Administrative Atlas, Uttaranchal
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The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)
List of important cities on river (India) The following is a list of the cities in India through which major rivers flow. S.No. City River State 1 Gangakhed Godavari Maharashtra 2 Agra Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 3 Ahmedabad Sabarmati Gujarat 4 At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Saraswati 5 Ayodhya Sarayu Uttar Pradesh 6 Badrinath Alaknanda Uttarakhand 7 Banki Mahanadi Odisha 8 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 9 Baranagar Ganges West Bengal 10 Brahmapur Rushikulya Odisha 11 Chhatrapur Rushikulya Odisha 12 Bhagalpur Ganges Bihar 13 Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal 14 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 15 New Delhi Yamuna Delhi 16 Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Assam 17 Deesa Banas Gujarat 18 Ferozpur Sutlej Punjab 19 Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam 20 Haridwar Ganges Uttarakhand 21 Hyderabad Musi Telangana 22 Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh 23 Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh 24 Kota Chambal Rajasthan 25 Jammu Tawi Jammu & Kashmir 26 Jaunpur Gomti Uttar Pradesh 27 Patna Ganges Bihar 28 Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh 29 Srinagar Jhelum Jammu & Kashmir 30 Surat Tapi Gujarat 31 Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh 32 Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh 33 Vadodara Vishwamitri Gujarat 1 Source – Wikipedia S.No. City River State 34 Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 35 Modasa Mazum Gujarat 36 Mirzapur Ganga Uttar Pradesh 37 Morbi Machchu Gujarat 38 Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 39 Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 40 Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka 41 Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh 42 Rangpo Teesta Sikkim 43 Rajkot Aji Gujarat 44 Gaya Falgu (Neeranjana) Bihar 45 Fatehgarh Ganges -
Rehabilitation of Srinagar Water Supply System Initial Environmental
Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 47229-001 December 2014 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Uttarakhand Jal Santhan, Jal Bhawan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand This report has been submitted to ADB by the Uttarakhand Jal Santhan, Jal Bhawan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Initial Environmental Examination July 2014 India: Rehabilitation of Water Supply System of Uttarkashi under Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 2 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand CO Carbon Mono Oxide CFE Consent for Establishment CH4 Methane CFO Consent for Operation DO Dissolve Oxygen dB Decibel IEE Initial Environmental Examination EA Executing Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EC Environmental -
Conceptual Model for the Vulnerability Assessment of Springs in the Indian Himalayas
climate Article Conceptual Model for the Vulnerability Assessment of Springs in the Indian Himalayas Denzil Daniel 1 , Aavudai Anandhi 2 and Sumit Sen 1,3,* 1 Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India; [email protected] 2 Biological Systems Engineering Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-1332-284754 Abstract: The Indian Himalayan Region is home to nearly 50 million people, more than 50% of whom are dependent on springs for their sustenance. Sustainable management of the nearly 3 million springs in the region requires a framework to identify the springs most vulnerable to change agents which can be biophysical or socio-economic, internal or external. In this study, we conceptualize vulnerability in the Indian Himalayan springs. By way of a systematic review of the published literature and synthesis of research findings, a scheme of identifying and quantifying these change agents (stressors) is presented. The stressors are then causally linked to the characteristics of the springs using indicators, and the resulting impact and responses are discussed. These components, viz., stressors, state, impact, and response, and the linkages are used in the conceptual framework to assess the vulnerability of springs. A case study adopting the proposed conceptual model is discussed Citation: Daniel, D.; Anandhi, A.; for Mathamali spring in the Western Himalayas. The conceptual model encourages quantification Sen, S. -
National Ganga River Basin Authority (Ngrba)
NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY (NGRBA) Public Disclosure Authorized (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India) Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume I - Environmental and Social Analysis March 2011 Prepared by Public Disclosure Authorized The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi i Table of Contents Executive Summary List of Tables ............................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1 National Ganga River Basin Project ....................................................... 6 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Ganga Clean up Initiatives ........................................................................... 6 1.3 The Ganga River Basin Project.................................................................... 7 1.4 Project Components ..................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.1 Objective ...................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.2 Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization & Program Management 9 1.4.1.3 Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider .......... 9 1.4.1.4 Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator ... 10 1.4.2.1 Objective ................................................................................................... -
