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Gazetteer of Heritage Assets Prepared with and for LANCHESTER Lanchester Parish Council PARISH COUNCIL PreparedPrepared with withand and for for Prepared with and for LANCHESTERLANCHESTER LanchesterPrepared Parish with Council and for LANCHESTERPARISH COUNCIL Lanchester Parish Council Lanchester Parish Council PARISHPARISH COUNCIL COUNCIL Lanchester Parish Council Lynwood House, Durham Road, Lanchester, Durham, DH7 0LS
Tel: 01207 520 146 Email: [email protected] Web: www.lanchesterparish.info North of England Civic Trust The Schoolhouse 12 Trinity Chare Lanchester CommQuaysideunNorth iNewcastlet yof England upon Civic Tyne Trust TheNorth Schoolhouse of England Civic 12 NE1Trinity Trust 3DF Chare The SchoolhouseQuayside 12Newcastle Trinity Chare upon Tyne Heritage Audit Quayside Newcastle upon TyneNE1 3DF Tel: (0191) NE1232 3DF 9279 Fax: (0191)Tel: (0191) 230 1474 232 9279 North of EnglandTel: (0191)Civic Trust232 9279 Email: [email protected]: (0191) 230 1474 The Schoolhouse 12Fax:Email: Trinity (0191) [email protected] Charee 230mbe r1474 20 16 DIRECTOR CHAIRMAN PRESIDENT PATRON Email: [email protected] DIRGrahamECTOR Bell BA(Hons) CHAPeterIRMA NCandler DL PRESIRtDE HonNT Sir AlanPA TROHRHN The Duke of Quayside Newcastle uponwww.nect.org.uk Tyne GrahamBArch(Hons) Bell BA(Hons) RIBA FRSA Peter Candler DL Rt HonBeith Sir Alan MP HRH TheGloucester Duke of KG GCVO www.nect.org.uk BArch(Hons) RIBA FRSA Beith MP Gloucester KG GCVO NE1 3DF REGISTERED ADDRESS REGISTERED CHARITY 513055 REGASIS TRIGHTERED A DDRESS REGCOMPANYISTERED CH LIMITEDARITY 51 BY30 5GUARANTEE5 1654806 AS RIGHT COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE 1654806 Tel: (0191) 232 N9279ovem ber 2016 NoveMarchmber 2 2017016 Fax: (0191) 230 1474 Email: [email protected] DIRECTOR CHAIRMAN PRESIDENT PATRON Graham Bell BA(Hons) Peter Candler DL Rt Hon Sir Alan HRH The Duke of www.nect.org.uk BArch(Hons) RIBA FRSA Beith MP Gloucester KG GCVO
REGISTERED ADDRESS REGISTERED CHARITY 513055 AS RIGHT COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE 1654806 November 2016
LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 50 Deanery Located to the north-east of Lanchester village centre with modern housing development reaching the edge of NZ 16919 47724 Natural Heritage Natural Feature Unknown Woodland woodland area. Occupies a sloping site which becomes ever steeper moving further north-east through the woodland Deciduous trees with some rhododendron bushes visible. Total area approx 4.6 hectares
67 Malton Nature Malton Nature Reserve was developed on ground reclaimed from Malton Colliery (closed 1969 - Wade) which operated NZ 180 460 Natural Heritage Landscape 1970s Durham Reserve between the 1870s and 1960s. Brownfield land which has been managed to encourage ecological diversity since the Wildlife 1970s. The reserve lies south east of the remaining 'Officials Terrace'. The vegetation includes large areas of scrub Trust and woodland which is particularly favourable to warblers among numerous other birdlife and mammals. There is also Reserve a pond and other areas of standing water which provide habitat for reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Accessible by public footpaths. In guardianship of Durham Wildlife Trust
76 Village Green Green space, willow fencing, WI tree, visual impact and village feel, community activities including carols at Christmas. NZ 16666 47458 Natural Heritage Landscape Medieval Spectacular all year round, beautiful chestnut trees , Christmas lights. 2 sycamores and 3 horse chestnuts are recorded on the Woodland Trust Ancient Tree Hunt database with tree reference numbers 152182, 152184, 152183, 152181, 152185
79 Dora's Wood 8.33 acres. Dora’s Wood comprises level ground, incorporating broadleaf woodland and new woodland. The NZ 16913 41693 Natural Heritage Natural Feature 2001 wood was designed and created by the local community in 2001 and named after a local 19th century poet. 2200 trees planted LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
50 Chris and Named after the nearby ‘Deanery’ LHA ID No 50a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Good Some risk/issues. Modern housing One of three areas of ancient Considerable Marginal Considerable Considerable Wendy Phillips buildings. The Deanery buildings map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842-1952 has sprawled up the hillside to the deciduous woodland in date from about 1750 although to One Statute Mile boundary edge of Deanery Wood. Lanchester, adds to rural character http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ suspected to be older and Surveyed 1857 The wood affords some natural medieval in origin. There are only Printed 1861 Memories of Lanchester by County Durham protection from development as it three areas of ancient deciduous LHA ID No 50b O/S Books/Elizabeth Gill-page 4 and page 32 (Published is located on a steep slope. woodland around Lanchester, map scale 1:25000 2003) Identified by the Durham Council Deanery Wood being one of these. Current/most recent as An Area of High Landscape It forms part of the attractive version Value and also within the hillsides surrounding Lanchester LHA ID No 50c Conservation Area. village which nestles in the valley Historical photo Ownership of the woodland is bottom. The woodland combines (aerial) prior to unknown which may threaten with other natural features to give housing future development or change of Lanchester its rural character and development around use? appearance Deanery Wood LHA ID No 50d Historical photo prior to housing development around Deanery Wood LHA ID No 50e Modern view north- east from Cadger Bank towards Deanery Wood
67 Fiona Green LHA 67a-b Fair Maintained by Durham County A valuable resource for Considerable Some Considerable Exceptional Council possible risk of funding Lanchester regularly visited by cutbacks walkers, the village wildlife group and conservation volunteers.
