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Europe People’S a of Idea the and Society Civil and Tack on the Open, Cosmopolitan Outlook of Europe urope - Space for Transcultural Existence? is the first volume of the new se- Eries, Studies in Euroculture, published by Göttingen University Press. The se- ries derives its name from the Erasmus Mundus Master of Excellence Euroculture: Europe in the Wider World, a two year programme offered by a consortium of Studies in Euroculture, Volume 1 eight European universities in collaboration with four partner universities outside 1 Europe. This master highlights regional, national and supranational dimensions of the European democratic development; mobility, migration and inter-, multi- and Europe - Space for transculturality. The impact of culture is understood as an element of political and Transcultural Existence? social development within Europe. The articles published here explore the field of Euroculture in its different ele- ments: it includes topics such as cosmopolitanism, cultural memory and trau- matic past(s), colonial heritage, democratization and Europeanization as well as Edited by Martin Tamcke, Janny de Jong the concept of (European) identity in various disciplinary contexts such as law Lars Klein, Margriet van der Waal and the social sciences. In which way have Europeanization and Globalization in- fluenced life in Europe more specifically? To what extent have people in Europe turned ‘transcultural’? The ‘trans’ is understood as indicator of an overlapping mix of cultures that does not allow for the construction of sharp differentiations. It is explored in topics such as (im)migration and integration, as well as cultural products and lifestyle. The present economic crisis and debt crisis have led, as side-result, to a public at- tack on the open, cosmopolitan outlook of Europe. The values of the multicultural and civil society and the idea of a people’s Europe have become debatable. This volume offers food for thought and critical reflection. Europe -Space for Transcultural Existence? Existence? Transcultural for -Space Europe Martin Tamcke, Janny de Jong, Lars Klein, Margriet van der Waal (Eds.) ISBN: 978-3-86395-062-0 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen ISSN: 2196-3851 Martin Tamcke, Janny de Jong, Lars Klein, Margriet van der Waal (Eds.) Europe – Space for Transcultural Existence? This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License 3.0 “by-nd”, allowing you to download, distribute and print the document in a few copies for private or educational use, given that the document stays unchanged and the creator is mentioned. Published in 2013 by the Universitätsverlag Göttingen as Volume 1 in the Series “Studies in Euroculture” Europe – Space for Transcultural Existence? Edited by Martin Tamcke, Janny de Jong, Lars Klein, Margriet van der Waal With contributions from Asier Altuna-García de Salazar, Bill Bell, Paul Blokker, Marcin Galent, Elizabeth M. Goering, Aitor Ibarrola-Armendariz, Janny de Jong, Lars Klein, Alexandre Kostka, Anna Pia de Luca, John McCormick, Péter Nádas, María Pilar Rodríguez, Bianca Polo Del Vecchio, Grzegorz Pożarlik, Katharina Raabe, Sascha Schießl, Richard Swartz, Martin Tamcke, Bassam Tibi, Herman Voogsgeerd, and Margriet van der Waal Studies in Euroculture Volume 1 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2013 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. “Studies in Euroculture” Series Editors Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Martin Tamcke, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Dr. Janny de Jong, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; Dr. Lars Klein, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Dr. Margriet van der Waal, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Editors of Volume 1 Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Martin Tamcke, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Dr. Janny de Jong, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; Dr. Lars Klein, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Dr. Margriet van der Waal, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the publisher’s homepage and the Online Catalogue of the State and University Library of Goettingen (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de). Users of the free online version are invited to read, download and distribute it. Users may also print a small number for educational or private use. Redaktion: Jörg Zägel Umschlaggestaltung: Margo Bargheer Titelabbildung: © iStockphoto, File #17095396 © 2013 Universitätsverlag Göttingen http://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-062-0 ISSN: 2196-3851 Table of Contents Martin Tamcke / Janny de Jong / Lars Klein / Margriet van der Waal Introduction 9 1. European Identities Péter Nádas / Richard Swartz / Katharina Raabe Europa im Zwiegespräch 21 Bassam Tibi European Identity Contested? 