DOCSLIB.ORG

KENYA OFF-GRID SOLAR ACCESS PROJECT (KOSAP) for 14 UNDERSERVED COUNTIES Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
KENYA OFF-GRID SOLAR ACCESS PROJECT (KOSAP) for 14 UNDERSERVED COUNTIES Public Disclosure Authorized SFG3195 V1 Public Disclosure Authorized KENYA OFF-GRID SOLAR ACCESS PROJECT (KOSAP) FOR 14 UNDERSERVED COUNTIES Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT Prepared by: Public Disclosure Authorized © March, 2017 Kenya Power- Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) for underserved counties March, 2017 CERTIFICATION Social Assessment Report for Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP ) for Underserved Counties Report Prepared by: P. O. Box 9882, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: 020 2248762 Fax: 020 2248900 Signed: _____________________________ Date: ____________ For: Norken International Ltd Report received and approved by: P.O. Box 30099-00100, Tel. +254-02-3201000 Nairobi. Signed: _____________________________ Date: ____________ For: Kenya Power Social Assessment Report i Kenya Power- Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) for underserved counties March, 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge and express our profound gratitude to the Kenya Power Limited for awarding this consultancy services for undertaking Social Assessment for 14 underserved counties to Norken International Limited. We extend our sincere gratitude to the team from the Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) Department, Kenya Power who accompanied the consultancy team to the various counties for their invaluable support in ensuring success of this assessment. We appreciate the co-operation and contributions of the National and County Government staff, Sub-county administrators, community members, representatives of VMG/IPs who were interviewed or took part in focus group discussions. Our greatest thanks are reserved for representatives of various women groups, widows, and people living with disabilities and youths who gave their time so freely and shared their opinions so openly with team members in various focus groups organized in various sub counties. The vital information on this social assessment could not have been obtained without the cooperation and support of all the stakeholders consulted. To all persons that contributed in one way or another to ensure the success of this assessment and have not been mentioned, kindly receive our gratitude. Social Assessment Report ii Kenya Power- Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) for underserved counties March, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................................. II TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. III LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................................................VI LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................VI LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... VIII 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 RATIONALE OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................ 1 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................... 2 1.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................................. 2 Component 1: Mini-grids for Community Facilities, Enterprises, and Households .......................... 2 Component 2: Standalone Solar Systems and Clean Cooking Solutions for Households ................. 3 Component 3: Standalone Solar Systems and Solar Water Pumps for Community Facilities .......... 4 Component 4: Implementation Support and Capacity Building ...................................................... 5 1.5 INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 6 2 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 9 2.1 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT APPROACH ...................................................................................................................... 9 Social Assessment Design ................................................................................................................ 9 Social Assessment Framework......................................................................................................... 9 2.2 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................. 10 Preliminary activities and Meetings .............................................................................................. 10 Desk Review of Reports and Documents ....................................................................................... 11 Stakeholder Consultations for Ensuring Free, Prior and Informed Consultation ........................... 11 Focus Group Discussions ................................................................................................................ 11 3 LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ...................................................... 13 3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................... 13 The Constitution of Kenya (CoK), 2010 .......................................................................................... 13 The National Cohesion and Integration Act................................................................................... 14 Community Land Act 2016 ............................................................................................................ 14 County Governments Act, 2012 ..................................................................................................... 15 The Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions Act, 2016 .............................. 15 Social Assessment Report iii Kenya Power- Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) for underserved counties March, 2017 Kenya National Commission on Human Rights Act, 2011 ............................................................. 15 The Equal Opportunities Commission Act, 2007 ............................................................................ 16 Persons with Disabilities Act, 2003 ................................................................................................ 16 The National Land Policy (NLP), 2009 ............................................................................................ 16 The National Policy on Culture and Heritage, 2009....................................................................... 16 The Revenue Allocation Commission ............................................................................................. 16 The Equalization Fund ................................................................................................................... 16 National Policy for Older Persons, revised 2014 ............................................................................ 