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Stanţe De Medalii Şi Monede, Jetoane, Miniaturi Şi Falsuri Monetare Din Colecţia Muzeului Naţional De Istorie a României

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Stanţe De Medalii Şi Monede, Jetoane, Miniaturi Şi Falsuri Monetare Din Colecţia Muzeului Naţional De Istorie a României Cercetări numismatice, XII-XIII, 2006-2007, p. 493-518 STANŢE DE MEDALII ŞI MONEDE, JETOANE, MINIATURI ŞI FALSURI MONETARE DIN COLECŢIA MUZEULUI NAŢIONAL DE ISTORIE A ROMÂNIEI Katiuşa Pârvan Abstract The aiticle presents dies of medals and coins, tokens, miniaturcs and forgeries of modern Romanian coins, purchased in 1972 and 1978 from George Buzdugan and in 1992 from Ecaterina Şovăială from Bucharest, a distant relative of Buzdugan. The author followed the chronological sequence, thus identifying the dies used to issue official medals. Almost all the specimens are the work of Menachem Carniol, father and son; one is signed by Carniol and Radivon and only one specimen by Radivon alone (both were employed by the Roya! House). The first die is the one employed for the reverse of the prize meda! of the agriculture and industry contest in Botoşani, 1879. The next specimens dates to 1880 - the pair of dies that was never used, engraved for the samc contest în Botoşani - as well as thc dic used for thc obvcrsc of a meda! which commemoratcd the foundation ofthe Literary society „Generaţia Nouă". The follo\\ing dies were created in 1896, to isse the medals dedicated to the visit of Emperor Franz Josef in Romania. The National History Museum of Romania holds thc lpunch of the meda! dedicatcd to the participation of Franz Josef, Charles I and Alexander Caragheorghcvit at the opening of the Iran Gates' channel, as well as two Jower dies uscd for the same lower die, both hming 29mm in diameter, but signed in a different manner: the first CARNIOL FIUL, creatcd along \\ith the punch, because on the scarf of Charles I the lines prescnt the same pattern with the ones on the punch, and the second, signed only CARNIOL, whcre the decorations of the scarf are different in style. The next specimen is the punch employed for the reverse of the meda) dedicated to the parade of the Romanian army in Bucharest, at 17/29 September 1896. Using this punch was created the die nr. 9, which has the same symbols (six-sided stars) and the same errors in the legend. The die nr. 10, used for the same reverse, is different în what concerns the symbols (dots) and the legend, this time correct. From the same year 1896 there is another die used for the "isit of Emperor Franz .Josef in Bucharest and Sinaia on 16, 17 and 18 September 1896, alsa employed for the decoration meda! "Pentru devotement şi curaj", signed CARNIOL-RADIVON. The next specimens are from 1897. An punch used for the obverse die of the meda) "Principele Ferdinand", issued by the officers of the Regimentul 4 Roşiori to commemorate its salvation; on the surface severa I perpendicular li nes were engraved to mark the cancellation of the die. The National History Museum of Romania holds alsa the die, which is a variety of the same meda!. From the same year there are: the obverse die for the commemoration of Al. Lahovary, the reverse die of the commemoration of the death of Dimitrie Gr. Ghika and the obverse die for the meda) "Distinctic la purtare" issued by the "Şcoala profesională de fete" founded by Filip and Raşela Focşăneanu. The next specimens are from 1898. The first one is a die intended to issue the official octagonal meda!, that was never used, then a die for the same meda!, but this time the common round-shaped type, alsa never used. The follo\\ing one is a die for the obverse of the official meda] issued by a committee to commemorate the Targu .Jiu monument erected in honor of Tudor Vladimirescu and a similar die, but of a smaller size, for mass distribution. Another die is the one employed for the obverse of the official meda) issued for the "Rebuilt of the Cathedral St. Alexander from Alexandria" and the one \\ith a smaller size for popular distribution. The next one is the die for the school meda! granted as a distinction at the end of the elementary school, "Distincţiune Ia purtare" and "Distincţiune la studiu", as well as the die for the obverse distributed as a prize by "Azilul Elena Doamna - Secţia Normală" and finally the die for the obverse of the token „Manufactura de tutun din Bucureşti". From 1900 there are three dies - the punch for the obverse of the official meda) „Sfinţirea drapelelor Armatei - Toţi pentm Patrie şi Rege'', and a popular variery distributed in https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Katiuşa Pârvan commemoration of the renewal of the militrary flags of scvcral rcgiments and the granting of flags to new regiments. The next dies are: thc die for thc obverse of „Inaugurarea Monumentului Independenţei din Tulcea", dated 1900. Another variety of the