47 Lars Klein How (Not) to Fix European Identity? 57 John McCormick Cosmopolitanism and European Identity 67 Grzegorz Pożarlik Individual, Collective, Social Identity as (Most) Contested Social Science Concept in the Symbolic Interactionism Perspective 77 2. Postcolonial Europe Bill Bell Zeichen als Wunder? Eine der Geschichte entnommene Anekdote 89 6 Europe – Space for Transcultural Existence? Janny de Jong Empire at Home 117 Margriet van der Waal Contesting Cultural Memory. Rethinking Postcolonial Identities in Europe 125 Elizabeth M. Goering Entering the Third Dimension. A CMM (Coordinated Management of Meaning) Analysis of Transculturalism in Inter/Action 133 3. Towards a Transcultural Europe? Martin Tamcke On the Path to Transculturality 143 Janny de Jong “Here We Go Again”. The Supposed Failure of Multiculturalism in Historical Perspective 151 John McCormick European Multiculturalism. Is It Really Dead? 163 María Pilar Rodríguez Multiculturalism vs Transculturality. European Film 175 Asier Altuna-García de Salazar Envisaging Transcultural Realities through Literature in Europe. The Case of Ireland 185 Anna Pia de Luca Transcultural Encounters in Re-Inscribing Identity. European Memories and Ethnic Writing in Canada 195 Marcin Galent Social Capital of Migrants in Transcultural Europe 207 Table of Contents 7 Alexandre Kostka The Neustadt in Strasbourg. A space for Transcultural Identity Building? 217 4. The Role of the State Paul Blokker Multiple Democracies. A Cultural-Sociological Approach to Democratization and Europeanization 235 Herman Voogsgeerd The European Court of Justice between Cosmopolitanism and National Identity 243 Bianca Polo Del Vecchio The United Kingdom and the European Union. The Shaping of Public Opinion 251 Aitor Ibarrola-Armendariz From a Traumatic Past to a Constructive Future. The Spanish Transition Period as a Case Study 261 Sascha Schießl Identity, Memory, and Belonging. The Friedland Transit Camp and the Process of Admission to Post-War Germany 271 Aknowledgements 285 About the Contributors 287 Introduction Martin Tamcke, Janny de Jong, Lars Klein and Margriet van der Waal This book is the joint publication of two international scientific conferences that took place from 18-19 June 2010 at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and from 24-25 June 2011 at the University of Göttingen, Germany. Both confer- ences were closely related to the Erasmus Mundus Master of Excellence Eurocul- ture: Europe in the Wider World, a two year (120 ECTS) programme offered by a consortium of eight European universities in collaboration with four partner uni- versities outside Europe. The Master programme uses the term Euroculture as a concept to reflect in an interdisciplinary way on the many different expressions and manifestations of self- understandings of societies, social groups and individuals of, about and within Europe. The programme includes knowledge of historical perspectives, political issues, social relations, legal issues and cultural and religious traditions. Discussions on cultural identity take a prominent position in the programme as do issues such as transnational cultural contacts, popular culture and the role and function of the media in shaping social processes. Therefore, the first scientific conference associated with the programme had the explicit intention to explore the impact of culture as an element of political and social development within Europe. As was stated in the call for papers: The term Euroculture offers great advantages as a label for a study pro- gramme and poses exciting challenges as a conceptual research tool. Cross- over and interdisciplinary research include attempts to link political concepts such as Europeanisation with cultural ones such as identity. The concept of citizenship has (in this) become a central focal point. The participants to this first conference discussed topics such as cosmopolitanism, cultural memory and traumatic past(s), colonial heritage, democratization and Eu- ropeanization as well as the concept of (European) identity in various disciplinary contexts such as law and the social sciences. The second conference continued where the one in Groningen left off by ask- ing more specifically in which way Europeanization and globalization have influ- enced life in Europe. It has become a truism that in today’s world all countries and cultures have become interconnected and been influencing each other constantly. But what does that mean exactly? To follow up on this question further, the sec- 10 Europe – Space for Transcultural Existence? ond conference inquired whether people have turned ‘transcultural’. The ‘trans’ was understood as indicator of an overlapping mix of cultures that does not
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