17 Children’s Act, 2001 ....................................................................................................................... 17 The Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Act, 2011 .................................................... 17 The National Commission on Gender and Development Act, 2010 ............................................... 17 The Gender Based Violence Policy Draft, 2013 .............................................................................. 17 National Policy for the Development of the Arid and semi-Arid Lands (ASALs), 2012 ................... 17 Vision 2030 Development Strategy for Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands ............................. 17 3.2 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ............................................................................................................... 18 4 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................... 19 4.1 CATEGORIZATION OF VMGS IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES ..................................................................................... 19 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 19 Vulnerable Groups ......................................................................................................................... 20 Female and female headed households ........................................................................................ 20 The Poor and Destitute households ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 519 Ethiopia Report With
    Minority Rights Group International R E P O R Ethiopia: A New Start? T • ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT AN MRG INTERNATIONAL BY KJETIL TRONVOLL ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? Acknowledgements Minority Rights Group International (MRG) gratefully © Minority Rights Group 2000 acknowledges the support of Bilance, Community Aid All rights reserved Abroad, Dan Church Aid, Government of Norway, ICCO Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or other non- and all other organizations and individuals who gave commercial purposes. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for com- financial and other assistance for this Report. mercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. For further information please contact MRG. This Report has been commissioned and is published by A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. MRG as a contribution to public understanding of the ISBN 1 897 693 33 8 issue which forms its subject. The text and views of the ISSN 0305 6252 author do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in Published April 2000 all its aspects, the collective view of MRG. Typset by Texture Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper. MRG is grateful to all the staff and independent expert readers who contributed to this Report, in particular Tadesse Tafesse (Programme Coordinator) and Katrina Payne (Reports Editor). THE AUTHOR KJETIL TRONVOLL is a Research Fellow and Horn of Ethiopian elections for the Constituent Assembly in 1994, Africa Programme Director at the Norwegian Institute of and the Federal and Regional Assemblies in 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Toponymic Factfile
    TOPONYMIC FACTFILE Ethiopia Country name Ethiopia State title Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Name of citizen Ethiopian Official language(s)1 Amharic (amh)2 Country name in official language(s) ኢትዮጵያ (Ītiyop’iya) የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (YeĪtiyop’iya State title in official language(s) Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpeblīk) Script Amharic (also seen as Ge’ez or Ethiopic script3) Romanization System BGN/PCGN Romanization of Amharic, 1967 ISO-3166 code (alpha-2/alpha-3) ET/ETH Capital (Conventional name) Addis Ababa4 Capital in official language (romanized in አዲስ አበባ (Ādīs Ābeba)5 brackets) Population c.115 million6 Introduction Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa, sharing international boundaries with Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Sudan and South Sudan. It is similar in size to South Africa and Egypt, and is the 2nd most populous country in Africa (after Nigeria). Until 1993, Eritrea was incorporated as part of Ethiopia. Ethiopia was occupied by Italy from 1936 to 1941, but otherwise has not been colonised by a European power. Geographical names policy PCGN policy for geographical names in Ethiopia is to apply the BGN/PCGN 1967 Romanization System for Amharic to names in their original script forms. This system is used on official US and UK cartographic products. 1 As of February 2020, four regional languages have been elevated to the status of working federal government languages: Oromo; Tigrinya; Somali and Afar. 2 ISO 639 codes are given for languages mentioned in this Factfile. 3 Ge’ez (or Ethiopic) is a group name for a number of alphabets, including Tigrinya and Amharic: they are ‘abugida’ scripts, in which each character carries an inherent vowel (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility
    Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility Africa Program Working Paper Series Gilbert M. Khadiagala OCTOBER 2008 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: Elderly women receive ABOUT THE AUTHOR emergency food aid, Agok, Sudan, May 21, 2008. ©UN Photo/Tim GILBERT KHADIAGALA is Jan Smuts Professor of McKulka. International Relations and Head of Department, The views expressed in this paper University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South represent those of the author and Africa. He is the co-author with Ruth Iyob of Sudan: The not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Elusive Quest for Peace (Lynne Rienner 2006) and the welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit editor of Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes of a well-informed debate on critical Region (Lynne Rienner 2006). policies and issues in international affairs. Africa Program Staff ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS John L. Hirsch, Senior Adviser IPI owes a great debt of thanks to the generous contrib- Mashood Issaka, Senior Program Officer utors to the Africa Program. Their support reflects a widespread demand for innovative thinking on practical IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor solutions to continental challenges. In particular, IPI and Ellie B. Hearne, Publications Officer the Africa Program are grateful to the government of the Netherlands. In addition we would like to thank the Kofi © by International Peace Institute, 2008 Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, which All Rights Reserved co-hosted an authors' workshop for this working paper series in Accra, Ghana on April 11-12, 2008. www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Foreword, Terje Rød-Larsen . i Introduction. 1 Key Challenges .
