corner of the eyes, are tufts of hairs : behind the eye a

naked blue Ikin : on the upper part of the bill is a procefs which 10 flopes ;

H O R N B I L L. 73 tlopes on the fore part, is abrupt behind, and only reaches the forehead : the crown of the head is black j the reft of the head, neck, breaft, and back, grey : the wings part grey, part black the ends of the quills white: tail longj the middle feathers , black ; the lower part of the fide ones the fame, the reft of the length white.

i6. GREEN-WING- ^^ ^' 13 ILL pale yellow j on the top a prominence, which is abrupt Description, at each end J the further half part yellow, part black; bafe of the lower mandible black ; near that a naked fpot of a blueifti white : beneath the eye a tuft of black hairs : plumage of the head, neck, back, wings, and tail, black j wings glofled with green : the outmoft feathers of the tail, and upper part of the quills, and belly, white: legs blueifti. The native place of this and the laft not certain. —Mr. Pen' nant. From the infpedtion of feveral individuals of the Hornbill genus, as well as the drawings of others, 1 have much reafon to fuppofe, tl>at they not only vary among one another in the adult ftate, but more particularly fo at various periods of age ; from which we may conclude, that feveral of the above-mentioned are -- of the fame fpecies, though defcribed as diftinft; a circumftance only to be determined hereafter, by fuch obfervant naturalifts -as may chance to refide where thefe birds frequent.

SuppL. - C. Genus — —

i 74 1

Genus XII. C R O W,-

N"' 42; White-eared Jay. N" 44. Macao Cn 43. Purple-headed Crow. 45. Rufous Cr,

^' Raven, Ge^i. Syn. i. p. 367. N" i.--Ara. Zool. N° 134. '' '' Corvus Corax, Bnin. N" 27. Georgi Reife, p. 164. Faun. Arag. p. 72-^

'X'HE Raven is found every where in Rujfia and Sibiria, excepc

within the ar£lic circle ; alfo in Kamtfchatka, and in the ad-

jacent ijlands. It has been noticed before as an American fpecies j known at Hudjon's Bay by the name of Kakakeiv It lays from,

three to five greenifheggs, and the young fly in July. The na- * tives thereabouts deteft this bird j yet among the American fa-

vages it is held as an emblem of return of health : hence their

magicians, when they vifit the fickj invoke the Raven, and mimic

its voice -f. Our circumnavigators met with it in the Sandwich JJlands, two being ktn in the village of Kakooe, and alfo at

Owhyhee ; and fuppofed to be adored there, as they were called

Eatoas;^. It may be taught to fpeak like a Parrot, and even to

Jing, if we may credit the account of a late author ||.

* Mr. Hutchim. f ArSi. Zool % Cook's Laji Voy. iii. p. 161.— Ell, Narr, ii. 142. " like II The moil extraordinary of all is, that he can be taught to fing a " man. I have heard a Raven fing the Black Joke with great dillindlnefs, truth,. " " and humour ! See Gold/mitPs AnmatedNature, vol, v. p. 226.

% Souths CROW, 75

2', South- Sea Raven, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 369. N° Br. Muf. SOUTH-SEA RAVEN.

jNE of thefe is in the Britijh Mufeum. The bill is ridged and Variety, _ arched on the top of the upper mandible, greatly fimilar to

that of the Aniy but not fharp-edged : the general colour of the plumage black j but the whole of the hind part of the neck in this, fpecimen is white, coming forwards, and making almoft a crefcent on the fore part. Whether this bird is an accidental variety or not, canfcarce be determined i or whether the effed of the adult

Hate : perhaps the laft, as the bill is fo coniiderably larger than in that defcribed before. I obferve alfo, that in the prefent one the legs are remarkably fcaly and rough, and the claws large j a ftrong prefumption of its being an old bird.

Carrion Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 370. N° i.—Ar^. Zool. N" 135. ,^ Corvus Corone, Brun. N« 29.—Ma/Ar, N" 87 Georgi Rei/e, p. l6j.— <- CARRION FauH. Arag. p. 72. CROW.

T^HIS fpecies is common in many parts of the old continent,

but fcarce in Ruffia ; only in the northern parts : grows more common in Sibiria, efpecially beyond the Lena, where the Hooded

Crow is not feen : about the Lake Baikal pretty common ; but moft of all plentiful about JJirachan, where, in company with others of the genus, they do immenfe damage to the vineyards, fo as to oblige the owners to hire perfons to drive them ofF with * clappers, &c. : extends alfo to China, as I have feen it in draw-

* Dec. Riif. ii. p, 143,

L 2 ings . .

iG e Rr. aw.

Ings brought from thence. In the north o^Jtnericay about Hud^

Jon's Bay, called Haha/eu : obferved to be moft plenty inland, fel* dom appearing on the coafts *. Our voyagers met with both

Crows and Ravens at Nootka Sound f, where the firft is called

Kaenne, or Koenai J* A Crow like our Carrion Crow was obferved at Botany Bay, ih.

New Holland. |1, This fpecies is not found in Ireland.^.

4. Rook, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 372. N^'a.—ArS. Z'ool.W. p. zco. A. 4-ROpK,

HIS ufeful fpecies feems much more confined than the laiK

It is not mentioned, hj e.\t\\tv Brunnkh oril

Denmark, nor in the lift of Georgi, as frequenting the Lake BaikaL

It is however faid to be met with about Aftrachan ^ : is not unr coxpxnonm Ruffia, and the weftern part oi Sibiria, particularly in

the more fouthern latitudes. I. do not find it any_where.men-- tioned as an American fpecies. This and the Crow by common obfervers are not eafily diftln-

guifhed : but in the common Crow the upper mandible is much

' larger, fliarper, and more curved, and reaches farther over the un-

der one than in the Rock, in which the point appears blunt, -and

fcarcely projedts over the inferior **. The bill is obferved to be

weaker in the Rook than in the Crow, and of not fo deep a black:

the ends of the tail feathers in the Rook are broad and rounded,

but thofe of the Crow SlXQ acute -j"}". Like the Raven znd Crow,

« Mr. HuUhins. f jE///j- iVar. ii. p. 143. J Cook's LaJiVoy. Jpj.

At-a. Zool. ii. *• II § Mr. Jadfon. ^ Die, Ruff. p. 143, Mr.TmJialL

ft ^i-a, Zooh . this- — — .

CROW. 77.

tliis fpecies is fometimes found of a pure white. Mr. Tunjiall has one of thefe in his coUeftion, in which the bill was white alfo. I have feen others black and' white, and one quite brown, the co= lour of a Jay,

Hooded Crow, Gen. Syn. 1. p. 374. N" 5. ArB. Zool.W. p. 251. B, 5, Corvus cornix, Brun. N"^ 30. Mulkr, N" i'i.—Georgi Rei/e, p. 165. h-HOODED &ROW.

'HIS bird is very connmon throughout Ruffia and Sihiria, but not beyond the Lena. Migrates to Woronefch, and pafTes the winter there : grows very large beyond the Ob, and often varies to intenfe blacknefs *.

Found, with feveral others of this genus, ztAleppo-\-, and common about the Lake Baikal ; and moft likely extends to, other, parts o^ AJia, as 1 have been informed that in fome parts of India they are common, and fo bold as to fnatch the food from the diihes while the fervants are carrying them acrofs the court-yards, exr cept they are kept off by beating +.

It is faid that the culture of the cinnamon-tree, in Ceylon, is owing- to Crows, but what fpecies is uncertain. They are faid to eat the quick-tafted, and red fruit of this tree, and with the fruit to fwallow the kernels, and fcatter them every where about with their excrements. On this account, none dares to ftioot a Crow3 under a fevere penalty |f.

r • j4ra. Zcol. f RuJ. Akf. p. 6g. , J Mr. Pennant.

Life and Jd'ventures . II of J Chriftian Wolf.—This circumftance is attributed to the White Nutmeg Pigeon.. See vol. iv, p. 638. Note *.

Jackdaw^ , — :

7S C ROW,

jackdaw. Sjn. i. ^JACKDAW, Gen. p. 378. N" g.—Ar-a. Zool. i!. p. 251. C. Corvus monedula, Brun. N" iz.—Mulkr, N° 89, Georgi Rei/e, p. 1650

npHIS is common all over Rnjfia and the weft 0? Sibiria : is migratory, remaining in winter only in the fouthern part of Rujfia. A few feen beyond Lake Baikal. Is apt to vary, like many of the Croiv fpecies.

Philippine Crow, Gsn. Syn. i. p. 381. N" 12. 12. PHILIPPINE CROW. TN the colleftion of Sir Jofeph Banks is a variety which has the breaftj and the infide of the ridge of the wing, near the fhoulder, clouded with white. I alfo obferved a fecond variety among the drawings of Lady

Impey, in which the belly is flare-coloured.

New Guinea Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 381. N" 13. 13- NEW GUINEA CROW. /^NE greatly limilar to this fpecies has lately been defcribed to

Var. me. Length thirteen inches J body ftout. Bill dufky, a few

Description. briftles covering the bafe : irides reddifli : head and neck blueifh afh-colour: the upper parts of the body and wings the fame, but

darker : the eye placed in a large bed of black, lengthening into a

point at the back part: breaft, belly, and vent, pale ferruginous

quills and tail dufliy ; the laft pretty long, and rounded at the

end : the legs red brown, very fcaly and rough. Native place uncertain.

Bare- — — —

CROW. 79'

i. Bare-necked Crow, Gen. Syn. p. 382. N'lf^ t, , „t, l^:,^ CROW, T ENGTH fifteen inches. Bill yellowifh ; tip black j noftrils

broad, expofed, -without any reflefted briftles : the outnnoft

quills black ; the reft of the prime quills black within, but with-

out ooliquely grey to near the tips : wing coverts and fecond

quills pale grey : tail fix inches long, even at the end : legs dufky yellow.

The above in the mufeuni of the late Dr. Hunter. It does not

clearly belor^g to the Crow genus j perhaps might with more pro-

priety be placed with the Grakles. As I had the opportunity of

examining it before it was put into attitude, I obferved that the

hind toe was placed more inward than in many other birds, but no membrane between that and the inner toe; nor in my opinion had

nature ever intended it to be ufed forwards, as Buffon feems to think.

Jay, Get!. Syn. i. p. 384. N° \q.~jlrB. Zool. ii. p. 252. E. 19. "*" Corvus glandarius, Brun. N° 33. Midler, N" 90. Georgi Reife, p. 165. J"^^-

Faun. Arag. —Sepp. Vcgd. pi. in p. I,. -

T'^HIS fpecies is common in the woods both of Rujfia and 5ihi-

ria, but none beyond the Lena* ; Georgi mentions it as frequenting the Lake Baikal, and Rujfel records it as an Aleppo fpecies f . I have a fufpicion alfo that it extends to China, as it is to be feen in the drawings or" birds from that country.

It is called by the name of Jay about Arragon, in Spain, as ia

* Ara..Zool. t Hift. Alep. p. 6(^. England,^ — — —

io CROW.

^England. In the lafl: it is not efteemed as food ; but in 'the firft

it is expofed in the markets for fale along with other birds* Ic

is alfo eaten in iS'w^d^^;? -j-.

22. Cayenne Jay, Gen. Sjn, i. p. 3S8. N° 22. CAYENNE JAY. TjETWEEN that figured by Briffin, and one in the Leverian

Mufeum, I obferve a fmall difference. In BriJJbn's figure of

itj the white goes round in the (hape of a crefcent. In the Leve-

rian fpecimen, the whole front to behind the eyes is black, only a

fmall perpendicular dafli of white under the ear.

24. Red-billed Jay, Gen. Syn. i. p. 390. N" 24. RED-BILLED

. JAY. NOWN in China by the name of Shan-naw,

29. Magpie, Gen. Syn. i. p. 392. N" 29.— ArtH. Zool. ii. N" 136. MAGPIE. Corvus Pica, Brun. N° },z.~-Mull£r, N° 92. Georgi Reife, p. 165. Faun,

Arag. p. 72. Sepp. Fog. pi. in p. 3.

Find this bird to extend much farther on the continent than I

once fuppofed. It is mennoned by Rujfel as common at Alep^

po\; in Georgia lift of birds frequenting the hake Baikal, and

from thence to Chtva, I iiad long fufpefted the laft circumftance,

from feeing it^ among others, in Chinefe drawings ; but the mat-

ter is now beyond doubt, having lately met with one ofthefe birds,

brought from China, in the colleftion of Sir Jofeph Banks. It is iomewhat fmaller than that ufually feen in England.

Faun, Arag. -}- Mr, Sivederus. % Hijl, Ahp, p. 69. I find CROW. ^i

I find by Mr. Hutchins, that in fome part of Hudfon's Bay it goes

by the name of She pecum nemewUck. It is not unfrequent at all

feafons in the interior parts, but feldom met with near the fettle- ments. He obferved, that one being„£.;ught in a Martin trap at Tork Fort, was thought a rarity, fuch a circumftance not having happened for twenty years before.

Surinam Crow, G^B, ^jiB. i. p. 397. N" 35, 35. Corvusargyropthalmus, Jflf^. Tcf. N» I. - ^CROw'^

'T'HIS is faid to be ofthefize of a Jay. General colour of the DEscaiPTiotf.

plumage black : irides filver white : above and beneath the

eye a fpot of blue : breaft and outer part of the wing the colour

of Prujfian blue : tip of the tail white : bill and legs black.

This inhabits Cartbagena, in New Spain, and is called Oifeau de Place axdMan- ners. Plata. It has a monotonous voice, frequents woods, and, being

eafily tamed, is often kept in houfes.

Short-tailed Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 398. N''37. 57.

La Breve de Malacca, Suit. Voy. Ind. ii. p. igo. pi. 1 10. SHORT-TAIL- ED CROW.

T^HIS varies from thofe before defcribed, chiefly in having the Var.D.

head and back part of the neck black : a greenifh ftreak over Desoription.

the eye, bounded beneath with blue: chin white : fore part of the

neck and back green : belly rufous : vent red. ,

\n\\?iO\t'~, Malacca, Place.

SuppL. M La 8a C R O W.

37. La Breve de la Cote de Malabar, Son. Voy, Iitd.iu p. 191. Var. E. Description. HPHIS variety differs principally in having the whole of the

head and neck black : down the crown pafles a longitudinal

rufous ftripe : chin white : breafl; pale rufous : belly^ thighs, and vent, red. Place. Inhabits the coaft ofAfo/^J^^r.

37- AMONG the drawings of the late Dr. FothergiU I find a further

' ' variety. Crown rufty brown : through the eye and roiuid the

head a ftreak of black ; under this a collar of white : the upper

par.ts of the body green j the under white i on the middle of the

belly a fpot of red : vent crimfon : quills black: tail green, tip-

- ped with black : legs pale red. Place. Inhabits China,

38- Nutcracker, Gen, Syn. i. 400. N" 38.—^r/?. Zook ii. 252. D. NUTCRACKER. p. p. Corvus caryocatades, Brun. N" 34—Ma//^r, N" 9 1 .—Georgi Reife, p. 165.

'T'H I S is met with as high north as Sondmor; is common in the

pine forefts of Ruffia and Sibiria, and all over Kamtfchatka,

Muller mentions two varieties ; the one rufous, the other fpotted black and white.

Red-legged Crow, Gen. Syn. \. 401. N° •¥ REJ) -LEG- p. 39, GED CROW. Corvus graculus var. Faun. Arag. p. 75.

'T'HIS is common about all high rocks of the foufhern lati-

tudes of Sibiria ; alfo about mount Cauca/us and thofe of Ferja, .

CROW. 8j

Perfia, The bill and legs in thofe parts are found to be black in young birds*. The eggs are larger than thofe of a Jackdazv, of a cinereous white, marked with irregular dufky blotches f

Le petit Geay de la Chine, ^o«. ^«v. /?ji/. ii. p. 188. 4«. WHITE-EARED Le-v. Muf. •^ JAY.

CIZE of the Blue Jay : length eleven inches. Bill black, an Description. inch long, fcarcely curved, end blunt, the ridge of the upper mandible fharp-edged : irides rufous yellow: the feathers round the bafe of the bill, the throat, and fore part of the neck, are black : the top of the head blueifli afh-colour, the feathers long enough to form n creft : between the black and afh-colour on the forehead are a few white feathers: on the ears a large patch of white: the colour of the body, wing coverts, and tail, brownifh

aOi-colour : the quills blackifli, edged with grey : tail four inches long, a trifle rounded in fhape, and rather curves downward : legslong, of apale brown: hind claw large, and much incurvated.

Inhabits Ci5'/K^. Common at Canton. Seen in flocks in D^ij^'j Plack,

IJland, IVampoo River, picking up food on the mud of the fhore.

43' PURPLE- CR, "DILL lead-colour J noftrils covered with reflefted feathers: HEADED Description. upper parts of the body pale rufous, beneath yellow, the head

inclining to purple : quills and tail black; the lafl pretty long:

legs flefli-colour.

Suppofed to inhabit China. I found this among the drawings Place, of the late Dr. FothergilL

* Mr. Pennants f Portland Mufeum. M 2 La • :

CROW,

44- Pie de Macao, Son. Voy. hid. ii. p. 187. La J r I MACAO CR.

DESCRIPTION. nPHIS is one third lefs than our Magpie. Bill and forehead

black : irides yellowifh : top of the head cinereous grey :

neck and breaft dirty grey : belly and thighs the fame, but paler

back, and wing coverts, rufous : rump cinereous grey : vent ru-

fous : fecond quills greenifh black j prime ones black ; on ths

firft two white fpots, one of them within, the other without : tail and legs black.

Place. Inhabits the ifland of AfiJfiJff, in C^/«^.

45- La Pie rouflede la Chine, Son. Voy. hid. ii, p. 186. pi. 106. RUFOUS CR.

Description. ^XX'^ oi 2l Blackbird. Bill black : irides rufous yellow : head

and neck brown, the lad paleft : breaft and belly rufous

white : back and rump yellowifh, inclining to rufous : lefler wing~

coverts dirty rufous j the others pale grey : fecond quills grey

without and brown within j the prime ones brownifh black : tail

cuneiform, grey ; the two middle feathers brown at the ends ; the

others grey as far as the middle j the reft of the length brownj

v;ith white tips : legs black. Pi.Ac«. Inhabits China,

Genus — —

[ ss 3

Genus XIII. ROLLER.

N° 17. Black R. N' 20. Grey-tailed R. 18. African R. 21. Fairy R.

19. Black-headed R.

Garrulous Roller, Gra. Syn. i. p. 406. N° i. Aril. Zooh ii. p. 253. G. Coraciasgarrula, Brun. N" 35. Mulhr, N" 94. -GARRULOUS ROLLER.

'T'HIS is met with in Rujfia -, but only from the fouthern parts

to the neighbourhood of the Irtijh* : builds in the holes of old oaks, about Woronefch, Screams without ceafing. It is obferved never to be feen-on the ground f. The birch-tree, however, feems to be its favourite habitation, and in which it moft frequently builds the neft, laying as far as five eggs, of a clear green, fprinkled with innumerable dark fpecks.

Br, Muf. 17- BLACK R. fixteen inches. T ENGTH Bill broad and ftout, and a little DfisCRipTioit.

curved at the tip : noftrils fmall, placed on the fore part of a long depreflion at the bafe, covered by a membrane : at the bafe of the bill a few flight briflles : general colour of the plumage

black : tail feven inches in length: legs black.

I met with the above preferved in fpirits in the BritiJIo Mujeiim, Natiye place uncertain.

Ara> ZooL t DecRuf, i. p. loS. Br, 86 ROLLER,

18. Br. Muf. AFRICAN R. Description, f ENGTH eight inches and a half. Bill very flout, and bent

at the tip; the colour yellow : plumage on the upper parts

pale cinnamon , beneath, fine pale reddifh lilac : vent, and under

the tail, pale blue green : quills of a deep blue; the margins of

the inner v^ebs, and the tips, bkck :.tail blackifh blue ; the ends of the two middle feathers black, the others pale blue green, tip-

ped with black : legs' brown.

Place. The above is in fine prefervation in the Britijh Mufeum, and was

brought from Africa. Ic feems a very flout bird, in refped: to its length. ,19.

ED R. ClZEofaJ^y. Bill red : head and neck black; but the hind

Description-. head is greyith : the upper part of the body is blueifh purple;

the under, white : quills brown : the two middle tail feathers

blue, and the refl purplifl:i ; all of them tipped with white:

•legs red.

. Place. Suppofed to inhabit China^ as I met with it among fome fine drawings from that country.

20.

R. C IZE of a Jay : length feventeen inches. Bill black : head and Desgriptiok. neck the fame: back, and part of the wing.coverts, tawny brown; the reflof the coverts, and fecondaries, white: greater quills

- black : breaft and belly afh-colour : tail very long, cuneiform ;

colour of it pale grey, with the end black : legs afh-colour. Place. Inhabits India. —From the drawings of Lady Impey, in which

it is called the Vagabond. 10 SIZE ROLLER. &7

46. FAIRY R QIZE o( a. Jackdaw. Bill (tout, curved at the point, and fur-

nifhed with, hairs on the bafe ; colour black : the hind Dart of the head, the nape, and middle of the neck, blue : batk, lelTer wing coverts, rump, and vent, the famej the colour very fplen- did : the reft of the wing black, marked with three fmall blue fpots: the fides and front of the neck, the breaft, and belly, black: tail dull blue : legs black.

Inhabits India, where it is known by the name of the Blue Fairy Place. Bird.—From the drawings of Lady Im^ey»

Genus :

[ 88 3

Genus XIV. ORIOLE.

K° 46. Yellow-throated O. N" 47. Rudy O,

. White-headed Oriole, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 422. N" 4.

•- WHITE-HEAD- - LENGTH nine inches and a half; breadth thirteen and a half; v/eighc an ounce and three quarters. The head white. Description, ^^cept a fpot of black on the crown : neck and bread glofly black,

fpotted with white : lefler wing coverts the fanne, but more faint

baftard wing fpotced white and black ; the outer quills white : the

reft of the bird brownifh black: legs pale flefh-colour. Place. This was brought to Mr. Hutchins, while at Hudjons Bay, by the mitne of ff^azvpawchou Cbuckithoti, in the month of July, 1781;

faid to refort among other Blackbirds, but not common. I fufpeft

it to be a variety of my White-headed Oriole.

Another fimilar to this is mentioned in the Ar£}ic Zoology *,

which was about an inch fliorter: head and throat white : ridge

of the wing, firft primary, and thighs, the fam'e ; and a few oblong

ftrokes of white on the bread : the red of the bird dufky, glofled

in parts with green. This likewife is mod probably a fecond variety of the White-headed Oriole, being found at Hiidjon's Bay.

* Hud/onian White-beaded Oriole.—ArS, ZooJ, ii. p. 260.

Golden — , '

ORIOLE. S9

" ii. " Golden Oriole, Gen. Sjn. p. 449. N° 43. , 3 1 Oriolus galbula, GeorgiReife, p. 165. Seff. Fog. pi. In p. ^9. 4- GOLDEN O,

CINCE the firft publication of my Synopfis, this bird has twice

been fliot in England. One of the fpecimens is now in my

colledlion. The Var. A. of this fpecies is common in India,

where it is called Mango-bird, as it appears firfl: at the ripening of

that fruit, and is at that feafon in great plenty *.

Yeilow-throated Oriole, ^rB. Zool. ii. N° 150. .5^ YELLOW- T ENGTH nine inches, breadth fifteen and a half. Bill dufliy: THROATED O. Description, over the eye a bright yellow ftroke : cheeks and throat the

fame : the reft of the plumage tinged with green : fome of the wing coverts tipped with white: legs du{l

Rufty Oriole, Ara. Zool. ii. N" 156. 47- RUSTY O. T ENGTH between feven and eight inches. Billduficy: headj riptiok. and hind part of the neck, of a blackifli purplifh hue; the ^

edges of the feathers ruft-coloured : from the bill, over and be-

neath the eyes, extends a black fpace, reaching to the hind part of

the head : throat and under fide of the neck, the breaft, and back,

black, edged with pale rufl: : belly dufky : wings and tail black, glofled with green. This appears, the latter end o^Ocfoher, in New-Tork, and makes Place.

a very fhort ftay there, probably on its way foutherly from Hud-

Jon's Bay^ where it is alfo found,

f Lady Impey. 5uppL, N Genus C 90 ]

Genus XV. G R A K L E.

12. Yellow-faced Gr. ]

Minor Grakle, Gen. Sjn. ii. p. 455. N" i. •f- MINOR GR.

JAM doubtful whether the Minor is a native of China, althougE we fee it fo frequently in Chinefe paintings, as I am infornned, by a perfon who has been at Canton^ that he purchafed feveral at Java, where they are common, and fold them to the Chinefe at the

rate of five fhillings each, for the purpofe of keeping them ira

cages, la India \t h CdiWzii the. Hill Moina.

6. Purple Grakle, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 462. N°6. PURPLE GR. N the Leverian Mufeum is a beautiful variety. The bill is

pale, with a dufky tip : the head white : back, fhoulders, and

breaft, white, mottled with black : quills and tail black j the laffi

cuneiform : fome of the outer feathers white juft at the tips.

Crelled Grakle, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 464. N" 7» CRESTED GR.

T Believe this fpecies, as well as the Minor, is known by the name

oi Lefkoa, or Leuquoy -, as I am informed by Mr. Tunjiall that he had one of thefe alive, which, among other words, often re-

peated the word Leuquoy, and that the perfon he bought it of

called it by that name. Mr. Marfden, after mentioning that the Minor:, . :

G R A K L E. 91

Minor, called 'Teeongy has the faculty of imitating the human fpeech in greater perfeftion than any of the feathered tribe, obferves, that there are two forts of them, i\\Qblack and xht yellow* : it Ihould therefore feem that more than one or two birds pafs under the name of Leuqiioy.

In the neighbourhood of the Ganges the Crejled Grakle is no doubt plentiful j as, among fome drawings done in India, I find it named the Sarroo of the Ganges f

Dial Grakle, Gen. Syn, ii. p. 465. N" S. DIAL GR, 'TpHED/^/, called Maori, is faid to have a pretty, but fhort

it is for note J ; and that ufed by the Achenefe the purpofe of fighting, in the fame manner as the Cock -, but attacks in a different manner, frequently engaging one another on the wing, and drop

to the ground in the ftruggle ||.

YELLOW- FACED GR. compreiTed J noftrils ovated : region of the eyes fine yel- ^ BILL ^yGSCRIPTZON low, naked and wrinkled : head, neck, back, wings, and tail, black : wing coverts croffed with a white line : neck black breaft, belly, and vent, white : legs yellow, and very fcaly. Inhabits New Holland.—Communicated by Mr. Pennant. Place.

* Hift. Sumat. p. 90. f Sir Elijah Impey. X Hifi. Sumat. The author obferves, that there is no bird on the iiland of Sumatra lings, which || Id. p. 238.

N 2 Genus t 92 ]

Genus XVI. PARADISE BIRD.

N° 9. White-winged P. B.

WHITe'.'wiNG- T ENGTH twenty-five inches or more. Bill one inch long, B. ED P. almoft ftrait, black ; the feathers on the chin nearly reach the

end of the bill : the general colour of the plumage black : the '^ back part of the neck glofTed with copper : quills white, with the

outer edges black : the tail confifts of ten feathers ; the two

middle ones nineteen or twenty inches long ; the fecond, fixteen

inches; the third, twelve inches ; the fourth, nine; and the outer ones only feven. The wings, when clofed, reach about three

inches on the tail,

I met with the above in the colleftion of the lateiVlr. Bcddam^

of Bulls -Crofs. I am in doubt whether the plumage had any va-

riable luftre, as is the cafe in fome others of the genus; for as the

bird was unluckily fixed in an obfcure corner of the roomj, thi& circumftance could not be determinedo.

Genus I 93 ]

Genus XVII. C U R U C U I.

N" 8. Blue-cheeked C. N° 9. Indian C.

• Fafciated Curucui, G-^«. 5,'K. ii. p. 49Z. N° 7. . !p.npTjVpnPAbi-lA i £,JJ ^. Tiogon Ceylonenfis, Bri/i Oni. vol. ii. p. 91. N";. 8vo. edit.

'T'HIS bird, v/ich very little variation, I find defcribed by Brif-

Jon, as above quoted 5 but the neck and bieaft are afh-colour.

Among the drawings of Mr. Middkton I find one which differs in a much greater degree. Length in the drawing fourteen inches. Bill hooked, befet with many hairs at the bafe ; colour of it, and the bare fpace round the eyes, blue : irides red : head, neck, and back, pale brownifli clay-colour : wing coverts barred with fine lines of black and brown: quills reddifh chocolate- brown, fome of the outer edges white : tail greatly cuneiform i the ends of fome of the feathers white, of others black, with half of the outer webs white : acrofs the breaft a white bar ; from

thence to the vent the belly is red : legs fhort, of a pale red.

The fame bird is likewife figured among the drawings of Lady

Impey. It fcarcely differs, except that the white band acrofs the breaft is very narrow.

8. BLUE.CHEEK- ED C. nine Inches. Forehead red, bounded by a white LENGTH Description, r ji-j ru T ji JJ11 line : crown, and hind part or the neck, red, bounded below by a line of white, and on the fides by black : from each eye a narrow red line pointing upwards : throat blue, marked with a fpot II 94 C U R U C U I.

fpot of red at the bottom : the reft of the body, vlngs, and tailj

a rich green, except the quills, which are black : the legs green. Place. Inhabits /Wz

9- INDIAN C.

Descriptioni. "D ill blueifhj very hooked : head and neck black, ftrlped with white: from the corners of the mouth, juft beneath the

cheeks, a whitifh ftripe : back and wings duflcy, marked with

round rufty fpots : breaft and belly yellowilh white, barred with

duflcy : tail very long, cuneiform, crofled with narrow dufky

bars : legs afh-colour.

Place. Inhabits /«^/«. C?i\\q^ Bungummi.-~'L,?i.dy Impey^

Genus r 9s 1

Genus XVIII. B A R B E T,

N* 1 8. Indian B.

Spotted-bellied Barbet, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 494. N" I. I. SPOTTED-EEL. LIED B. TN one fpecimen of this fpecies I obferved a flight trace of white

beneaih the eye. The name it goes by among the French.^ at

Cayenne, is Jgaiibue de Terre.

Grand Barbet, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 503. 10. GRAND B. AMONG the drawings of Lady Impey is a bird, which I fufpedl to be the female of this fpecies. The length ten inches.

Bill reddifli brown, and lloiit, with fix or eight briftles at the

bafe ; xht noftrils are alfo hairy: round the eye bare, and of a red-

difli colour : general colour of the plumage a dull green : the

breafl: and belly pale whitifli green : quills black : tail fliorr,

green : legs of a pale yellow.

Inhabits Lidia^ where it goes by the name 0? Honeft Face. Place.

Yellow-cheeked Barbet, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 506. N° 15. 15- YELLOW- CHEEKED B. 'J^HIS inhabits Ceylon and Batavia: called, by the Cingaleje,

Kottorea. It perches on high trees, and cooes like a Turtle, but louder ; and it is from this noife that the natives have formed the name it is known by *. * Mr. Pennant. It —

9$ B A R B E T.

It is alfo a native o^ India, as I met with it among the drawings

of Lady /»«/>^_)'.

i6. Doubtful Barbet, Gen. Sy». ii. p. 506. N° 16. ' DOUBTFUL B. ^^^j^^j-^ Var. IN the Britijh Mufeum is a fine fpecimen of this bird, which dif-

fers fomewhat from my former defcription. The bill is wholly

of a pale yellowifli colour ; the under mandible fmooth, without

any tranfverfe channels : the crown has a mixture of crimfon feathers, which pafs behind each eye, and afterwards extend forwards

to blend with the crimfon on the fore parts : the greater wing coverts are tipped with crimfon, forming an oblique bar of the fame

acrofs the wing: on the middle of the back is a patch of white,

and a thick tuft of filky white feathers, fquare at the ends : all the

under parts are red 5 but the chin, juft under the bill, is black,

and a fpot of the fame juft at the bafe of the under mandible: the

general colour of the bird is blueiili black : the quills brown. Place. The above fpecimen came from Africa, but what part thereof uncertain.

17. Red-billed Crow, G«;. 5y«. i. p. 403. WAX-BILLED Cayenne Black Cuckow, U. i. p. 543. Le Coucou noir de Cayenne, ^a/". Oif. vi. p. 416. Pl.Enl.^iz, Lev. Muf,

T T is but lately that a perfedl fpecimen of this bird has come un-

der my infpedionj from which I am clear that the above two

are one and the fame with this Barbet, I have only here to add, that B A R E E T. 97

that the toes are not quite divided to the bottom : at the bend of

the wing, juft within, is placed a horn-coloured fpine, about one

eighth of an inch long, and blunt at the end : the tail compofed of

ten feathers, and the wings, when clofed, reach on it about an inch.

i8. INDIAN B. of the : leneth fix inches^ Bill blue, hooked, -, SIZE Bulfinch ° Description, , . befet with very long hairs at the bafe, exceeding the end of the

bill : irides white : general colour of the plumage green : forehead red : round the eye and chin yellow : the reft of the head black: the under part of the body white, ftreaked with green, paflingon each fide the neck in acrefcent, and bounding the yellow chin : beneath this, it is red, and below it a fpotof yellow, except which, the reft of the under part is white : the quills are dark afh-colour : legs red.

This inhabits India, and is called Bujfenhuddoo. Taken from Placs, the drawings of Mr. Middleton. It feems greatly allied to the

Red-crowned Barbet *, and is a beautiful fpecies.

* Sjn, vol. ii. p. 505,

SuppL. O Genus — —;

E 98 3

Genus XIX. C U C K O W.

N* 47. Grey-headed C. N''48. Sonnerat's C.

I- Common Cuckow, Ge>i. Sja. ii. p. 509. N° i. Jr^. Zool. ii. p. 266. A. Cuculuscanorus, 5»-»a. N'>36.—Ma/Z^r, Nops—Gf5rf?iJ«>, 165. ^UCKOW^ p. Sep-p Vog, pLin p. i ij.—Faun. Arag. p. 73.

1 AM informed, by an accurate obferver of £k|-///?' birds, and their manners*, that the time of the Cuckow'& coming is almoft to a certainty on the tenth or twelfth o^ April, and that the males ar-

rive firft. In the ftomach of thefe he has more than once ob-

ferved feveral of the caterpillars of the Fen Moth f, which is large, and no doubt a delicate morfel.

Of the birds of the firft year, fcarce two feem alike : in fome

the bars are doubly more numerous than in others ; and in one I

obferved this year, fent to me by Mr. Boys, of Sandwich, the

ground-colour was of a brownifh blue, I have alfo been inform-

ed, that now and then a bird has been met with, at the very firfl:

^ coming in fpring, in which the ferruginous ground-colour of the plumage was yet rnanifeft on the upper parts of the body.

The egg figured by Sepp is certainly not that of the CuckoWy

being in fhape fimilar to that of a Hawk t it is very like the Jack-

daw's in fize and fhape, of a greenifli white, fpeckled with brown

whereas the true Ciukow's egg is not much bigger than that of a

~ * Mr. Green, oi Lambeth,. f Phalcene Rubi,—Liti. a He^e: —

C U C K O W. ^^

Hedge Sparrow, greatly elongated in fhape, the ground-colour not

unlike it, and mottled all over with ferruginous purple *.

I have mentioned before the circumftance of my having heard the Cuckow call in the tiight. This happened again to me, the loth 0^ May, 1783, when, being in my own garden, between eleven and twelve at night, I heard one call feveral times together very diftinftly. It may not be amifs to obferve, that not only the

lafl: night, but the others in which I heard it, was bright moon-

light.

The Cuckow extends to India, I have twice feen it in drawings from thence.

Eaftern Black Cuckow, Geti. Syn, ii. 18. p. 5 10

length fixteen inches. Bill whitilli, C I Z E of a M<3^/)?V : pretty p astern

flrong : general colour of the plumage black ; acrofs the BLACK C.

wings three narrow bars of white, and near the end of the tail the Descriptiow.

fame : legs pale blue.

Inhabits 7«i/« ; called Coz^i?!?/. 'L.z.dy Imp ey. Plac*. I find that there are two or three fpecies of Cuckotvs In India, which are known by the name of Ktiill, or Coweel; one as large as a Jay, and all of them frequenting woods. They for the moffc part fly in fmall flocks, rarely fingly : the food infeds. Thefe are held in veneration by the Mahometans ; but by others the flefh is accounted delicate, a fingle bird being fometimes fold to the lo- vers of good eating for twenty-four //ww. It is laid to fing wtry finely, as a Nightingale -f.

» Portland Mufcitm, f '^S Philof. p. 68,

O 2 Hdney lOo C U C K O W.

' '• „ „^ Crelled Black Cuckow, Gen. Syn. ii. p. c ig. N° 1 1. i- CRESTED ^ , r c 1.^ r r. ,r . BLACK C Cuculus lerratus, opamn. Muf. Larlf. ^l.iu.

j^/fR. Sparrman takes his trivial name from the fhape of the white fpot on the wing being not unlike the teeth of a/aiy

I at the back part of it j this arifes from the obliquity of the white

on each quill, which, when they are fomewhat open, may give ic

fuch an appearance. It is not, however, the cafe in my fpecimen,

as it merely appears as an irregular patch on the wing.

i6. Egyptian Cuckow, Gm, Syn. ii. p. 523. Var. B. Var. B.

Descriftion, ^IT.'E. o^ i\\Q Rain Cuckow : length nineteen inches and a half.

Bill an inch and a half long, ftout, curved, and of a black co-

lour I noftrils almoft covered with fhort feathers : upper eyelid

furnifhed with eight or nine briftles : the head and neck duflcy

brown, and the feathers narrow ; the fore part, as far as the breafl,

marked down the fhafts with indiftinft pale fpots and bars ; the

hind -part plain : wing coverts deep rufous, obfcurely barred with

dufky : quills barred rufous and blackifli, alternate, about twenty

of each: tail ten inches long, cuneiform j the outer feather only

five inches in length ; colour of the feathers black, barred with

numerous oblique dufky white lines, not correfponding on each

fide the fhafts : the belly, thighs, upper and under tail coverts,

dufky, croffed with numerous white lines : legs fliort, fliout,

rough ; the inner hind toe furnifhed with a ftrait claw, like that

of a Lark, and one inch in length ; on the infide of the bend of the wing a fhort blunt fpur. Inhabits C U C K O W. lor

Inhabits China. The above fpecimen in the coIle6lion of Sir Place. Jofcph Banks, It feems greatly to coincide with nay fhoit de-

fcription of the fecond variety, the Egyptian Cuckaw *, if not the fame bird.

I obferve one greatly fimilar among the drawings of Lady Im-

fey, ferving to afcertain its inhabiting the coaft of Corotnandel ; but

this feeois to have the neareft refemblance to my firft variety, the plumage being black throughout, except the wings, which are of a bright ferruginous flame-colour; the prime quills barred with

black. This is known in India by the name of Crow-Pheafant. I

fuppofe it to be a voracious bird, as the India?! name fignifies De- vourer with the Mouth.

Honey Cuckovv, Gen. Sjn. ii. p. 533. N° 31. Gnat-Snapper, Kolb. Cap. vol. ii. p. 154? HONEY C,

T^'HE male bird is faid to have the bafe of the bill (^capiftrmt) , encircled with black f-

Lobos, in his Voyage to Ahyjp.nia J, fpeaks of a bird called Mo- roc, which has the inftinft of difcovering Z'o»^j ; but from his account, it is that which is colledled by the Ground Bees ; as he fays that they Jceep their holes in the ground extremely clean ; that, though common in the highways, they are feldom found, except by the Moroc's afliftance. The Ratel (a fpecies of Weejel)\, at times profits by the Honey Cuckow, watching the motion of that bird on alloccafions; when, if the bird direfls him to that which is collected under ground, it is enabled to get at it fufEciently eafy : on the contrary, if the Bee's neft is in a tree, the difappointed

* Gen. Sjn. vol.ii. p. 523. B. f Spmrm. Voy, ii, p. 191. J P. 52. 8vo« edit. Hijl.^adr, 1735. II N<'220. 5 animal. J02 C U C K O W.

animal, not able to get up to it, begins to gnaw the tree at the bottom, whereby the Hottentots have a fecond method of difcovering fuch as contain ijowfy*. "Dr. Sparrman obkrwts, that no one kept bees about the Cape, while he was there, except xhcfon of a

colonijl; who ufed to fetout empty chejls and boxes, into which the wild /warms would frequently enter; and he has no doubt, from

this circumftance, but that hives might be ufed there, as in other countries, with advantage.

There is great probability of this bird proving the Gnat- Snapper

xtiKolben: of which he fays the note is not fo fine as that of a T"//-

moiife ; and that it is a guide to the Hottentots, by direfting them

to the honey which the bees lay up in the clefts of the rocks.

