Conspecto Das Espec1es Brasileiras De Pseudachorutinae, Com Descrição De Uma Espécie Nova Da Colômbia (Lnsecta, Collembola)

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Conspecto Das Espec1es Brasileiras De Pseudachorutinae, Com Descrição De Uma Espécie Nova Da Colômbia (Lnsecta, Collembola) Conspecto das espec1es brasileiras de Pseudachorutinae, com descrição de uma espécie nova da Colômbia (lnsecta, Collembola) Reger Arlé (*) Resumo geralmente de dispersão restrita, sendo tam­ bém muito exigentes quanto à umidade e tem­ Vinte e duas espécies de Pseudachorutinae perten· centes à fauna brasileira são citadas . ~ dado um es­ peratura. Sendo a madeira decomposta um quema da distribuição geográfica do grupo no Brasil meio com excelentes qualidades reguladorss de acordo com os nossos conhecimentos atuais. Duas destes fatores, troncos em decomposição fun­ espécies ocorrem praticamente em todas as regiões na­ cionam como verdaàeiros micro-refúgios eco­ turais brasi leiras, quatorze ocorfem na Amaõnia, doze lógicos estudados por Delamare Deboutteville no Sudeste e seis no Nordeste. Uma espécie nova de Neotropiella Handschin, 1942, é descrita da região an­ na Africa (De!am=tre, 1951). No decurso dos dina central da Colômbia (Páramo Purace 3000 m.alt.). nossos estudos sempre encontramos pequenas E feito um relato de observaçô?S real izadas no litoral famílias em reprodução sob cascas de troncos do Pará sobre a bionomia da espécie talassobionte Ha· num determinado estado de decomposição e lachorutes schusteri Arlé, 1965, assim como sua re· produção e desenvolvimento em laboratório. Foi reen­ às vezés em galhos finos. Em trabalhos antE:· contrada a espécie Pseudanurida sawayana Schuster, riores publicamos algumas contribuições à 1965 num mangue do Recife. Outra espécie marinha ecolvgia destas espec1es (Arlé, 1939, 1943, Anurida marítima (Guérin), 1838 ocorre de Pernambuco 1959, 1966; Arlé & Rufino, 1976). até o litoral sul . Aqui convém tomar em consideração os paleoclimas que no quaternário, tanto na Afn­ INTRODUÇÃO ca como na América do Sul afetaram drastica­ mente as florestas equatoriais com alternân• Entre as subfamílias de Neanuridae (sensu cias de períodos úmidos e secos, provocando Massoud 1967) é a subfamília Pseudachorutl­ a retração da mata equstorial reduzida a refú­ nae que oferece maior diversidade nas regiões gios penféricos, seguida de novos avanços em tropicais e subtropicais do hemisfério sul, e a períodos úmidos (Vanzolini, 1973) . Estas gran­ complicada história de suas linhagens foi mui­ des mudanç::~s climáticas do quaternário com to bem esclarecida nas suas grandes linhas conseqüente deslocamentos das áreas flores­ por Massoud ( 1967) . No que se refere ao· Bra­ tadas, agindo sobre as antigas iinhagens gond­ sil são conhecidos gêneros sendo alguns 12 wani ::~nas de Pseudachorutinae, provocaram cer­ com tipo de distribuição africano-brasileiro tamente especiações por segregação e rema­ como Kenyura, Arlesia, Arlesiella, Furculanuri­ nejamento corológico resuitando na atual dis­ da e Aethiopella. É fora de dúvida que o grupo tribuição do grupo. vai adquirindo importância biogeográfica cada vez maior com os progressos d::~ pesquisa nas Há indicações de que a recolonizsção da regiões tropicais. bacia amazônica se deu a partir de refúgios do planalto das Guianas lTumucumaque) e re­ As formas alargadas com paratergitos sa­ fúgiOS andinos de um lado e planalto sul bra­ lientes, do tipo "Ceratrimeria" ou tipo 3 de sileiro do outro. Massoud ( 1967), com turca inoperante ou au­ sente (Brasilimeria), são espécies florestais, Atualmente os Pseudachorutinae têm no de hábitos crípticos ligadas aos biótopos sa­ Brasil 2 centros princip::~is de distribuição: a proxílicos. São de muita fraca mobilidade e florbStêl amazônica e a floresta atlântica de ( • l - Museu Nacional-Rio de Janeiro. Trabalho realizado sob os auspícios do Conselho Nacional d3 Desenvolvimen­ to Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq . ACTA AMAZONICA 11(3): 583-593 . 