    [Show full text]
  • THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of the Republic of Kenya
    THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of the Republic of Kenya (Registered as a Newspaper at the G.P.O.) Vol. LXVII-No. 56 NAIROBI, 7th December 1965 Price: Sh. 1 CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES SUPPLEMENT No. 94 PAGE Bills, 1965 Appointments ,. ,, .. ., .. 1452 The Interpretalion and General Provisions Act- Temporary Transfer of Powers . SUPPLEMENT No. 95 The Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Legislative Supplement 1965-Appointments . LEGALNOTICE NO. PAGE The Agriculture Acl-Appointments, etc. 1452, 321-The Co~lstitution (Amendment of Laws) 1 (Marketing of Agricultural Produce) The Valuation of Crown Lands Rules, 1960- Order, 1965 . Appointment . 322-The Protected Areas (No. 2) Order, 1965 . The Local Government Regulations, 1963-Appoint- 323-The Protected Areas (No. 3) Order, 1965 . ment . 324-The Price Control (Sifted Maizemeal) (Amend- The Traffic Act-Appointments . ment) (No. 2) Order, 1965 . The Mombasa Pipeline Board Act-Appointments . 325-The Price Control (Maize and Maizemeal) The Forests Act-Declarations . (Amendment) (No. 3) Order, 1965 . 326-The Customs Tariff (Remission) (No. 9) Order, The Land Adjudication Act-Notification . 1965 . The General Local Loans Act . 327-The Customs Tariff (Remission) (No. 10) The Tax Reserve Certificates Act-Lost Certificates . Order, 1965 . .. Law Examination for Administrative Officers-Date . 328-The Local Industries (Refund of Customs The Trout Act-Appointment Duties) (Short-term) (Amendment) (No. 3) . Order, 1965 .. .. .. 569 The Constitution of Kenya-Appointment . 329-The Local Industries (Refund of Customs The African Courts Act- Duties) (Long-term) (Amendment) (No. 4) Appointment, etc. .. .. .. .. .. Order, 1965 . .. 569 Sessions of Court of Review . 330-The Children and Young Persons (Appointed The East African Licensing of Air Services Regulations, Local Authority) (No.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Kent the Development of Oromo
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Degeneh Bijiga, Teferi (2015) The Development of Oromo Writing System. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/52387/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html University of Kent The Development of Oromo Writing System A Thesis By Teferi Degeneh Bijiga School of European Culture and Languages Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D. November, 2015 Abstract The development and use of languages for official, education, religion, etc. purposes have been a major political issue in many developing multilingual countries. A number of these countries, including China and India, have recognised the issues and developed language policies that have provided some ethnic groups with the right to develop their languages and cultures by using writing systems based on scripts suitable for these purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Partial List of Mass Execution of Oromos and Other Nation And
    Udenrigsudvalget 2013-14 URU Alm.del Bilag 174 Offentligt Partial list of Mass execution of Oromos and other nation and nationalities of Ethiopia (Documented by Oromo Liberation Front Information and Research Unit, March 2014) Injustice anywhere is injustice everywhere!!! Ethiopia is one of the Countries at Genocide Risk in accordance with Genocide Watch’s Report released on March 12, 2013. •Genocide Watch considers Ethiopia to have already reached Stage 7, genocidal massacres, against many of its peoples, including the Anuak, Ogadeni, Oromo and Omo tribes. •We recommend that the United States government immediately cease all military assistance to the Ethiopian Peoples Defense Forces. We also recommend strong diplomatic protests to the Meles Zenawi regime against massive violations