medal has thc legend „Ţara şi Dobrogenii Recunoscători - Omagiu Armatei Marelui Căpitan", also dated 1900. The latter is a meda! so far unknown, designed to commemorate this event. The next dies are: the ones for thc obverse and reverse of the popular mcdal „Marelui Ştefan cel Mare la împlinirea a 400 de ani de la moartea sa" which can he ascribed to Camiol and Radivon, who also worked together for thc die of the reverse of the mcdal issued for „Restaurarea bisericii Sf. Apostol Petru şi Pavel din Alexandria" although is is unsigned. The collection comprises also two dies of masonic medals; the first for the reverse of „Loja Română din Bucureşti sub obedienta Marelui Ordin de Italia", dated 1907, the bronye tzpe and thc die for the obvcrse of the meda! „Loja Sapienţia Bucureşti", dated 1911. Both are created by Carniol, who was member of the Romanian Masonry. From 1914 dates the die of a popular mcdal, here an unknown variety, issued for „Moartea Regelui Carol I", signed RADIVON, and from 1921 is the die for „Mărturia de botez a naşterii principelui Mihai". The author also prcsents dies used to strike coins. The oldest is the die used for the reverse of „JO Bani 1867", issued by Watt from Birmingham, one of the first Romanian coins issued in England, through the firms Watt and Heaton. The die which is very worn was cancelled by engraving a cross an sent back to Romania. This is the first known die used to issue the first series of Romanian coins. The ncxt one is adie ofthe obverse of „s Lei" during the reign of Charles li, signed A. LAVRILLIER and thc punch of a coin intended by Mihai I , 1947, but ncvcr issucd, which presents some stripcs, probably also for cancelation . The die is signcd Haralambie Ionescu. In the Şovăială collection there are also three tokens dated 1908 and 1913 imitating the 20 kreuzcrs coin issued by Francisc I; on thc obverse is thc bust ofthc cmpcror v.itha a Hungarian legend and on the reverse is the coat of arms of Austria and a Romanian legend. In the lcgend there is a mention ofthe metal composition: silver plated. In the Şovăială collection there are also four miniaturcs after Romanian coins: Charles I - „10 Bani 1867" and „1 Ban 1867", „2 Bani 1880" and „20 Lei 1883". They arc kcpt in the original gold plated box, which has on one side the bust of King Charles I and thc legend MONETELE TIITUROR POPOARELOR ÎN MINIATURĂ and on the other side the coat of arms of Romania and the legend L. CHR. LAUER NURENBERG - " 1896 ". Among the Şovăială collection there are also fakes after modern silver coins (2 Lei 1873 and 1911; s Lei 1881 and 1930; 10 Lei 1930; 20 Lei 1930; 100 Lei 1930, 1932 and 1936; 2so Lei 193s, so Lei 1937 and 1938; 20 Lei 1944-194s; I Leu 1963; 3 Lei 1963), struck in common metal, lead or tin, silver plated !cad, white metal, bronze, brass, zinc or bronze plated metal. Thcse arc the creations used to fool the naive at local antique fairs. There are also two fakes of "2so Lei 193s", countennarked by the National Mint. In the collection there are also some striking errors: two "1 Leu 1924" one with incuse obverse, and the second off-center; a blank for a "100 Lei" or a "so Lei 1937" with the diameter 26mm; a "s Bani 19s2-19s3" with a blank reverse and a "10 Bani 19s6" off-center and v.Tongly cut. În anul 1992 Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României a achiziţionat de la Ecaterina Şovăială din Bucureşti, fosta soţie a lui G. Buzdugan (secretarul Societăţii Numismatice Române), mai multe obiecte cu profil numismatic, printre care şi câteva ştanţe de medalii şi monede, jetoane, precum şi falsuri după monede modeme şi contemporane, româneşti•. Colecţia a completat ştanţele de medalii achiziţionate cu mai mult timp înainte, în 1972 şi 1978, de la George Buzdugan. În catalogul ce însoţeşte prezentarea noastră am descris mai întâi ştanţele şi patriţele de medalii (cele mai numeroase), apoi ştanţele şi patriţele de monede şi la urmă jetoanele, miniaturile, falsurile monetare şi monedele cu defect de batere. Am urmărit pe cât posibil criteriul cronologic; faptul ' O parte a acestei colecţii a fost prezentată de noi la Sesiunea Muzeului Băncii Nationale din mai 2006. Considerăm oportună prezentarea pieselor în acest moment în care, Banca Natională a României a reluat editarea sistematică a unor emisiuni monetare şi medalistice comemorative, ce ne reamintesc intensele preocupări de acest fel începând din a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-iea. 494 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Stanţe de medalii şi mo11ede,jetoane, miniaturi şi/a/suri monetare a uşurat identificarea ştanţelor oficiale şi a celor inedite, poate nefolosite. Aproape toate matriţele sunt rezultatul activităţii gravorilor Carniol tatăl şi fiul; una este semnată de Carniol şi Radivon şi una doar de Radivon, ambii gravori ai Casei Regale, creatori de medalii şi de bijuterii.
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