Caste and Hegemony in Ancient Kumaon
International Journal of Applied Social Science RESEARCH ARTICLE Volume 5 (8), August (2018) : 1316-1319 ISSN : 2394-1405 Received : 21.06.2018; Revised : 07.07.2018; Accepted : 22.07.2018 Caste and Hegemony in Ancient Kumaon ISHA TAMTA Department of History B.B. Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.) India ABSTRACT Caste in Kumaon, (present Uttrakhand) was not exactly as it is in the plain areas of India. Four fold Varna system which is widely present in the subcontinent is absent in the Hill regions. But so called upper castes enjoyed their privileges and hegemony various areas of social life. The distinction in Kumaon is not only between upper and lower orders but also between the indigenous and later immigrants. The social status between Khasa Rajputs and immigrant Rajputs is a case in point. First and foremost the, the authority and power was held in ownership of both arable and forest lands. Land was held mostly by bith castes and they got it cultivated with the help of Doms. But Doms were not allowed to own a piece of land, although they performed all agricultural operations. Secondly, in administration, only upper castes monopolized all positions in the court of kings. Bith castes competed with each other for getting plum posts in the court of kings. If one sub-caste had gone close to the king, that social group monopolized all positions in the administration, judiciary and even at village assembly level. Thirdly in religious and cultural spheres, hegemony continued in the form of authority to wear Janeo (sacred thread). Khasas and Doms were not allowed to wear sacred thread. -
Geo-Hydrological Studies for Augmentation of Spring Discharge in the Western Himalaya
Geo-Hydrological Studies for Augmentation of Spring Discharge in the Western Himalaya Final Technical Report (1 April 2004 – 30 Sept. 2007) Admn. Appv. No. 23/26/2002-R&D/1108 Ministry of Water Resources, GOI, New Delhi G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand PROJECT PERSONNEL Principal Investigator: Dr. G.C.S. Negi Co-Investigator: Dr. Varun Joshi Junior Research Fellow: Mr. Manvendra Nayal Mr. Mukesh Sati 1 CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1 Introduction 1 2 Methodology 4 3 Geology of the Study Area 12 4 Soil Physical Properties in the Spring 22 Catchment Area 5 Geohydrological Description of the Springs 32 6 Water Quality of Springs 58 7 Summary 65 References 69 2 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION In the western Himalayan mountains springs are the main sources of fresh water for drinking and other household use. Springs occur where sloping ground and impermeable strata intersect with the ground water table. The water sources of such springs, in most cases are unconfined aquifers where the water flows under gravity. Spring water discharge fluctuations owe primarily due to rainfall pattern in the recharge area or more precisely stated, to variation in the amount of rainwater that is able to infiltrate the ground and recharge the ground water. Marked variation in the discharge following rainfall indicates rapid infiltration of rainwater and recharge of the groundwater in colluvial-related springs, and discharge curves show strongly periodic seasonal rhythm. Superimposed on these variations is a periodic (monthly) fluctuation resulting from occasional heavy rainfalls, generally in the rainy season. -
The Politicization of the Peasantry in a North Indian State: I*
The Politicization of the Peasantry in a North Indian State: I* Paul R. Brass** During the past three decades, the dominant party in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (U. P.), the Indian National Congress, has undergone a secular decline in its support in state legislative assembly elections. The principal factor in its decline has been its inability to establish a stable basis of support among the midle peasantry, particularly among the so-called 'backward castes', with landholdings ranging from 2.5 to 30 acres. Disaffected from the Congress since the 1950s, these middle proprietary castes, who together form the leading social force in the state, turned in large numbers to the BKD, the agrarian party of Chaudhuri Charan Singh, in its first appearance in U. P. elections in 1969. They also provided the central core of support for the Janata party in its landslide victory in the 1977 state assembly elections. The politicization of the middle peasantry in this vast north Indian province is no transient phenomenon, but rather constitutes a persistent factor with which all political parties and all governments in U. P. must contend. I Introduction This articlet focuses on the state of Uttar Pradesh (U. P.), the largest state in India, with a population of over 90 million, a land area of 113,000 square miles, and a considerable diversity in political patterns, social structure, and agricul- tural ecology. My purpose in writing this article is to demonstrate how a program of modest land reform, designed to establish a system of peasant proprietorship and reenforced by the introduction of the technology of the 'green revolution', has, in the context of a political system based on party-electoral competition, enhanced the power of the middle and rich peasants. -
Title Prof. First Name Pradeep Kumar Last Name Yadav Photograph