1981 - 583 encosta, onde algum3s espec1es como Brasili· Genus Arlesia Handschin, 1942 meria wygodzinskyi, Arfesia fluminensis e Ar­ Arlesia a!bipes (Foi som), 1927 Jesia proxima são localizad:~s em altitude até É espécie de larga distribuição desde 1500 ou 2000 m. Costa Rica até o Sul do Brasil . É fre­ qüente no Rio de Janeiro e na Amazê· Para as espécies tal3ssobiontes de Pseu­ nia. dachorutinae (Halachorutes schusteri, Pseuda­ Arlesia albipes f . decorata Arlé e Ru ­ nurida sawayana e Anunda marítima) as condi­ ções que determinsm a sua distribuição são fino, 1979 Forma somente conhecida de Recife evidentemente diversas, porém comp'lexas O litoral baixo do Pará (região brag:mtina), com (Pernambuco) . Arlesia fluminensis (Arlé). 1939 grandes mangues, praias arenosas ou lodosas, Espécie restrita região de Petrópolis é o domínio absoluto de Ha/achorutes schus­ à teri que ocorre em importantes populações. e Serra dos órgãos entre 800 e 1200 m Nesta região porém não encontramos Pseuàa• de altitude. nurida séiwayana nem Anurida marítima que Arlesia proxima (Arlé), 1939 Limitada à Serra do Mar na altura de ocorrem em localidades do Nordeste e Sudeste. Manga1·atiba . Genus Arlesiella Delamare Deboutteville. 1951 CONSPECTO DAS ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS Arlesiella amazonica Arlé, 1966 Mata de terra firme de Manaus. Re­ I - Tribu PSEUDACHORUTINI Boerner serva Ducke, Culôni~ Sto. Antônio. Em ( sensu M::~ssoud). "litiere". Genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 Genus Neotropiella Handschin, 1942 Pseudachorutes massoudi A ri é, 19ôô Neotropiella carli (Denis), 1924 Somente conhecido da mata de terra Espécie muito disseminada em todo o firme de Manaus . norte da Amazônia, do Amapá a Ma· naus e até o Peru, Guian3s e provavel­ Pseudachorutes herbertí Arlé e Rufi­ mente Venezuela. É nossa opinião que no, 1976. N. araguaensis Rapoport, 1969, é sinô• Até o presente só conhecido de Ma­ nimo de N. carli. Não a encontramos naus, em húmus de mata de inundação n3 Amazônia meridional. No Pará seu (Rio Cuieiras). limite sul ocorre na região de Belém Genus Kenyura Salmon, 1954 onde é comum e onde se encontra es­ Kenyura porculus (Arlé), 1959 poradicamente N. meridionalis aqui no Esta espécie só foi encontrada na Flo­ seu limite setentrional. Ao sul de Be­ resta da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro . lém só encontramos N. meridionaíis. Kenyura xinguensis Arlé, 1966 Neotropie/la meridionalis (Arlé) , 1939 Parque indígena do Xingu (Alto Xingu). É a espécie típica do Sudeste, freqüen· Em "lit!ere" úmida de mata ciliar. te na Serra do Mar e no Rio de Janeiro Kenyura delicata Arlé, 1966 (maciço da Tijuca) . Como acabamos M3ta de terra firme de Manaus. de mencionar ela alcança a Amazônia Genus Hylaeanura Arlé, 1966 oriental na região de Belém onde chega Hylaeanura intima (Arlé), 1959 a coexistir com N. car/i mas não ap3- Descrita do Alto Xingu, parece ocorrer rece mHis ao norte. em toda a Amazônia P,ois a encontra­ Neotropiella. quinqueoculata (Denis). mos em numerosas localidades da 1931 Amazônia oriental, central e meridional. É a espécie d(:: maior distribuição na Foi assinalada do Peru amazônico (Win­ região nectropical e é muito variável . ter 1963) . Ocorre em todo o Brasil. Foi estudada 534- Arlé 50 ,u Figs . 