of human rights in Ethiopia Article 281 of the Ethiopian Penal Code : Genocide; Crimes against Humanity Whosoever, with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, religious or political group, organizes, orders or engages in, be it in time of war or in time of peace: (a) killings, bodily harm or serious injury to the physical or mental health of members of the group, in any way whatsoever; or (b) measures to prevent the propagation or continued survival of its members or their progeny; or (c) the compulsory movement or dispersion of peoples or children, or their placing under living conditions calculated to result in their death or disappearance, is punishable with rigorous imprisonment from five years to life, or, in cases of exceptional
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language
    Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: G Linguistics & Education Volume 15 Issue 12 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language By Ibrahim Bedane Madda Walabu University, Ethiopia Abstract- Many people have spent their lives in search of language origin and have made great efforts to discover which language is the mother of all other languages (Mother language). As their efforts were not rightly directed, they could not achieve success. Thus, this paper examines the origin of Afaan Oromo and its impact on theories of languages and language origin. In the area of language and language origin, this paper argued that Afaan Oromo has unique properties to offer the field, or at least the richness that is provided by the majority of words creation offers basic and unusual opportunities for theoretically-minded theories. In both cases what we have learned from Afaan Oromo has provided us major insight into the nature of language origin and mother language. No wonder, ‘One of the best-kept secrets of the Afaan Oromo is the predictability, clarity, source imitating and/or conceptually approximating nature and rules of roots and its verb inflections’. Afaan Oromo is purely natural nature based language. Each and every roots of Afaan Oromo were created from either corresponding Sounds or available roots and thus, converges to sounds proximate to it. Keywords: afaan oromo, imitative root, mother language, root system, root creation, sign, sound, symbolic root, 5s acquisition process.
    [Show full text]
  • Missionaries, the State
    DEVELOPMENT AT THE MARGINS: MISSIONARIES, THE STATE, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF MARSABIT, KENYA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY By Jonathan M. Hansen Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History May, 2015 Nashville, Tennessee Dennis C. Dickerson, Ph.D. Moses E. Ochonu, Ph.D. Michael D. Bess, Ph.D. Gregory Melchor-Barz, Ph.D. To my mom and dad ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The path to completing this dissertation was much longer than I expected, and there were many days I felt like giving up on the whole project. The fact that I did not throw in the towel is largely due to my friends, family, and Vanderbilt community who encouraged me along the way, or just spent time listening to my frustrations. I would like to thank my advisor, Dennis Dickerson, and the other members of my committee: Moses Ochonu, Michael Bess, and Gregory Melchor-Barz. For a few years I had a regular lunch crew that made the graduate school experience fun, meaningful, and full of sarcasm. Though I may have actually been more productive if our lunches did not last so long. Thank you to Adam, Cory, Elizabeth, Katie, Rachel, and Will, along with the others who joined us from time to time. Thank you to my cohort: Bill, Kevin, and Will. Also, thank you to Jane Anderson and Heidi Welch, who answered so many of my questions through the years with grace and generosity, and made the department office an enjoyable place to me.
