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Addressing Root Causes Project in South Sudan Mid Term Review Report

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Addressing Root Causes Project in South Sudan Mid Term Review Report Addressing Root Causes Project in South Sudan Mid Term Review Report Submitted by Innovation for Impact Solutions to CARE South Sudan Consultants 1. Atem Dut de Kuek – Lead Consultant 2. Alumai Godfrey Jeff- Review Manager 3. Ayiik John Kuany – Fieldwork Coordinator 4. Andi Ronald Jimmy- Data Analyst June 11, 2019 1 | P a g e Contents Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Background of the ARC project ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objectives and scope of the midterm review ...................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Current context of the project locations ........................................................................................................... 10 2.0 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Timeline/process ............................................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Data collection methodologies .......................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Documentation review ............................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Interviews and FGDs ................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Survey and Demographics .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Analysis process ................................................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Ethical and gender considerations ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Study limitations ................................................................................................................................................ 17 3.0 Main Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 Outcome 1 - Economic Resilience...................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Outcome 2 Peaceful Conflict Resolution ........................................................................................................... 50 3.3 Outcome 3: Social cohesion ............................................................................................................................... 64 3.4 Impact level results ............................................................................................................................................ 80 3.5 Summary of key findings ................................................................................................................................... 88 Testing Validity of the assumptions ......................................................................................................................... 89 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 91 4.1 Main conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 91 4.2 Challenges .................................................................................................................................................. 91 4.3 Lessons learned .......................................................................................................................................... 92 4.3 Recommendations for the remainder of the project ........................................................................................ 93 5.0. Annexes ..................................................................................................................................................... 94 Annex 1: Timeline for Mid-Term Review ................................................................................................................. 94 Annex 2: List of key informants ............................................................................................................................... 95 Annex 3 (a-e): Key informant interview questions per group ................................................................................. 95 Annex 4 (a-d): FGD Questions, including the questions to assess norms through vignette .................................... 95 Annex 5: List of FGD participants ............................................................................................................................. 95 Annex 6: Overview of HHS questions linked to specific programme indicators ...................................................... 95 annex 7: Full data set from the houshold survey] ................................................................................................... 95 Annex 8: Summary of Indicator achievements ........................................................................................................ 96 2 | P a g e Abbreviations ARC Addressing the Root Causes project ARCSS Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan CSC Community Score Card FGDs Focus Group Discussions KIIs Key informant Interviews PRA Participatory Rural Appriasal SNAP Social Norms Analysis Plot TOC Theory of Change VSLA Village Savings and Loans Association 3 | P a g e Executive Summary The Addressing Root Causes (ARC) project that started in September 2016, aims at tackling the root causes of armed conflict, instability and irregular migration in South Sudan by increasing community resilience to conflict-related and economically-induced shocks in 19 payams in Jonglei state in the counties of Pibor, Twic East, Duk and Bor. The project has distinguished three outcomes areas: Economic Resilience, Peaceful Conflict Resolution and Social Cohesion which are expected to be mutually reinforcing and when all are combined and stregthened together, the beneficial effects will contribute to more resilience and a culture of peace. This mid-term review was conducted to assess the progress of project implementation since September 2016, and document best practices and lessons learned to inform key stakeholders on future activity design, programming, and implementation. Primary data was collected using household survey, key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions with the targeted communities. Combined with the FGD, a Social Norm Analysis Plot (SNAP) framework was applied as it was considered best suited to measure changes in social (gender) norms. Key findings from review indicate access to loans and training of VSLA groups is empowering women and youth in the targeted communities to engage in IGAs and micro-enterprises, thereby broadening their livelihood and resilience options and creating market linkages with traders across different ethnic communities. Further, more women and youth reported being confident to participate in economic opportunities and possess relevant tools and skills; and the role of women and youth is being appreciated in contributing to meeting household needs, thereby reflecting the conflict and gender transformation in the targeted communities. It should however be noted that more VSLAs have been formed and are engaged in IGAs and micro-enterprises in Duk and Twic East compared to Bor and Pibor. Also, peace committees are appreciated and recognized by the targeted communities for facilitating and using peaceful mechanisms to mitigate and resolve intra and – inter community conflict and reconcile past grievances. Most project beneficiaries also reported increased collaboration with each other, and feel have more positive relationships and trust within and beyond their community. However, there is limited follow- up and monitoring of activities of VSLAs, peace clubs and peace committtees for effective supervision and support. Also, most people do not consider themselves displaced or emigrated even when they are displaced from one location to another within the county or state or country, as they consider that emigration only happens when one has moved outside their own state/country. This narrow intepretation affects planning and supporting would-be emigrants, and hence the need for project implementers to contextualize the definition of emigration to the local understanding and intepretation. It was also noted during this review that the ARC project is understaffed as one project officer serves the whole county with no assistants to support project implementation, follow-up and monitioring. Therefore, as CARE moves forward with project implementation, it is important to hire more project staff for effective implementatin,
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