GREY^HEAD- T ENGTH ten inches. Head and neck pale grey : breaflr and

ED C. belly white, croffed with pale grey bars : wings deep alh.

Description, fome of the feathers edged with rufl: : tail almofh even at the endj

white, croffed withequidiftant dufky bars : legs pale brown. Place. Inhabits /»(ii^.—'Lady Impey.-—Perhaps a variety of my Pa^ nayan Cuckow\.

48. Le petit Coucou des Indesj Son. Voy, Ind, ii. p. 211. SONNERAT'sC.

Description. CIZE oi z Blackbird. Bill and irides yellow : head, hind par£ of the neck, back, and wings, red brown, croffed with ftreaks of black: fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, white, barred

with black : tail brown, fpotted on each fide of the Ihafts irregularly with black: legs yellow. Place, Inhabits /Wz«.

* Sfarrm. Voy, ii, p. 183, 194, f Syn, n, p. 527. Genus" [ 103 ]

Genus XX. W R Y N E C K.

Wryneck, Gen, Syn, ii. p. 548.—^r

TT has been before obferved, that this bird is met with in vari-

ous places between Bengal and Kamt/chatka ; added to which,

I cannot help thinking that it is alfo found at the Cape of Good Hope, as Kolhen * mentions a bird by the name of Long Tongue^ which inhabits that place,

• Hift,Cape,,\\, p. 155,

Genus I I04 1

Genus XXI. WOODPECKER.

50. a. Malacca W, *WITHFOURTOES.

1- Great Black Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 552. \.—-ArSl. ZooL ii. p. 276. A. '^^^^'^^^^^^ Pious martius, Brmt. N° 38.—M«//^;-, N" 97.

'T^HIS is common in Ruffia, frequenting the woods, from St. Peterjburgh to Ochotjk on the eafternoctzn, and io Lapmark on

the weji*. Is not an inhabitant of ^0»2//

This fpecies is fo very deflruftive to Bees, that the Bafchirians, in the neighbourhood of the river Ufa, as well as the inhabitants of other parts, who form holes in the trees twenty-five or thirty feet from the ground, wherein the Bees may depofit their

ftore, take every precaution to hinder the accefs of this bird ; and in particular are cautious to guard the mouth of the hive with

fliarp thorns J notwithftanding which, the /Fijoi^if^^^r finds means

to prove a very deftruftive enemy: and it is obferved to be in.

molt plenty where the Bees are in the greateft numbers -f. I have heard mention made of this fpecies having been once

feen in xhejoiithern parts of this kingdom ; and Mr. 'Tunjiall tells

me, that he has been informed, by a fkilful ornithologift, of its

being fometlmes feen in Devonjloire,

* ArSl. Zool. f Dec. Rujf. iv. p. 9, 17.

White- — —

WOODPECKER. 105

White-billed Woodpecker^ Gen. Syn, ii. p. 553. N" 2. ArB. ZooL 2. WHITE-BIL- N" 156. LED W.

Female ? T ENGTH twenty inches. Bill the colour of the whiteft Description, ivory, and very blunt at the end : general colour of the plumage deep black : the head is crefted at the back part, and flnifhes in a point ; the whole of the top of the head, as well as the creft-, black : from the hind part of the eye begins a line of white, which pafTes down on each fide of the neck and back ; at the lower part of the laft, the two flripes unite in a point : the firfi: four quills are plain black ; the fifth is alfo black, with a white tip, and two fpots of white on the inner web ; the fixth and feventh black, with the ends and whole of the inner webs white j all the other quills wholly white : the under wing coverts are white : the tail black, very ftiff, and the feathers greatly incurvated : legs dufky blue : claws black.

I apprehend this to be the female of the wbite-bzHed {pecies,

from its having no red about it; a circunaftance not uncommon in that fex o( the Woodpecker tribe.

I met v?ith the fpecimen at Mr. Humphries'^, dealer in curiofi-

ties, in Long-Acre, among others, in a colleflion which came from Carolina.

Plicated Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 554. N" 3. Aril. Zool. ii. N" 157. PILEATED T N Mr. Hutchins's manufcript I obferve a Woodpecker fimilar to W. this. Length feventeen inches and a half; breadth twenty-

eight and a half; weight nine ounces and a quarter, Troy. Bill

lead-colour : forehead greenifh yellow : crown crimfon : lore Suppi,. P ftraw- .

io6 WOO D P E C K E Rl

ilraw-colouredj pafling over the eyes and down the fides of the

neck : from the lower mandible a ftreak of black, communicating

with the fore part of the neck, which is black : the back, wing: coverts, fcapulars, lower part of the belly, and tail, black : upper

half of the quills and fecondaries white j the reft black : the belly and thighs the fame, .marked with faint tranfverfe bars of white r legs black.

Plaoe. This was found near four hundred miles up the river Jlbany^,.

in North America, m the month of January. It is called May-

May, and is moQ: probably a. va.rktY of the PikaiedWoodpeckeri. differing chiefly in~the under parts being ftriated with white,.

9; Red-breafted Woodpecker, Ge>i. Sjn, ii. p. c62. N" q. RED-BREAST- ED: W, **r'HE tail of this bird is wholly black, except one of the middle feathers, which has three fpots of white on one fide of the

fliafto The whole length of the bird eight inches and a half.

Such a bird as this, if not the fame, was met with in Nootka-

Sound, on the coaft of North America. It is faid to be " Lefs " than a Thrujh, of a black colour above, with white fpots on the " wing J a crimfon head, neck, and breaft, and ayellowifh olive-

^^ coloured belly ; from which laft circumftance it might perhaps *' not improperly be called the Tellow-bellied IVoodpeeker *."

* CookU Laji P''oyage, ii, p. 297.

Greatest — —

P E ^V O O D C K E R, 1 07

Greater Spotted Woodpecker, Gen. Sy«,\u p. 564.' N" \i,'—ArSi. Zool. il. 'z. SPOTTED W. Ticus major, Brnn. N° 40. Irlulkr, N" gg.^GeH-gi Rei/e, p. \6^.^-Seff, Fog. pi. in p. 41.

J7OUND in Rujfiay and other parts o^ Europe^ as high as Lap"

mark ; extends alfo to the moll eaftern parts of Sibiria. In-

habits Aftrachan* . I have never feen the egg of this birdj hue

obferve, in Sepp's, figure of it, that the colour is a greyifh white, -mottled with minute duflcy fpecks. Notwithftanding we can afcertain at leaft five fpecies o(Wood'

-;peckers in E72gla',id,yetl am aflbred, by avery intelligent naturalifl f,

-that not a fingie one is found \n Ireland.

Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. \u p.565. N° i'^.—JrSi.ZooLiu 13- r, n + MIDDLE p. Z70. u. SPOTTED W. Picus medias, Jra». N" /^i .—Muller, No"ioo, Georgi Rei/s, j>. 165.

'T'HiS bird is met with on the continent, being found in Den-

mark and RuJJia. Ic alfo frequents the neighbourhood of

the lake Baikal, and is likewife found at JJlrachan%.

Leffer Spotted Woodpecker,

'pj-»pj jS fpecies is feen as far north as either of the two laft-named

fpecies, and likewife extends to the moft eaftern parts oi Sibiria.

'* Dec. Ruff", ii. p. 143, -j- Thomas Jack/on, Efq; oi Limerick % Dec,

Ruff. ii. p, 143.

P 2 it , 10? WOODPECKER.

It has alfo been noticed on the other fide of the equator, a drawing

of one having been received from the ifland of Ceylon, in the- Eafi Indies *,

14. Var. a. CMALLER than the Lliile Woodpecker. Bill blueifli : fore- Description. head and whole of the cheeks white : on the beginning of the crown a rich crimfon fpotj the hind part black and flightly

crefted : from the lower mandible begins a black line, which entirely furrtfunds the lower part of the cheeks, and joins the hind

part of the neck, which is alfo black : back and fcapulars black,

marked with lunated white fpots : wing coverts ftriped down-

wards, and fpotted with white on a black ground : primaries and tail barred regularly with black and white: under part of the body white.

Collefted by Mr, Lot£n : communicated by Mr. Pennant.

18, Hairy Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. C72. N" 18.— .^r^?. Zool. ii. N* 164. •i- HAIRY W. 'T'HIS fpecies has lately been found" in the north o( England,

where it does not appear to be very uncommon. I had the

fatisfaftion of feeing a pair in the colleftion of the late Dutchefs Dowager of Portland. Her Grace informed me, that they were fent to her by Mr. Bolton, who fhot them not far diftant from Ha-

lifax, \n Xorkjhire. On comparing the male with one from North

America, I obferved a flight interruption on the middle of the red

band on the hind head ; in other points, they were exaftly fimilar.

* Ai-a.ZooL. The . —

WOODPECKER, log

The female coincided with t\\Q American one in every particular.

I am informed that it is not uncommon at HudforCs Bay^ where

it is called Paupajlaow *.

Little Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. il. p. 573. N" 19. =£- LITTLE Downy Woodpecker, Ar^. ZooL ii. N" 165. W.

'T'HE female of this fpecies has the hind head crofled with;

white, which in the male is red.

N" Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, Gin. Sjn.u. p. 574.. 20 Ar{i..Zool,ii. 20.. N" 166. +- YELLOW- Picus varius, Georgi Reife, p. 165.. BELLIED W».

V^H ETHER this inhabits any part of the European conti-

nent I cannot determine ; but it is ranked by Georgi among the birds freqtienting^ the Lake Baikal, in JJia.

The name given to it by the natives oi HudfqrCs Bay is Meki- Paupajlaow fewe -f-.

Little Brown Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 577; N°24i. 24,. LITTLE "f HAVE fcarce a doubt but this fpecies inhabits India, as I BROWN W found a drawing of one in the colleftion of ^r. Middleton, which did not materially differ. The length was five inches.

The bill pale : the head white, except the crown, and a large

» Mr. Hutchhis, ^ Ibid. patch ——

2 Id W O O D P E C K E R.

patch under the eye, both of which were brown : the upper parts of the body and tail brown black, fparingly fpotted with white j

the under parts wholly white : legs blue.

25. Green Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 577. N" 25. Ar^. Zool. ii. p. 277. B. + GREEN W. Picus viridis, Brun. N° ^g.—Muller, N° 98. Sepp. Fog. pi. in p. 43.— Faun. Arag. p. 73.

'|"*HIS fpecies frequents many parts of the continent of Eu"

rope : among others, the weji of RuJJia -, but difappears to-

wards Sibiria. Is found as high north as Lapmark, where it is called Zhiaine*.

The egg in Sepp"?, plate is of a greyifli or yellowilh white, marked with irregular lines of pale yellowifh brown.

The Jiraw-coloured fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum was ftiot at Belvoir-Cbafe, the feat of the Duke oi Rutland.

37- Paflerine Woodpecker, €en. Syn. Ii. p. 588. N" 37. PASSERINE W.

COME of thefe birds from Cayenne came under my infpeftion. Thofe which were called males anfwered to my former defcrip-

tion. One marked as z. female had the crown brown, otherwife

like the male. In this lail I obferved the tail feathers to be ex-

ceedingly worn at the ends j but in the others they were more i-ounded and pliant.

* Jril-. ZooL

Cayenne -

WOO.DPECKER, III

Cayenne Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p, 590. N° 40, 40. Lev. Ml'/. CAYENNE W.

T Obferve in fomc fpecimens a crimfon ftreak on each fide of the

lower jaw, which is moft probably the charafteriftic of the tnak bird.^

Rufous Woodpecker, Gm. Jys. ii. p. 594, N" 45. 45- RUFOUS W,

T HAVE feen more than one of this fpecies which had a ftreak. of crimfon on each fide of the under jaw. In a colleclion brought from Cayenne were others, of an interme- diate fize between this and the Red-cheeked*. Thefe had a large patch of crimfon under the eyes, and the bars of the breaft fo much broader than on the reft of the under parts, as to give the appearance of a black breaft on the firft infpediion. It feems,, therefore, not improbable that the Red -cheeked and Rufous M-^00d- feckers proceed from age or fexual difference merely, and that the prefent is a connedting variety.

Gold-winged Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 597. N" 49.. 49.. GOLD- WINGED W,- r^APT. Cook, in his laft voyage, found thii bird at Nootka: Sound'\.

Lid. ii. 27 i. te Pic de Malacca, Son. Voy. p. 50. a. MALACCA W;

Bill black: irides red : top T ESS than the Grf«z/Fi?^^^i?c^fr. -^ ESCR.1PT10N,

of the head dull crin^fon ; the feathers long, forming a flight

* N''44. f Voj, ii, p. 297. creft:: 112 WOODPECKER.

creft : the throat and fore part of the neck rufous yellow: lefler

wing coverts crimfon : quills dufky red on the outer, and brown

marked with roundilh white fpots on the inner webs : the breafts

belly, and vent, are rufous white, crolTed with black bands : the

back dirty reddifh grey : rump pale greenilh yellow, croflTed with

black bands : tail black ; the feathers rereiarkably ftiff", and the

fhafts prominent : legs black, Tlace. Inhabits Malacca^

* * WITH THREE TOES.

TMirijur Three-toed Woodpecker, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 600. N" 51. TOED W. Picus tridaftylus, GeorgiReife, p. 165.

'E are informed, that this fpecies is found as low on the Eu- ropean continent as Woronefch on the river Don, though in

lefs plenty than the other kinds. The female is faid to have the

crown white, where the male is red, and has more white about her

in the other parts of the body *. In Sibiria it is almofl: as common

as other fpecies. Inhabits the parts about the Lake Baikal \.

I have received feveral from Hudfon's Bay, which vary much in

fize; the largeft is nine inches and three quarters in length. Some had the fides of the belly barred tranfverfely with black and

white, others not: fomc had the back plain black, in others it

was fpotted with white j but all were probably of one fcx, as the Iieads were yellow.

5 Dei. Ruf. I. ^.\Q0. t Georgi.

Genus t "3 1

Genus XXII. J A C A M A R«

N° 4. White-billed J.

Paradife Tacamar, G«». 5)ra. ii. p. 605. N° 3. 3, 4- PARADISE J. TN a colleclion of birds from Cayenne was one of thefe, which had the crown of the head brown, and the general colour of the plumage more dull than ufual. This was mod likely the female.

than the Green : length feven inches. OIZE fmaller Jacamar LED j. The bill quite ftrait, fcarcely an inch and a half long, and Description-. white, except the bafeof the upper mandible, which is dufky : on each fide of the noftrils are three or four ftiff briftles : the plumage on the upper parts of the body is deep glofly green : on the

chin a triangular white fpot ; juft under the bill, within the fpot, pale rufous : the under parts of the body rufous, but deeper : the tail fhort, even at the end ; the two middle feathers green, the others rufous : legs black.

I met with this in the colleiflion of the late Dr. Hunter, fuppofed to have been brought (rom South Amerka.

SuppL. (1. Genus I IH I

Genus XXIII. K I N G S F I S H E K.

N" 2^. a. Amazonian K,

2- Cape Kingsfifter, Gen, Syn, ii. p, 6io. N° 2. CAPE-K, i' B ' J if

'X'HIS, no doubt, inhabits China, as well as the Cape of Good Hope, as I met with a drawing of one among other Chinefe

birds. The name given to it was Tye-izoy, It likewife is a na-

tive of India, as I have feen it painted in three different collections' of drawings from thenee.

J 2. Sacred Kingsfiflier, Gen. Syn, ii. p. 621. No 12, Var. D,

SACRED K. A Further variety of this fpecies is faid to inhabit New Zea- land, This has the crown of the head greenilh black; a

ftreak over the eyes", whitifli before, greenifh behind : round the-

neck a white collar : back duflcy black : wing coverts pale green,.

with yellowifii edges : quills and tail black, edged with blue : the under parts of the body whitifh, tinged with duiky yellow on the

bread : vent and under v/ing coverts very pale yellow. This is

known at New Zealand by the name of Poopoo, whouroo roa.

The Kingsfijher at Otaheite and the Friendly IJles is called Koato-o-oo *.

* Cooi's Lajl Voyage, Appendix-.

Black" — :

KINGS FISHER. *iS

KingsfiHier, Sytu ii, Black-capped Geit. p. 624. N* 15. 15, Var'. C. LENGTH eleven inches. Bill four inches, colour a deep red: BLACK-CAP-

the head and all the upper parts of the body deep blue : wing r-iption. ^^ coverts dufky black : quills the fame, with the inner webs of many white, and the tips of all black : the under parts of the body are white, running back at the lower part of the neck like a cref-

cent : legs black.

I met with this in the eoUeftion of the late Mr. Boddam, It

appeared to me as a variety of my Black-capped Kingsjifier, if not of a different fex.

Common Kingsfifher, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 626. N" 16. ArS, Zool. ii. p. z8o. A. i6, (- Alcedo ifpida, MuMer, N" 10^.—Faun. Arag. p. 73. COMMON Xj

'X'HIS is found only in the temperate parts of Rujfta and Sibi-

ria : not common in Denmark. A fpecimen I met with from

China was precifely the fame, though lefs than ours : the name given it was Ju-Ioang. I have feen it alfo exadly painted in colleftions of drawings from India.

Blue-headed Kingsfifher, Gen. Syn, ii. p. 631. N" 20. 20. BLUE-HEADED W M./.

Var. A. OIZIE. o( t\\Q Blue-headed onQ. Bill red: crown of the head barred EscRIPTIo^f. blue and black j the edges of the feathers fringed with rufous j the reft of the head and neck, as far as the breaft, rufous yellow Q^2 back. —

n6 KINGSFISHER.

back, and wing coverts, fine blue ; quills and tail rufous brown

belly white : legs red. Native place uncertain.

27. Belted Kingsfifher, Gen. Syn, ii. p. 637. N° 27. JrB. Zool. ii. N° 169. + BELTED K.

'HIS fpecies inhabits HudforCs Bay, and makes the nefl: i i the

banks of ri,vers, the hole running a long way horizontally in-

wards : lays four white eggs j and the young are hatched the t- nd

oi June. It has the faoie manners, in refpeft to catching its prey, as the European fpecies, being often feen fluttering above the fur-

face of the water ; when, darting down on a fudden, it feldnm fails

to bring up a fijh in its bill. The Indian name is Ki/kemant or Kijkemanafue *.

Captain Cook met with this Ipecies at Naotka Sound -f.

35- a- AMAZONIAN K. QIZE of the Belted Kingsfifher, if not bigger: length thirteen Description. inches. Bill three inches long, ftrair, and black ; the under

mandible yellow at the bafe : upper parts of the body fhining green: chin, throat, and belly, white, pafTing backwards in a

ring to the nape : fides of the body and over the thighs mottled

with green : the bread is alfo clouded with the fame : quills fpot-

ted with white : the two middle tail feathers are green ; the others the fame, but darker, and fpotted on each fide of the web with

white : legs black. Inhabits Cayenne,

Mr. Hutchins. t LaJ} Voy. ii. p. 296. Genus —

C tx7 ]

Genus XXIV. NUTHATCH.

N° 8. Bhck-headed N. N" lo. CapeN. 9. Leaft N. n. Long-billed N.

European Nuthatch, Ge7i. Syn. ii. p. 648. N" I. ArSi. Zool. ii. p. 281 ? I. EUROPEAI>J Situ Europea, Brun. N° i,z.—Midter, p. 165. ^ N.

'T'HIS bird is pretty common in England.^ but rather fcarce in * France ; though it extends pretty far north on the continent, being met with in the forefts of Ruffia, Sibiriay and Kamtf- chatka, a's well as in Sweden, and Sondmor in Norway. It alfo inhabits India f. I have been informed, that it has at times a kind of whiftle, fomewhat imitating that of a man, which may be heard at fome diftance J.

Nuthatch, Var. B. Gi;«. ^'«. ii. p. 650. 8.

Black-headed Nuthatch, Jra. Zool. ii. N" 171. BLACK-HEAD- ED N.

T Believe this bird to be a diftihfl; fpecies, and not a variety of

the Common Nuthatch, as I once thought. -Mr. Hutchins informs me, that one with a black head (probably this fpecies), is not uncommon at Hudfon's Bay in fummer, re- tiring fouthward in winter) and is thcYccaWed Nemifcu-^pethayjhijh.

The firil v,-ord fignifies thunder; and the bird fo named, as it is fuppofed to be moft noify before the ajTproach of it.

* Dr. Brouffonet. Imfey'i, drawings. Rev. Dr. Wilgrefs. -f- Lady %

Nuthatch, iiS NUTHATCH.

Nuthatch, Var. C. Gen. Syn. ii. p, 651. LEAST NUT- HATCH. Left Nuthatch, ^r

Description. ^HE length of this mmme /pedes (for I find it to be diftinft)

is only three inches and a half. The bill blueifh ; the bafe

of the under mandible pale : the head moufe-colour : upper parts

of the body, and two middle tail feathers, cinereous j the others

dufky blacii : the under parts of the body dufky white.

I met with feveral of the above at Mr. Humphries's, o^ Long' Acre, who received them in a colledion from North America.

^ lb. - Sitta cafFra, Spar. Mnf. Carlf. pL 4. CAPE N.

Description. T EN GTH nine inches. Bill three quarters of an inch, ftrait,

blueifh black ; the forehead, hind part of the neck, and back,

are brown and yellow mixed : fides of the head, neck, breaft, and under parts, dufky yellow; the tips and margins of the quills the

fame : the tail feathers are ten in number ; above dufl

beneath olive, and the tips dufky yellow ; the two middle feathers

longer than the others : legs black : claws yellow. Place. lahdhxt^ tht Cape of Good Hope,

1 1. LONG-BILLED eight inches. Bill above an inch in length, and N. EN GTH

black; the bafe pale, almoft white : from the mouth to the Description. eye a black line, and thence along the fides of the neck, which,

with the cheeks and forehead, are white : the crown, and whole of

the upper parts of the body, and wings, very light blue grey : tips

of the prime quills brown : belly pale tawny : legs pale brown. Place. Inhabits Batavia. Defcribed from the drawings of Lady Impey. Genus .

["9 3

Genus XXVI. BEE-EATER.

N'ai. Coromandel B. E.

Common Bee-eater, Gen, Sjn. ii. p. 667. N» I. r. +" Merops Apiafter, Fau^. Jrag. p. 73. COMMON B. Eg r'- 'y HIS bird is no where more frequent than in the fouthern la-

titud-rs of RtiJJia ; chiefly about the Don, Wolga, and Jaick.

Some a/e met with about 'Toholfchi, on the Irtifch, though few or none farther mSibiria. They are migratory, and firft feen about Woronefchy and. neighbouring parts, about the. 24th o{ Aprils com-

ing in vaft flocks ; and make the neft in the clayey banks, which they perforate obliquely, to the depth of half a foot ; the entrance

of the hole is large, but grows fmaller at the bottom ; and the hills are in many places fo full of them, that they appear like a

honey-comb. The time of their departure into other countries is

about the month of September, being obferved by thoufands in their flight fouthward*. Thefe birds are obferved to come to

Gibraltar in March, in fmall flocks, not exceeding three or four,

and feldom reft more than a few hours: their note is a little

•whifl:le, not unlike that of a Whiftlhtg Buck. When the fun ftiines

upon them in their flight, they are a pleafing objeiSt, as they appear gilded f

• See D(c, Ruffl i, p. lo-j ,—Ru£ia, vol. iv. p. 340, &c. \ Col. Davies,

Indian 12 120 BE E-E A T E R.

2. Indian Bee-eater, Gen. Sjn. ii. p. 670. N" 2. Var. D,

INDIAN B. E. T FIND this bird fubjeft to great variety. One among the drawings of Lady Impey has a yellow forehead and a deep blue

throftt J the reft as in the Indian fpecies. Thefe are not uncommon in India, where they are often feen flying to and fro, and feem fond o( planfanes.

In the Britijh Mufeum is alfo a bird not greatly differing : the

general colour of the plumage pale green ; the under parts light-

eft: forehead inclining to orange : chin and throat black, mot-

tled on each fide of the under jaw with an obfcure trace of blue :

tail even at the end. This, perhaps, may be a young bird of the

Indian Bee-eater, which is often feen in vaft flocks in India ; ar- riving the beginning of autumn.

18. Moho, Ellis Narr. ii. p. 156. YELLOW- TUFTED B. E. T Believe the bird mentioned in Ellis's Narrative*, of the long

tail feathers of which the natives o^ Sandwich IJlands make j9y-

flaps, to be this very fpecies. He obferves, that the name of the

bird is Moho; and that the handle is not unfrequently made of an arm or leg'bont of one of their enemies flain in battle.

de la 21. Le Guepier jaune Cote de Coromandel, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 213. COROMANDEL pL 119. B. E. DSSCRIPTJON. ILL black: irides pale rufous: head and hind part of the

neck pale yellow : from the bill through the eye a ftreak of

* Vol. ii. p. 156.— Cw-^'j LaJlVoy, iii. p. 120. black. :

/ B E E-E A T E Ro , 121

black, finifhing behind it : throat pale green : fore part of the neckj breaft, and belly, greeniili yellow: fides of the neck deep ycllowj undulated with greenifli blue : quills and tail deep yellow; all but the two middle feathers of the laft tipped with black legs black. 'S\.kci. Inhabits the coafl: of Coromandd.

''SuPPL. R Gent us — — ———

E "2 3

Genus XXVII. HOOPOE.

N° 9. Red-billed Pr. N° 10. Blue Pr.

1. Common Hoopoe, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 687. N° I. Ar^. Zool. ii. p. 283. A. t- COMMON H. Upupa epops, Brun. N" 43. Muller, N" 103. Georgi Reife, p. \6^.—Sep^

Fog. pi. in p. 129. Faux. Jrag. p. 74. Koli. Caf. ii. p. 157.

T Believe the Hoopoe * to be met with, and even to breed in Eng'

land, oftener than is generally fuppofed, as I have had them feveral times fent to me; and have been able to colleft various in-

ftances in fupporc of this opinion, which I can depend on, added

to others of lefs certain authority; not that this bird is conftant

in its migrations into this ifland, there being in fome years many to be met with; in others, fewer none. The year 1783 feemstohave

been more abundant in thefe birds than any I have yet heard of;^ one of them being Ihot near Or/orii, on the coaft of ^z^c/i^, in May^

and another feen near the fame place the 24th of June following : thefe, no doubt, had bred thereabouts. The place where thefe were feen was a remarkable barren fpot. In the month of Sep' tember of the fame year two were fhot at Holdernefs, and many were feen in various other parts of Torkjhire, and as far north aa

Scotland \. One was fhot the loth o{ September, atCam in Gloucejier- jkire, another on EppingForeJi, and a third in Surrey. A (tv/ years

fince, a pair had begun to make a neft in Hampjhire ; but being

* miftake is faid to In the Synopfis the tail by be white, marked with black 1

wiereas it ftiould have been exprefled exaftly the contrary, t Mr. Tunjlalh a 100' HOOPOE. ^n

too much difturbed, forfook it, and went elfewhere *. The lad

year, 1786, a young bird was fent to me, the loth of May, full

fledged, fhot near Southfleet, m Kent % ; but the old birds had not been obferved.

In Sepp's plate of the neft of this bird, I find it placed in the hollow of a tree, compofed of foft bents, and fmooth within. The eggs four in number, of a blueifh white, marked with pale brown fpots.

I find this bird, though very common in the deferts ofRuJia and

Tartary, to be much more fcarce beyond the river Ob ; however, fome are found beyond the Lake Baikal. Dr. Pallas confirms the account of the filthy manners of this fpecies, as he met with an inftance of a pair breeding in the privy of an uninhabited houfe in the fuburbs of Tzaritzin J. I am informed by Colonel Davies, that they every year are feen in Gibraltar in March, in fmall flocks often or twelve : hence are ca\led there March Cocks, They -are fuppofed to come from Africa, and to be on their paflTage north to fome other place, as they only {lay a few hours to refb themfelves ; and it is not uncommon to fee five or fix flocks in a week, during the time of their paflTage. He did not obferve them to have any note ; but that they had a dipping kind of flight, not unlike a Woodpecker.

I have obferved this bird to be among paintings both from China and India; it is therefore, no doubt, common to both thofe parts.

• Mr. THnfiall. t By Mr. Geddm, of that place. J Ar£l. ZmU

R2 SIZE 124 HOOPOE.

RED-BILLED PROMEROPS. CIZE of the Hoopoe ; length fifteen inches. Bill two inches and curved, as in that bir<^, but ftouter colour red; Pi., ex. a half long, j Description. noftrils oval, placed near the bafe. The head is pretty full of feathers, which do not lay fmooth, being fomewhat di(hevelled, as in

fome of the Paradife Birds : the colour of the head, neck, breafl:,

and back, black, with a glofs, in fome lights of red, and in others

of green : the belly velvet black : wing coverts black, glofled with

green : quills and tail glofly blue black : on the inner webs of the

firfl: fix prime quills is an oval fpot of white, almofl: an inch and a

half from the tip : the tail is cuneiform ; the longeft feathers

eight inches, the fhortefl; or outer ones only three inches, in

k.ngth ; the two middle ones are plain black throughout, the others marked with a fpot of white on each fide of the web, about an inch from the end"; thefe fpots are nearly oval in fliape, and

placed obliquely, but not quite oppofite to each other : the legs are an inch long, and flouCj as are the toes, the outer one united

to the middle pretty deeply ; the colour of the legs, and toes red j

the legs feathered half way down ; claws hooked, and black.

This curious fpccies I firft faw in the colledion of the late Dutchefs Dowager of PorZ/rt;?^, who informed me, that the per-

fon fhe had it from reported it to have come from Africa. It is now in the poflTeflion of Colonel Davies. Among the drawings of Captain Pater/on I likewife obferve a figure of this bird, differing, only in having the bill dufky inftead of red. The drawing was. made from a fpecimen met with lalndia^

lo. BLUE PR. QiZE of the lafl: : length twelve inches. Bill two inches long^ DlSCRIPTION. '^ ftouter than in the Hoopoe, and more curved, the colour black :

t general PI. ex.

y/rX/v/Z/v/ ' ''/'n'///r/-o//.j.

HOOPOE. I2S general colour of the plumage blue, paleft about the head and under parts of the body : the tail more than four inches long, and fomewhat cuneiform : legs pale lead-colour.

I met with a reprefentation of this bird among the drawings of

Captain Paterfon, and have been informed that it is a native of fome part of htdia.

Genus —

C »26 ]

Genus XXVIII. C R E E F E

• 1M° 50. Srxuff-coloured Cr. N°-S7= Tufted Cr. - 51. Afli-bellied Cr. ss. Red- billed Cr.

52. Indigo Cr. S'i- T -, -winged Cr

53. Blue-rumped Cr. 60, .,- ; r>nicd Cn 54. Yellow-bellied Cr. 61. £.m. ^-^ii Cr. 55. Red-backed Cr. 62. Black- .:,.:0 Cr^ 56. Orange-backed Cr.

!• Common Creeper, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 698. N° i. ArB. Zool. ii. N° 174, "*" COMMON Cenhia familiaris, Britn. p. iz.-—MuUer, N" 104 Sefp Fog. pi. m p. 59.

'T'HIS is found, but very rarely, in theforefts of Rujia and Si-

biria : is a conflant inhabitant of Sweden, and extends as far

north as Sondmor. A variety of this is found in North America,

which is confiderably larger. This country alfo contains the com-

mon fort.

3i Great Hook-billed Creeper, G^«.^». ii. p. 70?. N" ^. G-REAT HOOK. BILLED CR. npHIS fpecies is common at Owhyhee, and called by the natives Hoohoo *.

, Hook-billed Green Creeper, Gen. Sjn, ii. p. 703. N''4. 4-HOOK-EILL. ED GREEN CR. HTHIS is moft probably the bird that is called sxOwhyhee,

Akaiearooa -f.

* Ceok's Loft Fojage^ uu'^, 11^, \ Id, ib. Polytmuj, :

CREEPER. 117

Polytmus •, Born. Thryf. p. 76. pi. 2. j, -f-HOOK-BIL- ^^^ ^^^ ^^' QUR people firft met with thefe birds at the iHand oi AtooK though they are common in all the Sandwich Iflandst where they are faid to be gregarious, though not met with alive by any of our people. Thofe with a variegated plumage are young

birds. The general name for them is Eee-eve, though they called

them at Atooi, Heoro-taire f.

African Creeper, Gen. Syn, ii, p. 717. N" 18, 18. Br. Muf. ^'^^' C' AFRICAN CR. T EN GTH five inches and a half. Bill an inch and a quarter, Description,

I moderately bent, and black : head, throat, and breaft, green, glofled with copper bronze, appearing in fome lights purple

leffer wing coverts and back fine gilded green : tail coverts the

fame, very long, reaching almoft to the end of the tail : acrofs the

breaft a narrow band of vermilion, not glofly : belly and vent

dufky black : the greater wing coverts and quills are brown,

tinged with green ; tail feathers the fame, fringed on the edges

with green : legs black.

Inhabits Africa, I fufpeft this to be a mere variety of the P&*cx, African Creeper.

* Our 4frican Creepir, vol. ii. p. 717. A. is figured irt the fame platt, and likewife called Polytmus.

t See Ceoi's LafiFoya^e, ii, p. 207, 227.—iii. p. J 19, andApp.

Famous .

12^ CREEPER.

21. Famous Creeper, Gen. Syn. ii. 720. N" 21. FAMOUS CR. p.

A Specimen of this, in the colleftion of the late Mr. Boddam, was called by the name of Sugar-Bird.

26. Black and Blue Creeper, Gen. Syu. ii. p. 724. N» 26. 4- BLACK AND BLUE CR. Specinnen of this, in the colle£lion of Mr. Green, of Lambeth,

was of a dirty green colour j but the yellow markings on the

wings the fame. Whether a /(f»?«/^, or a young bird, is uncertain.

Blue Creeper, Gen. Sjn. ii. p. 725. N" 27. BLUEli-CR

NE of thefe, in poirelTion of Mr. Jones, oi Bermondjey, has the bill and legs red. , ,

29. Cayenne Creeper, Gen: Syn. ii. p. 728. N" 29. CAYENNE CR. TN the Leverian Mufeum are two birds which I fufpe£t to be va-

rieties of this fpecies, or rather the young not arrived at perfect:

plumage. The one meafures in length five inches : general co-

lour of the plumage palifli green j the under parts lighteft, and marked with perpendicular ftreaks of white on the chin, throat,

and. bread: : over the eye a pale flreak, and beneath it one of

black : quills and tail dark green, with pale edges. The other

is not quite fo long: general colour of the plumage green : fides

of the head, chin, and throat, as far as the breaft, dafhed with per-

pendicular green ftreaks : quills and tail darker than the reft of ihe plumage. Wall C R E E P E» R. 1:19

Wall Creeper, Geit. Syn. ii. p. 730. N" ^2. 32. WALL CR. Certhia muraria. Faun. Jrag. p. 74.

T^HIS Is found in Spain, particularly aboMiJaccay in tlie pro-

vince o£ Arragon, where ic is called Paxaco aranero. It has been obferved about the Caucafian rocks in Afia, but not elfewhere in that neighbourhood. It feems, in every place where it has been yet found, to be a fcarce bird.

Creeper, Syn. ii. Wattled Gen. p. 732. N" 34. j4, WATTLED CR, TN the account oiCook\ laft voyage, after defcribing the bird^ ic

is obferved that it was the only finging one found at Tongo- taboo; and that it compenfated a good deal for the want of the notes of others by the ftrength and melody of its own, which fill the woods at dawn, in the evening, and at the breaking up of

' bad weather*. It is faid alfo to be found at others of the Friendly

IJles, and known by the name of FouUhaioo \.

' Creeper, G««. Sy«. ii. Mocking p, 73;. N' 39. jg, MOCKING CR. 'TPHE note of this fpecies is faid not to be unlike that of the Toe Bird. Is found in greateft plenty in ^een Charlotte's Sound, and called there Negho barra.

SNUFF-CO. T ENGTH eight inches and a half. Bill an inch and a quar- LOURED CR. ter, not much bentj the colour a black brown: the head, Descriptiojt.

• Ctok^sLafi Voyage, i. p. 334 f i'^' ^tP- SuppL. S neck, 1 50 CREEPER.

neck, and back, are of a deep cinnamon, or Jnuff- colour : beneath

the body green : under wing coverts yellow : the two middle tail feathers are double the length of the reft, being two inches and a

half long ; the others of a moderate length, even at the ends, and of a blackiOi green colour: legs black.

I met with a fpecimen of the above at the late Mr. Boddam'$, Native place uncertain.

5'- Br. Muf. ASH-BELLIED CR. T ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill fcarcc an inch long, Description. and black : tongue bifid : top of the head green : the upper

parts of the neck, body, and wings, pale olive green j the under

very pale a(h-colour : quills and tail brown, edged with green : legs black.

Place. Inhabits Africa.

52, Le Roffignol de Muraille des Indes, Son. Voy. Ind. voL ii. p. 208. INDIGO CR.

DSSCRIPTIOK. C I Z E of the Fig-eater. Bill black : irides rufous yellow : the

top of the head, neck behind, the back, wings, and tail, are of

a pale indigo blue : over the eye a white ftreak, and a fecond of

black paffing under the eye to the hind head : the throat is whiter

the bread, belly, and vent, rufous : legs rufous yellow.

Place. Inhabits //;

Le :

CREEPER. 131

Le Grimpereau verd du Cap de B. Efperance, See^ Voy, Ini, vol, ii. p. 208. 53. BLUE-feUMPED pi. 1 16. f. 2. • CR

CIZE of the Canary Bird. Bill bent, and black: head, neck. Description,

back, and wing coverts, light changeable green : quills and tail reddifli, or glofly rufous : rump fky-blue : throat red : legs black.

Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, and has an agreeable note. Place,

Le Grimpereau de Malacca, Son. Vey. Intl. vol. ii. p. 209, pi. 116. f. i. S+/ LilED CR BIGGER than the lafl. Bill black : irides red : the forehead • Description. , , , , 1 1 J I -J- -n deep changeable green : behind the eye is a dirty greeniih band, paffing half way down the fide of the neck, where it is rounded at the endj parallel to, and beneath this, is a fecond, of glofly violet, which arifes at the gape, and is continued on to

the wing : the throat is red brown : the lefler wing coverts violet, with a metalline glofsj the others the fame, inclining to red the quills dirty brown : the back, rump, and tail, are changeable violet : breaft, belly, and thighs, yellow : legs brown.

A flight variety of this is in the colledion of Colonel Davies.

Length four inches. Head, neck, and all above, violet purple : fides of the head, beneath the eyes, greenifli brown ; chin and throat inclining to red : wing coverts, fcapulars, and rump, glofly violet purple : quills brown, edged with duflcy olive : tail black, edged with glofly purple : beneath, from the breaft, yellow.

Le ^ :

*ja CREEPER.

Le Gnmpereaa a Dos rouge de la Chine, Ssx, Voy. InL vol. ii. p. 209.

RED-BACKED pi. 117. f. I. CR.

Description, HpHlS is probably the leaft of its race, being only three inches

in length. The bill is a trifle bent, and black : irides red : the top of the head, hind neck, back, and rump, are crimfon from the noftrils a black band pafles through the eye to the wing^t

the throat, breafl:, and belly, are rufous white :, the wing coverts

dark green, almofl: black: quills, tail, and legs, black. Afpeci-

men is in the colleftion of Sir Jafeph Banks, which came from

China. I obferve it alfo among the Indian drawings of Lady Impey»

56. Le Grlmpereau fiffleur de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind.vdi. ii. p. 210. pi. 117-.^

ORANGE- f. 2. BACKED CR.

Description. CIZE of the laft. Bill and irides the fame : the upper parts of

the plumage are blue-grey : throat and fore part of the neck

the fame, but paler : on the upper part of the back is a fpot of

orange yellow : the breaft and belly are alfo orange yellow : tha

vent pale yellow : legs blacks Place. Inhabits China

S7- TUFTED CR. T ENGTH four inches. Bill black, incurvated : head, neck,,

Desgription. and back, deep olive; the feathers edged with dufky : prime

quills brown : belly and tail black : on each fide of the breaft a^

tuft of yellow feathers : legs blacks Place. Inhabits Bengal, SIZE CREEPER, »3jr

S8. ^^^-^^LLED O I ZE very fmall ; length fcarcely more than three inches. Bill red, tipped with black : crown of the head, part of the neck, Desckiptiok

and back, olive : breaft and belly white ; wings, tail, and legs» duflcy.

Inhabits /;/i/<7. Place.

5.9.

fmall. Bill black : head and neck varied with dufky and YELLOW- SIZE WINGED CR. 1. 1 u. ru- J J- n 1-. gold : tongue long, capable or being darted into flowers, like that of a Humming Bird : wing coverts of a fine yellow: quills, tail, and legs, black. Inhabits Bengal. Place.

60. LONG-BILLED T'OTAL. length„ five inches, Bill an inch and a half r tongue

long and miffile, as in the laft defcribed ; crown and hind JlJ eschiptiow part of the neck light green : back, wings, and tail, dufky, edged

•with olive green : fore part of the neck and breaft white : belly and vent pale yellow : legs blueifh.

Inhabits Bengal. I am indebted to the drawings of Lady /»*- Place, pey for the four laft defcribed.

Le Grimpereau gris de la Chine, Son, Voj. Ind. vol. ii> p.. zro.pl. 117. f.^3. 61, BARRED-TAIL. CR. OIZE of a Titmoufe, Bill yellow : the top of the head, neck, Description,. back, and wings, are cinereous grey : throat, breaft, and belly, very pale rufous : quills dirty brown : tail compofed of ten feathers, and cuneiform in fiiape j the two middle onies are brown, 4 withe :

1^4 CREEPER.

with a black band at the end ; the others grey, with a curved

band of black near the tip : legs yellow. pLACx. Inhabits China,

£2, Certhia melanura, Sparrm. Muf. Carl/, pi. 5. BLACK-TAIL-

ED CR. T EN GTH feven inches. Bill black : head and back violet

DescRiPTioN. breafl: and belly inclining to green : wing coverts brown, margined with olive; fome of the quills have the outer margins

greenilh : tail pretty long, a little forked i;i Ihape, and black ;

legs black : claws yellow.

Pi ACE. \n\\diAm\xQ Cape of Good Hope.

Genus

11. CXE.

i/M,rrem/y// ^^^/TnfTi/yi/^-fay -. G E M u s XXIX. HUMMINGBIRD.

N" 6i. Patch-necked H. B.

C I ZE of the others. Upper parts of the body brownifh green : iS.

fore neck green : breaft and belly throat and part of the vio- mango H B let : vent white : tail as in the two others of this fpecies. In the colleftion of Colonel Davies.

Harlequin Humming Bird, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 760. N" 20. 20. HARLEQUIN A MONG the drawings of Colonel Davies, I obferve one of H.B, thefe which meafures full five inches. The colours of the ^^' ^^^* plumage are much the fame as before defcribed, except that beneath the black at the back part of the neck is a narrow band of blue green : the wing coverts and upper part of the back incline to green ; and the under part of the tail verges to purple.

The plate herewith given is a good reprefentation.

Ruffed Humming Bird, Jr^!. Zool. ii. N" 177. eg. RUFF-NECKED ^'^- 'T'HIS fpecies is called, at Nootka Sound, Safinneer Safin *.

Si. PATCH-NECK- OlZ'E oi xht Red-throated Humming Bird. Bill long, flender, ED H. B. part of black : the crown of the head, taking in the eyes, hind Dkcriptioj^^

* Cook') taji Foj, ii. p. 297. and Jpfend, the S ;

1^6 HUMMINGBIRD.

the neck, upper part of the body, wings, and tail, are deep brown

irides, fore part of the neck, and all beneath, white : fides of the

neck marked with dufky fpots j befides which is a glofly crimfon patch, almoft as big as a tare: legs black. Defcribed fronn the drawings of Sir A. Lever.

Oat>£R . —

C 137 ]

Order III. PASSERINE.

Genus XXX. STARE..

Common Stare, Gen. Syii. iii. p. 2. N° I. Jrd. Zool. ii. p. 331. A,

Sturnus vulgaris, Sefp Fog. pi. in p. z^.—Faan. Arag. p. 84. -i- COMMON STARE. T N HABITS Euro-pe, as high as Salten, in the diocefe of Dron-

theim, in Norway , and in great numbers in N<£fne Helgeland, in

Feroe, and in Iceland*. In the north of England is, called Cbej>Jier, and Chep-Starling f

Silk Stare, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 10. N" 8. 8. SILK STARE.

T ENGTH eight inches. Bill purplifh red, the end dufliy : Description. the whole head and fore part of the neck yellowifh white, in- Male. clined to dufky on the crown : upper part of the body fine pale a(h-co]our : wings and tail glofly black ; bafe of the quills white, forming a fpot on the outer part of the wing: baftard wing white:

tail two inches and a half long, even at the end : the under parts of the body of the fame colour as the upper, but paler, and approaching to white at the vent : legs reddifh, or pale yellow.

Thefemale is brown where the male is black : the crown of the Female, head is black ; forehead mixed black and white ; fides of the head and behind the eye white : the back as in the male: wings glofly

* Ara.ZooI. t Mr. Tunjiall. SuPPL. brown. ~

3S . ;S T A R E.

brown, Inclining to afli-colour ; bafe of the quills not whitet

rump white : tail as the quills, the tips of the feathers white for

a quarter of an inch, but deeper on the inner webs i the outer

feather plain : legs brown.

Place. I met with both the above in the colleflion of Sir Jefeph Banks^ who received them, about two years fince, from China, Mr^

'Tunjiall informs me, that he had a male bird a confiderable time

alive in his menagery^ and that it had all the actions of the common Starling,

Genus —

Genus XXXI. THRUSH.

N* 123. Margined Thr. N" 127. Perfian Thr. 124. H'jdfonian Thr. 128.. Dauma Thr.

125. New York Thr, - "icg. Oiange-headed Thr. 126. Gingi Thr. 130. Black and Scarlet Thr,.

iii, 18. Jra. Zool. ii. C. Throllle, Gen. Syn. p. p. 342. THROSTLE, Turdu5 muficus. Faun. Ji'-ag. p. 85. Turdus iliacus minor, Sefp Fog. pi. in p. 23.

"I N the north is fometiraes heard to fing in the month of Decem- ber *.

Little Thrufl), Gen. Syn.i'u.^.zo. N" ^.—Jra, Zool. ii. N' 201 = 4- LITTLE THR,

^T'HIS fpecies is found in Jamaica^,

Redwing, Gen. Syn, viu p. 22. N° j.—ArB. Zool. ii. p. 342, D. 4- Turdus iliacus. Faun. Arag. p. %\.-^Sefp Vog, pi. in p, z\. REDWING.

CUCH numbers of thefe birds, Throftles, and Fieldfares, are killed for the market in Polijh Fruffta, that excije was paid at Dantzick for thirty thoufand pairs, befides what were fmuggled, or paid duty in other places J.

? Mr. Tmjlall. t Arii. Zool. X Id.

T a Kamtfehatks- —

140 THRUSH.

14. Kaintfchatka Thrufti, Gen. Sya. iii. p. 28. JrS. Zool. ii. p. 343. E. KAMTSCHAT- KA THR. HIS is, without doubt, the fame bird with my Ruby-throat PL.inFrontirpiecc. V/arhler, vol. iv. p. 463.

20. Pagoda Thriifh, Gin. Syn. iii, p, 30. N»20. PAGODA THR. HAVE met with feveral of thefe in drawings from India and

China, but they feem to differ both in fize and markings ; mofb

of them have a long black creft, and the fpace round the eye bare :

the colour of the back and wing coverts blue grey : the whole of the neck, breaft, and belly, of a brownifh rufous-colour; the

neck feathers ftreaked down the middle with white : the quills

and tail black ; the outer feathers of the laft tipped with .white.

In fome fpecimens the neck and breaft are plain rufous : the

back, wings, and tail, light grey : quills black.—In my former

defcription, the bird is faid to be fcarcely bigger than a Sparrow ; but the above birds are nearly as large as a Starling. They are

chiefly kept in cages, on account of their fong, and are known by the name of Powee.

21. Malabar Thrufh, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 30. MALABAR THR. ^"PHIS feems rather fmaller than the laft, and is greatly fimilar

in the markings: the length feven inches. It chiefly differs

i.) the head being of the fame colour as the body, and not furnifhed

with a creft. It is alfo called Powee, and kept in cages as the

laft. I have my doubts, whether it is a diftindl: fpecies.

c Reed ——

T H R U S H. 141

Reed Thrufli, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 32. N* 28. 28. REED THR. JuncOj Sepp-Fog. pi. in p.

'T^HE neft, as figured by Sepp^ is compofed of the tops of reeds> mixed with very fine fibres. The eggs are five in nunnber, of a yellowilh white, fpotted with brown, and rather bigger than thofe of a Sparrow,

Chinefe Thrufli, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 35. N" 32. -- 33- CHINESE THR. npHIS, as well as the Crying Thrujb, inhabits India. Called at Bengal the Five Brothers., being for the moft part feen in fmall flocks of five together.

Blackbirdj Gen. 5>'».'iii. p. 43. N° 46. ArSi. Zool. ii. p. 345. I. 46. ^BLACKBIRD. Turdus merula. Faun, Arag. p. 85. Sepp Vog. pi. in p. 17.

COMETIMES heard finging before Chrijlmas,

Ring Ouzdj Gen. Syn. iii. p. 46. N" 49. ArB, Zool. ii. p.46. N" 49. 49. Turdus torquatus. Faun, Arag, RING OU- p. 85, ZEL,

HIS bird is met with in Europe, as high zaLapmark, but does not inhabit either Ruffia or Sibiria. It is perhaps more common with us than is fuppofed, being frequently miftaken for the

Blackbird. I-s feldom met withj except in fpring and autumn, when thefe birds are on their journey backwards and forwards to other places i at which times they may be fc.en in fmall flocks of five or

fix J . —

142 THRUSH.

Cix; and, when difturbed, fly out of a hedge, one by onCj, making a chattering noife, whereby the obferving ornithologift will eafily diftinguifh them from Blackbirds, One killed in September

laft had its craw full oi hawthorn berries.

50. Water Ouzelj Gen. Syn. iiL p, 48. N" 50. Ara.Zool. ii. p. 352. B. +- OU- WATER Sturnus cinclus. Faun. Jrag. %/^—Sepp Fog. pi. in z;. ZEL, p. p.

pOUND in Europe, as high as Feroe and Finmark*; in the

Ruffian empire, as far as Kamtfchatka -, in Chrijlianfoe and

Norway ; alfo in Jutland; but only in the winter feafonf.

51. White-tailed Thrufli, Gen. Syn. iii. p.4g,.N» cupl. 3^. '^" "•^i^ 7L„,, Corvus totus niger et redlricibus bali albis. Faun. Arag.v..-7 2.- t.U iXlK. Oil

'T' HIS fpecies is found in Aragonia, in Spain,

52. Rofe- coloured Tlirulh, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 50. 'N" ^2.—Ar3. Zool. ii. p. 344. Go- ROSE-CO- LOURED THR. pXTENDSto India. Sir Jojeph Banks is in poffeffion of on® of this fpecies, which was brought from Bombay,

5^3 Blue Thrufli, Gen. Sy^s. iii. p. 5-1. N« 5:3; BLUE THR. T^HIS probably inhabits India^ as I met with one, which appeared to me as the female, among the drawings of Lady Impey,

Ztol, Srumiifh- f_ ArS, f Shining 1

THRUSH. «4^

Shining Thruflv, Gen, Sjn, iii. p. 50. N» 60. A, 60. SHINING THR. 'T'HIS bird correfponds fo very nearly with the Blue and Green y^^ ^ Daw of Edw. pi. 32,0. that I have fcarce a doubt of its being the fame^

' White-fronted Thrani,G«;. ^«. iii, p. 71, N" 91. A. nj^ WHITE-

Yellow-crowned Thrulh, Xitn^^jn, iii. p. 74. N* 96.—^raws Illujir, p. 50. 96, pi. 22. YELLOW. CROWNED THR. Ceylonefe Starling, Gen. Sjn, iii. p. u. N» 1 1.

J HAVE the greateft reafon to think that this and the Ceylonefe Starling are one and the fame fpecies.

Turdus Afrlcanus, Jaeq. t^og. p. 29. t. 14. 12*. MARGINED THR. CIZE of a Blackbird. Bill yellow ; point black : general co-

lour of the plumage black : the fore part of the neck, breaft, I>escrj?tiow. and belly, margined with rufous brown ; towards the vent with white : the edge of the wings, and the legs, pale. Inhabits Afri<:a, Place.

Hudfonian Thrulh, ArB. Zool. ii. N<'204. 124, Le-v.Muf. +-HUDSONIAN THR. T ENGTH feven inches and a half. Bill black: general co- Descriptiok,

lour of the plumage deep blueifh alh : crown, nape, wing co-

1 vcrtSj 144 THRUSH.

verts, and primaries, more or lefs edged with pale chefnut %

coverts of the tail of the farne colour ; the tail icfelf deep afl:},

rounded at the end : legs black. Place. Inhabits Hudfon's Bay.—I was favoured with a fpecimen from the fame place by Mr. Huichins.

12;. New York Thrufli, Ara. Zool. NEW YORK N° 205. THR.

of our Blackbird. Bill dufky, ftrong ; length of it half aa Description, CIZE

inch : head, neck, and breaft, mottled with light ruft-colour and black.: back very gloffy, and the edges of the feathers ferru-

ginous : from the bill, above and beneath each eye, extends to the

hind part of the head a band of black : belly dufky : wings and

tail black, glofled with green : tail rounded : legs black.

Place, Appears in the province of New York the latter end of OStoler^,

in its v/ay from its more northern breeding place.

126. Le petit Martin de Gingi, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 194, GINGI THR,

DsSCRIPTION. CIZE of a ThruJJj. Bill yellow : irides red : head black, and a

little crefted : from the bafe of the upper mandible a bare yel-

low fpace, which reaches beyond the eye : the neck, back, rump,

and belly, are grey : wing coverts and fecdnd quills greenifh j the greater ones have the bafe half pale rufous, from thence to the

end black : the tail black, the ends rufous; this laft colour deepeft

on the outer feathers : the under coverts pale rufous : legs yellow. PtAfiEo Inhabits the coaft of CoromandeL BIGGER :

THRUSH. I +5

127. "DIGGER than the Englijh Blackbird, but not unlike it : length PERSIAN THR, eleven inches. Bill an inch and a half long, orange-colour, Description. rather ftouter than in the Blackbird, and a trifle more bent; the bafe befet with a few hairs : general colour of the plumage black:

beneath the eye a white dot : wings brown : primaries black belly and vent afli-colour : tail even at the end, two inches and a half long: legs and claws dull yellow.

Defcribed from the drawings of Lady /»?/)^y ; faid to have come Place. from Perjia. It is ranked among the finging birds.

128. DAUMA THR.

"D dufky : cheeks white crown, hind parts of the ILL : neck, and descriptio.v

back, brown, marked with curved black fpots : lefler wing coverts black, chequered with white : outmoft primary black ; the reft of them rufty brown, tipped with afli : fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, white, barred with curved black marks

tail dufky : legs yellowifh.

Inhabits India.—Lady Impey. It is called Cowal, from its note Place. imitating that word. Gorges fruit till torpid, and, after a time, flings up the ftones. The Emperor forbids his army to keep the field when this bird appears.

129. ORANGE- BEADED THR. T ENGTH eight inches and a half. Bill dufky : head, neck, ascription. breaft, and belly, orange : back, wings, and tail, grey : vent white: on the lefler wing coverts a fpot of the fame: legs whitilh. Inhabits J»iw.— Lady Impey. Place.

Suppi. U SIZE 146 THRUSH,

' BLACK AND CIZE of the Song-Thrujh : length eight inches and a half. Bill SCARLET THR, dufky black, a little bent at the tip : the head, neck, upper Description, p^^^ ^f j|^g back, lefler wing coverts, prime and fecond quills, and

two middle tail feathers, black : the under parts of the body from the throat, the lower part of the back, the middle wing co-

verts, and the reft of the tail feathers, a rich deep fcarlet : there

are alfo three fpots of the fame near the tips of three of the fecond

quills : the tail is rounded in fhape : the legs black. Place. Inhabits India,—-L,a.dylmpej. .. ,

Genus XXXII. CHATTERER.

lo. Red-winged Ch.

Sr.Muf.

^ wrWrFn T^^^S is full the fize of a Lark in the body: length feven CH. inches and a half. Bill black, notched at the tip ; the

Description, length, to the gape, three quarters of an inch ; but the feathers

come remarkably forward over the noftrils : the general colour of

the plumage is blue black, with a glofs of polifhed fteel : the

lefler wing coverts of a moll beautiful crimfon j the loweft order

of a reddifli yellow : the tail is four inches long : legs black. Place, Inhabits Africa^

G E N y & [ J47 3

Genus XXXIII. C O L Y.

N° 6. Green C. N° 7. Indian C. .

GREEN C. qIZE of the Redwing Thrujh : length more than twelve inches. Bill black: forehead, and edges of the eyelids, covered with Description. black velvet-like feathers : whole plumage of a deep glofly green : quills and tail dufkyj the laft cuneiform, and feven inches and a quarter in length. Inhabits New Holland. —Communicated by Mr. Pennant. Place.

INDIAN C. T ENGTH fourteen inches. Bill black; bafe of both mandi- Descriptiow. bles of a dull red : the lore, and a fpace round the eye, of the fame colour : the crown of the head and hind part of the neck pale cinereous grey : forehead and chin yellow : fides, front of the neck, and all beneath, pale rufous, paleft at the vent : back, wings, and tail, cinereous lead colour; the laft greatly cuneiform in fliape, and feven inches in length : legs red : claws black.

Inhabits India. From the drawings of Captain Palerfon. Place.

U 2 Genus —

[ 148 ].

Genus XXXIV. G R O S B E A KT..

N° 86. Afh-headed Gr. N" 88. Flamingo Gr, 87. Eaftern Gr. 89, Totty Gr.

White-winged Crofsbill, Gen. Syti. iii. p. 108. N° 2.

+. WHITE- Zool. ii. N'^ 208. WINGED Crofsbill, Jr^f. CROSSBILL. R. Uutchins informs me, that zCrofsbilli which is moft likely

this fort, comes to Hudjoris Bay in March; and in ik/^j

builds a nefi: of grafs, mud, and feathers, generally about halfway

up s, fine-tree, and lays five white eggs, marked with yellowifhi

fpots. The young fly about the end of June. It Hays till the

end o^ November, after which it difappears; fuppofed to retire in-

land. It is known there by the name oi Afitchau AchajJnJh..

4. Hawfinch, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 109. N° 4. Aril. Zool. ii. p. 354. G. HAWFINCH. Loxia coccothrauiles, Fau7i. Arag, p. Z^.—Sefp Fog. pL in p. 137..

TN Sepp'& figure of the neft of this bird, it appears to be of'a- very loofe texture, and carelefsly made. It is placed on an oak. The eggs of a pale purple, fpotted with brown.

Pine Grofteak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. n i. N" ^.—At-a. Zool. ii. N» 209. 5- •v-PINE GR. 'T' HIS fpecies inhabits North America : not unfrequent at Hud'

fan's Bay from April to September, frequenting the groves of fticks,, pines &nd jumpers ; makes a neft in the trees, in May, with lined, G R Cr S B E A IC 149 lined with feathers, at a finall height from the ground. The eggs are four in number, and white. The young are hatched the middle 01 June. Though this bird, when adult, is beautiful in. co- tour, the young brood for foine time remain of a plain dull blue.

The natives of the Bay call it Wujcunithow *, Mr. Pennant obferves, that he has feen them m the^jwe foreft?, near Ihvercauld, in the county of Aherdecn, in Scotland, in uie month of Auguft ; and therefore fufpects that they breed there f.

Cape Grofbfak, Gen. Syn. iii. p, 1 1 ?. N" r. 7-

"R. Sparrman, in his voyage, after talking of being treated

with a rare and delicate difh oi broiled Sparrows (Loxia ca- penfiSi Lin.;^) adds, that they do much damage to the cornfields-,

and that at the approach of fummer, they always change their yellow for a blood-red hue.

Goldbacked Grofbeak, Geti. Syn. iii. p. 115. N° 9. 9. GOLD-B.XKED- *' R. Tunftall informs me, that he has two or three times been in poffpfnon of this fpecies, and in particular had once a pair of them together. The female vv^as of a dark brown. The

cocks changed twice in a year, and in winter were nearly of the co-

lour of the i>ens. One of the cocks lived nine or ten years, and died not long fince. Neither of them had what could be called a fong.

* Mr. Hutchins. f Aril. Zoo/. X I^oy. i. p. 174.— Should not this rather be Loxia orix, Lin. which is of a- ieautiful red colour in fummer, and of a plain afh-colour in the winter feafon ?'

2 Cardinal I50 G R O S B E A K.

ij. Cardinal Grofbeak, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. ii8. N° !>,.—JrS. Zool, ii. N" zio, CARDINAL GR. Relation of Mr. 'TunftaU's had a pair of thefe birds, which

built a neft in an 07'ange-tree placed in the aviary, and laid

eggs ; but while the hen was fitting, an high wind blew down

the neft, whereby the eggs were broke : young birds were found in them.

15. Madagafcar Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 119. N" 15. MADAGASCAR GR, ^T^HIS beautiful fpecies inhabits India : but in the drawings of

Lady Impey, which afcertain the circumftance, the bill is

white : the head, neck, back, breaft, and belly, are of a full

crinnfon : the greater part of the wings and tail brown. Whereas,

in that defcribed by Briffon*, the middle of each feather of the

back is daflied with brown, and a black mark between the bill

and eye. It is known in India by the name of the Common Totty.

ig. Paradife Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 122. N" 14. PARADISE GR, R. Tunjiall has twice been fuccefsful in hatching young ones

of this fpecies in his aviary, each time bringing one to per-

fedlion. One of them lived a week, the other a fortnight j but

they were forfaken by the mother at laftj fuppofed to have hap-

pened from being too much difturbed. While the hen was fit-

ting, if any one looked on her, it threw her into flrange agita-

tion, writhing hcrfelf into a form almoft horrid, and feeming to

* Vol. iii. p. III. 4 be GROSBEAK. xp be falling into convulfions. The cock frequently fang, and would do it almoft at command, but in fo low a note, as fcarce to be heard, except quite clofe to the cage.

Dominican Grofbeakj Ge/i. Syn. iii. p. 123. N" 20. 20. DOMINICAN T With pleafure give way to the fentiments of my attentive friend GR. Mr. Tunjlall, when he informs me, that he has had both the

Dominican and Crejled Grojbeak in his pofleffion, and is of opinion that they are feparate fpecies. Of tlie firft, he has had feveral, fome of which have lived many years, but never could afcertain the cocks from the hens ; nor did any of them attempt to fing in the leaft. As to the Crejled ox^ty it feemed to differ both in manners and fize, and is a much fcarcer bird ; never more than three known at the time he had his. It lived with him at leaft fourteen years, and appeared worn out with age, and died in the time of moult. It now and then called out, but never had what might be termed a fong.

Java Grofbeakj Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 129. N" 29, 29. +- JAVA GK. T HAVE my fufpicions, that the want of white on the cheeks is

not the charafleriftic mark o( the female, but is more probably the effedl of immature age, as I met lately with a number of thefe in a cage juft imported, wherein the ufual white fpace on the cheeks was mottled brown and white, appearing as if in the change towards perfedtion. Mr. 'Tunjiall has alfo obferved a fimilar circumftance in a bird in his own colledion.

Green J5'2 GROSBEAK.

'A. Green Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 334. N° 36. GREEN GR. Loxia Chloris, Bnta. N° 242, 243.— i^aa?;. Jra^. jp. SC.-^SeJiJi Fog. pi. isi P-73-

T has been faid, and I believe upon pretty good authority, that this bird has produced with the Canary-Bird^

47- MALACCA GR. Malacca Grofbeak, Ge/i. Sjn. iii. p. 141. Var. A.

INHABITS ladia : known there by the name of Mungul.

5i- Bulfinch, Ge?!. Syn. iii. p. 143. N''5l. BULFINCH". Loxia pyrrhula. Faun. Jrag. p. i6.~-Sepp Fog. pi. in p. 133.

JJRUNNICH * mentions two varieties, the one larger than the "^ other.

Mr. Ttinfiall has feveral times attempted to breed thefe birds,

but did not fucceed ; the coeky for the moft part, falling a vidlim to the fury of his mate.

61. Thick-billed Grofbeak, G^«. 5>«. iii. p. 148. N° 61. THICK-BILLED GR. T N the Leverian Mujeum is a bird anfwering to this defcription, with the addition of a beautiful crimfon crown, indented on the

back part, not unlike that of the Blue-backed Manakin f.

Orn^ p. 6 J, f Sjn, vol.iv, p. 520.

Hamburgh GROSBEAK, 151

Hamburgh Grofbeak, Ge». Sy/i. uL p. 149. N" 64. 64. HAMBURGH GR. T^pROM the information given me, concerning this bird, by Mr. Tunjlall, I have good reafon to fuppofe it nothing elle than our Mountain or Tree Finch. The above gentleman, inquifi- tlve to know what this bird really was, fent on purpofe to a friend at Hamburgh for a fpecimenj when, to his aflonifhmenr, the bird fent proved no other than the Tree Sparrow ; nor could he learn that any other, more likely to prove the bird in queftion, which he meant to have, exifted thereabouts ; and, to fay the truth, the defcriptions of both agree greatly upon paper, however

Brijfon and Alhin may have thought to the contrary.

Black-bellied Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 155. N07J. 75- ELACK-BEL- LIED GR. T DO not recolleft feeing this bird, except in Mr. TunJlaU's col-

leftion. He informs me, that it lived with him for fome time, and moulted twice in a year. In winter it was brown.

Afiatic Grolbeak, Gen, Syti. iii. p. 155. N° 76. _g^ Var.'a. T EN GT H feven inches. Bill ftout, a little bent; the colour ASIATIC GR.

reddifh orange, with a dufky point : irides red : the whole of DEscaipnoN.

the head is black : the upper part of the neck, body, and lefler

wing coverts, blueifh afh-colour ; beneath, afh-colour, but paler,

inclining to orange under the wings : the greater wing coverts,

quills, and tail, black ; the laft forked in (hape : the prime quills,

fecondaries, and two of the middle tail feathers, tipped with

white : legs red. SOPPL. X Defcribed : :

?54 GROSBEAK.

Place. Defcribed from fome fine drawings done in China, in pofleflion of Sir Jofefh Banks,

77- Brown-cheeked Grolbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p, N' BROWN- 155. 77. CHEEKED GR. IX/AS in the fame colle(5lion with the laft but one, for fome time. It proved a very lively pretty bird, but was not obferved to change the colour of the plumage at any feafon.

80. Fafciated Grolbeak, Got. 5y«. iii. p. 156. N° 80. FASCIATED GR. 'T~'HE bird here mentioned was alive, in the pofTefRon of

Mr. Tunftall^ for a confiderable time ; after which he prefent-

ed it to a friend. I never heard of a fecond fpecimen in any col-

leftion.

Dwarf Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 158. N° 84, DWARF GR. Loxia minima, 'Jac^. ^og, p. 28. N° 13. Lev.Mu/,

'T^HIS is a common bird both in India and China, I have obferved the following differences

One in the Leverian Mufeum, three inches and a half in length.

The general colour olive brown : the under parts cinereous v;hite

between the bill and eye yellowifh, as is the edge of the wing :-

bill and legs black.

In a fecond, in Lady Impey's drawings, the body and tail are

brown: rump, breaft, and belly, white: bill dufky: legs very pale.

a. SIZE G It O S B E A K, 15$

ASH-HEADED IZE fmall. Bill blue: head and neck (laty afh-colour';

back, wings, and tail, dufliy the laft tipped with white: j Description bread and belly dirty white : legs blue. Inhabits India. —Lady Impey. Place.

87. CIZE of the Cowry Grojheak : length fix inches. Bill duflcy, EASTERN GR.

fliort, and (tout, as in the Bulfinch: head, neck, and back, red Description; brown ; beneath, from the breaft, white, undulated with duflcy : vent yellowiih ; tail pale redd ifh afh-colour : legs duflcy.

I met with this among fome drawings from the Eafi, in the col- Place. leflion of Mrs. Wheeler j but whether inhabiting India or Chinas it was not certain.

Loxia Flamengo, Sfarmm. Muf. Carlf. pi. 17. FLAMINGO GR. ILL reddifh, furrounded at the bafe with feathers tipped with Descriptiokj

black : forehead and fpace round the eyes white: the reft of the head above fine roje-colour : fides of the head and neck the fame, but deeper : fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, pale roje-colour : the third and fourth quills black : the tips of the lower order of wing coverts dufky, forming a bar of the fame on the wing : on the rump a fpot of black : the upper furface of the tail pale foot-colour : the reft of the body, viz. back, thighs, under part of the tail, and the reft of the wing, white: legs fangui- neous.

This is faid to be of the fize and ftature of the Balfinch, and the probability of its being a variety of that bird is likewife hinted : X 2 but :

156 G R O S B E A K,

but as the figure In the plate is of the natural fize, and meafures^^

very little fhort of eight inches in length, it can fcarcely be a va-

riety of the Bulfinchy which does not nneafure fix. This fpecimerr.

was caught at Upjal, in Sweden, alive, and was kept a whole year

in a cage, but did not alter the colour during the time of its con^ finement»

8g. JjO^ziotti, Sparrm.Muf, Carl/, "^l. \d. TOTTY GR.

Description. T EN G TH four inches^ Bill nearly white : forehead greenilk brown.: the crown of the head, hind part of the neck, fpace between the fhoulders, and upper wing coverts, teftaceous brown

the under parts of the body brownifli white : the quills and tail

black, and all the feathers of both tipped with white ; the tail a

trifle forked at the end : fhins yellowifh : feet black.

Place. Found in the Hottentots country, in the neighbourhood of the

Cape of Good Hope. It is met with alfo in India, as I find it,,

with very little difference, among the drawings of Lady Impey.

It is known in the laft place by the name of Totty.

G £ N tr s — —— — _

[ 157 1

Gekus XXXV. BUNTING,

N° 64. Maelby B. N'65. GaurB.

Snow Bunting, Gen. Syn, iii. p. 161. N" \.—Ar£l. Zool. ii. Nozaa. v. 4- SNOWB.

'T'HIS is known at Hudfon^s Bay by the name IVaiathecu-

Gen, Syn. iii. 166. N^^. ArB. Zool. ii. Ortolan Bunting, p. p. 367. D. 5. Emberiza hortulana, Brun. p. 68. Sepp Fog. pi. in p. 145. ORTOLAN B.

.'T^HE neft, as figured by Sepp, is compofed of dry bents, mixed with leaves. The eggs are of a very pale purple, dafhed with, minute dufky fpecks.

Yellow Bunting, Gen. Syn. iW. p. 170. N° 7 ArH. Zool.W. p. 36.7. C. j Emberiza citrinella, Brun. N° 249, 250. Sepp Fog. pi. in p. 115. Faun. 4- YELLCV^

Arag. p. 86.

' I ^PIIS fpecies is found as far north as Sondmor v in Rujfia, and

the weft of 6'/iJz'r/^; but none in the wilds of die £fi_/?.

Reed Banting, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 173. N" g. —Ar^. Zool. ii. p. 368. E. g. Emberiza fchsniclus, Sepp Fog. pi. in p. 8. -f- REED B.

' I 'HIS is common in the fouth o^ Riijfia and Sihiria, I fhould

fuppofe that it varies the method of placing the neft : it is ufually -ssS B U N T I N G»

ufually faftened to four reeds-, but in Se^p's plate it is in the fork of a tree near the ground.

37- Black- throated Bunting, Gen. Sj/n. iii. p. 197-, N» 37. pi. ^^^..^-JrS. ZeoL N°228. pi. THROATED B. 17.

A Bird was defcribed to me by Mr. Hutchins, very fimilar to this, if not the fame. The length feven inches and a halff breadth thirteen and a half; weight from ten drams to thirteen

^ and a half, Troy. Bill black : forehead yellowifli, paffing over

the eye in a ftreak : between the bill and eye black, paffing be-

neath the eye, and ending in a patch below the ear : above the

forehead a black crefcent, the horns turning backwards : crown

and upper parts of the plumage brown : quills tipped with white :

tail coverts reddifh brown : the two middle tail feathers brown j the three next on each fide black, edged with pale brown at the

tip J the next white on the outer web; and the outer one white,

both the outer web and tip : the throat is yellow, with a triangu-

lar mark of black in the middle : belly and vent blueifh white :

- legs black.

Pi ACE. This frequents Hudfon's Bay, where it is called Outatapafeu. Its note at all times merely a chirp. It builds there, making the

neft on the ground ; and lays four or five white eggs, fpotted with

black. It appears at times in fmall flocks, often accompanying

the Geefe ; and at other times feen with the Snow Buntings.

Whi?e. — —

I G, U N T N '59

Wliite-crawned Bunting, Gen. Syn. iii, p, 200. N" 44.—j^r^?. Zoel. ii. N" 221. 44, WHITE- CROWNED B. »pHIS bird is called at Hudfon's Bay by the name oi Cujabata-

Jhijh. It has a melodious fong when perched, but in flight

i-t is filent *.

Black-crowned Bunting, Gen. Syn. iii. 202. N"^ 49.—v^r

N Cc(j^'s laft voyage -f, I find an obfervation concerning this bird, viz. that the male was black on the upper part of the

breafl: : that the. female had alfo black on the breaft, but no fpot of yellow on the crown.

Cinereous Banting, Var. Gen. Syn. iii. p. 204. N°5. ArB. Zaol. N°233. ,,^ Var.'a.-

'T' H E bill in this bird is yellow : head, back, and wings, ruft- CINEREOUS B. coloured, each feather deeply and elegantly edged with pale Description.

grey : fome of the greater coverts edged with paler rufl-j prima-

ries and tertials with white : throat, breaft, and fides, white, fully

fpotted with ruft r middle of the belly white: middle feathers of

the tail brown ; exterior white, each feather truncated obliquely.

•• Inhabits iWif Jlsr/^. Plagk,

Painted Bunting, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 206. N? 54. Ara. Zool. ii. N*226. 54. «- PAINTED B. T HAVE hitherto doubted that this bird had bred in England; but Mr. fra;zy?«// afTures me to the contrary. Two pairs have

» Mi.Hutchins, t Vol. ii, p. 379, made . .

i"5t> BUNTING.

made nefrs and laid eggs in the orange-treesj in a menagery of a relation of his, at Holdenie/s, \n TorkJJnre -, but in this inftance the young were not hatched. The above gentleman has kept many, but leems to think that they gain their full plumage fooner than

'the third year. -

64- Emberiza maeJbyenfis, Span-. Muf. Carlf. N" 21. MAELBY B.

Descriptjon. C I Z E of a Tellowhammer. Bill and legs pale rufous : the eye-

lids, fpot between the bill and eye, the chin, upper part of the

throat, and fides of the neck and vent, dufky white : forehead, crown, lower part of the neck before, and upper part of the breaft,

blueifh afh-colour : lower part of the breafb, belly, and thighs, fer-

ruginous: back ferruginous, marked with acute black fpocs :

wing coverts black, edged with ferruginous : under wing coverts

brimftone : quills dufky, with pale ferruginous margins : tail fea-

thers ten in number^ black ; the four outer ones, half way from

the tips, white, the outer margins black.

The above was met with in Sweden, at Maelby, a feat of Count

Carlfon, in Sodermanland*

65. GAUR B. Description, CIZE fmall : length four Inches and a half. Bill pale rofe-co-

lour : head, neck, back, breafb, and belly, cinereous, paleft

beneath : wings and tail brown, with paler edges : legs pale blue.

Eaji Indies, is Gxiur. Im^ey. Px AC E Inhabits the and called —Lady

* I have my doubts whether this is not related to o\ir Pine Bunting, Synqpji-s,

-^ol. iji. p. 203. N° |0, being a female, or young bi>rd, of that fpecies.

7 Genu s [ i6i 1

Genus XXXVI. T A N A G E R.

N" 45. Capital T.

Olive Tanager, Gcv;. ^7;. iii. p. 218. N° 4.—..^;-<.7. Zooi. ii. N<> 237. OLIVET. L-cv. Muf. Var. a.

T ENGTH fix inches. Bill black : upper parts of the olive Description.

green : beneath, as far as the upper part of the belly, of a fine yellow : lower belly and vent white : from the bill, paffing over the eye, a ftreak of white ; and a fecond in the direction of the lower jaw: tail longifli, and even at the end: legs black.

The native place of the above is uncertain ; but I fufpeft it to be a mere variety of the Olive Tanager,

Chinefe Tanager, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 229. N' 23. 23. CHINESE T. Chiuefe Finch, Gen. Syn. p. :77?

T MUCH fufpeft that the bird defcribed by this name is no

other tjian the female of my Chineje Finch ; but as the bill in

Colonel Davies's fpecimen feems to be that of a Tanager, I Ihould think it better to range what is faid in both places under this genus.

Rufous-throated Tanager, Gtn. Syn. iii. p. 241. N' 37. RUFOUS- Fringilla rufo-barbeta, yacq. Fog. p. 1 1. N° S. THROATED T. nPHE general colour of this bird is glofly black, with the chin Description.

rufous : fpace between the bill and eye deep black. SuppL. Y This s6a T A N A G E R.

This is faid to be found in plenty at Martinico, and others of; Place. . the Caribhee iilands, and to feed on feeds, grafs, fruits, and in-

fers. I have not a doubt of its being the fame with ray Rufous^^

throated Ta7iager, though the fize is not naentionedo.

z - Le'v., Muf, CAPITAL T. five inches. Bill ftout, and of duflcy Pl CXII T ENGTH a fiefh-

-, colour : the head, throat, and all the fore part of the neck. Description. ' ' ' -"

as far as the bread, black : the upper half of the neck behind, the

fides of it, and all the under parts, of a fine yellow, inclining to

orange on the bread : the reft of the bird pale olive-green : wings-^

and tail darker, edged with yellow : legs flefii-colour.

I met with this ^mong the drawings of Sir AJhton Lsmr^ Na? tive place uncertain.

-G EN-U S' Pl.CXIL.

~ ' '///'/y// . y^'/'/.v^/^/'v:

— — ,

t 163 3

Genus XXXVIL FINCH.

>?" 97. Yellow-throated F, N° loi. Oker F. ^8. Lovely F. 102. Teftaceoiis F.

99. Carthagena F. , 103. Rufty-coloured F. 100. Imperial F. 104. Nootka F.

. Houfe Sparrow, Gen. Syn. iii. p| ;248. N° I Arii. Zool. ii, p. 3 82 . G. i Fringilla domellica, Brun, N°'264, 265.— Vog. pi. in Fam, 5«// p. 77. <^~|^^Yfw Arag. p. 87.

jyLACK sparrows are not- uncommon, but all which I have

feen have been of a dul,l colour. Mr. T'km/.'z// mentions one which came under his infpeftion, which was of as deep and glofljr a black as that of a Crow. Mr, Sparrman, in his account of the Carlfonian Mnjeum, defcribes a Fiiwh* which was wholly white, the bill and legs not excepted. This was probably a white Houfe

Sparrow, though he fays that the bill was fomewhat larger in proportion.

Tree Finch, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 252. N" z.-^ArSi. Zool, ii. N" 246. 2. Fringilla montana, Sepp Vog, pi. in p. 79. H-TREE FINCH,

*X*HE neft in the above author is placed in the hollow of a tree, compofed of bents, mixed with a few feathers. The eggs five in number, of a pale brown, marked with fpots of deep brown. • N" 20.

X % Mr. . —

164. F I N C H.

PiAC£. Mr. Hutchins informs me, that this bird, or one greatly fimi-

lar, comes into HudforCs Bay in Jpril, and departs in September,

Is called by the Nepetherway Indians, Nepin apethafijh. He

thinks it not unlikely, that my Mountain Finch, N° 16 *, may be

the fame fpecies. His bird differs fomewhat in the placing, as

well as the conftrudtion, of the neft j for it is made on the ground

among the _g-r^/f, and compofed o^ mud without, znAftra'vt) with-

in, lined with foft hair or down. The eg^i are the fame in number and colour.

Black- faced Finch, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 253. N" 3. Ar£i. Zool. ii. N» 255. ELACK- FACED F. 'TPHE circumftance of the fecond figure, in P/. Enl. 181, being female to the other in the fame plate, feems to be doubted by Mr. Pennant f

Place, The fuppofed /^»3a/^ is certainly found in C^rc//«i3 ; the other

probably only inhabits Cayenne, I am the lefs capable of judging, as neither of the birds in queflion has come under my infpeftion.

Ring Sparrow, Gen, Syn, iii. p. 254. N«4. RING SPAR. ROW. TUTR. Tunjtall informs me, that he had thefe birds living for fome time, but never could find that they had any cry or note. The ring on the breafts of fome was much brighter than in others, and probably fuch were the male birds.

* See obfervatioBs on the above bird in Aril, Zool, vol. ii. p. 373=

Chaffinch^ — —

F t N C H. i6s

Chaffinch, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 257. N» 10. Jr^. Zool. ii. p. 381, F, 10.

Fringilla ctelebs, Sepp Vog. pi. in p. \^\.—mFaun, -drag. p. 87. -CHAFFINCH.