1·6 - Neotropiella malkini sp.n.: 1) - Habitus; 2) órgão Ant . 111; 3) - Papilas do órgão Ant. 111; 4) - Idem Exemplar maior; 5) - Face inferior de Ant. IV: 6) - Cerdas dos paratergitos. Conspecto ... - 585 por Lawrence ( 1971) sobre material Genus Halachorutes Arlé, 1966 de Mato Grosso Roy31 Society Expedi­ Halachorutes schusteri Arlé, 1966 tion. Lawrence neste trabalho tez uma É espécie muito abundante em todo li­ revisão das espécies de Neotropiella e toral do Pará e também encontrada em demonstrou a grande variabilidade do pequenas populações até o Rio de Ja­ órgão pós-antena! em N. quinqueocu­ neiro. lata. Genus Pseudanurida Schott, 1901 Neotropiella denisi (Ari é). 1939 Pseudanurida sawayana Schuster, 1965 Descrita originariamente de diversas Reencontramos esta espécie no canal localidades baixas do Rio de Janeiro da Lagoa do Olho d'água, no Recife em esta espécie foi por nós encontrada no 1969. Schuster t3mbém a encontrou A!to Xingu em cerradão e áreas úmi­ em Cananéia (litoral de São Paulo) . das de mata, em VI - 1961 . Os exem­ 11- Tribu Anundini (sensu Massoud plares do Xingu porém possuem 7 1967) olhos em vez de 6 de cada lado rfig. 15, 16 e 17). Genus Anurida Laboulbene, 1865 Anurida marítima (Guérin-Ménneville). Genus Aethiçpella Handschin, 1942 1838 Aethiopella delamarei Arlé, 1959 Ê espécie talassobicnte de ampli:1 dis­ Sómente encontrada no Sudeste, na tribuição pel~ mundo, é encontrada em Serra da Mantiqueira, em húmus pro­ quase toda a Europa. América do Nor­ fundo de capoeira em altitude de 900m. te atlântica, Africd do Sul e Brasil Nor­ Genus Brasilimeria Stach, 1949 deste e Sul onde foi estudada por Brasilimeria anura (Arlé). 1939 Schuster (1965). Nunca a encontramos no litoral do Pará. Freqüente na Serra do Mar nos arredo­ res do Rio de Janeiro. Para uma visão conjunta da distribuição da Brasilimeria wygodzinskyi (Arlé). 1943 subfamília no Brasil ver a tabela I . Próxima morfologicamente de H. anura, esta bonit9 espécie que se distingue nos indivíduos suficientemente desen­ DESCRIÇÃO DE NOVA ESPÉCIE volvidos por um padrão característico Neotropiella malkini sp. nov. de desenhos amarelos, pa rece substi­ tuir 8. anura na Serra da M:mtiqueira MATERIAL EXAMINADO : Páramo Purace (Itatiaia, Barreira de Piquet e, ltajubá. Cordilheira Central (Depto. Cauca) 3000 m al­ Campos do Jordão) em altitudes entre titude- Colômbia . Boi·ys Malkin col. 2 exem­ médias e altas (500 - 1800 m) . plares 20/ 10/ 1968. Genus Furculanurida Massoud, 1967 oiAGNOSE: 2 exemplares de 1,50 e 2,10 Furculanurida belemensis Arlé e Ru­ mm respectivamente. Cor azul preto. Extremi­ fino, 1976 dades das patas e cone bucal esbranquiçados. Belém - Ut inga (várzea do Guamá). Antenas com os segmentos lll e !V amarelos. Furculanurida goeldiana Arlé e Rufi­ Habitus típico de Pseudachorutini do tipo no, 1976 3 (:'v1assoud 1967) . Pretergitos marcados, pa­ Estas duas espécies divergem pelo nú­ ratergitos muito sa!ientes, aspecto geral forte­ mero de olhos (5 e 7 respectivamente) mente enrugado (Fig. 1) . Corpo revestido re­ e pela forma da mandíbula. São conhe­ gularmente de cer~as bastante compridas. en­ cidas sómente da região de Belém sen­ tre 100 e 150 micra (Fig. 6). do que F. goe/diana foi encontrada ex­ clusivamente no Parque do Museu Antenas curtas e m aciç::~s.
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