    [Show full text]
  • Social–Economic Study Report for the Proposed Wind Power Farm at Loiyangalani and the 400Kv Power Transmission Line from Loiyangalani to Suswa
    Social–Economic Study Report for the Proposed Wind Power Farm at Loiyangalani and the 400kV Power Transmission Line from Loiyangalani to Suswa CLIENT: LAKE TURKANA WIND POWER LIMITED (LTWP Ltd) P.O. Box 63716-00619 NAIROBI CONSULTANT: PROF. B.N.K NJOROGE P.O. Box 12101-00400 NAIROBI March 2009 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................................................. iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. v 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Power Sector situation in Kenya ..............................................................................................1 1.2 Project Background ...............................................................................................................2 1.3 Wind Power Technology ........................................................................................................3 1.4 Choice of Technology for Lake Turkana Wind Project ................................................................3 2.0 REVIEW OF COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT AGENDA AND POLICY FRAMEWORK IN ENERGY ......5 2.1 Kenya Vision 2030 ................................................................................................................5 2.2 Energy as a foundation of Vision 2030 .....................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Children Peace Program in Northern Kenya Through Rotary
    Children Peace Program in Northern Kenya Through Rotary. Marsabit County is located in Eastern Province stretching across 66,923.1 km2. It borders Turkana county to the West, Isiolo county to the South, Wajir County to the East, Samburu county and Ethiopia to the North. The biggest town in Marsabit County is Moyale which is a border point with Ethiopia. According to the 2009 Kenyan population census, Marsabit County is sparsely populated with a total of 291,166. The area is inhabited by Rendille, Turkana, El Molo, Samburu, Burji, Gabbra and Borana. On average, close to 40% of the people in Marsabit are Christians while 32% are Muslims and other 28% believe in traditional religion. Pastoralists communities in Northern Kenya have experienced inter ethnic related conflict for decades. Researchers and scholars who have studied the nature of inter ethnic conflict in this region have affiliated it to many factors ranging from competition over diminishing resources, cattle rustling, political incitement among others. However, a baseline survey conducted by Children Peace Initiative Kenya (CPI Kenya) some years ago, hypothesized that, lack of interaction/contact among these communities could be playing a major role as to why the inter ethnic conflict in this region has been protracted and intractable. The results of the survey showed that most of the targeted population (Std. 6 children and their parents) had never interacted with members from their neighboring communities and as such perceived them as an enemy community. The children from these communities had grown in fear based on the stereotypes they heard from their parents regarding the neighboring communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised First County Integrated Development Plan 1 County Vision, Mission and Core Values
    COUNTY GOVERNMENT REPUBLIC OF KENYA OF MARSABIT REVISED FIRST 2013 COUNTY INTEGRATED 2017 DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2013 - 2017 • REVISED FIRST COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1 COUNTY VISION, MISSION AND CORE VALUES VISION To be a cohesive and prosperous county of choice. MISSION To spearhead transformative and sustainable development towards achieving quality life for all county residents. CORE VALUES National values as spelt in the constitution Article 10 will be observed. The County core values are based on a mnemonic PEACE as follows: Prosperity Excellence Accountability Cohesion Equity ii 2013 - 2017 • REVISED FIRST COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................................................... vii MAPS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. viii FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................... ix FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers
    MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY WORKING PAPERS WORKING PAPER NO. 103 GÜNTHER SCHLEE ETHNOPOLITICS AND GABRA ORigiNS Halle / Saale 2008 ISSN 1615-4568 Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, PO Box 110351, 06017 Halle / Saale, Phone: +49 (0)345 2927- 0, Fax: +49 (0)345 2927- 402, http://www.eth.mpg.de, e-mail: [email protected] Ethnopolitics and Gabra origins1 Günther Schlee2 Abstract Historical anthropology has turned from a specialist and slightly old-fashioned research interest into a hotly contended field of study. Ethnogenesis, i.e. the way in which ethnic groups have evolved out of earlier such configurations, has been incorporated into the discourse of ethnic activists. The present paper deals with reconstructions of the past by Aneesa Kassam, who in turn bases her arguments to a substantial degree on Gemetchu Megerssa’s statements. It confirms some of her findings and elaborates on them. Some of her main points, however, which deal with the degree to which the present day Gabra can be derived from the Boran Oromo, are found to be at variance with other evidence. The question is raised whether her perspective is influenced by modern Oromo nationalism or individual Oromo nationalists. On a more general level, the paper touches the question to which extent it is possible to write “factual” history. The ambition is to establish at least a skeleton of fact on which intersubjective agreement can be reached and which can be contrasted against interest-guided versions of history or ideological distortions. 1 I thank Paul Baxter, Brian Donahoe, Dereje Feyissa, Christina Echi Gabbert, and Jan Hultin for their helpful comments on the draft of this paper.
    [Show full text]