'T'HE Chaffinch is fometimes feen with coal-black legs, fuch an

one being fliot ntzr London*. Called by fome, in the north of England, White Lijinet and Flax-Finch ; by others, Sfink f," from its cry.

Var. Gloffy Finch, Gen. Byn. iii. p. 267. N''zi. A, 21. Fringilla ^thiops, Jacq^. Vog. p. 10. N'>7. Var. a.

GLOSSY F. I and fhape of a Chaffinch. The irides of a rufous colour : j. C ZE )escriptiok. the whole plumage, without exception, of a deep black.

This is found in the ^oodio^ Carthagena. Its note very weak ; Place andMan^ NERS. and to produce it, requires great exertion, as the head feathers, during the time of finging, as well as thofe of the neck, appear erect. It feeds on fruits and feeds, is eafily tamed, and when in a cage will eat bread.

Cowpen Finch, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 269. N" 24. ArSi. Zool. ii, N" 241. 24. COWPEN F. defcription in the Arctic Zoology fays, that the male has the t^ THE 1 i>-' 1 ' Description, head and neck dufky brown : back, wings, body, and tail, Maie fine black, glofled with green and blue.

The female deep brown : breaft and belly light cinereous Female. brown : chin white: wings and tail dufky, edged with brown. This fpecies arrives at New York in May, lays five eggs in Place. fune, and migrates fouthward in Augiifi.

» Mr. Tunjiall. f Can this be cwrupted from the word Pinion ? Id. White- . — —

F I N C •I 66

32- White-throated Finch, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 272. N" 32. -JrB. ZooL li. N" 24&C WHITE- THROATED F. 'T'HIS fpecies has been feen in fmall flocks ztNewTork in Ja-

nuary, and is met with in funnnrier in Newfoundland. Some

of them have the orange fpot at the bafe of the bill vet]' obfcurcj and want the white fpot on the chin; from which circumllance fuch may be fuppofed to hz females*

57- American Goldfinch, Gen. Syn. iii. p. z88. N«57. Aril. ZooL ii, N*242. M- AMERICAN GOLDFINCH, 'X'HESE birds are moftly called York Tellows, as coming moftly from the neighbourhood of New York. Mr. Tunjiall afTures me, that having kept feverai of them, both male znd female conftantly loft their yellow in the winter feafon,

and became exaftly of the colour of my var. B. of the Sijhn f, and as conftantly recovered their original plumage in the fpring.

58. Sifein, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 289. N" 58.—^r^. ZooL ii. p. 383. I. 4- SISKIN. Fringilla fpinus, Sef/i Fog. pi. in p. 135.

'X'HE above author has delineated the neft in the fame plate

with the bird. It is placed in the fork of a tree, rompofed of dry bents mixed with leaves, and lined within with feathers of various colours, and very, full of them. The eggs are three in

number, of a longifh form, and of a dull white.

* Jrif. ZooL

f iii. p. 291. Le Tarin de la Nouvelle York, Buf. Oif. iv. p. 231. PL EnL

292. f. I, 2.

Lepid — —

FINCH. 1167

Lepid Finch, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 299. N" 67. 67. Fringilla lepida, Jacq. Fog. p. 7. N° 5. pi. 2. LEPID F.

TN Jacquin's figure of the bird, the plumage inclines much to

green : the under parts fronn the breaft, and one or more of the outer tail feathers, white. It has alfo the fulvous ftreak above,

but not beneath the eye : the chin is fulvous, furrounded by duflcy black, and the breaft of the fame colour. The total length fcarcely four inches.

Greater Redpole, Gen. Syn, iii. p. 304. Jr^. Zool. ii. N*26i *. 74- _ +- Fringilla cannabina, Sepp Vog. pi. in p. i^j.—Faun. Arag. p. 87. GREATER. REDPOLE.

'X'HE neft appears in .Tif^^'s work. It is placed on the ground,

compofed of fibres of roots mixed with dry bents, and a little portion of mofs, in texture pretty compaft. The eggs are

three in number, of a blueifti white, a little mottled with yellow,, and fpeckled with brown.

Lefler Redpole, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 305. N" 75. Jr^. Zool, ii. N° 262i -{- LESSER TV/TR. Boys, of Sandwich, informs me, that this fpecies comes REDPOLE.. over, the beginning o( November, in great numbers, along the coaft oi Kent -, and at their firft arrival are either fo fatigued or familiar, that the children about Deal and 'Thanet catch them with their hands *.

* At this time, the wind being ftrong at /outh-eafi, come over Woodcock:,. Gee/e, and other vjildfoivl.—'Mr, B,

\ Amaduvade ,

1 6 8 FINCH.

Amaduvade Finch, Gen. Sj>?, iii, p, 311, N°S|. +. AMADU. VADE F. TN fome drawings from India, I obferve two of thefe birdsj the

one marked as ufual, the other olive -, and, I make no doubt, defigned for different fexes. Mr, Tunflall informs me, that he has

kept them often, and obferved that they became more fpotted, in

proportion to their age ; and that one in particular, which feemed

as it were powdered with white, when firft in his poffeirion, had

fcarce any white fpots about it.

97- Yellow-throated Finch, JrB, Zool. ii. N° 249.- YELLOW. THROAtED F. "D ILL and legs blueifh grey : head and upper parts of the body Description. cinereous : primaries dulky, edged with pale brown : chin

white : on the throat a pale yellow fpot : belly dirty white. Place. Inhabits New 2'ork.

98. LOVELY F. CIZE of a Sifiin. Bill red: general colour of the plumage

Description. green : chin and fore part of the neck inclining to yellow :

belly and vent elegantly barred with black and white : taildufky

black : legs pale red.

Place. Inhabits India. I met with the above among the drawings of

Lady Impey ; as alfo in fome others, in poffeffion of Mrs. Wheeler.

I have my fufpicions that it is either a young bird, or a female of

the Beautiful Finch*, as it differs very little therefrom in colour,

except in the forehead and throat, which are not red, as in that

• VoL Iii. p. 366. bird FINCH. i6^

bird : yet, as it is much fmaller in fize, and the rump and tail not chefnut, it may poflibly be a diilinft fpecies.

Fringilla Carthaginienlls, ^acj. Fog. p. 8. N»j^ CARTHAGENA F. CIZE a trifle bigger than a Canary-Bird. Bill pale brown: Descriptiok. general colour of the plumage cinereous, fpotted with brown and yellow : legs the colour of the bill.

This is found in the woods of Carthagena, in South America, and Place. has a note not unlike that of a Chaffinch. Feeds on feeds.

I-OO. IMPERIAL F. CIZE of the Amaduvade Finch: length three inches and a half. Description* Bill dufky red : crown, and all the under parts of the body, yellow J the upper parts pale ferruginous rofe-colour r quills and tail dufky ; the laft fhort : legs pale dufky red.

Inhabits Cy&z»<3.—Defcribed from fome drawings in polTefnon of Peage^ Sir Jofeph Banks.

Fringilla albo-ocracea, Jacq, Vog. p. 19. N° 14. t. j, 101. OKER F.

^\Tj'^ oi 2. Chaffinch. The bill and legs yellow : general colour Description. of the plumage white, except the head, fore part of the neck, breaft, and wing coverts, which are more or lefs of the colour of yellow oker.

This was defcribed from a living fpecimen in an aviary, faid to Peace,. have been caught in Auftria. It feems to me rather a variety of fome of the Finch tribe, than a diftinft fpecies.

SUPPL, Fringilla-- F I N C Ho

" 102. Fringilla tellacea, Jaca. /V. p. 27. N" 21. t. 12. ' TESTACEOUS

f ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill pale red : irides black: head, neck, and back, ferruginous, mottled with black:

breaft and belly the fame, but paler: wings and tail brown : legs ^ flefh-colour. Place. Brought from Portugal to Fienna.

103- RUSTY-COL- C I ZE uncertain. General colour brown, with a ferruginous LARED F. <^ collar.,, Place. Inhabits Terra del Fuep.

104. NOOTKA F. CIZE uncertain. General colour black, with a white bill. Place. Inhabits Nootka Soundy where it is called Mamat *.

• Cook's Lafi Voy. ^//.

Genus [ S7I 1

GiNus XXXVm. FLYCATCHER.

N" 79- Phcebe Fl. N' 84. Society Fl. 80. Golden-throat Fl. 85. White-fronted Fl 81. Nitid Fk 86. PafTerine Fl. 82, Leffer Crefted Fl. 87. African Fl, 83- Hanging Fl..

Bourbon Flycatcher, Gen. Sjn. iii. p. 330. N" 7, BOURBON FL. npHE head of the female, is aih-coloured *.-

Flammeous Flycatcher, Gen. Sjn.vi. p. 338. N'zfi. 26. Br. Muf. FLAMMEOUS FL.

/V FINE fpecimen of the male is in the pofTeffion of Sir JoJ^ph D ESCRIPTXON, Banks. The length fix inches. The bill black, with a flight

notch near the tip : the plumage on the upper parts black : runnp

and upper tail coverts a fine glowing orange : chin, throat, and

fides of the head, beneath the eye, black : from the breafl to the

legs orange : vent yellowifh white : thighs black : tail very cu-

neiform in fhape ; the two middle feathers three inches in

length ; the outer one but an inch and a half; colour black j the

ends of all, except the four middle feathers, more or lefs orange-

coloured : legs black.

Brifon

Z a Slack: 172 FLYCATCHER,

28. Black Flycatcher, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 338. N" 28. BLACK FL. Var. CIZE and fliape of the Goldfinch. Bill blackj with whitifh Descriftiok. edges: head, neck, breafl, belly, and tail, black: wings the

fame, marked with a fmgle white fpot in the middle : the ends of

the greater coverts ferruginous : fome of the prinrie quills and fe-

condaries edged with yellow : legs black. PtACE. Inhabits India. Called Grey Peedaw.—Lady Imj>sj.

' 36. • A^ure Flycatcher, Gf«. 5ji«. iii. p. 339. N' 20. AZURE FL. T Obferve one of thefe figured among Mr. Middleton's India

drawings. The general colour indigo blue. The bill very hooked at the point, and the bafe befet with long hairs, fonne of

thenn reaching beyond the tip : irides yellow, furrounded with

black : the top of the head mottled with black : on the lower

part of the neck a narrow black crefcent : belly white. Place. -j-j^jg jg ^Qt uncommon about Calcutta and other parts of India;

and feeds on files.

44. Paradife Flycatcher, G^«. 5>i«. iii. p. 34c. N° 44. and Van PARADISE FL, T HAVE twice met with this bird in drawings done in India, in which the cinnamon-coloured one was exprefled as the female of the whit-e one. The name given to them was Shawhul, which

means the King of Singing Birds, as the bird is faid to have a moft delightful note *.

• Lady Jmpej. Cayenne FLYCATCHER. 173

Cayenne Flycatcher, Gen. Syn, iii. p. 355. N° 58. 58. CAYENNE FL. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Gen. Sy,i. iii. p. 359. N" 65.

"PLEASE to make thefe two only one fpecies.

Zool. ii. Dufky Flycatcher, jirSl, N" 275. 7p, PHCEBE FL.

T-TEAD dufky : back of a dull cinereous olive : quills and fe- Dhscriptio^;.

condaries dufky ; the laft edged with white : bread pale alh-

colour: belly whitifh yellow: tail dufky j exterior web of the outer feather white : legs black. Sent from New Tork, by the name of fmall or common Phcthy Place andMan- Bird, or Bee-Eater. Appears the latter end oi March, or begin- ners.

ningof y//rz7. Lays five fmall white eggs. Difappears invfa|-«/?.

Eats bees.

Golden-throat Flycatcher, ArS. Zool. ii. N° 276. gj GOLDEN- ^ROWN of the head, upper part of the neck and body, dirty THROAT FL.

olive: throat and ridge of the wing of a very rich yellow : Description.

breaft and belly white, tinged with yellow : primaries and tail bright olive green. Inhabits New Tork. Plage.-

81. NITID FL SIZE fmall. Bill black: plumage pale green: coverts edged

with white : quills and tail dufky, with yellowifh edges : legs black.

Inhabits China.-—'M.:%. Wheeler. Placb.

I Lefler -174 F L y C A T C H E Rv

LESSER Leffer Grefted Flycatcher, ArS. Zool. ii. N" 268. CRESTED FL.

ACK part of the head crefted : head, neck, and back, of a-, DESCRIPTION. dirty light cinereous green : breafh and belly whitilh, tinged

with yellow: wings and tail dufl

bars of white : fecondaries edged with white : legs black. PlaCEo Inhabits Nova Scotia.—In the colleftion of Colonel Davies.

83. Green Flycatcher, JrG. Zool.W. N° 274. HANGING FL.

Description, X-TEAD cinereous green : on each fide of the bill a yellow fpotr

back and wing coverts pale green ; acrofs the laft two white

' bars ; primaries and tail dufky, edged with green: throat pale

afh-c41our : middle of the belly white : fides of a fine yellow..

-Blace.- Inhabits New Tork, and is a fcarce fpecies. Comes in .May^. breeds, and retires in Auguft. Was fent to England by the nameof Small Green Hanging Bird,

84. M'ufclcapa nigra, Sparr. Muf. Carlf. pi. 23. SOCIETY FL. De-$cription. T ENGTH fix inches. Bill nearly an inch, flout at the bafc,, and a trifle curved towards the point; the bafe befet with

briftles. The whole bird is black; but the bill, head, fpace between the fhoulders, and legs, are of a much deeper colour than

the reft. The wings reach one third on the tail.

Place. ln[\2}o\x.s,Otaheite, and other iflands contiguous thereto. I find one fimilar to this among the papers of Sir Jofeph Banks, recorded

by Mr. Anderjen. His bird has. a lead- coloured bill, and the hack. FLYCATCHER. 175

-and wing coverts inclining to brown; ctherwife it is black.

Alio a fecond is there mentioned, fuppofed to be the female; the

whole of the plumage of which is of an uniform black brown.

Mufcicapa albifrons, Sparrm. Muf. Carl/. N" 24. WHITE- FRONTED FL. T ENGTH five inches and three quarters. Bill black, (lender, Description.

a trifle curved at the point, and a few hairs at the bafe : fore-

head dufky white : hind head, nape, fboulders, wing coverts, and

fecond quills, footy black : prime quills brown, edged with ferru-

ginous : fore part of the neck and breaft dufky white ; the lliafts

of the feathers brown : belly pale ferruginous : tail two inches in

length; all the feathers of an uniform black : legs black. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Is greatly fimilar to the Cold- Paace. fnch J but differs in wanting the white on the wings, and the tail

feathers being all of one colour.

86. PASSERINE FLo C I Z E uncertain. Colour of the plumage on the upper parts of Descriptibn.

the body duflcy black ; beneath whitifh : tail black. Inhabits the ifland of Tanna.—Defcribed from drawings in the Paace. poffeffion of Sir "jofeph Banks.

Mufcicapfa ochracea, Sp«rrm. Muf. Carlf. pi. zz, g^. AFRICAN FL, T ENGTH eight inches and a half. Bill pale: head and DEscaipxiowi

back brownifti : neck and breaft ferruginous afh-colour ; the

feathers narrow, and fliarp at the ends : the region of the ears 9 covered *76 FLYCATCHER.

covered with a tuft of longifli narrow feathers : belly the colour

of rufty oker : quills, wing coverts, and tail, black at the tips and

inner fides; the outer edge white : tail the length of the body:

legs black : claws yellow. Place. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, It feems much to refemble the JJb-coloured Flycatcher,

Genus [ >77 3

Genus XXXIX. LARK.

Black Lark, Gen. Sy». iv. p. 380. N" 13. j.»_ Tanagra Sibirica, Sparrm. Muf. Carlf. N° ig. BLACK LARK,

'T'HIS I apprehend to be the fame with my Black Lark; and

have fome reafon to think that the MutableLark* is a variety, and not a diftinft fpecies, of the firft named.

Calandre Lark, Gen. Sjn, iv, p. 382. N" l^.—ArS,Z

'T'HIS bird inhabits India, if not China alfo; in refpeft to

the firft, the drawings of Lady Impey affirm it. We have alfo feen it reprefented in other drawings, which were faid to have come from tlie laft-named place.

• VoLiv. g. 38J. N»i4»

-Soppir. A a Genus — —

[ ^78 3

Genus XL. W A G T A ' I L.

White Wagtail, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 395. N° I. Ji-a. Zool. ii. p. 396. E. W. WHITE Motacilla^alba, Sepp Vcg. pi. in p. up. Faun.Arag. p. 88,

'T^HIS is found as high as Iceland, the Feroe ifles, and Dron-

theim ; is alfo common in RuJJia, Sihiria, and Kamtfchatka, but does not extend to the more northern regions.

This bird, as well as the following fpecies, alTo hits India;

a drawing of both birds being in the colleftion of Lady i//.;^^}', done on the fpot.

Grey Wagtail, Gen. Syn. Iv. p. 398. N" 4. GREY W. Motacilla boarula. Faun. Arag. p. 89.

npH I S fpecies, I have reafon to think, is not feen in thtjouth of

England in the fummer feafon ; nor have I been able to af-

certain its breeding-place nearer than Cumberland, which Dr. H^-

Jham aflfures me it does every year, making its lirft appearance there about Jpril. He has never met with the neft, but has (hot

the young ones in June more than once, and thinks that it departs

fouthward in October, about the time it appears with us in

Kent; for I do not recolleft ever feeing it before the 8th or

9th of that month.—Mr, Jack/on informs me, that it breeds in Ireland.

Vellow —

WAGTAIL. 175,

yellow Wagtail, Gen. Syn. \v. p. 400, N° 6. Ai\1. Zool. li. p. 3561 f. 6. YELLOW W, Motacilla flava, Sefp Fog. pi. in p. iot,,—Faun, Arag. p. 88.

T N Sepp'% plate the eggs are white, mottled with red brown fpots. Is faid to inhabit Sweden, but not higher. Common in all parts of RuJJia, Sibiria, and even Kamt/chatka,

A a 2 Gin u — — —

[ i§o 3

Genus XLL WARBLER.

N» 150. Awatcha W. N» 154. Equinoaial W. 151. Reed Wreno 155. Black- necked W. 152. Lefler White Throat. 156. Plumbeous W. 153. Van-Diemen's W.

j^ Nightingale, Ge«. 5)'«. iv. p. 40S. N» i.—^>-5.Z5(?/. p, 416, A.

NIGHTINGALE Motacilla lufcinia, Brun. N° 270. Sefp Fog. pi. in p. 123. Fauiu Arag, p. 88.

EITHER this bird, nor the Blackcap, inhabit Ireland; nor

is the Redjiart known to be there for certain *.

21. Sedge Warbler, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 430. N° 21, ArB, Zool. ii. p. 419. M. SEDGiS Vf, Junco minor, 5«/i/ ^oj, pi. inp. 99 ?

'X'HE bird figured in this author is fo much like xS\t Sedgt

IVarhkr, that I think them one and the fame fpecies. The

neft is fmaller than that of the Reed Wren of IVIr. Lightfoot ; but

compofed of much the fame materials, though lefs deep. It is not tied to the reeds in the manner of that of the Reed Wren, buc the whole of the fides of the neft invelopes the reed which fup-

ports it. The eggs are three in number, of a pale yellowilh brown.

In the fame author I find a bird, by the name of Arundinacea

minima, but no reference to any author. The neft of this is

* Mr. Jaikfon. faftened WARBLER. lit

faftened round three forks of branches j is of a downy texture. The eggs five in number, lilie thofe of the Jimco minory but fpeckled with minuter brown foots.

Dartford Warbler, Gcu. Sy>!. iv. p. 435. N» 27. 27, DARTFORO W. T AM informed by an intelligent obferver of E^iglifi birds *, that he has never met with this fpecies in the neighbourhood of

London, except in winter i and that it difappears before the end of

Jpril. Should this be the general faft, I can by no means recon-

as all cile the circumftance of its breeding in France -f, migratory birds go northward to breed, not to a warmer climate; andfhould rather fuppofe, that if it does not quit England in fummer, it will hereafter be found in the northern parts of it, as has been obfesved in relpedl to the Grey Wagtail.

Long- legged Warbler, Gen, Syn, iv. p. 465. N" 74. 74. LONG-LEG- GED \T. 'T'HIS fpecies varies : fometimes the colour is brown inftead of

green. As to fize, it mufl: be extremely minute, as one weighed by Mr. Anderfon equalled no more than 120 grains J. 74- Var. a. C I ZE very frnall: length three inches. Bill and legs yellow- Description.

ifh : general colour brownifh : the under parts of the body dufky white. Inhabits Fan Diemea's land. Suppofed to be a variety of the Placr. Long-legged.

'Mr. Grten. f ff//?.V« 0//*. vol, v. p. 158. I MS. at Sir Jo/. Banh's. Wheat- — —

i8a WARBLER.

7?- Wheat-ear, Gen. Syn. iv. p.465. N" 75. Jr^. Zoo!, ii. 420. F. WHEAT-EAR. p. Motacilla oenanthe, Sepf Vog. pi. in p. 163.

T^HIS is met with at the Cape of Good Hope*. The birds which we fee in our quarters are probably on their pafTage to

the parts where they breed. Are firft met with on our downs and commons in fmal! numbers, about the middle oi April; and after flaying a fortnight or more, depart elfewhere, and are not feen

again till their return in Augtiji. I cannot fay that I have obferved

them in the fame places on their return more than once or twice in

my life, though I have remarked them every year at their coming.; but Mr. Boys informs me, that he has feen them in plenty about

Sandwich, on the loth of Auguji. I have been told, that when they breed in the rabbit burrows, a circumftance not unfrequent,

the neft is placed fo far therein, as fcarcely to be wlchin the reach

of a man's arm t»

Ceylon Warbler, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 474. N°8'7. CEYLON W. Green Indian Warbler, Ge/i. Sjn. iv. p. 4.74. N° 90..

AM informed that thefe two birds differ only in fex.

104, runiped Warbler, Gsn, Sjn^'iv. p. 481. N" 104. Jn^. Zool. n. YELLOW- Yellow- N" 286. RUMPED V^. Var. BIRD fimilar to this, if not the fame, is feen in fummer at DESCRIfTlON. Hud/on's Bay, Length five inches j breadth fix inches and. a

• Mr. Pmiant, t Mr. Green, half,^ WARBLER. 183

Lalfi weight five drams. Irides blue j orbits white: lore an^ ears black : on each fide of the head a ftreak of white : throat and belly light yellow : bread and thighs ftreaked longitudinally black and yellow : vent white : back black, ftreaked with dull green : fcapulars green and dove-colour : leiTer wing coverts grey; greater white, longitudinally ftreaked with black: quills black, edged with grey : tail coverts yellow, tipped with black neareft the tail : tail feathers black, edged with white ; all the feathers, except the two middle ones, marked with a large fpot of white on the inner web : legs black.

This comes \nto Hudfon's Bay in fummer ; builds in the wil- Place avd Mak- I"ERs. lows a neft compofed of grafs and feathers ; lays four eggs ; the young hatched in July ; feeds on flies ; cries againft rain, or at leaft has a fhrill fong, which it lengthens out confiderably againft rain ; from which circumftance the natives give it the name of apaykutejhijh*. Kimmewan 1

Yellow-poll Warbler, iv. Gen. Syn. p. 515. N" 148. i ,g. YELLOW.POLl ^'^ R. Pennant fuppofes the two birds, defcribed under this title, to be diftinft fpecies; and mentions the fecond under the title oi Olive PVarbler-f, Mr. Hutchins informs me, that the Tel- low-Poll comes into Hudfon's Bay in June, and that the irides are blue. It is feen chiefly among the willows in woods, and is perpetually flying from tree to tree, and makes a foft noife. The neft fcems well put together, and compofed of mofs, grafs, hair, and feathers, interwoven : fometimes placed at a fmall height up

,• Mk Hutchins, t ^rii. Zool. N° 307.

, a tree. 184 W A R B L E R,

a tree, at other times near the bottom. It lays from three to five

white eggs, marked with rnfty-coloured fpots. Is called at Hudjon's Bay, Sowow pethayfijh.

150. Awatcha Warbler, ArB, ZooL ii, p. 422. T. AWATCHA W. Description. ^¥VE crown of this bird, the upper part of the neck and body^

are deep brown : primaries edged with white : lower part of

the five outmoft feathers of the tail deep orange, ends brown j the

two middle feathers wholly brown : throat and breaft white ; the

fides of the firfl, and all the laft, fpotted with black : from the

tipper mandible to each eye an oblique white line : fides pale ruft-

colour : middle of the belly white. PtACE. Inhabits K/imtf(hatka.

Motacilla arundinacea, Phil, Tranf. vol. Ixxv, p, 8. pi. i:^ H-REED WREN. J)escription. CIZE of the Willow Wren: weight feven pennyweights nine grains. Length of the male feven inches and a half; of the

female, fix and three quarters. Bill half an inch, of a dark horn-

colour ; the under mandible flefli-colour ; infide of the mouth

orange : irides olive brown : eyelaflies dirty white: from the bill

to the eye a broad fl:reak of tawny white : the general colour of

xhe plumage greenidi olive brown : quills and tail brown, with,

paler edges ; the laft fomewhat cuneiform in fliape : the chin

white } the reft of the under part tawny white ; bafe of all the

feathers black : the legs are of a light olive : foles of the feet

bright greenifh yellow. The male and /

I The fi. rxm.

^/^/j^rr "^/ify/fr 'J/trprf/^. WARBLER. 185

The neft is compofed externally of dry ftalks of grafs, lined for ?lac^ andMan- ^'^'^^• the moft part with the flowery tufts of the common reed ; but fometimes withfmall dead grafies, and a few black horfe-hairs to

cover them. The neft is ufually fufpended, or fattened on, like a hammock, between three or four ftalks of reeds, by means of dead

grafs, &c. ; but the bird does not always confine herfelf to the

reeds, as inftanccs are feen of the neft being made on the branches

of a water-dock j or, as was the cafe in that fronri which the draw-

ing was taken, in a trifurcated branch of a fhrub near the water. The eggs are commonly four, of a dirty white, ftained all over

with dull olive fpots, chiefly at the largeft end, where are gene-

rally feen two or three fmall irregular black fcratches. The above bird frequents the river Coin, in Btickinghamjhire, Place. and no doubt other rivers and watery places where reeds grow. It

is a pretty fhy bird, and not often taken, though the neft is frequently met with. It may eafily be miftaken for the Sedge Bird,

but is certainly a different fpecies j the circumftance of its having the bafe of the bill much broader than in the Sedge Bird, were there no other charafleriftic, muft alone determine the difference between them.

Motacilla Tylvia, Z/«. SyJ}. i. p. 230. N" 9 ^.—Faun. Suec. N" 250 ? J52. LESSER WHITE

IZE of the Telloisj Wren, and of the fame fiender fliape : J^^^^l'^J' Pl. cxiii. length fcarcely five inches. Bill half an inch long, (lender, Description. and dufky 5 bafe of the under mandible pale yellow : irides dark-: the upper parts of the plumage in general pale cinereous brown, fomewhat darker on the crown j the under parts, from the chin to the vent, dufl

fame colour as the body, except the outer feather, which is paler

on the outer web ; the two middle feathers are a trifle fhorter than

the reft, making the tail appear fomewhat forked when fpread :

the wings reach rather more than one third thereon, when at

reft : legs deep brown. Male and female much alike. Plage andMan- xhc bird was firft introduced to my notice by the Reverend NERS. Mr. Lightfoot; who informed me, that it is found in May- and

June near Buljirode, in Buckinghamjhire ; and that it builds in

hraynhle and other low buflies. The neft is compofed of dry

hents mixed with wool, within lined with bents of a finer texture,

and here and there a few white hairs of a horfe ox cow, though not fufficient to form a lining. The eggs are white*, marked with fmall dots of brown, and larger irregular blotches of the fame to-

wards the larger end j alfo fome other blotches of a paler brown

mixed with the laft ; the fmail end quite plain.

I have much reafon to think that the above has not been de-

fcribed by authors as a Britijh fpecies ; and I greatly fufpeft that

it differs very little from the Motadllajylvia of Linnaeus, if not the

fame bird. That Linnieus's bird is not our White-throat, I be-

lieve is manifeft, both from fize and colours. That author ex-

prefsly fays, that the fize fcarcely exceeds that o(i\itTeUowWren-\-y.

and that it bears great afEnity to the Sedge BirdX- But that the

bird in queftion is neither the Tellovj Wren, nor Sedge Bird, I am

clear, as I have all the three now before me.

* There were only three in the neft which came under my infpeftion» Vix Mctacilla trochila major. -J- % He fays of the Salicaria, or ^edge Bird—Avis valde afEnis Sylma, modo aon fexu tantum diftinfta. Fauti. Suec. N" 249, 250. 4 LENGTH WARBLER, 187

VAN-D^EMEN'S T E N G T H fix inches and a half. Bill the length of the head, ftriee colour black : forehead marked with white : fpace over Description,

the eyes, and the cheeks, whitifli : back brown, mixed with white: wings pale brown j the edges of mod of the feathers fulvous on the outer edges, forming a fpot of the fame on the wing : tail fliorter than the body, fomewhat cuneiform in fhape; the outer margin of the feathers, halfway from the bafe, pale fulvous; the two outer ones on each fide marked with a white fpot within, at the tips : the under parts of the body white : the breaft and vent ftriped longitudinally with white : legs black. Inhabits Van Biemen's Land.—Defcribed from the papers of Place, Mr. Anderfon.

154- EQUINOCTIAL W. QIZE nearly that oi z Sparrow. Bill dufky : general colour Description, teftaceous brown, paleft on the rump ; under parts of the body white : quills and tail brown j the laft a trifle round, and croflfed with obfolete bars.

Inhabits Chrijimas IJle. Sings with a Ihort warble, which is not Place. unpleafing, fomewhat like that of the 5«^^Wz>/^?F«r^/^r. — Defcribed from the fame papers as the laft.

BLACK-NECK- T>ILL yellow, the bafe blue : crown and hind part of the neck ED W. black; the feathers longifh, fo as to form a creft at will: Descriptior^, fides of the neck, breaft, and belly, reddilh white : back and wing coverts light grey ; primaries and tail black : legs yellow.

Inhabits India. , Placi, B b 2 Lev. i88 WARBLER.

Lenj. Muf, 156. PLUMBEOUS W. OIZE fmall : length three inches and three quarters. Bill Description. jfhort, dufl

black ; beneath, pale afh-colour : quills and tail duflcy ; legs deep brown. Native place uncertain.

Genus XLII. M A N A K I N,

1?. Striped-headed Manakin, G^». ^jiw. iv. p. 526. N°ii. STRIPED- HEADED M, yr HAVE been hitherto at a lofs for the native place of this

bird. Mr. Jnderfon'i papers infornn me, that it is a native of

Van Diemen's Land. I think it not an improbable fuppofitionj^ that the Brown Shrike * may be the other fex of this fpecies^

* Vol. Lp. 191.

GSNUS —

[ i89 3

Genus XLIII. TITMOUSE.

Azure Titmoufe, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 538. N° 3. ArSi. Zool. ii. p. 426. C. AZURE T, Parus Saebyenfis, Sparrm. Muf. Carlf. pi, 25.

'T'HIS beautiful fpecies inhabits the northern parts o( Europe.

It is found in Sudermania * ; alfo met with in great abundance

in the northern woods o^ Sibiria and Ruffia, and ihout Synbirjk, in

the government o( Cafan. It is migratory, appearing in winter converfant about the houfes in St. Peierjhurgh. It twitters like a

Sparrowj but with a fofter and fweeter note-f.

Marfti Titmoufe, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 541. N° 8. JrSi. Zool. ii. p. 427- E, MARSH T, Parus paluftris, Brun. N° 288.—5f// Fog. pi. in p. 47.

TN my Synopjis it has not appeared clear to me, whether the Cole-

moufe and this were different fpecies. I find it to be the opinion q( Sepp, that they form but onCj being both figured in the fame plate, as male s^ndi female. In one of them is a fpot of white on the hind head, and the fides of the head are white : the throat black. The other has the top of the head wholly black, and the black fpot of the throat wanting. The neft feems here compofed of fedge, m.ixed with large cai's tail, lined with down and feathers i furnifhed with five white eggs, mottled with red brown.

* Muf. Carlf, f Ara. Zool.

Long.- —

190 TITMOUSE.

Long-tailed Titmoufe, Gen.Syn. iv. p. 550. N? 18.—JrJ?, Zool. ii. p. 438. G.

LONG -TAIL- Parus caudatus, Sefp Fog, pi. in p. 49, ED T.

1 N my Synop/ts I have faid, that this bird had been brought from Jamaica, I think it neceflary here to inform the reader, that my friend, who related to me she circumftance, was led into

the error, from receiving it among fome other birds which were

natives of that place ; but was afterwards informed that it had been added to them in England, after their arrival.

20, Bearded Titmoufe, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 552. N° zo JrSl. Zool. iii p. 428. H. BEARDED T. Parus biarmicus, Sepp Vog. pi. in p. S^.~^£ru?i. p. 8. {Lanius.)

T HAVE never yet been able myfelf to afcertain the neft and

eggs. In Sepp's plate the neft is placed on the ground among

l\\e fedges. It is of a very loofe texture, compofed of the tops of

dry grafs, mixed with the feed-heads of rayJ^w and reeds, -^'nh. nar^ row leaves intermixed. The eggs four in number, of a reddifh white, marked with fmall brown fpots.

This fpecies is found in Schonen, in Sweden; but rarely. Is very common about the Cafpian Sea and Palus Maotis, and among

the rulhes of the rivers which fall into them j but in no high la-

titudes in Jfta. None in Sibiria *.

24. Hudfon's Bay Titmoufe, Gen, Sjn. iv. p. 557. N° if.—ArB, Zool, ii. p. 425. HUDSON'SBAY T. 'T^HIS fpecies has fcarce any note beyond a chirp. Is feen

amongy««zpfr plains the whole year. In winter, fly in fmall

* Jra. Zool, flocksi TITMOUSE. 191 flocks, a little way at a time. Builds in the Jumpers in JuMe, and makes a neft of grafs, lined with feathers. The young fly the beginning of July. In the fummer its food is flies of all kinds; and is very fond of mojkitoes, with which it alfo brings up its young; but in winter, is obliged to fubfift on berries unAjeedsy and at times on the infides of juniper ^nd pine hudst faid to be fliored up for the purpofe *.

Great-headed Titmoufe, Gen, Syti. iv. p. 557. N^ 25. ^r, GREAT-HEAD= ED T. A Variety, met with in Norfolk Ifland, differed in having the Var. A. breafl: of a beautiful mw/^K, inftead of or^JKg-ei-.

? Mr. Hutchins. t Anderfott'% MS.

• Genus- — —

192 ]

Genus XLIV. SWALLOW.

Chimney Swallow, Gen. Sjiii. iv. p. 561. N° l.-^ArB.Zool. ii. N" -^CHIMNEY 330. Hirundo domeftica, Sepp Fog. pi. in — SW. p. 31. Faim. Arag. p. go.

'HE American one differs from the European fpecies, In having

the under fide ferruginous; which circumftance is alfo ob-

fervable in thofe which are found beyond the Jenifei, and in all the north-eaft part of Sihiria *. The Votiaks, a Finnijh nation,

pay great refpedt to the Swallow ; for " he that kills one of

thefe, a Lapwing, Pigeon, or Wagtail^ expofes himfelf to all forts

of misfortunes in his flock. They even build nefts for t\iQ Swal- lows f."

Martin, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 564. N° 3. ArB, Zool. ii. N°33i. 4- MARTIN. Hirundo urbica, Sepp Vog. pi. in p. 33, Faun, Arag. p. 90.

R. Hutchins informs me, that the Martin is called, at Hud-

Jon's Bay, Shajhywinepejhew ; but I am not certain that it

quite anfwers to the defcription of the Englijh fpecies : perhaps it

may be the Black-rumped onej mentioned in the Pbilofiiphical

TranJaSiiofis '^.

* Jr^. Zool. f RuJJta, vol. u p. 138. J Vol. \xu. p. 408.—^?-^. Zool.

Ambergris .

SWALLOW. 193

Ambergris Swallow, Gi». Syn, iv. p. 568. N" 9. • 9. AMBERGRIS ^^* ¥ ENGTH'five inches. General colour above, not unlike that Descriptiost. of the Sand-Martin; beneath, cinereous white: tail long, and greatly forked.

I met with tliis in the colleftion of Sir Jofeph Banks, fuppofed Placi. to have come from China. It is moft likely a variety, if not different in fex, from the Jmber-^is Swallow.

SuppLi. Gc- GenuJ — —

E »94 3

GiNus XLV. GOATSUCKER*

N° i6. Bombay G. N" 17. Indian G.

5. European Goatfucker, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 593. 'H" ^.—Ara. Zool. ii. p. 437. Ai> "}- EUROPEAN Caprimulgus europseus, SefpFog. pi, in p. 39. Brun, N° Z()i.—Faun,.Arag^ Gi p. 91.

npHIS fpecies is found all over Sibiria and Kamtjchatka. It

lives not. only in forefts, but alfo in open countries, where '\t finds rocks or high banks for flicker.

(5. Virginia Goatfucker, Gen. Syn. \v, p. 595. N°6. Ar£i,Zaol. ii. N° 337. .VIRGINIA G. Long- winged Goatfucker, ^>-,5.ZW.N° 33.7.

' I ' H E fexes feem to vary in this bird, as in the £«r(7pf^« fpecies. One of thefe, prefented to me by Mr. Wavely was eight inches

- - in length : the fpot on the chin rather paler than the reft of the

plumage, but by no means white : no fpot of white on either

quills or tail feathers, by which I judge it to be the female^ of

which that defcribed by me is the male.

It fliould feem to be the fame with x}iit. Mojchito Havjk o{ Hud-

fin's Bay, but Mr. Hutchins^s manufcript makes it nine inches and a half in length, twenty-three inches in breadth, and an ounce and

three quarters when the bowels are taken out. It is known at

Hudfin's Bay by the name of Payjk, or Peejk, from the note, and is

there migratory : faid to be very numerous in the interior parts^, and feeds on mujkitoss and^ies^ Sharp* i}6

GOATSUCKER. m

Sharp-tailed Goatfucker, Gen. Sj/i. iv. p. 600. N" IJ. >3- SHARP-TAIL^ EDG^ 'T'HE circumftance of the tail feathers of this bird being fharp at the ends, was omitted in the defcription given of it in the Synopjis. The fhafts of each feather are bare of webs at the tips, as in the Thorn-tailed Warbler* ; but fhorter, as in the Jculeated

Swallow f. Buffon obferves, that birds of this genus mix frequently with the

Bats; which is not fingular, fince their appearance of mornings and evenings is at the fame hours, and the food of both precifely alike. I well remember meeting with the bodies o( Cockchafers %

of the Bat •, and, on further enquiry, in the ftomach Horfe-JIwe || found that the animal ate the body of that infeft only, rejecting the other parts of it; as quantities of heads, corfelets, and wings, were found ftrewed on the ground about its haunts.

16; BOMBAY G. C I Z E of the Virginia Goatfucker : length eight inches and a half. Descr(ptio»j, Bill dufky : general colour of the plumage not unlike that of the Sibirian Owl, being a beautiful mixture of pale afh-colour, mottled with black and ferruginous : the top of the head is pale alh- colour, mottled with dufky down the middle of the crown: on each fide of the under jaw is a pale ftreak ; and on the throat, a whitifh fpot : the bread crofled with numerous cinereous bars : between the legs pale rufous : the quills are duflcy, barred with rufous the firft the fhorteftj four of the greater quills have a fpot of white on the inner web : the tail marked the fame as the quills

• -Sy«. vol.iv. p, 463. N" 71. f /i/.p. 583. N" 32. J Scarabs u

ii. Melolontha. Lit, _ || fliy?. ^«./r. p. 559. N0405. Cc 2 but GOATSUCKER,

but the two middle feathers are likewife mottled, as the baclcj the two outer ones on each fide have the ends white for about an

inch, but the white extends higher up on the outer webs : the

middle toe is greatly peftinated. IPlacEs Inhabits Bombay, in the Eajl Indies.—The defcription taken from one in the poffeffion of Sir Jofeph Banks,

!7. INDIAN G. Description. /^ROWN and back whitifh afn-colour, elegantly marked with

minute dufky lines : cheeks, breaft, wing coverts, and fe-

condaries, beautifully marked in the fame manner with lines and

large fpots of ruft : prime quills dufky". middle feathers of the

tail light afh, crofTed with a few black bars i outmoft feather rufty and black. 'I^ACK. Inhabits India, —Lady Impey,

Okdxs, —

C 197 1

Order IV. COLUMBINE. Genus XLVI. PIGEON.

* WITH MODERATE TAILS.

N" 60. a. Grey P. N° 60. b. Purple-fhouldered P..