Title Prof. First Name Pradeep Last Yadav Photograph Kumar Name Designation Professor, Head & Dean Department Department of Business Administration-Faculty of Management Address (Campus) MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly-243006 (U.P.) India. (Residence) 45/II Suresh Sharma Nagar, Bareilly- 243006 Phone No (Campus) 0581 -2523784 (Residence)optional 0581-2525339 Mobile 9412293114 Fax 0581 -2528384 Email [email protected] Web-Page Education Subject Institution Year Details Ph.D(Business MD University, Rohtak 1984 Thesis topic: Consumer attitude Administration) towards tonic- A comparative study of a cross section of doctors and non-doctors MBA MD University, Rohtak 1979 Subjects: Management B. Pharm Sagar University, Sagar 1977 Subjects: Pharm. Sciences Career Profile Organisation / Institution Designation Duration Role MD University, Rohtak Lecturer 1979-1987 Teaching & Research Department of Business Reader 1987-1995 Teaching & Research Administration, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly Department of Business Professor 1995-Till date Teaching & Research Administration, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly Department of Business Head 1989-2008 Teaching, Research & Administration, MJP 2011-Till date Administration Rohilkhand University, Bareilly Faculty of Management, MJP Dean 1989-2003 Teaching, Research & Rohilkhand University, 2006-2008 Administration Bareilly 2011-Till date MJP Rohilkhand University, Pro-Vice Chancellor 2008-2010 Administration Bareilly Research Interests / Specialization Business Policy and Marketing Teaching -
Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP)
Initial Environment Examination Project Number: 47229-001 July 2016 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) Package: Construction of FRP huts in disaster affected district of Kumaon (District Bageshwar) Uttarakhand Submitted by Project implementation Unit –UEAP, Tourism (Kumaon), Nainital This initial environment examination report has been submitted to ADB by Project implementation Unit – UEAP, Tourism (Kumaon), Nainital and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This initial environment examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB Project Number: 3055-IND April 2016 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Project implementation Unit, UEAP, Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam limited, Nainital 1 This report has been submitted to ADB by the Project implementation Unit, UEAP, Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam, Nainital and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Asian Development Bank 2 Initial Environmental Examination April 2016 INDIA: CONSTRUCTION OF FRP HUTS IN DISASTER AFFECTED DISTRICT OF KUMAON (DISTRICT BAGESHWAR) UTTARAKHAND Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, for the Asian Development Bank. -
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in INDIA Dacca Division, Populated Mostly by Muslims by Sir R
Special Articles ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN INDIA Dacca division, populated mostly by Muslims By Sir R. N. CHOPRA, c.i.e., m.a., m.d., sc.d., (67 per cent). This area is mainly agricultural, and of alcohol on f.r.c.p. (Lond.) therefore the consumption is, the much lower here than in the other colonel, i.m.s. (Retd.) whole, parts of the province. G. S. CHOPRA, m.b., b.s. Pachwai or handia or mama, i.e., fermented liquor and brewed from rice or millet, is drunk chiefly by the both I. C. CHOPRA, m.r.c.s. (Eng.), l.r.c.p. (Lond.), aboriginal tribes in several districts and is used as a stimulant and as a food. It is the favourite drink d.t.m. (Cal.) of the lower classes, particularly the aboriginals. {From the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta) Except in Darjeeling, where pachwai is chiefly made from millet, rice is mainly used for its production. Part II Free home-brewing of pachwai is permitted only f?r private to the tribes in a few in consumption aboriginal Consumption of country spirits and beers districts during the annual Bandhana and Pons different provinces Sankranti festivals. Wanchu, a variety of fermented liquor, prepared from is sometimes used by the In this section an is made to review rice, attempt Chinese in Calcutta on ceremonial occasions for which the present position of the use of different temporary permission is obtainable. alcoholic beverages in different provinces with special reference to the conditions which deter- Table VI mine their in these areas. -
Initial Environmental Examination IND:Uttarakhand Emergency
Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 47229-001 December 2014 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (Roads & Bridges), Government of Uttarakhand, Dehardun This report has been submitted to ADB by the Program Implementation Unit, Uttarkhand Emergency Assistance Project (R&B), Government of Uttarakhand, Dehradun and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Initial Environmental Examination October 2014 India: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Restoration Work of following Motor Roads in Chamoli District under UEAP: (1) Karanprayag-Nauti-Paithani Motor Road (2) Karanprayag Nainisen Motor Road (3) Gauchar-Sidholi Motor Road (4) Birhi-Gauna Motor Road (5) Pokhri-Gopeshwer Motor Road Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand, for the Asian Development Bank. i ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BOQ - Bill of Quantity CTE - Consent to Establish CTO - Consent to Operate DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DSC - Design and Supervision Consultancy DOT - Department of Tourism CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board EA - Executing Agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EARF - Environment Assessment and Review Framework EC - Environmental Clearance EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environment Management and Monitoring Plan EMP - Environment Management Plan GMVN - Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam