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Ground-Water Resources in the Lower Milliken–Sarco– Tulucay Creeks Area, Southeastern Napa County, California, 2000–2002

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Ground-Water Resources in the Lower Milliken–Sarco– Tulucay Creeks Area, Southeastern Napa County, California, 2000–2002 Prepared in cooperation with the Napa County Department of Public Works Ground-Water Resources in the Lower Milliken–Sarco– Tulucay Creeks Area, Southeastern Napa County, California, 2000–2002 Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4229 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources in the Lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks Area, Southeastern Napa County, California, 2000–2002 By Christopher D. Farrar and Loren F. Metzger U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4229 Prepared in cooperation with the NAPA COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS 2008-19 Sacramento, California 2003 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Placer Hall, Suite 2012 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6129 CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose and Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Description of Study Area........................................................................................................................... 4 Previous Investigations ............................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................................... 10 Geology ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Stratigraphy................................................................................................................................................. 10 Sonoma Volcanics.............................................................................................................................. 14 Quaternary Alluvial Deposits............................................................................................................. 14 Ground-Water Hydrology .................................................................................................................................... 15 Recharge...................................................................................................................................................... 16 Streamflow Gains and Losses............................................................................................................ 19 Methods of Data Collection and Analysis ................................................................................ 19 Streamflow Measurements and Estimated Gains and Losses................................................... 21 Discharge..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Discharge from Pumpage................................................................................................................... 23 Ground-Water Underflow.................................................................................................................. 26 Ground-Water Levels and Movement......................................................................................................... 26 Monitoring Network .......................................................................................................................... 26 Ground-Water Levels......................................................................................................................... 28 Ground-Water Movement.................................................................................................................. 28 Annual and Seasonal Water-Level Fluctuations................................................................................ 31 Long-Term Changes in Ground-Water Levels .................................................................................. 37 Ground-Water Level Changes, 1975-2001 ........................................................................................ 42 Surface-Water and Ground-Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 44 Methods of Water Sampling and Analysis.................................................................................................. 44 Surface-Water and Ground-Water Chemistry............................................................................................. 46 Oxygen-18 and Deuterium.......................................................................................................................... 49 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 49 Stable Isotope Results ........................................................................................................................ 50 Ground-Water Age Dating.......................................................................................................................... 53 Chlorofluorocarbons .......................................................................................................................... 53 Tritium ............................................................................................................................................... 56 Water Temperature...................................................................................................................................... 57 Summary and Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 59 References Cited .................................................................................................................................................. 62 Contents iii FIGURES Figure 1. Map showing location of study area, southeastern Napa County, California....................................... 3 Figure 2. Map showing land use in 2000 in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California ....................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Graphs showing annual precipitation for water years 1918–2002, and distribution of cumulative precipitation for water years (WY) 2000–2002 at Napa State Hospital, southeastern Napa County, California ................................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 4. Map showing mean annual precipitation in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California, 1961-90...................................................................................8 Figure 5. Map showing City of Napa Municipal Water Department distribution system, in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California .................................... 9 Figure 6. Map showing geology of, and cross section locations in, the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California ............................................................................. 11 Figure 7. Generalized geologic cross sections in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California .................................................................................................. 12 Figure 8. Map showing generalized thickness of unconsolidated deposits in the lower Milliken–Sarco– Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California ............................................................... 17 Figure 9. Conceptual model of the ground-water flow system in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California ............................................................................. 18 Figure 10. Map showing locations of streamflow-measurement stations and streambed infiltration zones in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California .................... 20 Figure 11. Graphs showing streamflow measurements for the three seepage runs for selected parts of the Milliken, Sarco, and Tulucay Creeks and their tributaries, southeastern Napa County, California..... 22 Figure 12. Map showing geographic distribution of known active and potentially active wells per quarter- quarter section in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California .............................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 13. Graph showing historical well development and departure from mean annual precipitation (at Napa State Hospital) in the lower Milliken–Sarco–Tulucay Creeks area, southeastern Napa County, California, water years 1918-2002.........................................................................................
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