Stock Pigeon, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 604. N" i. Ara. Zool. n, p. 329. A. i, "*" P. Columba oenas, Sepp Fog. pi. in p. i^.—Faun. Arag, p. 83. STOCK

'X'HE Pigeon is very common in the fouthern parts oi Ruffia,

and in Sweden; but is always obferved to migrate fouthward, as the winter approaches ; but none are feen in Sibiria, till you come beyond the Lake Baikal^ where a very fmall variety with the white rump breed in plenty among the rocks. Not a fingle fpecies is to be found in Kamtjchatka *.

Partridge Pigeon, Gen. Syn. iv. p. file. N* 3. 3» ^ ^ i- i i ^ PARTRIDGE P.

T HAVE a fufpicion that this bird is found in St. Helena; as I find, in Mr. Anderfon's catalogue, one fet down under the name of Columba perdix, which is faid to be common in that ifland.

White-winged Pigeon, G^»,5)'».iv. p. 617. N°'6. 6. WHITE-WING. ^^ ^' 'T' HIS is faid, by Jacquin f, to be found in Carthagena, in

South America : as alfo another, the fize of a Turtle; colour

* Ard-, Zool. f Vog. p. 38. N" 27. Columba leucoptera. brown. Z ,' —

PIGEON.

brown, black, and white, mixed; with a fcalloped neck and breaft, and black eyes.

12. Pompadour Pigeon, Gen, Syn. iv. p.624. N" 12. POMPADOUR P. T N H AB ITS various parts of India. Common up the country about Bengal, where it is called Cotula. It has a whiftling kind of note, not unlike that of a Thrujh, very different from that of other PigeoKS.-^Mr. Middleton,

T4. 'Green-winged Pigeon, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 625. N* 14. ^^'^ EdT^^^' Columba inaica, Jacq. Fog. p. 35. N" 29. pi. 16.

A Variety is here mentioned, with the quills and tail feathers

green j wing coverts violet j and the rump and vent blue>

29. ^ing Pigeon, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 635. N" z^.—ArS. Zool. ii. p. 329. E. Po Ar RING Columba palumbus, Sefp Fog. pi. in p. . Faun. Arag. p. 83.

T HAVE hitherto been uncertain whether the Ring Pigeon bred twice in the year, or not; but have now authority to fay, that

Tt frequently, if not generally, does fo. A letter from my friend

and relation Mr. L. Porter, of Chertfey, in Surrey, runs thus i

** The Ring Dove, no doubt, breeds twice in the year ; the neft

*^ being found, in the middle and end of Auguji, very commonly,

" in the heads o( willows, where they delight to build -, and, fonie

" years fince, I faw z female fhot as fhe kft the neft, the 22d of

*' September; when, getting up to the neft, which was placed on ** . a pollard mk, two eggs were found with young in them." This PIGEON. 199

This fpecies is very common in the Ruffian forefts, but very

fcarce in Sibiria, and none feen in the north-eaft : vifits Sweden in *. fummer, departing in autumn : not in Norway

Ring-tailed Pigeon, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 639. N° 33. 53- RING-TAIL P. Columba caribsea, Jacq. Fog. p. 30. N" 24.

T N this bird the bill is of a greenifh red : the fpace round the eyes Description.

bare, and of a dirty yellow: the tail cuneiform, and about the

length of the body. It differs from that defcribed by Bnjfoti, in

not having a white belly, nor the bar on the tail.

This is found in all the woods of the Caribbee IJlands ; is pretty Plack,

tame, but never fufficiently fo to be at large ; though it will lay

eggs when confined in a cage. It is greatly efteemed for food,

infomuch that each bird fells for a dollar.

Common Turtle, Gen. Sya. iv. p. 644. N0 40. 40. 4- Columba Turtur, Sepp Fog. pi. in p. i i.—Faun. Jrag. p. 83. COMMON TURTLE.

'T'HIS is extremely frequent in the fouth of Ruffia, and in the

rocky country beyond the Lake Baikal. It is highly favoured

in the Turkijb dominions, where it is extremely plentiful, government allowing a certain rate per cent, in refpedt to the duty on corn, on their account. A crowd of thefe birds conftantly alight on the veffels which crofs the port o{ Conftantinople, and carry this commodity uncovered, either to the magazine or millst and the boatmen never oppofe their greedinefs. This permiffion to feaft on the grain brings them in great numbers, and familiarizes then*

» Jra.ZooL t9 — ,

200 PIGEON.

to fuch a degree, that they are feen {landing on the fhoulders of

the rowers, watching for a vacant place where they might fill their crops in turn *,

I believe this to be fufficiently common in China, and various

parts of India, as I have met with drawings of both, it, and the Spotted-necked, from tlience feveraL times. In Sir Jojeph Banks's.

colleflion is one from the firfh-named, which feems a trifle larger than our Britijk fpecimens, and the colour much higher,, though, identically the fame in every other particular.

44, Barred-tail Pigeon, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 650. N*44.. BARRED-TAIL Columba Mata, Jacq. Fog. p. 32. pi. 15.

HIS is frequent at Malacca;, alio in great plenty in the ifland

of St. Helena. Jacquin likewife records it. among the birds, inhabiting the neighbourhood Ol Venetzuela, in South America.

^r. Blue-headed Turtle, G^n. Syn.lv. p. 651. ^045;

BLUE-HEADED Columba cyanoeephala, Jacq. Fog, p. 36. N° 30. t. ij-.

* I'HIS is v£ry common in the ifland oi Cuba, where it is caught in traps, and brought into the markets in quantities for eat-

ing. It may be kept tame, but will not propagate in that ftatej,

having, been tried in an aviary, without efFedt, for. fome time.

59. Ground Turtle, Getr. Syn. iv. p. 65^9. N° 59. Jrii. Zool, ii. N° 191s 4- T.. GROUND Columba pafferina, J^ry. Fog. p. 32, N''26.

'T'HIS fpecies is plentiful in all the Caribbee IJlands\ where it is

common at every table, being much efteemed. It frequents.

<* Mm. ofJhe Barou.de Tott.^ ftony.- PIGEON". 205

ftony places, under the bufhes. The French call it Ortolan-, the

EngHJJj, Ground Dove ; the Dutch, Steen Duifje ; and the Spaniards'^

Palomito. The voice is plaintive and weak, very like that of our Turtle. At Carthagena, on the South American continent, are fooie varieties bigger than others, having few brown fpots, and the

belly not fcalloped ; and others with the belly fcalloped in a dif-

ferent manner from the others. It will propagate in a ftate of domefticity, the circumftance having been tried at Vienna.

Columba corenfis, Jacq. Vog. p. jl. N» 25. ^o. x. GREY P^ CIZE of the Common Pigeon. The eyes are red, furrounded Description:.

with a naked flcin fpotted with black : general colour of the

body grey : the feathers on the lower part of the neck appear

changeable in different lights, as if fcalloped, though really not

of different colours : the tail even at the end.

Inhabits Coro, in the diflrift oi Venetxuela, in South America. Is Pcace, prized by the inhabitants for food, being eaten young.

60. ^, PURPLE- SHOULDERED CIZE of the Common Pigeon. Bill ftout, dufky ; edges pale :

head and neck olive yellow : between the neck and back afh- ' Description,T^ .

^colour : back and wing coverts olive ; the lefler coverts pale pur-

ple ; greater coverts and fecondaries flriped longitudinally with

black and white : the prime quills are black, but the outer edges

of the three firft are white : breaft and belly pale afh : lower part

of the tail olive green ; the end dufky ; legs pale orange yellow^ inhabits India. Lady Impey. — It feems much allied to the Placsv Pompadour Pigeon, N° 12.

Suppi. Dd LENGTH :

202 PIGEON. .

60. y, INDIAN P. T ENGTH eleven inches. Bill blueifli at the bafej towards Description, ^^ jjp •^\^^x.t : head afh-colour : neck pale yellowifli green j lower part of the neck all round, the middle of the wing near the

Jhoulder, and all the under parts, white : the whole of the outer edge of the wing, and the quills, black, with whitifli edges

body above, and tail, greenilh afli-colour ; end of the tail dufky

'legs blueilh ; claws black.

Place. Inhabits Ww. Mr. M'^i/^/««.— I obferve one of the above in the drawings of Mrs. Wheeler^ in which the legs were yellow.

Order [ 203 3

Order V. GALLINACEOUS.

Genus XLVIII. TURKEY.

Wild Turkey, Jra. Zool. ii. N" 178.—Fa»». Arag. p. 80. i. _ AMERICAN T. 'T'HESE are cultivated in Sweden, and even in Norway; but

they degenerate in fize. They are alfo common in all parts o^ Ruffia, but will not thrive in Sibiria *,

Horned Turkey, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 680. N" z. 2, HORNED T. T HAVE lately had an opportunity of feeing zmale of this beautiful fpecies in moft perfeft plumage, brought from India by Mrs. Wheeler. I cannot add any thing to the defcription before given of that fex, further than to obfervcj that the tail is rounded in fhape, and compofed of twenty feathers, which are blackifli at the ends.

In the Leverian Mufeum is a moft beautiful and perfect fpeci- Femalt. men of ihe. female. This fex is without the horns, fo confpicuous in the male. The feathers of the head and part of the neck are filky black, with a blue glofs, marked on the fides of the throat with an irregular patch of red : the feathers on the back part of the head and nape are crimfon ; and the whole top of the head furnifhed with long loofe feathers, tending backwards : the markings on the body much like thofe of the male, but fcarce fo bright: the back, and part of the wing coverts, befides the fpots of white, are in both moft beautifully intermixed with ftreaks of black and crimfon upon a fillemot ground : the rump and tail feathers fomewhac

* Jra. Zool. Dd 2 fimilar. S04 TURKEY.

Cmilar, the crimfon decreafing towards the tail, the ends of which

are dufky black : the legs are furnifhed wkh a blunt fpur behind.

Mrs. Wheeler informs me, that fhe has had both fexes alive in

her poffeflion ; and, had it not been for an accident on board the fliip, fhouid have brought the above-mentioned male to England. This bird, when alive, had the faculty of dilating and lengthening ' the flap on the throat, fo as almoft to hang over the breaft, much .in the fame manner as the Cock Turkey does the caruncles on the neck and flap of the forehead, at which time the colours were greatly heightened, appearing of a beautiful deep blue, barred acrofs with crimfon.

Thefe birds are by no means common, though not unfrequent in paintings done in India \ and are particularly v/ell figured in thofe of Mr. iVf/Wii/f/iJ?? and Lady /w^^-. Sir £/z;W;) informs me^ that it is known in India by two names, the one Singhee Moory^ or

1 Marbled Fowl; the other, Moory Mmmcsr ei^ or Bright Fowl.

Genus XLIX. PINTADO.

'• Guinea Pintado, Gen, Sni. iv. p. 6Si.-^Hafelg. Fey, Eng, ed. p. 202. N" 42. -GUINEA P R. Sparrman* informs us, that it is common in the neighbourhood of the Ca-pe of Good Hofe, having found them in

flocks in the road from Zee-cow River to Sunday River ; and that

they were very lliy. flying low and flrait forwards, like the Par- refted on trees of nights, in large compa- tridge -, and that they

nies, infcmuch that Dr. Sparrmsn once killed fi5s of them at one

ihot, befides feveral others wounded.

* I'ey. vo!. il. p. 19. ' Q Genus :

[ 20| ]

Genus L. C U R A S S O W.

N" 5. Cumana C. N» 7. Galeated C. 6. Piping C.

Crax cumanenfis, "Jacq^. Fog. N"> 19. p. 25. t. 10. CUMANA G.

01 ZE of a ^if« Turkey. Bill dufky : general colour of the plu- Description.

mage black : the feathers of the crown white and long, forming a creft, which hangs down behind : the breaft marked with fpots of white : legs red : claws black. Inhabits the neighbourhood of the river Oronooko, in South Place.

America ; particularly Cumana.

Crax pipile, Jacq. Fog. N" 20. p. 26. t. zi. 6^ PIPING C. bird, THIS in fize and general colour of the plumage, is not r> unlike the laft. The cere, orbits, and top of the head, are white, but the head not crefted : beneath the throat a wattle of a deep blue colour : the back is of a red brown, fpotted with black on the greater wing coverts a great mixture of white : the belly is black : the legs red.

This is found in the fame places as the laft, of which it may, PtAct» on our more familiar acquaintance, prove a variety or fexual difference. It has a low piping kind of voice.

Le 2o6 C U R A S S O W.

tete i. 7. Le Hocco a calleufe, Srif. Orn, 8vo. p. 87. GALEATED C. Description. CIZE almoft of ^'Turkey. General colour black, except the-

vent and under tail coverts, which are white : on the crown of

the head is a horny fubftance, about two inches in height, broad

at bottom ; ending at top in a blunt point, not unlike a helmet 1

the bill and legs are red. Place. Inhabits Curajfao.

b E N tr S I 207 ]

Genus LI. PHEASANT.

N" II. Impeyan Ph. N" 13. African Ph. 12. Coloured Ph.

Domeftic Cock, Gen. Syn, iv. p. 700. i • DOMESTIC C.

* I'HE changes in the plumage o^ hen birds has been mentioned

in the Synopjis ; but 1 find that the circumftance does not

happen merely in tho^efemales which have done laying or fitting. Mr. L. Porter informs me, that he once had a black Came Heny which one year grew fpotted, and the following year quite white.

Spurs were obferved to grow on her legs, and fhe crowed at intervals like a Cock. Notwithftanding this, fhe laid eggs and bred for fonie years after. As to age, the common poultry would, no doubt, if permitted, live a long while. A Hen was living, at a place called Highherries, in Cumberland^ in 1777, then thirty years old, full in feather, and very fat ; but had not laid any eggs for fix or feven years pad *. The Darking fowls are obferved to be much larger than thofe from other places in England, being frequently known to weigh. from feven to eight pounds when plucked, though they will now and then weigh much beyond this. A friend of mine fent a cargo of thefe fowls into Scotland^, one of the Cocks of which weighed ncitdy fourteen pounds.

• Mr. ^unjlall.

8 IHAVE 203 PHEASANT.

T HAVE fcarcea doubt but thefe birds will hereafter become Var. a. full as plentiful in this kingdom as the Common Pheajant. It RING PHEA- SANT.. is well known that feveral noblemen and gentlemen have turned out many pairs into their neighbouring woods, for the purpofe of

breeding. I have heard of feveral being met with at large by the

fportfmen in various parts of Kent ; two inftances of this having laft year come under my own infpeftion.

Lev. Muf. II. IMPEYAN PH. T ARGER than a 'Dunghill Fowl: length two ittt. Bill' Pl. CXIV. brown, two inches long, much curved, the upper mandible Description.

hanging confiderably over the under, which is hid thereby : round

the eye bare, and of a greenifli blue: on the head is an ereft crefl:,

confifting of feventeen or eighteen feathers of different llzes, the

longed three inches and a half in length ; they confift of little

more than fhafts, except at the end, where they are oval, with a

fpear-lbaped point : the feathers of the neck are long and loofe,

not unlike thofe of a Cotk -, thole of the head and throat are

green bronze ; of the m.iddle of the neck purple, with a copper

glofs, and the lower part of it a yellow copper bronze j all of them exceedingly brilliant, and changeable in different reflexions of

light : the back and wing coverts are rich purple, tipped with

green bronze : prime quills black : the under parts of the body, from chin to vent, are dull black, with here and there a greenifh

glofs : thighs the fame : the legs feathered below the knees : tail

brownifh cinnamon-colour,, with the end duflcy, and rounded in.

ihape; thiC feathers fourteen in number;, legs flout, rough, and

- fcaly 5, ?1CXI\'

PHEASANT. 209

fcaly ; the colour a dark brown : toes long ; between them, at the

bafe, a flight mennbrane : at the back part of the legs a thick,

fliorc fpur.

The female is fmaller than the male, and of a lefs elegant fliapej Female. the length twenty-one inches. The bill, and bare fpace round the

eye, as in the male : the general colour of the plumage brown j the middle of each feather paler, or bufF-coloured, mottled and barred with dark brown, appearing not greatly different from the

back of the Great Eared Owl : beneath the eye is a broad dufky

white band : the prime quills are black ; the fecond quills barred

black and ferruginous : the tail very fliort, hardly exceeding the

quills in length ; the colour of the feathers of it fimilar to the

back : the legs as in the male, but furnifhed with a blunt knob in place of the fpur. Thefe birds inhabit India, but in no great plenty, being Place andMan- ners. brought from the hills in the northern parts oi Hindcjlan, to Cal-

cutta, as curiofities. Lady Impey attempted, with great probabi-

lity of fuccefs, to bring over with her fome of them to Eng-

land i but, after living on board the fhip in health for two months, they caught a diforder from the reft of the poultry, fimilar to the fmall-pox, and died in confequence. The food given them, during the palTage, was rice in the hufk. Sir Elijah informs me, f\

that thefe birds are known in India by the name of Monaul, which ' ^ is foolifhly tranflated Mouth-Piece; that the male is called by fome the Golden Fowl. They bear cold, but are impatient of heat. The cock was never obferved to crow, but had a ftrong, hoarfe cackle, not unlike that of a Pheafant. Specimens of the male birds are now in the Leverian Mufeum.

SuppL. Ee SIZE 2IO P H E A S A N T.

12. COLOURED CIZE of a Fowl: length twenty-two inches. Bill greenifii PH. white, and pretty much hooked in fliape : fides of the head Descr-iptlon. naked, carunculated, and red, much in the fame manner as in the

Pencilled Pheafant : the feathers at the back part of the head much

elongated, forming a creft, which hangs down behind : the head^

throat, and hind part of the neck, are black ; the back, rump, and

wing coverts, the fame, flightly edged with white : prime quills

dufliy brown : tail rather large, even at the end, and black : the fore part of the neck, breail, and belly, covered with longilh fharp- pointed feathers, which are black in the middle, deeply edged on

the fides with white : thighs black : legs brown black j at the back

of each a fpur of a moderate length : claws curved and black. FtACE. Inhabits India, where it is called the Coloured Fowl.—From thft drawings of Lafly Im;^iy*.

Br. Muf.

AFRICAN PH. T ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill exaftly formed as in the-

Description. Crejled Pheafant *, being ftout, ftiort, and of a yellow colour ;:

the head' is likewife crefted, as in that bird; each feather which-

Gompofes it is brown in the middle, and white on the fides: the

top of the head is blackifh : back blueifh afh-colour, each fea-

ther dafhed with a blackifli ftripe down the Ihaft : chin and fore

part of the neck rufty brown : fides of the neck whitifh, a little-

mottled with dark brown : breaft and belly white, dalhed down

.=- the fhafts with black : wings blueifh afh, (hafts and tips blackifh

baftard wing black: the eight firft quills are white on the inner

* Sjn. vol. iv. p. 720. pi. Lxiv, webs PHEASANT. 211

webs halfway from the bafe ; the two next white next the bafe ; the reft of their length, and the whole of all the reft, lead-coloured brown : the tail is nine inches and thr°e quarters long, and rounded at the end j the two middle feathers brown, with the ends black ; the others wholly black : legs black.

This fpecimen is in good prcfervation in the Brifijh Mufeum, Placi. and was brought from Africa. It had but ten feathers in the tailj but, from the appearance of it when fpread out, itfeemed to have originally confifted of a greater number.

Eea Genus [ 212 ]

Genus LIII. G R O U S.

* WITH FOUR TOES.

N" 17, a. Rehufak Gr. N° 17. c. Helfingian Gr, 17. b. Rock Gr.

2- Sharp-tailed Grous, Aril. ZooL ii. N" 181. LONG-TAILED GR. 'T^HE tail in this bird confifts of eighteen feathers. I obferve

in fome birds the two middle ones of the tail are an inch and

a half, or more, longer than the reft, and in others fcarce exceeding half an inch; a diftinftion incident to fex or age. The fe-

male faid to differ from the male, in having lefs of the red naked fkin above the eyes.

Thefe birds keep in pairs, or fmall flocks, in the Juniper plains

the whole year, feeding on the buds and berries alternately :

moftly feen on the ground ; but, when difturbed, fly to the tops of the higheft trees. They lay on the ground, and make a loofe

neft of grafs, lined with feathers : the eggs white, marked with fpots, and are hatched the middle of June. Said to make a noife

with the feathers of the tail, like the cracking of a /<3«. The flefii

is of a light brown colour, plump, and very juicy *.

» Ara.ZtioL

Black G R O U S. ai3

Slack Grous, Gen. Syn, iv. p. 733. 3. BLACK Tetrao tetrix, Sepp Vog. pi. in p. 165. GROUS.

'I ^HIS bird, as I have been lately informed, becomes gradually

more fcarce all over the north of England^ as well as in Scot- land, owing tovarious caufesj viz. the great improvement made

in the art oiJhooting flying.^ introduced within thefe few years : the cuftom of inclofing many moors and commons, added to the mif-

chief done by burning the heath on the moors, in order to ferti-

lize them, and which it is difficult to prevent, being commonly

fet on fire in the night, and will often extend for feveral miles;

and, as it is chiefly done in the fpring, many nefts, with the old ones upon them, are deftroyed thereby. Perhaps the great faci- lity of conveying thefe birds to the metropolis, or the great trading towns, by means of the numberlefs wheel-carriages, may likewife contribute greatly to their fcarcity.

Thefe birds will live in menageries in a confined ftate, but have not been known to breed therein.

The flelh of feveral of the Grous kind is more or lefs inclined

to brown; notwithftanding, it iswell-tafted : but in this bird part

of the flefli of the breaft is white, and called, in the north, the • White Mufck, appearing as a fingular contraft to the furrounding

parts, which are deep coloured. This circumftance is not ob-

ferved in the Wood Grous, whofe breaft is equally dark-coloured

throughout ; nor in any other of this fpecies that we know of.

Neither this fpecies, nor the Ptarmigan, are at prefent in Ircr land, though the Red Grous is found in plenty among the mountains and bogs of that kingdom.

Spuriout —

214 G R O U S.

,^ Spurious Grous, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 734. JrB. Zool. ii. p. 3 14. JB. 1 Var. a. Tetrao hybridus, Sparrm, Muf. Carl/, pi, 15. SPURIOUS GR. ... ___„ , , . , ,. J , ,.,., %X/ E have been hitherto much in the dark concerning this bird.

Dr. Sparrman, to our prefent obfcure knowledge of it, adds

the following obfervations :—That it is of the fize of the female Great or Wood Grous, and fuppofed to have been produced

from that bird and the male Black Grous : that it varies greatly in

- colour, fcarce two being found exaftly correfponding ; and that

it is a remarkably ftupid bird. Its note refembles mofl: that of

the Wood Grous, but louder, harlher, and every way more dif- agreeable. This gentleman likewife remarks, that the birds hitherto met with, whether affociating with the male birds or females,

are ever of the male/ex. This fpecies is not uncommon in the woods of Sweden and Finland, Mr. Tunfiall informs me, that he was told by fome old ScoUb gentlemen, that both the Wood Grous, as well as the Spurious Grous, were extant in Scotland within their memory.

6, Spotted Grous, Gen. Syn. v, p. 735. N" 6. SPOTTED OR. Description. "^Jl ^' Hutchins has lately added to my colleftion a mod beautiful variety of this oird. Length fixteen inches. General colour of the plumage ferruginous cream-colour, marbled and ftriated

acrofs with brown and yellow clay-colour : fore part of the neck

and bread mod inclined to yellow : under parts of the body

white, marked with broken bars of cinereous brown : quills plain

brownifti cream-colour : tail yellowilh brown, prettily mottled

with darker -, the tips of all the feathers ferruginous, but pale. Ruffed —

G R O U S. 415

Ruffed Grous, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 738. N" 8. Jrll. Zool. li. N« 179. 8.

Shoulder-knot Grous, Gen. Syn.iv. p. 737. N« 7. RUFFED OR.

"ViyE beg leave here to retraft our opinion of the Ruffed and Shoulder-knot Grous being of different fpecies. Mr. Pen- nant\ obfervations on this head have their due weight with us, and are fupported by our having lately received fpecimens of both of them by the affiftance of Mr. Hutchins.

We have been infornned, that both fexes vary much at different ftages of life. The ground-colour of the plumage is not unlike in both fexes ; but the tail in both is exaftly fimilar. The male only has the ruff ^nd creft, which the female has- no traces of j in return, the female only has the black at the bafe of the wing or fhoulder^

Namaqua Grous, Gen.Syn, iv. p. 750. N*'i5. NAMAQUA>5- T^R. Sparrman* mentions his having met with two fpecies of OR. Tetrao, near the Hottentots' Holland's warm bath, both of the fize of our Partridge \ one of them called a Partridge, the other a Pheajant. He obfervcs, that they live in flocks, and are not- difEcult to come at, efpecially of mornings and evenings, at which time they difcover their abode by a Ihrill kurring noife. One of ihefe fpecies is moft probably the Namaqua Grous ; the other, for, want of defcription, cannot be determined,

• Foj. i. p. 153, .

Red ?i6 G R O U S.

13- Red Grous, Gett. Syn. iv. RED GROUS, p. 746. JAM informed, that the neareft approach of this fpecies to-

wards thejouth, in this kingdom, is Staffordjhire* ; but it has

every where diminiflied in quantity, from the fame caufes as the

Black Grous. It is not fo commonly eaten in London as the laft-

mentioned, as the flefli much fooner corrupts. The ufual weight

of a male is eighteen or nineteen ounces ; but one has been killed, near Richmond in Torkjhire, which weighed twenty-five*. This

fpecies has been known to breed in the menagerie of that noble and intelligent naturalift and colleftor the late Dutchefs Doivager of Portland. It was obferved to me, that (he efFefted this, in fome meafure, by caufing frefh pots oi ling or heath to be placed in the menagerie almoft every day.

Rehufac Grous, ArB. Zod. ii, 17. a. p. 316. E. REHUSAK GR.

Description. C I Z E of a fmall Hen. Neck ruft-coloured, fpotted with black :

back and tail coverts black, varied with rufty ftreaks : breaft

divided from the lower part of the neck by a dark fliade ; the reft of the breaft and vent white.

Female. The Hen is fpotted with yellow : primaries white : tail black,

end whitifh : thighs white, marked with fome rufty fpots : legs feathered down to the toes, which are covered with large brown

fcales. Place andMan- Inhabits the woods and alps 0^ Lapland; lays thirteen or four- NEKS. teen reddifh eggs, marked with long brown fpots : when difturb-

• Mr. Tutifiall. 3 ed. G R O U S. 317 ed, flies away with a loud noife, like a coarfe laugh. The Keren, or common Ptarmigan, on the contrary, is filent, and inhabits the Alps only.

Rock Grous, ArU. Zool. ii. N" 1 84. 17. b. ROCK GROUS. A T HudfotCs Bay a White Grous, feemingly of a different fpecies Description.

from the common, is obferved. In fize it is lefs by one third. It is exadlly like the other in colour, excepting that it has a black line from the bill to the eye.

The manners differ fomewhat, as it inhabits rocky places or_;a- niper plains, at all feafons. It frequently ftretches the neck out, and makes a croaking kind of noife. They are very numerous at the two extremes of the Bay, but never vifit the middle fettle- ment, except in very fevere weather. This is called by the natives Ufcathachijh, by the Englijh, Rock-Partridge; whereas the other is diftinguilhed by the name of Wapatheu.

Sparr, Carlf. 16. Tetrao canus, Muf. N° j_ ^^ helsi'ngian

T ENGTH fifteen inches. Bill black : the whole plumage of GROUS. a hoary white, obfcurely undulated with brown, the ends of DEscRIPTIo^f. the feathers being of that colour : wing coverts brownifh, marked

•with a whitifh fpot at the ends : vent white : the tail clouded above with hoary, white, and brown : legs black. A fpecimen of the above bird was fent to the author from the Place." province of Helfingia, in Sweden ; and is faid to be pretty frequent

in a particular fpot. From the colour of the tail, it cannot be a

variety of the Ptarmigan in any ftage ; nor does the author think SuppL. F f it 2i8 G R O U S,

it related to the Hafd Grous, though fomewhat fimilar : it h therefore moft probably a diftinft fpecies.

I find a Grous with feathered legs (the colour brown, variegated with black) in the manufcript of Mr. Anderfon, mentioned

as a native of 'Terra del Fuego , likewife another with naked legs,

of the fame colours, met with in New Caledonia : but the fize of

neither is mentioned.

GsN vg :

E 2t9 3

Genus LIV. PARTRIDGE.

*WITH FOUR TOES.

N" 36. a. Chittygong P. N' 36,. c. Hudfonian Quail, 36. b. Aragonian P.

Pintado Partridge, Ge>i. Sj/i. iv, p. 761. N" 7. 7, Var. Ao

T ENGTH eleven inches, Irides brown : the head, nape, and piNTADO P.

halfway down the back of the neck, rufous j the feathers Description, daflied down the fliafts with duflcy : fides of the head and chin plain rufous : the lower part of the neck, all round the breaft, and all beneath, brownifh black; each feather marked with three fpots of white on each web : lower part of the back and rump brown, crofled with numerous lines of white over the thighs ; and the middle of the belly the fame, but the lines broader : wing coverts brownifh black, fpotted as the under parts ; but the fpots arc rufous inftead of white : tail fhort, dufky blackifh brown ; the two middle feathers crofled with pale rufous lines near the bafe legs red.

I met with a fpeclmen, anfwering to the above defcription, at Place» Sir Jo/eph Banks's, who informed me, that he received it from

Bombay. It appears a variety or fexual difference of the Pintado Partridge.

F f 2 Guernfey 220 PARTRIDGE,

' 12.. Guernfey Partridge, G^«. 5y». iv. p. 768, Var. A.

"•-GUERNSEY P. pROM this fpecies being now and then met with at large in-

this kingdom, one might be induced to think that it may be by degrees naturalized thereto. Several gentlemen, and efpccially the late Duke oi Northumberland, have turned out many brace for

thepurpofe. It has alfo been mentioned, that fo far back as the time of Charles the Second, feveral pairs were turned out abouc

Wind/or, for the purpofe of increafing; but it is fuppofed that

they at laft periflied, though fome of them, or their defcendants, were feen a few years afterwards. Indeed they feem to thrive fuf-

ficiently well in a confined Hate, as I myfelf have known them to

do J but have been informed, that, on their being put out after-

wards to fliifc for themfelves, they died foon after, as was the cafe

•with fome in the pofleffion of Mr. Tunjlall. Is not then this climate of too moift or too chilly a nature for this bird, or perhaps

both ? I have once tailed their flefh, and thought it very delicate, as do the inhabitants of every place to which they are indi- genous, efpecially in France, where they are made into pies, and

- efteemed greatly. A bird fimilar to the above, or rather the Greek Partridge, in-

habits India, but feems fomewhat larger, being fourteen inches inr

length. I learn this from various drawings, efpecially thofe of Lady Impey and Mr. Middleton. This laft-named gentleman in-

forms me, that it is far from uncommon, and often kept tame. It

is known in India by the name of Cheucquoir : is called by the

Englijh, Firelock, as it will peck at fparks o^ fire on the ground. Mr, Boys, of Sandwich, lately informed me, that fome Partridges were PARTRIDGE. afitr were received not long fince from Bojion, in New England, by a perfon, who turned them into the fields at large ; and that they moft certainly have bred, as a covey of them was afterwards feen. The fpecies he could not afcertain from his own knowledge, not having'o itsn. therru

Pondicherry Partridge, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 774. N" 17. \y. PONDICHER. RY P. ENGTH ten inches. Bill black : the chin, round the eye, L DESCKIFTIOIfo. and beneath it, yellow ; the reft of the head, neck, and breaft, pale brownifh white, marked with large roundilh black fpots : a bar, compofed of narrow lines of black and white, divides the middle of the breaft, beneath which it is white : the belly is brown-, marked with ftiort tranfverfe bars of black : back whitifti brown, crofled with narrow tranfverfe dafties of black, pointed at each end : the prime quills are black at the tips : tail reddifti clay-coloured brown, crofled with nine or ten oblique bars of black j tips of the feathers white : legs very pale before, the hind part and toes black : hind claw very fmall : legs not furniflicd with fpurs.

Inhabits India, where it is called Ghoori tetur, or Rock-Pigeon. Place and Majh. ner*. It is met with for the moft part in pairs, feldom in covies; nor indeed is it very common. It is ftiy, flies high, and is not eafily fliot. It is called by fome a Partridge, but its cry is very unlike that bird *. From the great fimilarity in markings to the Pon- dicherry Partridge, and its not having a fpur, I apprehend it to ber t)xt female of that fpecies.

• Mr, MiMeton.

Commooi —

aaa- PARTRIDGE,

24. Common Quail, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 779. N" 24. 4- COMMON QUAIL. Tetrao coturnix, Sepp Fog. pi. in p. 143 Faun, Arag. p. S^.^Hafel^. Fo)\, £»g, ed. p. 203. N° Var.B. 44. LcHj. Muf.

Description, TN the Leverian Mufeum is a variety. The crown of the head

brown : over the eyes, and round them to the hind head, white,

dotted with black : the reft of the neck pale rufous yellow, daftied

with white down the fhafts : the lower part of the neck, all round the back, between the wings, the breaft, belly, and outer edge of

the wing, white : wing coverts and fcapulars yellow brown, barred with dark brown, and each feather dallied with yellow down the

fliaft : quills yellow brown : tail mottled brown, towards the end chefnut, the tips very pale and mottled, the two outer feathers

white : legs yellow.

36. a. CHITTY- GONG P. CIZE of a Pheafant: length feventeen inches. Bill pale alh-

Description. colour : a broad oval fpace round the eyes, naked, and of a

pink-colour, beginning at the noftrils, and ending in a point be«

hind ; noftrils placed in a kind of cere : the head and neck white,

marked with black lines : on the ear a brown patch : back and wings moft beautifully marked with bars and lines of black and

pale brown, and edged and tipped with white : breaft black,

marked with femilunar lines of white : belly pale reddifti brown, edged with white, and marked irregularly in the middle with

dulky : tail mottled white and pale brown, crofled with bars

or zigzag lines of black and white : legs the colour of the bill,

and not furnilhed with a fpur behind,

I This PARTRIDGE. ?2j

This bird inhabits Indiay and is there, by the lefs informed. Tap- Psacb. pofed to be the female of the Impeyan Pheafant, but falfely, as it comes from a different part of the country. It is common in the lower parts o^ Bengal, and in the province of C/&///>^(7»^.—Mr. Middletm. I likewife find the fame among the drawings of Lady

Impey. It is a moft beautiful bird, and, if one might hazard a fuppofition, may poffibly hereafter prove to be the female of the

Ceylon Partridge*j the true fize of which has not hitherto been determined.

Tetrao pedibus antice hirfutis, &c. Faun. Arag. p. 8i. N^j. pi. 7. f. z, 56. b, ARAGONIANP. OlZE bigger than the Common Partridge. Bill black: head Description,

afh-colour : throat black: round the neck ferruginous : bread: rufous, croffed with a band of black : back variegated brown and

: belly, ferruginous thighs, and quills, black; wing coverts fer- , ruginous j beneath them white : tail cuneiform, cinereous brown j the outer feathers tipped with white : vent white, fpotted with ferruginous : legs afh-coloured, hairy on the fore part, and furnifhed with a fpur behind.

Tht female differs in having a grey breaft, and the band thereon narrower than in the male. The above inhabits the neighbourhood o( Saragofa, in Arago- Plass> nia, and makes a nefl on the ground, laying four or five teftaceous- coloured eggs, fpotted with brown j and is known by the name of Churra, " • S>». vol. iv. p. 758,

Lsv, £24 ' PARTRIDGE,

36. c. Lev. Muf. +. HUDSONIAN QUAIL. 'TpHIS is the fmallefl: of its race, meafuring in length only five Description.. inches. The bill dulky brown : general colour of the plumage a pale brownifli cream-colourj marked at the back part of

the neck and over the thighs with irregular fpots of white : the

wings, back, and tail, crofled fparingly with lines of white,

bounded on their lower part with black : the under parts of the body are paler than the upper, and unfpotted: legs dufky brown.

Plaoe, I received a fpecimen of this from HudJorCs Bay ; from which place, I am informed, that in the Leverian Mufeum alfo came.

Genus C "5 1

Genus LV. TRUMPETER.

a. Undulated Tr.

Pfophia undulata, Jaca. Vog. p. 24. N* 18. t. g. 2- ^ .y ? * i- -f y UNDULATED TR SIZE of a G(?(7/?. The bill dufky blue : general colour of the plumage on the head, and the upper parts of the body, fomewhat like that of the Buftard, being of a pale reddifh brown, beautifully undulated with black : the feathers at the back part of the head long, forming a dependent creft : beneath the ears begins a lift of black, which pafles down on each fide of the neck, widen- ing as it defcends, and meeting on the lower part before, where the feathers become greatly elongated, and hang loofely, fomewhat fimilar to the breaft feathers of the Demoi/elle j excepting this, all the under parts are white: the legs in colour not unlike that of the bill. This fpecies inhabits Africa. The fpecimen from which the Place, above account was drawn up was brought from Tripoli.

SuPPif. G g G £ K V s f 226 3

Genus LVI. BUSTARD.

10. Paflarage B»

Little Ballard, Gm. Syn, iv. p. 79^9, N'2. LITTLE B, Otis tctrax, /«««. ^rag-. p. 79.

'X'HIS fpecles is faid to be not uncommon in Spain as well as

France, and the flefh is by fome thought to tafte moft like that of an Hare. Mr. lunfiall has one of thefe in his mufeum,

•which was fliot in Suffex, which, he informs me, proved zmale on dilTeftion, although the black on the neck, the charaderiftic of

that fex, was wholly wanting, and fuppofed, before it was opened,

to have been z female. This is very frequent in the fouthern and

fouth-wefl: plains of RuJJia, and in fmall flocks when it migrates.

It continues a good way into the deferts of Tartary, but is never feen in Sibiria *.

Arabian Buftard, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 801. N" 3. B. ARABIAN Le Paon fauvage de I'lfle de Lu9on, Son. Voy. p. 85. t. 49.

Description. T ENGTH three feet. The bill long, pointed, ftralt, and a

little enlarged at the end j colour dufky black : the head,, neck, and breaft, are light grey, marked with femicircular

lines of black : on the head is a long tuft of feathers ending in a

point, which the bird carries horizontally ; the fuperior feathers

BUSTARD. 427

of this creft are black ; thofe below grey, banded with black

back, wings, and tail, brown : baftard wing white, margined with

grey : belly white : toes three in number, all placed forwards,

and united to the firft joint. This bird inhabits all the Philippine IJlands and the Cape of Place.

Good Hofe. It is called Peacock by the natives, but on what account is very uncertain ; or whether its a6bions or attitudes correfpond with thofe of that bird. The above is Sonnerat\ defcription, by which it feeons to me clearly to be the Arabian Bujiard, and not a diftinft fpecies.

White-eared Buftard, Gex. Syn, iv. p. 802. N° 4. ' «, WHITE-EARED * 'HIS bird (the Knorrbane) has the art of concealing itfelf per- ^° I

fcdlly till one comes pretty near it j when on a fudden it foars

aloft and almoft perpendicular into the air, with a fharp, hafty,

quavering fcream of hrrb, korrh, which is an alarm to the ani- mals throughout the whole neighbourhood *. Our laft voyagers met with a Bujiard on the coaft o( New Hol- land, in Buftard Bay, which weighed fixteen pounds j but we have

no other account of it, than its having a black band acrofs the breaft. We can likewife add, on the authority of the late Cap- tain King, that he met with great flocks of a large kind of Buftard on the plains near Norton Sound, north latitude 647. No defcription whatever could be obtained of the fpecies, as they were very

(hy, ran very faft, and for a confiderable time before they took

wing, fo that he could never get one fliot at them f.

• &farrm, Vcj, i. p. 153, { JrM, Zoo/,

Gg 2 Indiaa aal BUSTARD.

5- Indian Budard, Gen, Sjii, iv. p. S04. N° 5. INDIAN B.

Description. 'T^HIS bird, which is called in India, Churge, weighs from twelve to fourteen pounds. The male has the head, neck, bread, and under parts, black, but the latter incline to a(h-colour: the back

beautifully mottled with reddifh brown and black, as in our Buf-

iard : wing coverts white: quills black: bill and legs pale afh- colour.

Female. The female is very like our female Buftard. The general colour pale afh, clouded and undulated with darker and blackilht head, neck, and belly, plain. Place. Thefe are found in plenty in various parts of India, where they

are eaten, and much efleemed *. I ftill retain an idea of the probability of this and my White-eared Buftard being the fame,

as they differ very little, except in the white patch on the ear^ one from the other.

10. PASSARAGE B. CIZE of ths Li i lie Buftard: length eighteen inches. Bill long Description. and {lender, brown and white : the head, neck, breaft, and

belly, black : on the ears a large white patch : junftion of the

neck and back white : the whole back, wings, and tail, black,,

with a net-work of the fineft lines of black and brown furround-

ing the meflies of black : the greater wing coverts are white : ort

the hind head are four pairs of capillary feathers ; each pair of dif-

ferent lengths, and dilating at their ends into a lance-lhaped tuft j.

the longed four inches, the Ihorted fcarce rifing in fight : the legi

are drong, and of a pale yellow : toes divided to their origin.

* Mr. MMlettn, Inhabits> BUSTARD. 22^

Inhabits India. Called Pajfarage Plover*. The fimilarity Plage, ^of markings in this and nny White- eared Buftard zrt worth obferva-

tioDj as one drawing might almoft ferve to reprefenc both birds j

but the laft defcribed, being much fmaller in lizej with the addition of the long capillary feathers on the ears, feem to

determine its being a different fpecies.

In the poirefllon of Mrs. Wheeler I find a fpecimen of a bird,

which I fuppofe to be the female of the above. It is nineteen inches or more in length, and the plumage not unlike that of the

Little Bujlardi but lefs delicate in its markings. I find that it is known in India by the name of Oorail; by fome of the EngliJB

called Flercher. It is much efteemed, confequently greatly

fought after ; but though it is not uncommon, very few are taken,

as it is a very fliy bird. The flefli of the breaft is part white, part

brown, and is accounted a great delicacy.

* Lady Impey,

Or DiR [ 230 3

'RDER VL S T R U T H I O U S,

Genus LVIII. OSTRICH.

|R. Sparrman* is of opinion that the male and female Oftrich [yi on the eggs by turns, as in one of his journies, in the month of Decemherj he frightened a male from the neft, which was made only on the bare fand, on which the eggs lay fcattered and loofe v they were in number eleven. In another neft fifteen were found ; and he reafonably concludes, that from fixteen to twenty is the common number. The ufual weight of the ihell is eleven ounces j the depth fix inches and a half; and contains five pints and a quarter of liquid ; and that the weight of a frefh egg does not greatly exceed this. The Hottentots eat the flefh of the birds, and the colonifts at the Cape ufe the eggs in pancakes. The tame OJlriches at the Cape have ftrength fufficient to run along with any one on their back, without feeming to be impeded by his weight. In the tame ftate, they are apt to be mifchievous, and will frequently kill the poultry by trampling them under their feet ; and he mentions an inftance of one that was obliged to be killed, having trampled fheep to death in the fame manner.

» Sparrm. Voy, 5. p. izi, izz.

Div. E 231 I

Div.II. WATER-BIRDS.

Order VII. With Cloven Feet.

Genus LXII. J A B I R U»

N° 2. Indian J. 2. INDIAN C I Z E large. Bill dufky, almoft ftrait above j near the forehead J-.

gibbous ; the under mandible fwelled beneath : from the bafe Descriptios* of the bill, pafling through and beyond the eye, a black ftreak : general colour of the plumage white : lower half of the back, prime quills, and tail, black : legs pale red. Inhabits the Eaji Indies, and feeds on fnails^—Lady Impe^, PiAca.

GlNUS :

I 23^. 1

Genus LXV. HERON.

N" 80. African H. N" 82. Yellow-necked H. 81. Lohaujung H.

Indian Crane, Gen, Sjn. v. p. 38. N» 4. INDIAN CR. HIS bird is very common in great flocks north of Cal' cutta.

Gigantic Crane, Gen. Syn. v. p. 45. N" 8. GIGANTIC CR. three or four times met with this bird in paintings Pl.CXV. T HAVE

done in the country which it inhabits ; but the moft faithful dcscription. reprefentation will be found in the drawings of Lady Impey, under

whofe infpeftion it was done from the life in India. The fize is

allowed to be from five to feven feet in length, and, when Hand-

ing ereft, it is five feet high. The bill of a vafl fize, fharp-

pointed, compreffed on the fides, of a yellowifh white colour, and

opens very far back into the head ; the noftrils, a flit placed high

up near the bafe : the whole head and neck are naked i the front

is yellow j the fore part of the neck the fame, but more duUj the hind part of the head and neck red, with here and there a warty excrefcence, mixed with a few ftraggling hairs curled at the ends the craw hangs down on the fore part of the neck, like a pouch,

and twines round the back part ; the lower part of it furniflied

with hairs, like the reft of the neck, but at the bottom are in

greater number, and of a triangular form : the upper part of the

back and ftioulders are furrounded with white downy feathers ; the back fi.cr^

,.:/cêî/YC (yrÔ-'/ie

HERON. 233

back itfelf and wing coverts deep blueifh afli-colour : fecond quills dufky brown: prime quills and tail deep blackifli lead- colour; the laft fcarcely exceeds the quills in length; the feathers of it are ten inches long, and twelve in number : the feathers of the fides beneath the wings, and thofe of the vent and under tail coverts, are long and downy, fome of them meafuring near a foot, and of a dufky white colour, as are all the under parts of the body : the legs are long and black, naked far above the knees, and very fcaly : the toes are webbed at the bafe : the claws blunt.

This fingular fpecies is not unfrequent at Bengal, where it ar- Place andMan- rives before the rainy feafon comes on, and is called Argala, or

Adjutant *. It has alfo, from its immenfe gape, gained the name o^ Large Throat ; and, from its fwallowing bones, the Bone-eater, or Bone-taker. It is allowed on all hands to be a moft neceflary animal, as it picks up vermin from every quarter ; fuch zs/nakes, lizards, frogs, and other noxious reptiles; and, its fize requiring a vaft fupply, proves the moft ufeful inhabitant, which the natives o( Jfrica and other places acknowledge by their holding it in great eftimation.

I find that the downy feathers above mentioned have been made ufe of, in the manner of thofe of the OJirich, in the head-drefs of the ladies, to which purpofe they feem well appropriated, being of the moft delicate texture, and floating with every breath of windf;

* I have been told, that the bird has obtained this laft name from its appearing, when looked on in front at a diftance, like a man having a white waiftcoat and breeches. good idea of their exceffive lightnefs, from my having f ^ A may be formed weighed one of them, which was eleven inches and three quarters in length, and feven in breadth, and balanced only eight grains. but 434 HERON.

but their prefent fcarcity in England has hitherto prevented their

appearing in common. In the Britijh Mufeum is a complete tail,

with the under tail coverts annexed, in good prefervation.

White Stork, Gen. Syn. v. p, 47. N" g. 4- WHITE STORK. 'T'WO inftances have been mentioned, in our former volumes, of this bird having been met with in England: in addition^ to which, Mr. Boys informs me, that one has been picked up dead,

but frefli, on the fhore o( Sandwich Bay. Another was alfo Ihot,

in the winter of 1785, at Southfleett in Kent*, but perilhed before

I had notice of it.

»3- Night Heron, Gen. Syn. v. p. 52. N*" 13.

. NIGHT HE= Ardea Fog. pi. in RONo hydlieorax, Sefp p. 151.

T^HE nefl: in Sepp\ plate is made, in an artlefs manner, of drjr

fticks ; and the eggs are of a pale blue.

Bittern, Gen. Syn. v. p. 56. N" 17.

BITTERN, Ardea ftellaris, Sejiji Vog. pi. in p. 74.

T Believe that this bird may be met with in the marlhes about ua-

at all feafons, yet is obferved to be mod frequent in winter.

Mr. jBojj informs me, that it is never feen about Sandwich, except

in very cold weather •, and that in particular, in the fevere feafon- \njanuary 1784, great numbers were fhot thereabouts. The Bittern with us feems to be rifing into efteem for the ufe of

Communicated by Mr. Macrefh. the HERON. 235 >

the table, being, as well as the Heron, ken expofed for fale in the

London nnarkets ; but the palates of our fifter kingdom feem to

relifh it greatly, as I have been informed, that fometimes half a

guinea is given for one in Dublin *. This fpecies is found on the

<:ontinent, in various parts of RuJJia, and in jijia ; in Sibiria, as far north as the river Lena, and is continued confiderably to the north f. We have reafon to think, that it is likewife an inhabitant of moft of the milder parts of the old continent ; and not improbably met with alfo in fome part of India and China, as we have feen it reprcfented in paintings from thofe parts, though not fo commonly as the Heron ; which laft, we are informed, is very frequent at Bengal, where it is called AunjunX"

Bittern, Little Gen. Syn. v. p. 6;. N" 27. , ^ „. Ardeola, Sepp Vog. pi. in p. 57. LITTLE BIT- TERN.

T N Se^f the neft is placed on the ground, and compofed of fliort bits of fticks, with here and there a flag leaf interfperfed. The eggs four in number j the fize of thofe of a Blackbird^ $nd white.

Cinnamon Heron, Ctii. Syn, v. p. 77. N" 43* 43; CINNAMON H, T>Y fome fine Chinefe drawings which came under my infpeftion,

I find the tail to be of a bright ferruginous chefnut, rather deeper than the colour of the back. It alfo inhabits India^

* Mr, Jack/on. \ Ara. Zool. % Mr, Middhttn.

Hh t ' Snowy ajS HERON.

6r. Snowy Heron, Gen.Syn. v. p. 92. N'>6i,

SNOWY H. Ardea nivea, &c. Jacq. Vog. p. 18. N° 13.

Description. T^HIS is one third lefs than the Bittern. The bill black;

irides yellow: the whole plumage as white z.% Jnow: the hind head, back part of the neck, fides of the breaft, and the back, covered with long narrow hair-like feathers, flowing very

beautifully with every puff of wind j but thofe of the hind head

longer than the reft, forming a penfile creft : the legs are black : the toes yellow. \CE. This bird inhabits the parts near Carthagena, in South America j

called, by the Spaniards, Garfa blanca. The voice is loud and dif-

agreeable. Is fometimes eaten by the Indians. This is, no

doubt, the fame bird with my Snowy Heron, which I alfo find is not uncommon in India *, as well as other parts of the old continent before defcribed.

I find alfo, in the drawings of Mr. Middleton, a fmaller HeTon,

wholly white; the length fixteeii inches: bill three, pretty ftout,

and yellow : irides orange : legs black. This is faid to inhabit

Bengal, where it is called Caboga. It feems. to be greatly allied

to the Little White Heron, but I will not determine it to be the

fame fpecies.

Violet Heron, G?». 5j«. V. p. 97. N" 69. ET )N. npHIS bird is faid to be very common in the Eaji Indies, In fome drawings from thence, the bill was black, tinged with

» Lady Impej, red HERON. «37

red on the fides : the crown of the head, the whole body, and tail,

black: the neck, vent, and under tail coverts, of a pure white: legs dirty yellow; in feme fpecimens red.

This bird is called, at Bengal, Monickjore ; at HtnAoftan, Lug-

liig. It is reckoned pretty good eating, and ufed for fport in fal-

conry, in the manner that the Heron formerly was in this kingdom *.

Coromandel Heron, Gen. Syn. v. p. 102. N" 78. 78. COROMAN- T Obferve this bird among the drawings both of Lady hnpey and DEL H.

Mr. Middleton. In addition to the defcription of the bill in the

Syncp/is, I obferve that the ends of the two mandibles much refemble a pair of pincers, being broad at that part, and not pointed, as in the Pondicherry Heron. In this circumftance, fo greatly different from all others of the genus, as to juftify the nice ornithologift in forming a new one.

I find it to be common on the Ganges, but more fo on the

Guinpta ; and that it is known by the name oiGounghill.

Le'v. Muf. go. AFRICAN H. C IZE fmaller than our Common Heron: length nearly three feet. Descriptiok. Bill feven inches long, of a duflcy yellow; the end black or dufky : the head and greater part of the neck are of a pale ferruginous colour : chin and throat white : the top of the head black, and the feathers elongated into a creft almoft three inches in length : on the back part of the neck is a lift or ftripe

Mr. MiMeton. of 238. HERON.

ofblackj reaching tv/o thirds of the way down ; on each fide, beginning behind the eye, another, continuing on each fide to the

bread : the feathers of the lower part of the neck before are long,

narrow, and loofe, as is moft of the Heron tribe ; the colour

of them, and the lower part of the neck, a deep afh : the breaft

ferruginous chefnut : back very deep aih-colour : quills and tail black: the loofe feathers on the runnp nnuch like thofe on the

fore part of the neck, with a mixture of ferruginous : the belly

pale ferruginous afh-colour : legs dull yellow ; the fore part of

them, the toes, and claws, black.

Place. This fpecies inhabits Africa, from whence a fpecimen has been received into the Leverian Mufeum. A fecond fpecimen is likewife in the fame colledion, which was fhot in AJhdown Park, near Lambourn^ Berks, belonging to Lord Craven.

8i. LOHAUJUNG OlZElargei length three feet. Bill nine inches long, black, * _ ftrait, pointed j lower mandible fomewhat convex j noftrils a

flit near the bafe : the fore part of the head, as far as the throat,

and fides, of a rich green : crown of the head, and neck, deep

brown, marked with a few great green fpots : upper part of the

back brown i the lower like the neck: wing coverts white;

ridge and lower parts pale brown : fecondaries fine deep green :

breaft, belly, and primaries, white : tail black : legs long, fcaly,

reddifti : toes webbed at the bafe : claws Ihort.

Place. Inhabits India, where it is not uncommon, and called Lohau- jung. Defcribed from Lady Impefs drawings.—Among thefc 1 alfo obferve another, which difFers in having the beginning of the back mottled brown and white, and the white on other parts not HERON. 239

not pure. I have likewife feen this bird in other drawings, in which the whole of the upper part of the back, and the under parts, were of a pure white. I apprehend that thefe diftindions mark the fex of the bird.

YELLOW- C I Z E of the Blue Gaulding : length two feet. Bill three inches NECKED H.

and a half long, duiky brown : at the back part of the neck Discriptiok.

hangs a long black creft : fides of the neck pale yellow -, the fore

part of it bright bay, edged with white and black : back, wings, belly, tail, and legs, black.

Inhabits India. Met with in plenty in the province of Oude, Place, and in other parts, in low watery places ; but is not accounted good food *.

* Mr, MiMetox.

Genus ::

- [ 240 ]

Genus LXVI. IBIS.

N° 20. Black-headed I. N" 21. Coco I.

IP. White-headed Ibisj Gi??;, ^'K. V. p. 1 16. N" 15. WHITE-HEAD- ED I. CIZE of a Heron, if not bigger. Bill long, very flout at the Description. hdSc, and not greatly curved ; in length one foot or more :

the fore part of the head and cheeks bare and yellow, as is the

bill itfelf: general colour of the plumage greyifh white: wing

coverts black, margined with white : outer edge of the wing, the

quills, and tail, black : rump and tail coverts as long as the tail,

and of a pink colour, concealing the tail, and hanging over it legs long, of a pale pink or flefh-colour. In one of thefe birds the wing coverts have a mixture of brown,

and a bar of brown acrofs the bread, which I am informed is a diftinclion of fex.

Place. This inhabits India ; is very common on the Ganges, and called JaunghilL The pink feathers of the rurnp are ufed not unfre-

quently, like thofe of the OJlrich, as ornaments by the ladies*.

20. BLACK-HEAD- C I Z E of a C«r/^ai' ; length twenty-one inches. Irides brown : EDI. bill fix inches long, very flrout, much curved, and black: fpace Description, between the bill and eye, and round the laft, bare and black

head black : nape and hind part of the neck marked with fmall

* Lady Impey, fpots :

IBIS. 241

fpots of the fame : the reft of the plumage white : legs black

between the toes a membrane : hind claw long. Inhabits i»i/^. CMcd Buiiore*^ Place.

21. Tantalus Coco, 7acg. Foe. N" 18. p. 24. ' -^ ^ ^ ^ + COCO IBIS,

CIZE of the White Ibis. Bill fix inches long, and flefh-colour: Description,

the bare fpace on each fide of the head the fame : general colour of the plumage a greyifh white ; the three outer quills black at the tips : legs flefii-colour.

Inhabits the Caribbee IJlands, and is called by the natives Tef- Place and Man- cheur, as it feeds on fijh in the wild ftate. It is now and then kept tame, and will then e.a.tflejh, both raw and boiled. Its note imitates the word Ko., which the bird frequently repeats ; hence

the name given to it. It is thought to be tolerable eating. I

fhould fufpe£t this to be no other than a variety of the White Ibis.

Mr. Middhton.

SuppL, li Genus [ 24S ]

Genus LXVIL CURLEW;

N" II. Hudfonian G.

ti- Common Curlew, Gen. Sym v. p. 119. N" i. +- COMMON Scolopax arquata, Sefp Fog. pi. in p. 109.

^T*HIS bird appears both in Chinefe drawings, and thofe from

India; we may therefore conclude it to inhabit boththofe: places^

5,. White-headed Curlew, Gen. Syn. v. p. 123, N° 5 ?

^^^!^^'-^^-^^- New Species of Tantalus, Sparrm. Voy. i. p. z8l.

Description. I~5^" Sparrtnan defcribes a bird very fimilarj if not the fame with this fpecies. The bill is five inches long, black at the

tip and lower neb ; the upper rieb red : the neck afh-colour; back,

the fame, with a caft of green and a little yellow : the wings dark

beneath, and above of a blue colour, inclining to black : the leffer

wing coverts violet : the tail wedge-fhaped, twice the length of

the bill, and the body fomewhat larger than that of a Hen : thighs -

afh-colour : feet, legs, and membrane between, blackifh. In

other refpefls it had all the charafleriftic marks of the Tantalus *. - Place. This inhabits the neighbourhood of the CiJ^^ i?/Go(?^//oj?^, and

is called by the colonifts Hagedajh and Hadelde, fuppofed from

* Does he mean that the face was naked ? If fo, it fliould certainly be rank-.

«d with the Tantalus, or Uis ; but it is not mentioned in his defcription.

9 the CURLEW. '+0

the bird's note. Met with in great nunnbers about Zwari-kops- rivier : the fanne called by the Hottentots, Takaikene. It lives on bulbs and roots, which it digs up with the bill. Is fhy, and roofts on trees of nights. It is faid to be a fign of rain, if this bird flies in great flocks againft the wind.

Efliimaux Curlew, ArSl. Zool. ii. N" 364. I i.

T EN GTH feventeen inches. Bill nearly four ; colour black; c.

the upper mandible hangs over the lower : the head, neck, Descriptjon. and breafl:, whitifh : the chin, and before the eye, plain ; the reft daflied with brown ftreaks, moft fo on the breafl: : top of the head deep chocolate brown, divided down the nniddle by a white line, and the fides of it above the eyes iiounded with white: between the bill and eye brown : region of the ears brownifh : the upper part of the body and wings brown, nnottled with white ; but the back and fcapulars are alfo marked with fpots of white ; thofe on

the rump are more numerous, and incline to ferruginous : belly, thighs, and vent, white : fides croffed with narrow bars of brown : quills brown, the inner margins fpotted with duflcy white, fhafts white : the wings and tail even ; the laft brown, croflTed with feven or eight blackifh bars, a quarter of an inch broad : legs blueifii black : toes divided to their origin.

Inhabits Hudfon's Bay, from whence I was favoured with a fpe- Place. cimen procured by Mr. Hutchins.

This rs the EJkimaux Curlew of the jirHic Zoology; but not that of the Philofophical TranJaSlions *, defcribed by Dr. Forjier. This

I am well afliJred of, having both of them in my colleftion ; as alfo the variety ofourCommon Curletv, as defcribed before in its place t»

* Vol, Ixii. p. 41 1. See Gen, Syn. v. p. izj. f Gen, Syn, v. p. 120.

I i 2 Genus C 244 3

Genus LXVIII. SNIPE.

N°33. Marbled Godwit. N" 34. Hudfonian Godwit,

9. Cape Snipe, Gen. Sjn, v. p. 138. N° g. CAPE SNIPE,

' ^HIS Snipe is called, at the Cape, Keuvitt; as it fcreams out, I in the duflc of the evening, in a kind of diiagreeable found,

imitating the nan:ie it bears** ^

9- Var. E. ' ^ Description. "DILL yellow, fwelling at the ends of both mandibles; the co-

lour yellowifh green : crown dufky : eyes large and black j

round each a circle of yellow feathers, pointing in a line behind ;

cheeks and throat white : back flaty blue, fpotted with black, and bounded the whole length by a yellow line: fcapulars mofl: ele-

, gantly marked with narrow black lines on a blueifli ground, and the feathers edged with femicircular lines of blueifh and black;

the reft of the wing tawny, with black femicircles, pointing the re-

verfe to the former : tail like the fcapulars, but marked with large

tawny fpots : breaft brown above, black beneath : belly, vent,,

and thighs, white : legs pale alh. Fe-ace. Indies Inhabits the Eajl -f.

• Hv, Sfarrman, f Lady /»z/y.

Commosi SNIP E. Hi

Common Godwit, Gen, Syn. v. p. 144. N° 14. u. 4- COMlMOX GODWIT, npHE bill in different birds differs extremely, having been met with from two inches and a half to four and a quarter in

length ; and the weight fronn fix ounces and three quarters to twelve ounces, and even more.

It is known at Hud/on's Bay by the name of Wafawuckape- Jhew*.

Greenlhank, Gen. Sjn. v. p. 147. N" 18. 18. f- GREEN- SHANK. T^HE Greenjhank inhabits both India and China. In the former,

is known by the name of Chaha.

Redihank, Gen. Syn. v. p. 150. N" 20. 20.

• REDSHANK.

TT is fingular to obferve the very great difference of this bird in the/ummer and winter drefs. In the latter feafon, I have ob-

ferved it fo lean, as to weigh only four ounces : the bird is then of

the ufual colours, though paler ; but the white fpots, generally

feen on the upper parts of the body, in a manner obliterated : the wing coverts very flightly fringed with white.

The Chinefe Redflmnk^ a variety of this, is frequent in India,

where it is known by the name of Teetaree.

MARBLED53- GODWIT. ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill nearly four inches ; colour parts Descriptiok. a dull orange J towards the end black : all the upper

* Mr. Hutchins. brown. :%pS SNIPE.

browtij more or lefs ftreaked and fpotted with rufous white : between

the bill and eye, alfo the chin, white : on the back the marks are pale rufous, and pretty numerous, arifing from each feather having

five or fix tranfverfe bars of that colour on the margins : the wing

coverts have lefs brown in them, appearing at a diftance fcarcely

marked with it : the quills are rufous cream-colour, dotted with

minute fpecks of brown ; the four firft have the outer webs and'

ends of a dufky black ; the Ihaft of the outmoft one white : un-

der wing coverts pale rufous : the bread and fides are of this lafi: colour, but much paler, and tranfverfely barred with dufky waved

lines, broadeft on the fides : the middle of the belly and thighs

plain : vent nearly white : tail rufous, crofled v/ith fix or kven

bars of brown on each feather ; the three outer ones quite irregu-

lar ; the two middle ones paleft : legs black, and bare for an inch and a quarter above the knee. Place. Inhabits Hudfon's Bay. Given to me by Mr. Hutchins.

34- 4-HUDSONIAN f ENGTH feventeen inches. Bill three inches long, turning

upwards ; the bafe half pale, the reft black : top of the head

blackifh, fpotted or ftreaked with duflcy white : fides of the head

and back part of the neck much the fame : lore duflcy : over the

eyes, from the bill, a white ftreak : chin nearly white : back and fcapulars dufky brown, fpotted with rufous white, one fpot being

placed on each fide of the (hafc, for the moft part, though in the

large feathers two : wing coverts brown, fome of the middle ones

mixed with paler, with the addition of fome white fpots ; larger

> coverts plain afii-colour : quills black, the fliafts white ; the bafe

of all, from the fourth, white to about one third of their length : rump. SNIPE. 247. rump, and upper tail coverts, white : the under parts of the bird^ the whole way from the throat to the vent, fine rufous chefnut, waved acrofs with dufky lines, each feather having a narrow line near the tip : the tail feathers white at the bafe, taking up mofi: fpace as the feathers approach outwards ; the reft of their length, dufky black : legs black : wings and tail of equal lengths.

I, received this, with the former, fronci Mr. Hutchins.

CrENUS :

I 24^ 1

Genus LXIX. SANDPIPER.

N" 38. Greenwich S. 39. Brown S. 40. Black S.

10. Svvifs Sandpiper, Gen. Sjn. v. p. 167. N° 10. A- SWISS s. /^NE of thefe, from Hudfon's Bay, given to me as the female of this fpeeies, had the upper parts brown, mottled with dulky

white, not unlike the male, but lefs bright : fides of the head and

fore part of the neck white, fparingly marked with brown fpocs :

belly white, marked with longifh ftreaks of black ; the ends of

the feathers being black for fome length : the quills, rump, and

tail, as in the male : in both, the fides of the body have feveral black featherSj above two inches in length, arifing at the junftion

of the wing. In bochj the bill and legs are black, and a fpur

ferves inftead of a hind toe.- In ihort, this reputed female is fo like

the Grey Sandpiper, that, the belly excepted, which in tiie Englifb

one is not marked with black, one muft fuppofe them to be mere varieties of each other.

Grey Sandpiper, Gen. Syn. v. p. 168. N° 11. 1 1. •GREY S. 1 N the roof of the mouth of this bird is a double row of fpinous

appendages pointing inwards : tongue the length of the bill under the wing the fame long black feathers, eight or nine in number, as obferved above of the Swifs Sandpiper: and no back toe, only ajpur, much as in the Petrel.

Dunlin, SANDPIPER, 249

Dunlin, Cen. Sjn. v. 1S5. p. N* 33. 33- -(-DUNLIN. 'T^HE Dtmlin I have received, by favour of Mr. HukhinSt fr.om

Hudfon's Bay ; which differs fo little from the Britijh one, that

a defcription is unneceffary.

Southern Sandpiper, Gen. Syn. v. p. 187. N° 35. 3J- (- SOUTHERN SANDPIPER. npHIS I received from Hudfon's Bay with the laft fpecies. It

differs very little from the defcription of it In my Synopjis, ex-

cept in being, in the whole, one inch longer j and the bill only an

inch and a quarter in length.

Turnftone, Gen. Syn. v. p. 188. N° 37." 37- +- TURN- STONE- 'T'HESE inhabit the coafts o^ Kent, but not in great plenty. I received a male from Mr. Boys, of Sandwich, Ihot near that place, Aiiguft 1785. The Hudjons Bay natives know this fpecies by the name of Mijhee quajqua ropajhijh *,

38. GREENWICH CIZE of the Redjhank: weight near eight ounces: length S. twelve inches and a half. Bill an inch and a half long, black: Description crown of the head reddifh brown, ftreaked with black : nape, cheeks, and neck, afh-colour ; the middle of the feathers dufky down the fhaft : lower part of the neck and back black ; the fea-

* Mr. Hutchins, SuPPL. Kk thers aSQ SANDPIPER.

tliers margined on the fides with pale ferruginouSj and fome of

thofe of the back at the tips alfo: chin nearly white : fore part of

the neck very pale afh-colour, as far as the breaft, which is of a

dufky white : belly, fides, vent, and upper tail coverts on each

fide, and whole of the under ones, white : lefler wing coverts afh-

colour J the greater, the fame, obfcurely margined with pale fer-

ruginous ; greateft tipped with white ; under wing coverts pure

white: prime quills duflcy, the fhafcs more or lefs white ; feconda-

ries and fcapulars nearly the colour of the back ; the fecondaries

and primaries very little differing in length : the lower part of

the back, rump,, and iniddle of the tail coverts, afh-colour: tail

a. little rounded at the end, brawnifh afh-colour, fomewhat mot-

tled with brownifh near the tips, and fringed near the end with pale ferruginous: legs dufky olive green, bare an inch above the

knee : the outer and middle toe conne^5ted at the bafe.

?i.ACE.. The above was Hiot at Greenwich, on the 5th oi Auguft, 1785,

by Dr. Leitht who did me the favour to add it to my colleftion. I

efteem it a new fpecie&.

39. Bi'own Sandpiper, BV. ZoaL iU N<"i95> BROWN S»

Description. C IZE of 2l Jackfnipe. Bill black : the head, upper part of the

neck, and back, of a pale brown, fpotted with black : coverts

of the wings dufky, edged with dirty white : under fide of the

neck white, ftreaked with black : the belly white : tail cinereous % legs black. In the coUefllon of Mr. tunfidL Bought in the London market.

Black SANDPIPER, 251

Black Sandpiper, Br^ Zoo/, ii. N« 197. 40. BLACK S.

CIZE of a Thrujh. Bill fliort, blunt at the point, and dufky ; Description.

noftrils black: irides yellow: the head fm all, and flatted at top; the colour white, moft elegantly fpotted with grey: the neck, fhoulders, and back, mottled in the fame manner, but

darker, being tinged with brown ; in fome lights thefe parts ap-

peared of a perfeft black, and glofly : the wings were long; the

quill feathers black, croffed near their bafe with a white line : the

throat, breaft, and belly, white, with faint brown and black foots,

of a longifh form, irregularly difperfed ; but on the belly become

larger, and more round : the tail fhort, entirely white, except the two middle feathers, which are black: the legs long and flender, and of a reddifh brown colour.

This was fliot in Lincoln/hire ; and communicated to Mr. Pen- Place. iiant by Mr. Bolton,

Kk 2 GiNus - [ 252 ]

Genus LXX, PLOVER.

N° 24. a. Indian PI.

*WITH A STRAIT BILL. '

I. Golden Plover, G^K.5)'«. V. p. 193, N» I. •f. G0LDEN PL. J HAVE mentioned in my Synopjls, that this fpecies varied in- having the belly fometimes black, and at other times black and

white. I have been lately informed, that this is entirely owing to the feafon. About the beginning of March, the appearance of

black on the bread is firft feen, increafing by degrees till that pare becomes of a full bhckj but after the time of incubation, this co-

lour again difappears*. It is feen at times on the coafts o( Kent,

but we believe is far lefs plenty there than towards the north of

England, It, no doubt, is a native o( India, as I have feen it in.

drawings from thence It is called there, Bugadee-f,

3. Long-legged Plover, Gen, Sja, v, p. 195. N° 3. LONG-LEG- GED PL. EN GTH fourteen inches. Bill two inches and a half long, Description. A-JJ ftrait and black : upper part of the head, and hind part of the^

neck, afh-coloured ; the edges of the feathers pale : back reddifh

brown : wings purplifh black : round the eye, and all the under

parts, white : the wings exceed the tail in length : legs very long, and red.

• Mr. JaciTon,. f Mrs^Wke/ir,. Inhabits

I PLOVER. 25-^3

Inhabits India, and not uncommon ; met with in flocks, and fre- Place. quent in company with the 'Teetaree, or Chinefe Redjhank.

I apprehend the above to be no other than the J^ong-legged

Plover in its juvenile ftate ; the more fo, as that bird is not unfrequent in India. Mrs. Wheeler informs me, that it is there known by the name of Crakoli,

Sanderling, Gen. Syn. v. p. 197. N" 4. ^. 4- SANDETlr 'T'HESE are met with on the coafts o^ Kent, we believe, at all LING,

feafons. I have received them from my intelligent friend Mr. Boys, oi Sandwich, both in January and in Auguft. This bird, like the Purre, and fome others, varies confiderably, either from age, or with the feafon ; for thofe received in Auguft, had the upper parts dark afh- coloured j and the feathers deeply edged with ferruginous j but others, fent to me in January, were of a plain dove-coloured grey : they differed alfo in fome other trifling particulars. I am informed, that they are feen in autumn in fmall flights, and not unfrequently along v/ith the Purres, and both of them indifcriminately called Ox Birds.

"T^R. Heyjham informs me, that he once received fome Dotterel'^ ^. eggs from Kefwick, in Cumberland; alfo, that z female Dot- -^ DOTTEREL, terel was killed upon the very top of the mountain Skiddow, in the breeding feafon.

Le :

«S4 f 1. O V E R.

Xe petit Pluvler des Indes, Brif. Orn. 8vo. ii. p. 234. N" 16. 24, a. INDIAN PL. the fize of a Lark: length J)EscRiPTioN, "MEARLY fix inches. Bill nine

lines long, and blackilh : the upper part of the body is

brown ; the under, dufliy white : on the breaft two tranfverfe

brown bands : the prime quills brown j the fecondaries dufky

tail feathers white at the bafe; the reft of their length brown j

wings and tail of equal length whenclofed: legs dulky blaclc Place. Inhabits the Eaji Indies.

**WITH A CURVED BILL.

2,^.* Cream-coloured Plover, Gen. Syn. v. p. 217. N" 25. -*- CREAM-CO- LOURED PL. A Bjfd of this curious and fingular fpecies was fhot near St. Al~ Pl. CXVI. ban's, in Eaft Kent, the feat of William Hammond, Efq; wha

prefented it to me with the following account. He firft met with

it running upon feme light land.j and fo little fearful was it, that, after having fent for a gun, one was brought to him, which did

not readily go off, having been charged fome time, and in confe-

bur, after making a turn or two, it again fettled within a hundred yards of him, when he was prepared with a fecond fhot, which dif-

patched it. It v/as obferved to run with incredible fwiftnefs, and, at intervals, to pick up fomething from the ground; and was fo

bold, as to render it difficult to make it rife from the ground,

in order to take a more fecure aim on the wing. The note was not like any kind of Plover's, nor indeed to be compared with

:that of any known bird. Genus Pl.CXVI.

(^^ea/m -cototd/yeau ''J^Vr'/y/rr. 1 I 255^ ]

Genus LXXITL RAIL.

Troglodyte Rail, Gen. Syn. v. p. 229. N" 3. j; Rallus auftralis, Sparrm. Muf. Carl/, pi, 14. TROGLODYTE"- Ra

'T^HE figure in the above work anfwers to my defcription of it,

except that it wants the white ftreak over the eye.

Philippine Rail, Gen. Syn. v. p. 230. N° 4. 4i Var. D, PHIUPPINE C I ZE of our common Water Rail. Bill red, with a white tip: neck, as far as the the crown of the head, and hind *part of the -,^_ JJESCR IPTIO t-r, beginning of the back, of a reddifh rufous colour; the back darker,

Ipotted acrofs with white : wings nearly the fame ; the quills not fpotted : the under parts, from the chin to the beginning of the belly, pale afli-colour j from thence to the vent white : legs of a pale green.

Another fpecimen had a purplifh bill : wings dark brown ; each feather crofled with lines of white and black : lower belly, thighs, and vent, crofled with black : legs brown. Both the above were met with in drawings from India^ where iC is known by the name of Chaha, It feems to be a fpecies which yaries exceedingly,.

Gknu % I 256 1

-Genus LXXIV. J A C A N A«

N° 10. Indian J.

Luzonian Jacana, Gen. Syn. v. p. 245. N° 6..

LUZONIAN J. Description. MONG the drawings of Lady Impey I find the above bird. The fize nearly that of the Chinefe Jacana.' The bill is of a

pale green, and fiiaped much like that oi&Gull : the crown of the

head, hind part of the neck, and back, brown : above the eyes

white : along the fide of the neck a yellow ftripe, divided from

the fore part by another of black, which finifhes on the breaft ;

excepting this, all the under parts from the chin are white : the

wing coverts are white, croffed with a few brown bars : prime quills black, ending in two projefting narrow feathers: tail cu-

neiform, brown : legs as in other Jacanas, and of a pea green.

Place. This inhabits India, where it is called a Plover*,

8. 8. Chinefe Jacana, Gen, Syn. v. p. 246. N°

CHINESE J. PL. CXVII. C I Z E of the Gold Pheafant : length two ktt. Bill blueifh : Description, front of the head, cheeks, fore part and fides of the neck,

white J hind part of the head black, defcending in a line on each fide of the neck to the breaft: the back part of the neck, behind

* I have much fufpicion that it is related to my Chinefe Jacana ; as I was in-

formed, that, when perfeft, the two middle tail feathers are greatly longer than

•the others, as in that bird.

thlS;,

I ;

J A C A N A. 257

this, of a yellow buff-colour: between the neck and back gilded

brown : all the under parts, from the breaft, deep purple : back

and fcap'jlars reddilh brown : wing coverts white : quills brown j

the fecondaries edged with white ; the ends of fome of the prima-

"- ries grow very narrow towards the tips, and end almoft in a point ;

at the bend of the wing a fliort, fharp, horn-coloured fpur : the two middle tail feathers half the length of the bird, and fhaped like thofe of the Gold Pheafant -, one of them longer than the other, ending in a point ; the adjoining one lefs fharp at the end, and marked near the tip with an oval fpot of white* : legs green toes and claws very long, as ufual in this genus.

Inhabits India, where it is called Vuppi-pi. From the drawings Place. of Lady Impey.—It is, no doubt, alfo known by another name, as I obferved one of them, among fome drawings Ihown to me by Major Roberts, which was called Sobna.

10. INDIAN j. S I Z E of the common Water Hen. Bill yellow ; bafe of the upper mandible dufky blue ; near the gape a red fpot : head. neck, and under parts, deep blueifh black : back and wings dirty cinereous brown: quills the fame, but darker, and inclining to violet : over the eye, and reaching fome way beyond it, a broad white ftreak : legs dirty luteous brown : toes and claws long, and fhaped as in others of this genus.

Inhabits India. Called, at Bengal, Peepee and Mowa ; at Hift- Place. dojlatif Coudey. It is called alfo Dullpee, from its living in a

• I apprehend that there fliould be four long tail feathers, and that the two middle ones are alike, as well as their adjoining ones ; efpecially as I do not recoiled any bird in which the tail feathers do not arife by pairs. Suppt, L floating r..y J A C A N A.

floating manner. It is a fliy bird, and frequents ftagnant lakeSj.

where it is not eafily come at. It builds the neft upon floating iflands, among weeds, pretty clofe to the banks. Male andfemak much alike.—Mr. Middkton.

Genus LXXV. GALLINULE,

»^ Martinico Gallinule, Gen, Syn, v, p. 25^. N" 7.

4" MARTINICO Fulica martinicenfis, Jacq. Fog. p. 12. t, 3.

^AC^UINohkrvt^, that it is plentiful in the fwamps o{ Mar-

•^ tinico, where the flefh is valued for food , and that its voiee i^

fine and fofr, though feldom exerted.

O Br D £ E { ^S9 1 /

Order VIII. With Pinnated Feet.

Genus LXXVIII. COOT.

Common Coot, Gen, Syn. v. p. 275. N" i. ^ i,' Fulicaatra, ^^//Fo^. pi. inp. 61.—fii#/f. rsy. £«^. ?/. p. 200. 4- COMMON \/ WV X T HAVE feen this twice reprefented in drawings (torn India.

In one fet of them it was figured of a much fuperior fize, which leaves room to think that the greater fpecies may likewife inhabit that part of the world.

Fulica leucoryx, Sparr, Muf, Carl/, pi. 12. i, a. HIS variety has the eyelids pale, and the whole of the wing TVar.Description; white i but the fhafts of the prime quills black: in other things, like the common fpecies.

This was found dead in the park at Stockholm, Placs. ,

Fulica ^thiops, Sparrm, Muf. Carlf. pi. 13. i. Var. B. CIZE of the common one, and differs only in having the fea- Dbscriptiok, thers of the breaft and belly ferruginous, undulated with brown. Place not mentioned.

LI 2 Genus :

[ 26o ]

Genus LXXIX.. GREBE. ._ ,,

7. Red-necked Grebe, Gen. Syu. v. p. 288. N» 7. "^^EDGR^^' Colymbus fubcriftatus, Jacg. Fog. p. 37. pi. 18. ' . Colymbus parotis, Sfarrm, Muf. Carlf. pi. 9.

eighteen inches to the end of the toes twenty- Descrip-tion. f ENGTH j four; weight feventeen ounces. Bill nearly two inches long;

fides of the bafe of both mandibles, for three quarters of an inch,

of a fine orange yellow; the reft black : lore brown or blackifli

irides fine orange red : the crown, and fides of the head above the

eyes, nearly black, and the feathers a little elongated : the hind

part of the neck, the back, and wings, dark brown ; fix of the

middle fecondaries white, a little mottled with dufky at the tips; the two or three next outward ones more or lefs white near the

tips and inner webs : the chin, fides under the eyes, and fore part

of the neck, for above an inch, pale afii-colour j the reft of the

neck ferruginous chefnut, mottled on the breaft with dulky : from thence, to the vent, white, like fattin, mottled on the fides with

dufky irregular fpots : legs black*

I received a perfeft fpecimen.of the male of this bird from Ma- jor Hammond, who informed me, that the end of April, the year 1786, two of them alighted in a farm-yard, near his houfein Eafi Kent, and were taken alive.

I have alfo met with two other fpecimens ; tiie firft fent to me, January 28, 1786, by Mr. Martin, oi'Teingmouth, a gentleman to

whom I owe many other obligations : his fpecimen had net come

£0 perfedion, as the colours of the head and neck were much blendedj, Fi . cxvur.

,_J^e//—mc^e

G R E B E. ?6r

blended, and the ferruginous on the neck only jufl: breaking forth.

Mr. Boys, o( Sandwich, alfo obliged me with a third, the begin-

ning- vof hit Ortoher : his bird, he informed me, weighed nineteen ounces and a halfi the length twenty-one inches and a half; breadth twenty-eight. The bill yellow at the bafe, dufky olive towards the tip: lore dufky: irides pale brown: head quite fmooth. The defcription differed not much; but the ferruginous colour of the neck was much blended with dufky ; the white

on the under parts greatly mottled with the fame : legs, without, dufliyi within, greenifh yellow: the middle toe united to the inner, as far as the firft joint; and to the outer, to the middle of the fecond *.

The two laft-mentioned are, no doubt, birds not in full plumage. That defcribed by Dr. Sparrman is clearly under the fame predicament J perhaps a ftill younger bird than either of the others, as the cinereous parts on the throat appear white, with three or four lines of black, and acrofs the lower part of the neck is a band of white. The bird figured in Jacquin feems an adult.

* This circumftance appears to prevail throughout the genus, and fhould be added to the chara£lers of it.

I do aSa _ GREBE.

I do not recolleft, that, among any of the drawings (rota India or China, which have come under my] infpe6tion, I have met

with a fingle fpecies of the Grebe genus ; yet feveral have been

noticed as inhabitants of the warmer as well as colder parts of America, Indeed we remark a variety of our Little Grebe, or

what is efteemed as fuch, from the Philippine IJlands, recorded

by Buffon ; and I have not a doubt but future obfervers will find the Continent of Afia likewife not to be deficient therein.

It was fuppofed alfo by former authors, that the Jacana genus

.was confined to Brajil and its environs, hence the whole of that race known were called Brajilian VTater-hens, But later obfervations have pointed out to us no fewer than four of that genus, which inhabit Jfrica and Afia.—One proof, among the many others, how much we have yet to learn in Ornithology,

Ordir E ^^3 3

iRDER IX. W E B-F O O T E D. •WITHLONGLEGS.

Qenus LXXX. a V O S E T..

Scooping Avofetj Gen. Sji:. v. p. 293. N" i. I. "*" SCOOPING Recurviroftra avocetta, Se^p Vog. pi. in p. 69. AV..

'TpHE weight of this bird is frequently fourteen ounces and a

half, Troy: length twenty-two inches j breadth thirty inches: length of the naked part of the legs feven inches. The Avojet appears on the coaft of Kent about the middle of Aprils and departs for the moft part the beginning of «S'?/'/f«?^^r*.

Gevus LXXXII. FLAMINGO,.

Red Flamingo, Gen. Syti. v, p. 299. N* 1. I,', •f- RED FL<. r>R. Sparrmanf met with large flocks of Flamingoes between ifabk and Simon's Bay, near Alphen, in the month of April, feeking their food in pools and puddles that were beginning to dry up. He informs us, that thefe were of a fnow- white colour^ and:the wings of a flaming rofy hue.

• • Mr. B.tiys. + Foj. i. p. 30, 3 ** WITH; t 2^4 ]

** WITH S H OUT LE G S» Genws LXXXIV. auk.

», Razor-brll, Gett. Syn. v. p. 319. N" 5. ^RAZOR-BILL. 'T^HE method that this bird takes in fifhing is rather fingular,

often diving and catching feveral fmall fifh, which it is ob-

ferved to range on each fide of the bill, with the head in the

mouthj and the tails hanging out on each fide of the bill ; and when the mouth can hold no more, the bird retires to the rocks

c£o fwallow them at leifure.

GSNQS .

E 265 ]

Genus LXXXV. GUILLEMOT.

Foolifh Guillemot, Gen. Sytt. vit p. 339. N» i. I. FOOLISH G. A Singular circumftance has been obferved of this bird, which

is, that when taken out of fight of the fea, and turned loofe, it does not attempt to fly j but as foon as carried within reach of the fea, it flies thereto very readily i and if it is put into frefh water, it will fwim about, but feems unwilling to dive, or, if forced thereto, does not to any great depth, and diredly rifes again to the furface : whether this is owing to the want of proper food contained in the water, or repugnant to it as an clement unpleafing to its nature, cannot be determined. This bird, like the Razor- bill, carries the fifli with the tails hanging out of the bill *.

Black Guillemot, Gen.Syn. vi. N?3. p. 332. ^_ -(- BLACK G. T^HE Black Guillemot is common in the Bay of Dublin, which it does not forfake the whole year f

• * Mt. Jack/on. f tci.

SupPL. Mm Genus C 266 ]

Genus LXXXVIII. TERN.

N° 24. Philippine T.

Sandwich Tern, Gen. Syn, vi. p. 356. N°9. SANDWICH T. JAM informed, that this fpecies is equally comnaon on the fhores o( Suffolk in the fummer, as on thofe of Kent; and that

it may be diftinguifhed from others both by its fuperior fize while

flying, as well as the difference in note *.

Mr. Boys has obferved to me, that it has a fhorter fcream than

that of the Com.mon Tern, though more like it than the note of any

other. It is found to aflbciate with the Common "Teryit for the moft

part, while the Black Tern is in diftindl flights, and all of the above confiderably more numerous than the Little Tern. The Sandwich

Tern generally is feen in the neighbourhood of Romney about the 17th of ^nV, and departs about the ^th. oi September,

j». White Tern, Gen. Syn. vi, p. 363. N' 17.

"i- WHITE T. Sterna alba, Sfarrm. Muf. Carl/, pi. n.

'T'HIS author, in whofe work I firft obferve a figure of the

bird, remarks, that it inhabits the Eajl Indies, and the Caps cf Good Hope, as well as various parts of the South Seas,

• Rev. Dr. Wilgrefs,.

Black :

TERN. ^6^

Black Tern, Gen. Syn. vi. p, 366. N" zz. 22. Sterna nigra, Sepp Fog. pi. in p. 131. 4- BLACK T.

'T' HIS fpecies is oblerved to appear on the coafh of Kent in a few days after the other Terns; and, as they differ fomewhat in their manners, do not affociate. The Black Tern never depofits the eggs on the fea beach, as the others do, but breeds and feeds in the flows within land. It is a lefs fhy bird, and the note much ihriller than that of the other Terns.

Le petit Fouquet des Philippines, Sa». Foy. p. 125. t. 85. 24. PHILIPPINE T.

T^HIS is double the fize of the Common Tern. The bill bent Dbscription.

black, and pointed at the end : the upper part of the head even with the eye is white : at the bafe of the bill is a narrow ftripe of black, which furrounds the eye, and finillies in a point neck, breafl:, and belly, vinaceous grey ; above, the fame, but deeper : quills, tail, and legs, black.

Inhabits xht Philippine IJks i often found at a great diftance Placb. from land.

Mm » GsKiff* [ 268 1

Gbkus LXXXIX. gull.

9- Black-headed Gull, Gen. Syn.Vi. p. 380. N° 9. •t- BLACK- Larus ridibundus, Sepf Vog. pi. in p. 153. M. and Fern. HEADED G.

'X'HIS appears firft about Romney, on the coaft of Kent, abou!: the 17th of J^pril, and departs the beginning of September. A few appear again in the winter*.

J5- Black-toed Gull, Gen. Syn, vi. p. 387. N" 15. 4- BLACK- TOED G. '"PHE beginning of September laft, I was prefented with one of thefe by Mr. Jackfon, which was ihot at Fieldplace, near

Horjham, in Stijfex. It differs from that defcribed in my Synopfis

in a few particulars. It is fixteen inches in length. The whole

plumage darker coloured, and mixed with ferruginous ; the quills

marked at the tips with the fame : breaft mottled with white :

the fhape of the tail a trifle rounded at the end : the quills, when

clofed, reach an inch beyond the tip of it f.

Tarrock Gull, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 393, N" 18. +. TARROCK G. Received this variety, killed near Teingmouth, in the county of Var. a. Devon, November 1785 J.

* Mr. Boys.

^ f The tail in my fpecimen had but ten feathers ; that oi Brijfon contained

twelve : I therefore fufpeit my bird to have been deficient therein. X Mr. Martin, Genus

I C 269 ]

Genus XC. P E T R E L.

* true, with the nostrils contained in a tube.

Shearwater, Gen. Syn. vi, p. 406. N° 11. ii- SHEARWATER.

^T*HE Shearwater is obferved to fly in an undulating manner, defcending fo as aln:ioft to touch the furface of the water, and

then rifing again alternately. When fwimming on the water, it appears to raife itfelf with the greateft difficulty from the furface; and, in the effort, the head preponderates for feme diftance, when

the bill is feen to cut the water; hence the name of Cutwater, or Shearwater, has perhaps been given to the bird *.

Stormy Petrel, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 411. N* 18. 18.

-f- STORMY P 'X'HIS bird vifits the ifle o? Thanet early in the winter; fometimes in the month oiOSioher. One killed there in January \. In the middle of OSloher laft, one of thefe was feen on the banks of

the "Thames, near NorthfieetX, when a boy threw a flone at it, and ftunned it, fo as to take it with the hand. This was fent to me,

and, as it appeared not hurt, I endeavoured to keep it alive, but

it would by no means feed. It would dip its bill into a cup of

water, when placed in the cage by it, but refufed all kind of food,

and died the third day after I received it. ItTeemed to walk in a

tripping manner, and with fome difficulty, when on its feet ; and

would frequently fit down, refting the body on the whole length

of the hind part of the legs.

* Mr. Jack/on, f Mr. Boys. | Mr. Madreth. Genus C 270 ]

Genus XCI. MERGANSER.

5)'K. vi. j_ Dun-Diver, G^«, p. 420. N° 2. DUN-DIVER. Mergus krrat\is, Brua.Orn.N" g6*.

TN confirmation of what I before advanced f, concerning the probability of this bird and the Goojander being different fpe-

cies, I have been lately informed by Dr. Heyjham, that he fome

time fince difTeded two Dun-Divers ; the one weighing about

two pounds : this proved a female j the eggs numerous, and appearing very diftinft. The other bird, being much larger,

weighed full three pounds. The creft in this was longer than that of the other, and the belly of a bright bufF-colour. This proved,

on dilTeflion, a male % and the tejtes were fufficiently apparent, and beginning to grow turgid. At this time he obferved, that he could not obtain a fingle Goofander, though fome were feen about,

and fometimes in company with, the Dun-Divers X- The Dun-Diver inhabits Ireland, and breeds upon the iHands of

the Shannon, near Killaloo, and is frequently feen there the whole

fummer through ||. The Goofander, Red-breajled Goojander, and Smew, appear about

Sandwich in winter §.

* I have quoted the above, in my Synofjls, for the Red-hreajied Goofander ; but I am now clear that Brunnkh meant the Mergus cajlor of Linnaus, a fmall va-

riety of this fpecies. Hh M. crijiatus, N° 94, 95. he mea.ns the Red ireaJieJ {pedes. f Synopjis,vo\. vi. p.421, 422. X My friend does not fay whetTier he obferved a Jabjrinth in the male bird. J Mi. Jackfin, § Mr.%/. Red-breafted MERGANSER. »7i

Red-breafted Merganfer, Ge>!. Syn. vi. p. 423. N° 3. 3- •t-RED- Mergus criflatus M. & Fern. Bruit. N" 94, 95. BREASTED P. TN a male of one of ihefe, which was fliot near Sandwich, in

Kenty I obferved that the feathers which compofe the creft were fimply black ; alfo down the middle of the crown, as well as the fpace before the eye, and beneath the chin and throat; but in the reft of the neck the black had a glofs of green. This fex is furnifhed with a curious and large labyrinth. The windpipe, about two inches from its entrance above, fwells out into an oval form, of three times the width it before occupied, and continues fo for about two inches j after which it refumes its firft fliape and fize, and fo continues, to the divarication into the lungs ; at which place it paffes through, and communicates with a bony labyrinth, in fhape not unlike a heart, two inches and a quarter long by two in breadth J one fide of which is perforated with two holes, one of which is double the fize of the other, and both covered with a pellucid membrane which is dilatable, and ferves to en- large the cavity of the labyrinth at the will of the bird.

Smew, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 428. N" j. +- SMEW. T HAVE once found a (e^ Jhrimps in the ftomach of one of

thefe birds. Mr. Jack/on informs me, that he has found it perfeftly diftended with them, and that they are fuppofcd to be its chief food.

Genus [ 272 ]

- Genus XCII. DUCK.

N" 99. Pink-headed D. N' 100. Barred-headed D.

Whiftling Swan, Gen, Syn. vi. I. ,_ p. 433. N° WHISTLING &W. ^T'HIS bird fometimes weighs twenty-five pounds*.

The trachea, or windpipe, enters the breaft-bone; the keel-

like procefs of which, in moft other birds, is flat and Iharp, but in

this fpecies is very large and hollow. It is into this cavity that

the windpipe enters, and, after making a turn, comes out again at

orifice it entered the where -f-. In America they are not uncommon, efpecially on the borders

of the upper lakes, as they breed in the lagoons and marfhy inlets,

and migrate to the fouthern provinces with their young, in incre-

dible numbers, about the beginning of O£iober J.

i,_ Black-backed Goofe, Gen, Syn. vl. p. 449. N* 13. BLACKlijACK- ED G. 'T^O the defcription given before in the Synopjis, the following

may be added. The male differs from zh^ female in having

the excrefcence at the bafe of the bill full as prominent and round-

ed as in the King Duck ; it is likewife flatted at top in the fame

manner; but in the/^»2«/(? it is confiderably fmaller : the glofs on

the plumage is alfo more inclining to the green and blue reflec-

tions in the male. Both fexes have along and dangerous fpur on

* Mx.Boys, t Ht, Heyjhant, % Colonsl Davits. * the DUCK. 273 the fhoulder of the -wing, which, as it is a ftrong bird, renders it a

formidable enemy. It is found north of the Ganges, but is not very- common. It is known by the name of iVaf-^i<3/5'.—-Communicated by Mr. Middleton.

Ruddy Goofe, Gen, iyn. vi. p. 456. N" iS. 1?. HUDDY G. CAID to be common in Crim Tartary. The Baron de I'ott, in his Memoirs, obferves, that among, the various fpecies of aqua-

tic birds which abound in the Crimea, the moft remarkable is a kind of PFild Goofe, with longer legs than ours, and a plumage of

a bright brick-colour. The Tartars pretend, that the flelh is ex-

ceedingly dangerous : " I tafled it (fays he) and only found it " exceedingly good-for-nothing."

Sjn. Grey-headed Duck, Gen. vi. p. 458. N" 19. 19- GREY-HEAD- TN the fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum may be perceived a ED D. blunt knob a little below the bend of the wing.

Tame Goofe, Geit. Syn.\\. , , p.461. 21. A. Anas Anfer, Brun. N" 55. +- TAME GOOSE, JAM informed by a friend*, that the Geefe, in their journey from the diftant counties to London, will walk from eight to ten miles a day on an average, travelling from three in the morning

till nine at night; and as it happens that fome of the weaker ones

are much fatigued thereby, in fuch cafe they are fed with oats in-

ftead of barleyi the ufual food on the journey.

* Mr. Jonet, SUPPL, Nn Eider ;

274 DUCK.

zg. Eider Duck, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 470. N" 29. EIDER D. Anas Molliffima, Brun. N" 57—66.—i>/-m. Muf, Carl/, pi. 6.

'T'PIIS very feldom vifits the fouthern part of this ifland ; yet

Mr. Boys informs me, that he had a defcription of a bird fliot

in {he Jfiand of Thanet, M^zrc^ 1786, which could be no other than a male of this fpecies.

37. Velvet Duck, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 482. N° 37. 4- VELVET D. 'T^HE Scoter and Velvet Duck are grtatly finnilar in plumage, the

l-aft chiefly differing from the former in having the white

mark beneath the eye, and a band of the fame acrofs the wing ;

but internally they differ much : the male of the Scoter is totally

- without a labyrinth, or enjargement of the windpipe, in any part but the Velvet Duck has a very confpicuous fwelling, of a roundifh

form, about the fize of a CmaU walnut, at about two thirds of its

length ; though at the entrance into the lungs there is no real labyrinth, only an enlargement.

47. Red-billed Whiftling Duck, G^ff. ^«. vi. p. 498. N" 47. RED-BILLED Anas autumnalis, Jacq, Fog, rp. 6. N* 4. WHISTLING D, ./ * ^

'X'HE bill in young birds is black. This fpecies is very com-

mon at New Grenada, in South America, and is frequently

kept tame in the farm-yards between the tropics, but is apt to be

quarrelfome, and will often fly away. The Spaniards call the bird

Pije/ic, from its voice ; the Englijh, Main-Duck. This is frequently brought into Europe, and has propagated in an aviary at

Shonbrun, in Siveden,

Shieldrake, I .

DUCK. 275

Shieldrake, Geit. Syn. vi. p. 504. N" c i 51.

- SHIELDRAKE, Tyr Baubenton * talks of a mixed breed between ^the Shieldrake and Common Duck; but fays that the produce was not fertile.

Spanifli G^«. vi. Duck, 5v». p. 525. N" 69. gq^ Anas viduata, Jacj. Vog. p. 3. t. i. SPANISH D.

'T'HIS fpecics inhabits Carthagena, in South America. The

word Vindih, as written by Limiieus, is certainly an error of the prefs ; it fhould have been viudita^ which fignifies a little wi- dow, and was intended to be fo called f. It has been obferved to me, that the White-headed Duck of Sco- foliX, and the Ural Duck of Dr. PallasW, are the fame with this bird, notwithftandingthe above authors confider them as new fpecies§. The Spanijh Duck was firll defcribed by Linnaeus, and I muft confefs that the defcription of the three birds in queftipn agree with each other exceedingly.

Weftem Duck, Gen. Sy/i. vj. p. 532. N" 74. 74. "^ WESTERN D. Anas difpar, M. & Fem. Sfarrm. Muf. Carl/, pi. 7.

'TPHE male has been before defcribed. The female has thewhole plumage mixed brown and ferru- Female, ginous, not unlike that of the Woodcock. The quiUs are all ftrait, and of a dufky colour ; the fecondaries have fome of them white

* Encyclopedic mhhod!qiie,\6\.\. p. 341. f Jacquin. % Ann. l. N° 79.

!| 7V«i/. ii. p. 713. § Mx. Pennant.

N n 2 - tips. 176 ' DUCK.

tips, making a fpot on the wing : fome of the wing coverts have

alfo white tips, forming a large fpot of white forwards : the^Jegs

are black. A pair of thefe were fhot at one time, on a river in OJlrogothia-f in Sweden.

83. CoimnonTeal, G^». 5)iff. vi. p. 551. N^Sg.. 4- COMMON Anas Crecca, Sefp Fog. pi. in p. 147. M. and Fern. TEAL. OTH the Garganey and this bird are found on the coafts of

Kent in the winter *. The Teal is now known to breed in the

mofles about Carlijle, in Cumberland -f. Both iht Garganey and, Teal extend to India, as I have met with them in drawings done in that country. I likewife find, that the Wild Duck, the Shoveler^ and the Gadwal, inhabit the coaft of Coromandel,. and, no doubt> other parts of India^

99. PINK-HEADED gjzE of t\it Black-billed Whijiling Dmk : length twenty-one

inches. Bill two inches and a half in length, a trifle P CXIX bent at ~ the point colour of that, the whole of the head, and half the Description. J . . neck, a fine pink 5 and, as far as that colour extends, the feathers

are fhort and downy : irides red : the lower part of the neck, and

the refl: of the plumage, a dufky deep chocolate brown^ except a

kind of fpeculum, formed of three or four of the quills, which are

of a pale red, or ruft-colour : fome of the lower wing coverts are

curved downwards at.the ends, z^\n the male o( the Wefiern Buck X :

the tail is two inches in length, and the wings reach near one third

*• Mx.Boys, f \>x,Eiyfiiam. J G»». 5)'aj yi. p>53Z; thereon:. ••] cvrx.

D u e K. m thereon : the legs are blue grey, and rather longer than in many ©f the genus. The female fcarce differs from the male. Inhabits various parts o( India; moft frequent in the province Places of Oude. Is feldom feen in flocks, for the moft part, only two being found together. Is often liept tame *.

100. BARRED- CIZE of a Tame Goo/e: length twenty-fix inches. Bill two HEADED G..

inches long, and of a bright yellow; nail black : the head, Discriptiok*. throat, and hind part of theneclc, are white : at the back part of the head, below the eye, a crefcent of black, the horns curving upwards towards the eye ; below this is a fecondj and under this, moft part of the back of the neck is black alfo : the back is of a fine pale grey ; the edges of the feathers lighteft : wings pale afti- eolour J, edges of the prime quills dufky : lower part of the neck, before, breaft, and upper part of the belly, a moft ekgant pale afli-colour, edged with white : lower belly deep brown, edged with white : rump and vent fnow white : tail fine light grey, tipped with white : legs reddilh yellow.

Inhabits 7k^/«. I' am informed, that this fpecies is often met Place... with by hundreds in a flock in the winter months, and is very de-

ftruftive to the corn. Suppofed to come from Thibet, and other parts towards the north, departing again as the fummer ap-

proaches. Its flefli is much efteemed f-

*- Mr. MiMito/i. \ Major Roifrtr,

G zm-vs' [ 278 ]

Gtutjs XCIil. PENGUIN.

r. Cape Penguin, Gen. Sjii. vi. p. 566. N° 5. CAPE P. \X7E find by Mr. Spanman*, that at prefent the little ifland of

Malagas, in Falfe Bay, is particularly reforted to by the Pen-

guins and Seals; and although Robben or Seal IJland (otherwife

Galled Penguin IJland) in Table Bay, bears the name of the bird,

they have been feldona found there firice the ifland has been in- habited.

* Foy, i. p. 24.

Genus [ 279 J

Genus XCIV. PELICAN.

CorVorant, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 593. N* i^.-^Sepp Vog. pi. in p, 13- CORVO- T T is difficult to make the Corvorant rife from the water, efpe- RANT,

cially if followed, and obliged to dive many times, as its fea-

thers imbibe much wet. On this account, it is obferved, that when it comes out of the water, it expands and flaps the wings as foon as pOiTible, that the feathers may the fooner dry. Mr. Jack' Jon obferved to me, that having once made a great noifc beneath the neft of a Corvorant which had built in the rocks, he frightened out three young, which not being fledged enough to fly, drop- ped into the water, but immediately fwam about, and dived without the leaft difficulty, as if they had been ufed to that element. Both Corvorant and Shag are called about Sandwich by the name of Cole-Goofe *.

Spotted Shag, Gen. Syn. \i. p. 602. N"> 18. 18. SPOTTED Pelicanus punftatus, Sparrm. Muf. Carlf. pi. 10, SHAG.

T^H I S, like the Corvorant, and many other birds, has, no doubt, two manners of building, each fuited to its prefent conveni-

ence. It is faid ufually to build among the rocks ; but we are

told by Dr. Spurrman, that it makes the nefl: in the trees alfo.

• Mr. Boys,

Gannet, -uSo P E I. I C A N.

Gannet, Gsn, Syn. vi. p. 608. N° 25. -4.GANNE;r.

if 'Find that Ic is oat the Pekcanus-Sula of LinnaiiSy but the 5'&/a Hoieri, a different bird, and a mere variety of our Common Gan-

net, which is now and then found in this kingdom*. It chiefly

varies in having fome of the fecond quills, and fome of the tail feathers, black.

Mr. Marlin, o( Teingmouth, in Devon/hire, iui^tSti that the

Gannet breeds thereabouts, as he has feen the old birds in the fummer feafon.

iLefier Gannet, Gen. Syn. 26. vi. p, 61 1. N' 26 i Lev. Var. Muf. +- LESSER G. CIZEof a Duck: length twenty inches. Bill flrait, as in the •DKS.CRIPTION, Gannet, and fhaped like it ; colour reddilh brown, with a duflcy

or black point ; the bafe, and fkin round the eye, of a deep red.

The plumage is wholly white, except the wings, fcapulars, and

middle of the back, which are duflcy, and the quills black : the

tail is even at the end : legs blood red.

I apprehend this bird to be a variety of the Lejfer Gannet. It

differs chiefly in being fmaller, and in having the tail feathers white throughout, which in the other are only white at the bafe,

the refl: of the length being black.

• Sj». vol. vi. p. 6j^.—Jr3, ZooJ. vol. iii p. 583,

3 A LIST 28l

A LIST of the Birds of Great Britain;

Comprehending all fuch as either vifit us at uncertain Searons, or are ufually domefticated, as well as thole which are known to be conftant Inhabitants.

Explanation of the Marks, t Thofe which are found with us in the Summer Seafon, * Such as are Winter Inhabitants. The II more rare Birds. t Thofe which breed with us in a domefticated State.

Division I. LAND-BIRDS. Division II. WATER-BIRDS.

D I V. L Order L RAPACIOUS.

Genus II.

r A L C O N. F A L C 0. Synopfis. Supplem. Br. Zool. Syft. Nat. ][.

* Oea Eagle I. p. 30 — P- 9 I.N° 44 Oflifragus — — 124. N ' + Golden E. '^ 31 !0 42 Chryfaetos — — - 125 -" '5 " Ringtail E. 32 id. 43 Fulyus — - * Cinereous E. 33 II 45 Albicilla (r,///w, Lin.) - 123 __ 8 Ofprey — 45 13 46 fJalixtus — - - 129 — 26 — Common Buzzard 48 14 54 Buteo — - 127 — 1.5 Honey B. — 52 id. 56 Apivorus — — 130 — 28 Moor B. — 53 15 57 iEruginofus — - id. — 29

Gofhawk' — . 58 16 52 Palumbarius — - — — 30 f - Kite — 61 '7 53 Milvus — - 126 4^- 12 s — Gentil Falcon - 64 id. 50 Gentilis — — — 13 Peregrine F. 48 Peregrinus — — Spotted F. •• Danicus — — Jl 74 55

a In the North of England and in Scotland, alfo in Ireland. b Caernarvonjhire, Snotcdon, Ireland. c Frequent in Scotland, and called the Black Eagle. —In the Peak of Derbjjhire. '^ In Scotland, and the f Orknies : coiiftantly breeds in Cumberland. c Scotland, Ireland. Not feen in the Northern counties in winter. £ The Gentil F, is probably only the young of the Gojhaiuk, h Shot at Halifax, in Yorkjbire, S u p p i. O o Rough ——

tSu LIST OF THE BIRDS

Falcon. F A L C 0. Synopfis. Supplem. Br. Zool. Syft. Nat. I.

- Rough -legged F. — p. I II. p. Norveglcus Ij 632 " Grey F. I. N°49 Grifeus II White Jerfalcon ' 21 47 IJlandus Brown Lanner '" - 21 51 Lanarius p. 129. N" 24 " Hen-Harrier 58 Cyaneus ' — 126 — 10 Ring-tail — 22 59 Pygargus — II Keftril — 25 60 7'innuncul us — 127 — 16 Sparrow-Hawk 26 62 Nifus - 130 — 31 Hobby " — 28 61 Subbuteo — 14 Merlin >" ~ 29 — 63 Mfalm

Genus IIL

Owl. S T R I

Great eared O. ' - Bubo — — —131 — 1 K -n6 40 64 Long-eared O. — 121 42 65 Otus ~ — — 132 — 4 * Short-eared O. ' - -124 66 Brachyotos — ' 43 — White O. — — -138 _46 67 Flammea — —133 — s Tawny O. — — 139 68 Stridula — — — 9 Brown O. — — -140 47 69 Ulula — — — 10 ' Little O. — -150 Paflerina — • — 12 jl 48 70

i Not very common. 1 have twice received it from Suffolk. Has alfo been {hot near London; ^ Once /liot at Halifax, in VorkJIiire. ' Inhabits the North of Scotland, m Once caught in a decoy in J^incolnfiire, " By fome late obfervations it fliould feem that the Hen-Harrier and Ringtail differ only in fex. " The Hobby fuppofed to migrate hence in O^aber. P The Merlin does not appear in the South till towards the luinter : breeds in Scotland, alfo in Cumberland. 1 This fpecies is very rarely feen in England. ^ Appears with us in Oiiober--'i^\A to come andgowitlv the Woodcocki hence by fome called the Woodcock O^vl, ' Exceedingly rare in England.

R £ £ R ' •

OF GREAT BRITAIN. 2?J

Order II. PIES.

Genus IV.

SynopGs. Supplem. Br. Zool. Shrike. L A N I U S. Syft. Nat. I, ^" fGreat cinereous Sh. I. p. 1 60 — p. 51 I. N» 71 Excubitor p. 135 — 11 fRed-backed Sh. " - 167 52 72 Collurio — — 136 — It fWood Chat ' — 169 73 Rufus —

Genus XII.

Crow. C R V U S. -— 1— Raven -367 74 74 Corax — — 15s ^ 2 Crow — .370 75 75 Corone — — J Rook — -372 76 76 Frugllegus — — -156 - 4 * « Hooded Cr. -374 77 77 Cornix — — 5 Jackdaw — -378 78 81 Monedula — — —. — 6

Glandarius . Jay — '384 79 79 — — 7 Magpie — -392 80 78 Pica — — 157 — 13 " Nutcracker -400 82 II. p. 625 Caryocatadtes — 10 II Red-legged Cr. -401 I. N° 80 Graculus >— •^ -158- iS

Genus XIII. R O L L E R* ICORACIAS. Garrulous R.^ •— =•406 II. p. 624 Garrula =- —159 —

Genus XIV.

O R I O ti E. O R r o L u s. I ^ Golden O. II. p. 4491 —— 89! — p. 626 Galbula — — — 160

' " this This fpecies not common ; mod fo in the South of England. Only feen in fummef. Both and the laft breed with us, but depart in autumn i this is not uncommon. ' Exceedingly fcarce. I never yet met with it. * Breeds both in Scotland and Ireland, Not feen in the South, except in the ivinter months. " Scarce ever met with in England. y Has only once or twice been fliot in this kingdom, ^ Is now and theh met With in England. O02 Genus " )

284 LIST OF THE BIRDS Genus XIX.

C U C K w. Synopfis. Supplem. Br. Zool. C U C U L u s. Syft. Nat. I. f Common C. — II. p. 509 — p. 98 I. N° 82 Canorus — — p. 168. N" I Genus XX. Wryneck. Y U N X. t' Common Wr. — 548 —103 83 Torquilla — — —172 — I- Genus XXI.

Woodpecker. P I c u s.

^ Great black W. 104 Martius — I tl 560 — —173 Greater fpotted W. 564 —'— 107 8s Major — —176 — 17 Middle fpotted W. 565 id. 86 Medius — — — 18 Lefler fpotted W. - 566 id. 87 Minor — — 19 Hairy W. ^ — 108 Villofus 16 jl 572 — —17s — Green W. — — 577 no 84 Viridis — — 12

Genus XXIII.

KiNGSFISHER. A L C E D 0. Common K. — —626 -~riiS 88 Ifpida — — —179— 3 Genus XXIV.

Nuthatch, S I T T A. j European N. — 648 117 89 Europsea — — —177 — s Genus XXVII.

Hoopoe. I U P U P A.

Common H. '' — -122 Epops —183 — I II 687 90 — — j Genus XXVIIL

Creeper. C E R T H I A.

Common Cr. — 701 •126 91 Familiaris —184

' Has been met with in the South of England : now and then faid to have been feen in De'vonjh'ire, *> This is a fcarce fpecies. c Lately found to inhabit Torl/foire. ^ Oftener met with in England than is generally fuppofed: I have had more than- one or two proofs of its breeding here. O R*D E R OF GREAT BRITAIN. 285

Order III. PASSERINE.

Genus XXX.

. Supplem. Syft. Stare. SynopGs. Br. Zool. S T U R N U S, Nat. I.

Common St. — III. p. 2 — P-I37 I.N" 104 Vulgaris p. 290. N" r Genus XXXI.

Thrush. T U R D U S, Miffel Thr. — 16 Vifcivorus — — — — 291 r Throftle — 18 139 Muficus — 290 — 4 * — 22 id. Iliacus — —~ Redwing — — 3 * Fieldfare — 24 Pilaris — — 291 — 2 Blaclcbird — — 43 -141 Merula — — 295 — 22 = Ring Ouzel — 46 . id. Torquatus — 296 — 23 Water O. ^ — 48 •142 Cinclus (Stumiis, Lin.) 290 — S llRofe-coloured Thr.s 50 - id. II. p. 627 Rofeus — .— 294 — IS

Genus XXXII.

Chatterer. A MP E LIS.

Ch. t^ -> Garrulus I Waxen 9' i — —I— 297 — Genus XXXIV.

Grosbeak. L ox I A.

' Common Crofsbil! -106 115 Curviroftra — 299 — I Hawfinch '' — -109 "3 Coccothrauftes — 2 - Pine Grofbeak. ' — -II I id. -IJ4 Enucjeator 3 Greenfinch — 134 -152 -117 Chloris — 304 — 27 Bulfinch — — •143 • id. •116 Pyrrhula — 300 — 4

e Breeds in the North of £;;^/«Kif ; in IVales ^iXiA Scotland \ feen in the South only in y^r/wf and (5ra/a;««, during f it5 migrations. Inhabits chiefly the northern parts of this kingdom. 8 Rare in England ; has teen (hot in Norfolk, Lancajhire, and once near London. h Not commonly met with in the South, yet more frequent than the laft-named. ' Sometimes vifits us in vaft flocks. ^ Now and then met •with in England, perhaps may fometimes breed here, as it has been feen in the fiimmer months. ^ Inhabits Scotland only, breeding in the/w^-forefls. Genus = =

286 LIST OF THE BIRDS

Genus XXXV.

Synopfis. Br, Zool. Syft. Nat, I. Bunting. Emberiza. ( " Snow B. — L N Nivalif? — p. 308. N" I Tawny B. " = Frigida — Mountain B. ° — Montana — Yellow B. ~ Citrinella — ~ 309 — 5 Common B. — Miliaria — — 308 — 3 Reed B. — — — 157 Schsniclus - 311 — 17 '• Solitaria — !l Green-headed B,

Genus XXXVII. Finch. Frinoilla. Houfe Sparrow =248 -163 .127 Domeftica 323 36 Tree Sparrow ^ -252 - id. •128 Montana — 324 37 Chaffinch — -257 .165 -125 Cselebs — 318 3 * Brambling ' 261 -126 Montifringilla 4 Goldfinch — -281 -1/4 Carduelis — 7 * Sifkin — -289 166 -129 Spinus — 25

Common Linnet -302 .130 Linot a •— Greater Redpole -304 -167 131 Cannabina Lefler D" — -305 . id. -132 Linaria •— Mountain Linnet -307 ->33 Pipilans = Var. A. 'IVite - id. - id.

G E N U S XXXVIII.

Flycatcher, MuS C I CAPA. t Spotted Fl. -323 •134 Grifola — — — 328 — 20 t Pied F!. — - -324 '»35 Atricapilla — — — 326 — 9

" " ° Moftly found in the North of England; rarely in the South, P Caught in Maryle-Bon-feldt near London. 1 Chietiy found in Lancajbire, Lincohjhire, and Yirkjhire. ' Sometimes comes into EngloJid in vaft flocks, and mixes with the Cbaffinchei,

Genus OF GREAT BRITAIN. 287

Genus XXXIX.

Zool. Syft. Nat. I. JL A R K. Synopfis. SuppleiTii Br. A L A U D A.

Sky Lark — Arvenfis — p. 287. N" Wood L. — Arborea — TitL. — Pratenfis — Field L. — Igrejih — Red L. » Penjllvanica II Lefiercrefled L. CrijMella — II

Genus XL.

Wagtail. Motaci lla.

White W. — -395 178 •142 Alba — — 331 — II Grey W. ' _ — -398 - id. -144 Boarula — t Yellow W — -400 •179 143 Flava — - 331 — 12

Genus XLL

Warbler. Sylvia {MoMwV/a, Lin.)

Nightingale — -408 i«o 145 Lufcinia — — - 328 — t -f t Greater Pettychaps -413 Simplex — — t Leffer D° — - id. 149 Hippolais .— — . 330 _ 7 Hedge W — — -419 .150 Modularis — — • 329 — 3 t Redftart — — -421 -146 Phoenicurus — • 335 — 34 t White-throat — -428 -160 Commufiis — — \ Grafshopper W. - -429 156 Trivialis {jilaada, Lin.) • 288 — s t Sedge W. — -430 •180 -155 Salicaria — — . 330 — 8 *? Dartford W. " — -435 -181 -161 Dartfordienfis — Redbreaft — — -442 -147 Rubecula — — — 337 — 4S

» ' Now and then met with in the neighbourhood of London ; but more common in America, Breed*

in the North of England ; only feen in the South during the nxinter months. " This is probably only a •winter inhabitant, at leaft it has not yet bten feen in the Jummer feafon in the South of England,

Stone 288 LIST OF THE BIRDS

Warbler. Synojjfis. Supplem. Br. Zool. Sylvia. Syft. Nat. I.

Stone Chat — r. N=> 159 Rubicola Whin Chat — 158 Rubetra f Wheat Ear — -— 182 '57- Oenanthe Grey D°. Var A. Append. d. (3. — t 1 Common Wren — 154' Troglodytes Gold-crefted Wr. -. '53 Regulus — + Yellow Wr. — 151 Trochilus + D° Var. — 152 Acredula t Reed Wr. " — — 184 Arundinacea tLefferWhite-throae^ —^185 SylvieUa

Genus XLIII.

I T M O U S A R U S. T. Great -530 162 Major — 341 ~ 3 " Colemoufe -540 189 •164 Ater - 7 Marfh T. -541 - id. -1,65 Paluftrls 8 Blue T. -543 -163 Cseruleus 5 Long-tailed -550 -190 -166 Caudatus — 342 — II Bearded T. -552 - id. -167 Biarmicus 12

Genus XLIV.

S W A L t W. H I R U N D 0.

t Chimney Sw. — .561 -192 168 Ruftica — — 343 — I t Martin — -564 - id. 169 Urbica — — 344 — 3 t Sand M. — -568 -170 Riparia — — 4 t Swift — — -584 .171 Apus — — 6

Genus XLV. Goatsucker. ICaprimulgus.

t European G. — -5931 ——172 Europaeus • — |— 346 —

V w Newly-difcovered fpecies. I apprehend the latter to be the Motacilla Sjhia of Linnaus, rather than the White-throat, as is by fome fuppofed. ^ It is by many held in doubt, whether or not this and the atxt are diftinft fpecies. x No doubt breeds in England, as I have met with it at all feafons.

Order OF GREAT BRITAIN.

Order IV. COLUMBINE. Genus XLVL

Pigeon, Synopfis. Supplem. Br* Zool. Co L U M B A. Syft. Nat. 1.

Stock P. — IV. p. 604 p. 197 I. N° roi Oenas — — p. 279. N° r Ring P, — _ — 635 198 102 Palumbus — — 282 — 19 — + Common Turtle — 644 199 103 Turtur — — — 284 — 3* t Spotted-necked D° — 645 200

Order V. GALLINACEOUS.

Genus XLVII. Peacock. P A V 0. j Crefted P. — -668 ^— 278 Criftatus — — | — 267 t II Genus XLVIII.

Turkey. MelE AGR IS. i

J Common T. — -6761 ——203 282 Gallopavo —1— 2!6S — t Genus XLIX.

U I Pintado. IN M D A. j J Guinea P. — .685 Meleagris —J— 273 — i

Genus LI. Pheasant. Phasianus.

X Cock and Varieties 700 - ' 207 279 GaVlus — — — 270 — I Pheafant — 712 2&0 Colchicus —•— 271 — 3 Ring D". Var. ^ — 715 208 t Painted Ph. " — 717 Piaus — — — 272 — s J Pencilled Ph. — 719 Nydhemerus — _ — 6

z A beautiful variety. Has been many times fhot at large, and no doubt will foon become as plentiful as the common fpecies. * Has been found at large feveral timesj and poffibly may hereafter become common. SUPPI. -> P? GsNUS — —

2^0 LIST OF THE B I R B S

Gen u s LIII.

Synopfis. Supplem. I G R u s. Br. Zool. T E T R A 0. Syft, Nat. I.

Wood Gr. " - IV. I. N" Urogallus I II p. 729 92 P- 273 N" Black Gr. — 733 213 93 1 etrix — 274 — % Spurious Gr. Var. 214 id. Hybridus I II 734 273 — & Ptarmigan — 741 95 Lagopus — 274 — 4. Red Gr, - 746 216 94 Scoticus

E N U S LIV.

Partr id g e. PeRDIX [Tetrao, Un.) Common P. — 762 96 Cinerea — — 276 — ij Guernfey P. = — -768 -220 Rufa — — 12 II — 276 Common Quail — -779 -222 97 Coturnix — 278 — 20

Genus LVI.

Bu S T A R D, Otis. Great B, 796 "' .98 Tarda 264 I » 8 Little B. 799 226 99 Tetrax — — 3 Thick-kneed B. 806 -100 OedicnemUS ffiharadnus) ^5S 10

*> This Genus, for the moft part, inhabits only the more Northern counties ; the firft fpecies fo.und only in highlands of Scotland, where at this prefent it is very rare. c d Now and then met with at large in England; but as both of them prefer the warmer climatei^ it is i«arce probablt that they will ever become common in this iiland^

Div. m 2

OF GREAT BRITAIN. m

D I V. II. WATER-BIRDS.

Order VII. With Cloven Fest. Genus LX.

Spoonbill. Synopfis. Supplem. Br. Zoo!. Platalea. Syft. Nit. Ii

White Sp. " V. p. — II. p. Leucorodia N* I I — 13 p. 634 p. 231. Genus LXV.

Heron. A R 6 E A.

Common Crane ^ — Grus — — — II 40 629, 234 4 White Storks — Ciconia — — 7 I 47 234 235 " - II I Night Heron — 53 id. NyiSicorax — — 9 Bittern — -— Sb - id. N° 174 Stellaris — 239 — 21 Little B. * — 66 Minuta — 240 — 26 II -235 P- 63^ Common Heron — 83 - id. N' 173 Cinerea — 236-1 i-i I Egret " — — 90 P- 631 Garzetta — 237 — 13 Great Wh. Heron' N» Alba — — fl 91 175 239 24 "^ $ African — — -237 Rutila

Genus LXVI.

Ibis. Tan t'a l u s.

Gloffy I.» "5 Igneus —* f — I Genus LXVII. Curlew. NuMENIUS(5«/ofa*Lin.)

Common C. -119 —p. 242 -176 Arquatus —- — 242 — 3 Whimbrel — -123 -177 Phseopus — — 4 — ->-- H. Pygmy' -127 Pygmaus —

« Very rare. A flock of them migrated into the marfhes near Yarmouth, in 1774.. ^ Said to be common in England many years ago, now fcarce ever met with. 6 Has twice been met with in thit b i kingdom. One ftiot near Z.(Wi/o» in lySi. Only two or three times feen in £»^/a»i/. k 1 Once faid to be plentiful here, now very rarely met with. m One (hot in AJhdawn Park, Berks; an African n fpecies ? Chiefly inhabits RuJJia; one in the Lewerian Mufeum, fliot in Cornivall. ° Two only upon record ; one met with in Holland, the other (hot laft year near Sandwich, in Kent. The weight of

this fpecimen was almoft i ounces, length 8| inches, breadth 151 inches, bill i| inch ; the edges of all the fcathers a Very pale oker inftead of white. Dr. Leith feems to think that he has met with this bird in the nurihct near Creenivieb, in the month of Augujl. Ppa - Genws ' = —

292 LIST O F T H E B I H D S

Genus ' LXVIIL

Snipe. SCOLOPAX. Syft. Nat. r.

Woodcock Rufticola — p. 243. N» 6 Great Snipe p Media — II * Common Snipe Galiinago — 244 — 7 * Jack Sn. Gallinula — 8 Red God wit 1 Lapponica — 11 — 246 15 Common G. /Egocephala — i6-

. Var. A. Var. Cinereous G. ' Cineracea — II Cambridge G. Cantabrigienjts 11 Jadreka Sn. " Limofa — 11 245 13 * Greenftiank Glottis — 245 lO'. Spotted S.n. Totanus — 1 2' jl Redfli-ank — Calidris — 245 11:.

Genus LXIX.

S ANDPrP ER. T R r N G A, + Ruff — -192 Pugnax -247 E Lapwing — -190 Vanellus -248 2 Gambet Gambetta 11 -198 3 * Grey S. -igi Squatarola -252 * Green S. -201 Ocropus -250 13 Var. A. Var. * Afti-coloured S. Cinerea F ^ Common S. Hypoleucos —250 — 14 m— I Spotted S. Maeularia —249 — 7 Purre — Cinclus — — —251 — 18

. Var. A Little S. Pufilla — «— — — 20 jl 25j2 Dunlin — 249 Alpina — —249 — II Red S. — Icelandica — Addend. t Knot — Canutus — —251 — IS- Turnftone 249 Interpres — —248 — 4. ____Var. A. Morinella — —248 — 6

p Has twice been (hot in Kent, and once in Lancajhire : is a very rare fpecies. 1. Only has been met with twice in England, ' A fingle fpecimen fliot in Liiicglnjhire, 5 Once fliot near Cambridge, Greenwich* II —

OF GREAT BRITAIN. 293

Sandpiper. Synoplis. Supplem. Br. Zool. T R IN G A. Syft. Nat. I.

Greenwich S.' V. p. - - p. 249 ir. — Grenovicenjts Brown S. " —250 — 195 Fufca — Black S.' — 251 ' 197 Leucura —

Genus LXX.

* With a ftraight Bill.. PtO r ER. Charadrius.

PI. - Golden — 193 252 208 Pluvialis — — - 254 — 7 Long-legged PI. — 195 id. 209 Himantopus — - — II li 255 Sanderling — — X97 253 212 Calidris — ^ 9 + Ringed PI. — 201 211 Hiaticula — — - 253 — I t Dotterel — 208 253 •^^210 MorinelJus — - 254 — 5 Var. A. — 209

* * With a curved Bill.

II 1

Cream-coloured PL" n td . Curfor — 11 —

Genus LX XI. Oyster-Catcher. Hjematopus.

Pied 0. C. — 219 213 Oftralegus — —257 -^ I Genus LXXII.

Rail. R A L L u s.

Water R. — , 227 214 Aquaticus — — 262 — 2

Genu s LXXV. Gallinule. Gallinula, (JJ

t Crake G. — 250 216 Crex {Rallu!) — — 261 — 1 Gommon G. — 258 217 Chloropus (Fulica) — -258- 4- Spotted G. 1^—264 215 Porzana {Raihi) — — 262 — !| — 3

* A fingle fpccimen fhot near Greenmuich, in Kent, u Once met with in the London marl-et. " A bird of this fpecies was (hot in Lincobijhire. « Two only on record have been met with Europe, the one in France^ the other in England, (hot in Kent, and in my own colIe(5lion. O R D E S —

294 LIST OF THE BIRDS

Order VIIL With Pinnated FeeTc

Genus LXXVII.

Phalarope. Syiiopfis. Supplem. Br. Zool. Phalaropus, Syft. Nat, I. {Tritiga, Lin.)

» Red Ph. — V. p, 271 — p. — II.N°2i9 Fulicarius p. 249, N" 10 Grey Ph. ^ — • 272 218 Lobatus — — - 8

Genus LXXVIII.

Coot. F U L I G A.

Common C. 275 — p. 259 -22& Atra -257 t Greater C. -277 -221 Aterrima 258 3

Genus LXXIX. Grebe. PODICEPS, (Colymbui, ^in.) Crerted Gr. "^ — 281 -223 Criftatus — —222 — r Tippet Gr. » — 283 -222 Urinator — —223 — 9 Eared Gr. — — 285 -224 Auritus — .—222 — 8 Duflcy Gr. — 286 -225 Nigricans — Red-necked ^ - — II Gr. 288 -260 Ruficollis Little Gr. — 289 -226 Minutus — " - 11 Black-chin Gr. 292 -227 Hebridalis

* 7 Both of thefe extremely rare in this kingdom. ^ * Thefe twd ire probatly only one Tpe- «ies, the laft not in full plumage. ^ But lately difcovered in this kingdom. « Not hitherto met with, txcept in the Hebridef,

Order —

OF GREAT BRITAIN. 29s

Order IX. Web-footed.

* With long Legs. Genus LXXX.

A V O S E T. SynopHs. Supplem. Br. Zool. Syft. Nat. I, j Recurvirostra. Scooping Av, — jV. p, 293 — P- 263 II.N''228 Avofetta — — p. 256. N" I

* * With fliort Legs. Genus LXXXIV.

Auk. A L C A.

Great A. 3" 229 Fmpennis • 210. N' fl Puffin — 314 232 ArcSica — 211 — Razor-billed A. ^ 319 264 230 Torda — — 210 — Black-billed A." — 320 231 Pica — Little A. — — 327 233 AUe — 211 —

Genus LXXXV.

Guillemot. UrIA, {Co!ymlus, Lin.) Foolifli G. f — —329 —.265 234 Troile — — 220 — Leffer G. b — 33' 235 Ringuia — — Black G. — — 332 265 236 Grylle — - — 220 — ———Spotted Var. -—334 id. Genus LXXXVI. Dive r. CoLYMBUS.

{Northern D. — 337 237 Glacialis — 221 5 mber D. — — 340 238 Immer — 222 6 Speckled D. — 341 239 Stdlatus — Arifticus H Black-throated D. 343 240 — 221 4 Red -throated D. — 344 241 Septentrionalis 220 3

* e Thefe two are one and the fame fpecies, the latter being a young bird. * t Theft two kirUs are likewife fuppofed to be tlie fame, in different ftages of life, the laft not in fall plumage. Genus ' -

296 LIST OF THE BIRDS •^y'^'

Genus- LXXI till.

Syft. Nat. 1. 1 E R N. Synopfii. Supplem. Br. Zoo!. Sterna.

t Sandwich T* — p. 266 Sandvicenfis t ^—Var. A. Naevia — p. 228. N° 5? f Common T. II.N°254 Hirundo — — 227 2 t LelTer T. 255; Minuta — — 228 — 4 t Black T. -267 256 Fiffipes — — 7 Brown T. '' 253 Fufca —

Genus LXXXIX,

Gull. L. a r u s.

Black-backed G. ' -VI.p,37i 242 Marinus — 225 — 6 Herring G. '" — 372 246 Fufcus — 7 Wagel " — — —375 247 Naevius — — 5 Common G. — 378 7—249 Canus ^— 224 — 3 Black-headed G. ° — 380 268 - Ridibundus 225 — — 252 ? Red-legged G. p — -381 — — 252A. Cinerarius 224 4-' Var. A. 382 "— ' Erythropus I Brown-headed G.'' 383 Winter G. — —384 248 Hylernus — Skua — — 385 243 Catarra£les • 226 — II Black-toed G. ' — 387 268 244 Crepidatus J Ardic G- — 389 245 Parafiticus 226 — lO Tarrocks — — 392 • 251 Tridadtylus 224 — 2 Var. A. — 393 268 Kittiwake ' — id. 2.50 Riffa — — 224 — I

Genus XC. Petrel. Procellaria. — Fulmar P. — 403 I 257 Glacialis — - Shearwater P, — • 406 269 258 Puffinus — P. id. Pelagica — — Stormy — — 411 ^— | 259

i i ^ h Till lately was confounded with the other Terns ; is the young bird. A doubtful fpecies. 1 " " Tliefe three may poffibly hereafter prove to be of the fame fpecies, of which the laft is either the female, or young bird in imperfeft plumage. ° P Thefe two differ alfo from age : p is a bird of the firft year, as this fpecies does not gain its black head till the fecond. s A rare ipecies; at firtt fight differs not gtea.t\y hom the black-headed, but on examination feems diftlnft. Very in rare ; one recorded to have been (hot near Oxford, and another killed near Horjham, in Sujfex : now my ^ * Probably differing «olle6lion, only in fex or age. Genus •^ —

OF GREAT BRITAIN-. 297

Genus XCI.

Synopfis. SupDlem. Br. Zopl. Merganser. I M E R G U S. Syft. Nat. 1.

I Goofander" - p. 270 ;n.N°26o Mersanfer p'. 208 N° Dun-diver ' id. — id. Caftor — — 209 — Red-breafted M. - 271 — 261 Serratof — 208- Smew — id. —262 Alhellus — — 209 — Minute M. —263 Mlnutus — — id. —

Genus XCII. Du C K. Anas.

!|XVhiftling Swan - -433 -272 -264 Cygnus (ferus) — 194 I X Mute Swan -43^ -265 (manfuetus) - id. X China Goofe -447 Cygnoides 2 Var. A. - id. J Canada G. -450. Canadenfis — — — 198 14 I j^Igyptian G. -453 iEgyptiaca 197 — lO Red-breaftedG.^' RuficoUls — I'i -455 X Grey lag G. -459 -266 Anfer — — 197 * White-fronted G. -463 -268 rllbifrons — * Bean G. — -464 -267 Faha'ih — * Bernacle — -466 -2^9 Erythropus 197 II * Brent — -467 -270 Pernicla — 198 '3 Eider -271 Molliffima — . (1 G. -470 274 IS J Mofchovy -476 Mol'chata — 199 16 * Scoter — -480 273 Nigra — 196 7 * Velvet D. - id. -274 -272 Fufca — 196 6 X Mallard — -4S9 -279 Bofchas — 205 40 t Hook-billed -495 Adunca — 2c6 41 * Scaup D. -500 -275 Marila •— 196 8 Shieldrake — -504 -275 -278 Tadorna — 195 4 Shoveler •— - -509 -280 Clypeata — 200 19 Red-breafted D° -512 281 Ruf.gajier — P * Gadwall — -515 -288 Strepera — 20 * Wigeon — -518 -2S6 Penelope — — 202 27 Bimaculated D. " -521 -287 Glocitans — II * Pochard — -523 -284 Ferina — 20' 31 Ferruginous -526 -285 Rutila — II

u ' The Goofander and Dun-dlvei; from late obfervations, feem to be different fpecies, snd rot merely differing in fex, as generally thought. ^ Since the year 1766 three Ipecimens of this biid have been met with in England. * Once taken in a decoy in England, SUPPL. Q.q * Pintail -

298 LIST OF THE BIRDS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

Duck. Synopfis. Suppiem. Br. Zool. Anas. Syft. Nat. I.

* Pintail D. yi.p.526 Acuta — p, 202. N" 28 Long-tailed D. -—528 Hyemalis — — 202 29 II * Golden-eye — 535 Clangula — — 201 — 23 * Mori 11 on —537 Glaucion — 201 26 * Tufted D. HO Fuligula — — 207 — 45 * Gartraney 550 Querqaedula — 203 — 32 Teal ^ — 55^ p. 276 Crecca — — 204 — 33

Genus XCIV.

P £ Lie A NT. P E E E C A N U S.

Corvorant -593 • 279 •291 Carbo — 216 — 3 Shag — .598 -292 Graculus — — 217 — 4 Crefted Sh. -600 Crijlatus — -- Soland G. -608 280 -293 Baffanus — 217 s > Var. A. Append.

DIRECTIONS DIRECTIONS FOR THE L A

FRONTISPIECE. Kamstchatka Thrush. Plate CVII. Spectacle Owl - To face Page 5° CVIII. Malabar Shrike 56 CIX. Bankian Cockatoo - 63 ex. Red-billed Promerops -124 CXI. Harleqjjin Humming-Bird CXII. Capital Tanager - 162 CXIII. Lesser White-throat - 185 CXIV. Impeyan Pheasant - 208 CXV. Gigantic Crane - * - 232 CXVI. Cream-coloured Plover - 254 CXVII. Chinese Jacana - 256 CXVIII. Red-necked Grebe - 260 CXIX. Pink-headed Duck - 276

Q.q 2 ADDITIONAL —

CATALOGUEADDITIONAL AUTHORS.O F

jyORN. Phyf. Phyfikalifche Arbeiten der eintrachtigen Freunde in *-^ ^Vien.—Ignaz von Born. Wien, 410 1783. Faun. Arag.—Introduaio in OryiSographiam et Zoologiam Aragoniae, accedit enumeratio ftirpium in eadem regione noviter deteiStarum.— 8vo 1784, Hajfelq. foy. Eng. ed. Voyages and Travels in the Levant, in the Years J 749, 5oi 51, 52, by the late Fred. Haffelquifl, M. D. London, 8vo 1766. 'Jacquin Fog.—Jofeph Franz yon Jacquin Beytrag€ zur Gefchichte der Vogel. Wien. 410 1784. Sparrm. Muf. Carlf. Mufeum Carlfonianum, in quo novas ct fe- lecSlas Aves coloribus ad vivum, brevique defcriptione illuftratas, jiifTu et fumptibus generofiiumi poffeflbris, exhibet Andreas Sparrtnan. Faf- ciculus I. HolmiEj fol. 178&. Sparrm. Foy. A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, towards the an- tar

of the Hottentots and Caffres, from the year J 772 to 1776, by Andrew Sparrman, M. D. &c. ik-c, 2 vols. 410. London, 3785.

ADDITIONAL J

ADDITIONAL CORRECTIONS IN THE FORMER VOLUMES. ERRATA.

VOL. I. Page 52, line 6, for 26, read 56.

66, 21, or • of.

94, ——— z, ' cendrie, ——^ cendre. 94. 7> 17> '6. 178, 17. 124. 5-4- 180, 17, .^.^— 'verdatre ijerU. 330, 15, Cochical Cochisat.

351, ; 5. 556 566.

ibid, in the note, 1 planchees planchet. 394, in the margin, — AFRICAN, SENEGAL.

V O L. n. 553, 10, —- • t 672, -^-^— 2, after 10, pi. 43. 682, place the note at the bottom in page 683. 736, line 6, -for ir.chei read lines.

in.

88, 18, iv. . . iii. 91, 14, 299, 297. 120, • 2, after tach, ^&A feather. 139. 18, for 19, read 13. 143, 12, 6reaJ} — refi. 194, . 16, after i, add p. 311. 198, 17, dele belly 'while.

II, for 316, i 206, 31 307, 17, 148, 141 350, 8, 236, 327 35'. 18, 237, 327 3SS. 5' 237' 37Z CORRECTIONS IN' THE FORMER VOLUMES.

VOL. IV.

371, line 17, for p. read No. 378, o, 224, 22.5, read 216. 389, : 19, after Lark, add Br. Zaol. No. 141. 451, 8, for 23;, read 335. 463, . II, • 231, 331. 498, - 4, at the end, add /;// of the. 504, —^— 2, for iii. p. 344. read v. p. 343,

552, 19, • • 340, 342. 15S4, 16, —— Sjiecies, • Genus. 685, — " 13, 24, 42. 733> 2. 272, 274.

764, II, Cre/, ' rcfi.

V O L. V.

14.2, 21, 77, . 76. '59' $' '47' 247.

iSs, ' 2, 429, — 249. ^?So, 19, s.hsv doubly Tt&A fcrratta. VOL. VL 340, -~-^— 2, 232, read 222. 423, 25, after Goojander, Br. Zo»l. 464, 5, for 462, ——— 472. 509, 3, 77, 78, p. 21. 515, 21, N* 91, p. 21. 537' 4. z6, 36. Omitted in the Index, Tringa fufca, p. 225.

ERRATA in the Supplement.

98, in the Note, for Phalaui, read Phalterta. 161, line 21, for barbeta, read barbata.

INDEX. "

I N D 14

A DJUTANT — page 233 Blackbird — page 141 Jt\_ Agabue de terre 95 crelled — — s6 Boleta Aigle, Malabarre — 12 — — 3 rave — — 32 Bone-breaker — — 9 Akaiearooa — — 126 eater — — 233 Alcedo iipida — — "5 taker — — ib. Alferraz — 14 Boulboul — —53-57 Amaduvade — — 168 Brothers five ^ — ifi Amillc aho — — 42 Bugadee — — 252 Anas anfer — — ^73 Bum — — 46 autumnalis — — 274 Bumrauge — — 56 crecca — — 276 Bungummi — — 94 molliffima — — 274 Bunting, blark-crowned — JS9 viduata — — ^7S black-throated — 158 Apilk-mikefue — — i)-10 cinereous — — '59 Ardea nivea — — 236 Gaur — — 160 nyclicorax — 234 Maelby — — ib. llellaris — ib. ortolan — — ^S7 Ardeola -— — 235 painted — — 159 Argala — 233 reed — — '57 Afitchou achalhifh — _^ 1^8 fnow — — ib. Aunjua — — 235 white crowned — «59 Arolec — 265 yellow — — »57 Autour a ventre raye — 32 Bufe criarde — — 38 Buffcnbuddco — — 97 B. Buli:aid, Arabian — — izG Indian — 2l8 Barbetj doubtful — ^^ 96 little — — 226 grand — — PaiTarage — -- 2i8 Indian — 96 white-eared — 2.7 fpotted-bellied — 9? Buttore — — 241 wax-billed — — 96 Buzzard, common — — 14 honey — — 1 yellow-cheeked — 95 + Bauge — — 16 moor — — IS Bee-eater, common — '119 Coromandel — 1:0 Indian — — ib. C. yellovv-tuAeJ — ib. Bittern — — 2^4 Caho de Coromandel - 67 little — — 23s de Gin?i — — 7' Suppt. Canary- - •— —— ... .

N D X.

Canary. loiter page S' Cowpen — page 165 Caprimulgus — 194 Crakoli — 25-3

Certhia famiHarij — — 126 Crane:, gigantic — — 252 melanura — — 134 Indian — — ib. muraria — - 129 Crax Cumancnfis — •^ 20; Chaffinch — — .i6j pipile — _. lb. Ciiaha — — 245 -25s Creepler, African — — 127 Chatterer, red-winged 146 a(h-bellied — , 130 Cheela — — 3J barred-tail — ^_ '33 Chep-flarling — — 137 black and blue ^^ 123 Chepller — — ib. blue — — ib. Cherry deanifh — — 70 rumped — 131 Cheucquoir — — 220 common — — 126 Chouama — — 21 famous — ^^ 128 Churge — — 22S hook- billed —126 -127 Churre — — 223 indigo — 130 Cockatoo — — 63 long-billed — "33 Cock, domeftic — — 207 mocking — _ 129 Columba Caribaea — 199 orange-backed •32 corenfis — — 201 red -backed ib. cyanocephala — 200 billed — — 133 Indica — — 198 fnufF-coloured — 129 oenas — • '97 tufted — — 132 palumbus — .98 wall — — 129 paflerina — — 200 wattled — — ib. perdix — — 197 yellow-bellied — 131 ftriata — — 200 wina:ed — 133 turtur — — 199 Crofsbill — — 148

Coly, green — — H7 Crow,. bare-necked — — 79 Indian — — ib. carrion — — 7S Colymbus — — 260 hooded — _ 77 Condur — — I Macao — 84 Coot — — 259 New Guinea 78 Coracias garrula — — 85 pheafant — _ lOI Corvoranc — — 279 Philippine — __ 78 Corvus argyropthalmus ^ — 81 purple-headed _ 83 caryocataftes — 82 red-billed — — 95 corax — — 7+ legged -— — 82 cornix — — 77 rufous — — 84 corone — — 75 fiiort- tailed — 81 glandarius — 79 Surinam — — ib. gracula — — 82 Cucko \v, black — —96-99 monedula — — 78 common — 98 pica — — 80 crefled — — loo totus niger — — 142 Egyptian — — ib. Coucou noir — —96-102 grey-headed — 102 Coudey — — 257 honey — — 10 Cowal — — 145 Sonnerat's — J02 Coweel — — 9 Cuculii» canorus — — q8 Cucufus . . . —^ -_i . . • ..

N D X.

Cuculus ferratus — age I CO Emberlza citrinella — page 157 Curaffow, Cumana — — hortulana 20J — ib. galeated — — 206 Maelbyenfis — 160 piping — — 205 fchoeiiiclus — 157 Curlew, common — — 242 Engang — Efkimaux — — 69 Hudfonian — white-headed Curucui, blue-cheeked fafciated — — ib. Fako aeruginofus __ .... Indian — I! — ib. apivorus — — Cufabatefliifli — ™ '59 buteo _ _^ ib! Cheriway _- .^^ s chryfaetos — ; D. 10 cyaneus __ __ 22 fulvus — __ 10 Dotterel ~— — 253 fufcus — — Dove, ground — 36 — 201 gen tills «^ ^_ Drongo — 17 — 56 halistus — -^.. Duck, barred-headed — '3 277 lanarius — __ 2t Eider — — 274 milvus , grey-headed — 27 nifus — .... main J 76 — — 274 oflifraga — _ pink-headed — 9 276 palumbariuj _^ 16 Spanilh — " 27s rurticolus — .^ i8 velvet — — — *74 fubbuteo . 28 weftern — — 275 tinnunculus —_ whillling — 25 — 27+ torquatus — 22 Dullpee — — 257 vefpertinus — .^.. 27 Dungbird — — 2 Falcon, American «« __ Dun-diver — — 38 270 Afiatic — __ 31 bay _ ^^ •9 Eehree _^ „,.^ E. 35 black and white .,^, 20 necked ._ Eagle, bald — 3" ^ 9 Cheela ^^ ^_^ black 33 — — il-IO chocolate _^ ,^^ ^" '9 black-cheeked II collared — cinereous — 'S ib. crefled 10 golden — — 10 >_ criard _^ 33 Malabar — IZ dubious •_ ^., plaintive — — 4 du(ky — 36 Pondicherry — 12 gentil — r— 17 ring tailed — 10 great-billed — 27 fea — — 9 Greenland — 36 white — "— IZ grey — ib. crowned "— '3 hen-harrier 22 headed — 9 Ingrian — Ece eve 27 _ — 127 Johanna — SUPPL, %2 R r Falco'n, > . ^ .

N D E X.

Fdlcon, L'evenan — page 31 Flycatcher, paradife psge i/a Maditgafcar 32 pailerine — 175.

- notched — — 34- Phcebe — ' — 173, peregrine — — 18 fociety — 174 Flacentia — — 19 white-fronted — 175 plain — — 38 yellow-bellied — 173 plumbeous — 37 Foule haioo — — 129 red-throated — 26 Fouquet, petit — — 267 rhomboidal — 35 Fowl, coloured — — 210 ring-tail — — 22 golden — — 209 rough- legged — 18 Fringi,11a .^thiops — — 165 rufous-headed — 33 albo ocracea — 169 flreaked — — 34 ccslebs — — 165 tiny — — 39 cannabina -_ 167 white-necked — 30 Carthaginienfis — i6q Faucon a collier — — 21 lepida — — .6^ Faux perdrieux — — I? montana — — 163 finch, Araaduvade — 16& rufo barbata — 161 beautiful — — ib. fpinus — — 166 black-faced — — 164 teftacea — — 170 Carthagena — — 169 Fu]ic£! ^thiops — — 259 Chinefe — — i6i atra — — ib. Cowpen — — .65 leucoryx — — ib. flax — — ib. Martinicenfis — 258 gloffy — — ib. gold — — 166 imperial — — 169 G. lepid — — 167 lovely — — 168 Gannet — — zSo Nootka — — 170 Gallinule, Martinico 258 oker — — 169 Gar^:1 blanca — — 237 rufty-collared — 170 Gaur — — 160: tellaceous — — ib. Geay de la Chine ..^ — 83 tree — — 163 Ghoori tetur — — 221 white-throated — 166 Gnat.•fnapper — ..« 102 yellow-throated — 168 Goat- fucker, Bombay — '95 Flfchal-bird — — 51 European — 194 Flamingo — — 263 Indian — 196 Flerche — — 229 fharp tailed ' — '95 Flycatcher, African — '75 "Virginia — '94 azure — ; 172 Gobe -mouches — 56 black — — ib. Godwit, common — — Z45

Bourbon . — 171 Hudionian — 246 Cayenne — '73 marbled — — 245 flammeous 171 Goofe, black backed — 272 gold- throat — '73 cole — — 279 hanging — 17 + ruddy — — 273: lefler crefled t>— ib. _' tame — ib. aitid. — — '73 Gofliawk — — 16 S Gounghill • - •

N D. X.

GounghiH — page 237 Gull, black-headed — page 268 Grakle, crefted — 93 toed — ib.

dial . — 91 tarrock — — ib. minor — 90 purple — ib. yellow-faced 91 H. Grebe, red-necked — 260 Greenfliank — 245 Haddai — — 34 Grimpereau a dos rouge «32 Hadelde — — 242 de IVIalacca 13' Hagedafch — — ib. fiffieur 132 Hainga -^ — 66 verd — 131 Hanging-bird — — '74 Grofbeak, adi-headed "55 Harfang — — 45 Afiatic — J53 Hawfinch — — 148 black-bellied ib. Hawk, moufe — - — 41 brown-cheeked 154 pigeon — — •— ^l Cape — 149 fparrow - — z6 cardinal — ISO Heoro-taire — — 127 Dominican 15' Heron, African — — 237 dwarf — '54 cinnamon — — 235 eaftern — 155 Coromandel — — 237 fafciated '54 Lohaujung — — 238 Flamingo 15s nigh: — — 234 gold-backed 149 fnowy — — 236 green — 15Z violet — — ib. Hamburgh '53 yellow-necked — 239 Java — '5' Hibon de Coromandel — 44 Madagafcar 150 de la Chine — — ib. Malacca 152 Hirundo domeftica — — 192 paradife — 150 urbica — — ib. pine — 148 Hobby — — z8 thick-billed 152 orange-breafted — ib. Totty — '56 Hocco — — 206 -Grous, black — 213 Honeft-face — — 95 Helfingian — 217 Hoohoo — — 127 long tailed — 212 Hoopoe — — 122 Namaqua — 215 Horn bill, Gingi — — 71 red — 216 green-winged — 73 Rehufak — ib. grey — — 72 rock — 217 New Holland — ib. ru-Ted — 21; pied — — .69 fharp-tail — 212 rhinoceros — lb. fpotted — 214 wreathed — — 70 fpurious — ib Humming-bird, harlequin — 35 -fhoulder-knot 215 mango — ib. Guepi'er jaune — 120 patch-nec ked ib. Guillemot, black — 26s ruff necked ib. ' foolifli — ib.

Rr J. Jabiru, . . • —. 2 —

N D E X.

J. L.

Jabiru, Indian — page 231 Lark, black — page 177 Jacamar — — 113 Calandre lb. Jacana, Chinefe — — Z56 Larus ridibundus — 26g Indian — — Laemmer geyer 257 I Luzonian — — 256 Lanius collurio — 52 Jackdaw — — 78 excubitor 5» Jaunghill — — 240 Lanner — • 21 Jay — — 79 Lefkoy, or Leuquoy Cayenne — — 80 Linnet, white — 165 red-billed — — ib. Lohaujung ^ 238 white-eared — — 83 Long-tongue — 103 Ibis, black-headed — . 240 Looloo — coco -^ .— 241 Lory, fcarlet — .^ li ' white-headed — — 240 Loxia chloris — 152 Jean le blanc — — 12 coccothraulles — 148 Jerfalcon — — 21 flaraengo — ^5S Ju-loang — — »«; minima — 154 Junco — —341- pyrrhula 152 Jurra — — 16 totta • z 156 Luglug — — 257

M. Kaenne - 76 Kakakew — 74- Maccaw, Brafilian — 58 Kaykay —63-66 military — — ib. Keftril Magpie — — 8i Kethewuck-micheAie Mamat — 170 Keuvitt — — 241- Manakin, ilriped-headed — 188 K.immewan-apaykute(hi{h — 183 Mango-bird — — 89 Kingsfiflier, Amazonian — 116 Martin — 144-192 belted — — ib. MafterofRice — — 70 black-capped May-may — — 106 blue-headed — lb. Mekifewe paupaftaow — 109 Cape — — 114 Merganfer — — 271 common — ns Mergus caftor — — 270 facred — — 114 crillatus — — 271 Kilkemanafue — — J16 ferratus «— — 270 Kite — 17 Merle huppe, petit _ — — S3 Arabian — — 34 Merlin — — 29 Bramany — — 1 Merops apiafter — — 119 •Koato-o-oo — — 114 Minor — — 90 K.oenai — — 76 Mifliee quafqua ropa ihilh — 249 Komilbark-papanafew — 16 Moho — — ito -- Kottorea — 95 Moina — — 90 Kueronden <— — 12 Monaul — — — 209 Kuill — — 99 Monichjore — Moon • • .

N D X.

Moori — page 91 Owl, Ceylonefe — page 4< Moory — cinereous — 204 — 45 Mcroc — — 101 Coromandel ^ 44 Motacilla alba — — 178 eared, Chinefe _ lb. arundinacea — 184 great — _ 40 bo;;'-ula — — 178 long — 42 fl^.va — — «79 red — «^ ib. lufcinia — — 180 fhort ._ 43•J oenanthe - — ib. Virginian — 40 fyJvia — — .8; little — — 48 Mouth -piece — — 709 mountain — ... 5° Mowa — — -57 New Zealand — 48 Mungul — — 152 fcops — — 43 fnowy — — 4S ^^ N. footy — ib. fpeckled — — 46 fpeftdcle Negho barra — SO — 129 wapacuthu — Nemifca-apethayfhifti — 117 *? white — 46 Nepin-apethalifh — 164 woodcock — Nightingale — 43 Ox-bLrd — 253 Nuckdah — 273 Nu:-'--acker — — 82 - Nuthatch, black-head.:d — "7 Cape — u8 P. European 117 Palomito — — 201 leaft — 118 Paoii faiivage ^ 226 long-billed .i. ib. Papanafew cacake 3-20 Paradife B white-winged — 93 O. . Parrakeet, Alexandrine — 60 blue-rumped — 66 Oifeau brame — — 12 lory — — 59 de Plata — 81 Malacca — 60 Omiflew Athinetou — 46 orange bellied — 62 Oorail — — 229 peregrine — ib. Oriole, golden — — 89 red- n aped — 66 ruftv — — ib. Parrot, amber — — 65 white-headed — 88 bhie-beilied — 59 yellow-throated — 89 bufF-fronted — 61 Oriolns galbula — — ib. Caroline — — 59 Ortolan — — 201 Cochin-China — 65 Ofprey — — «3 crimlbn-winged — 60 Oftrich — — ^30 dubious — — 62 Otis tetrax — — 226 eaftern — — 04 Outapanafeu — — 158 emerald — — 60 Ouzel, ring — — 141 grifled — — 64 witer — — 142 folitary — — 65 Owl, brown — — 47 Partridge, Aragonian — 223 Canada — — ib. Ceyloa — lb. Partridge, . —. -.

N D E X. fai'tridge, Chittygong page 222 Pintado — page 204 Guernfey — 220 Plfefic — 274 pintado — 219 Plongeur — ~- 5° Pon^icherry — ib. Plover, cream-coloured — 254 rock — — 221 golden — — 252 Parus biarmicus — 190 Indian — ,— 254 caudatus — — ib. long-legged _ 252 palullris — — 189 pafTarage — 229 Saebyenfis — ib. Polytmus — — 127 Pau pune nay fue — • 21 Poopoo, whouroo roa — 114 Paxaco aranero — — 129 Powee — _ 140 Peacock — - 227 Pronserops, blue 121 PecufiiTi — — '7 red-billed 124 Peedaw — — 172 Pfophia undulata — 225 Peepee — — 257 Pelicanus punftatus — 279 Penguin, Cape — — 278 CL Pefcheur — ... 241 Fetrelj.ihearwater — 269 Quailj common — _ 222 ftormy — _ ib. Hudfonian ib. Pheafant, African — 210 coloured — ib. crow — — 100 R.

Iirspeyan . 208

ring — — ib. Rail, Philippine — , 2;s Phceby bird — — 173 troglodyte — — ib. Pic de Malacca — — I II Rallus aurtralis — _ ib. Picus major — — 107 Raven — —74-75 martius — — 104 Razor-bill — 264 medius — — 107 Redpole — — 167 minor — — ib. Redfliank — — 245 tridaftylus — — 112 Chinefe — ib. van" us — — 109 Redwing — — '39 viridis — — no Ringtail — — 22 Pie de Macao — — 84 Roller, African — — 86 rouffe de )a Chine — ib. black — 8? Pie-griefche d'Jtalie — 54 headed — 86 Pigeon, barred-tail — 206 fairy — — 87 blue-lieaded — 200 garrulous — — 8? green-winged — 198 grey-tailed — S6 grey — — 201 Indian — — 202 partridge — ^97 S. ponip^tlour — 198 purpje fhouldered — 201 Sacre — — 20 fing — — 198 Sanderling — — 243 tail — — 199 Sandpiper black — — 251 flock — — 197 brown — — 250 white -winged ""^ ib. dunlin — 249 Sandpiper. r . . .

N X,

page Strix Sandpiper, Greenwich 249 nyfiea — page 45- ' grey — — 24S otus — 42 fouthern — — 249 pafferina — 48 — ulula __ Swifs — 24S — 47 Sarroo — — 9' Strunt-vogel — ' z Safincerfafin — — «35 Sturnus cinclus — — 142- Scolopax arquata — — 242 vulgaris — — '37 Shag, fpotted — — 279 Sugar bird — — 128 Shannaw — — 80 Swallow, ambergris — 193 Shawbul — — 172 chimney — 192 She pecum memewuck — Si Shieldrake — — 275 Shrike, black- capped — 54 T Boulboul — — sy cinereous — — 51 Takaikene — _ 243 ferruginous-bellied — ib. Tanager, capital — 162 grey — —S3-S4 Chinefe — — 161 jocofe — S3 olive — — ib. Luzonian — — 52 rufous-headed — 161 magpie — — 5 + Tanagra Sibirica — 177 Malabar — — 56 Tchil — ^_ 12 Nootka — — 55 Teal — . 276 orange — — 57 Teetaree — — 245 red- backed — — 52 Teeong ^ ^^ 9r fpotted — — 5+ Tern, black — 267 Sing-fi« — — 60 Philippine — ib. Siflcin — — 166 Sandwich _ 266 Sitta caffra — — 118 white — __ ib. Europsa — — 117 Tetrao hybridus — 214 Siutitok — — 42 canus — — 217 Slaangen-vraater — 4 coturnix — 222 Smew — — 271 tetrix- — 213; Snipe, — Thothofecaufevv Cape — 244 — 43 — laige Sohna — 2;7 Throat, — 2 13; Sowow-pethay- fifh — .8 + Throttle — — 139, Sparrow, hawk — — 26 Thrufli, black and fcarlet — 146 houfe — 163 blue — — 142 ring — — 164 Chinefe — — 141 Spink — — 16s Dauma — — '45 Sure, Chinefe — — H3 Gingi — 144 common — — 137 Hadlbnian — 143 filk — — ib. Kamifchatkan 140 Sterna alba — — 266 ]-tle — '39 nigra — — 267 Malabar — — 140 Stork, white — — 234 margined — 143 Strix afio — — 42 New-York '44 bubo — — 40 orange headed 145 flammea — — 46 Perfian — ib. funerea — — 47 reed — — 141 Thrulh^ - - -.

N D X.

Thrufli, rofe-coloured page 142 Vulture, Bengal page 3 fhining — — .43 carrion — 2 white fronted — lb. Cheriway — S tailed r — 142 cinereous ~ 3 yellow-crowned — 143 crefted Titmoufe, azure — 189 crowned = ib! bearded — 190 Condur — I great-headed — 191 Gingi — — - 7 Hudfon's bay — igo Indian — — 6 long-tailed — ib. plaintive — 4 marfli — 189 Pondicherry — 6 Totty — J50-156 fecretary — 4 Toucan, piperjne _ 67 Vuppi-pi ^ 237 fmooth-billed — ib. Trogon — — 93 Trumpeter — — 2Z5 W. Tunnudliorbick — 42 Tardus African us — 143 Wagtail — 178-179 iliacus — — — 139 Wawpawchou-chuckithou — 88 merula — 141 Wapacuthu — —45-49 muficus — J 39 Wapa-eftequan — ~ 9 torquatus — 141 Wapa-thecufifli — — 157 Turkey, American — Z03 Wapatheu — — 217 horned _ ib. Wapaw whjflcy John — 51 Turntlone -~ — 249 Warbler, Awatcha — — 184 Turtle — — '99 black-necked — 187 ground — 200 Ceylonefe — 182 Tye-pawn — — 60 Dartford — —-- i8i Tye-tzoy — — 114 equinoftial — X87 green Indian — 182 long-legged — 181 plumbeous — 188 fedge — — 180 Vagabond __ — 86 Van DIemen's —-— 187 Vale-favane — _ 5 + yellow-poU — 182 Vautour de Gingi ._ 7 rump — ib. grand des Indes 6 Wafawuckapelhew — — 245 royal — ib. Wheat-ear — — 182 Ue-fhek-uang — — 59 Whi£ky John — — 51 Viudita — — 275 White-throat, lefler — 185 Ulu — — 46 Woodpecker, black — 104 Upupa promerops — 122 brown, little — 109 Ufcathafhidi — — 217 Cayenne — III Vuitre ^_ — 3 gold-winged -- ib. Vultur albicilla 11 greea — 1 10 coronatus — 5 hairy — log percnopterus — 3 little 109 totus fufcus . ib. Malacca — III Vulture, Alpine __ 3 pafferlne no Woodpecker^ >

I N D E X.

Woodpecker, pileated page 105 Y. red-bieafted — 106 rufous — III Ying mew — page 63 fpotted — 107 Yunx torquilla — — 103 white-billed — 305 yellow-bellied — 109 Wren, reed — — 184. Z. Wryneck — — 103 Wufcunithou — — 149 Zhiaine — — iia

FINIS.

SUPPL. S S

iii (j^HUnu HHU' l " ii