76 Fiona Green LHA 76a-b Good Potential risk due to traffic but Hugely significant asset in terms of Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional current situation is acceptable historical role and role played within the community today. Would warrant further research and potentially interpretation.
79 Stephen and Litter picking would help and some LHA 79a-e http://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/woodfile/283/manag Fair Relatively low risk while under the Survival - considerable, because Considerable Considerable Considerable Exceptional Cath Bailey of the paths are very muddy ement- control of the Woodland Trust. it was developed through plan.pdf?cb=6c2bde0b003c4aebae5ee11976f5ed55 Good pedestrian access from the significant community involvment See also Valley Walk railway line and close in early 21st Century. Story - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Greenwell to the village centre. considerable through the Dora Greenwell connection. Stimulating - considerable, very attractive feature. Social - exceptional social amenity LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 80 Black's Plantation Black Plantation' is located on the south side of the B6296 approximately 200m west of the junction with Broadwood NZ 13524 45016 Natural Heritage Landscape Not known Woodland Lane. There is layby close to the entrance. Paths are obviously well used, though the wood could be considered to be generally overgrown. Dominated by birch with the occasional oak, beech, willow and Scots pine, the site was enriched with an oak planting programme in 2001. A network of permissive paths form a circular route. Moth enthusiasts may spot the uncommon orange underwing, some interesting wildlife. Also important for Small Pearl Bordered Fritillary butterfly whose main food plant is the marsh violet. Rides and glades are being opened up by Durham Wildlife Trust with advice from Butterfly Conservation.
85 Trees Lone trees in field at High Burnhopeside, on right hand side of A691 heading north into Lanchester. These trees are a NZ 18363 46792 Natural Heritage Landscape Not known mixture of ash and oak. One of the ash trees is known to have a preservation order on it (in the grounds of High Burnhopeside, LHA ID No 85a). Three of the oak trees (LHA ID No 85b) have obviously been planted in a row, but we cannot find more information about them, landscaped in some way but more research is required.
89 Ragpath Heath This small reserve is separated into two by a minor road and is made up of woodland, heathland and grassland. The NZ 146 447 Natural Heritage Landscape N/A Common Nature Reserve wooded areas are dominated by silver birch and contain oak, ash and rowan with abundant ground flora such as wood Land sorrel, dog’s mercury, moschatel. There is a single, old juniper tree and areas of cross-leaved heath, heather and Reference bilberry and Sphagnum mosses showing the original heath land character of the wider area. Ragpath Heath is a CL77 common, which is probably why the site has retained its original character. An area of open grassland in the south-east 28863, corner of the site is particularly species-rich and includes pignut, devils bit scabious and great burnet. Typical bird Local species recorded include woodcock, redpoll, bullfinch and willow warbler. Small copper and brimstone butterfly and roe Wildlife Site deer are also seen and over 60 species of fungi have been recorded. It covers 3.6 hectares and is about 150 m above sea level. It was reduced to this size in the mid 20C (County Durham Record Office maps). BSBI record 141 different species of plant.
90 Two mature trees Large mature beech tree and ash tree NZ 16635 47300 Natural Heritage Natural Feature N/A Veteran in Lanchester Tree 56063 Park Beech, Veteran Tree 61134 Ash
92 Ivy Leaved Toad On south facing wall of Roman camp, blooms almost all year, quick spreading. Also hare, skylarks, and plovers. NZ 15950 46818 Natural Heritage Natural Feature N/A Flax
96 Butterfly Orchids Seasonal. Along north side of railway walk between Hurbuck and Lanchester, near old filled in viaduct. NZ 15244 48072 Natural Heritage Natural Feature N/A May be designated as an endangered species
106 Oak trees Ancient oak trees on Peth Bank. The trees frame Peth Bank. The trees can be found on the right side of the road NZ 17344 47550 Natural Heritage Natural Feature N/A travelling up Peth Bank towards Burnhope. The trees are located within the conservation area. Pleasant green space, large mature trees providing a leafy 'entry' into the village. This road is a very old route - the only route before 1820 when the Durham - Consett road A691 was built. The trees filter the light and respond to passing seasons. They support wildlife and Peth Bank is a noted wildlife corridor. They provide a visual link with the landscape and link the built up area with the surrounding countryside. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
80 Stephen and LHA 80a-e http://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting- Fair Relatively low risk while under the Survival - some, gives some Some Marginal Considerable Marginal Cath Bailey woods/wood/4317/black-plantation/ control of the Woodland Trust. indication of the habitat in the past. See also page 14, Good pedestrian access from the Story - marginal, no known http://www.lanchesterparish.info/wp- B6296 and obviously well used stories. Stimulating - content/uploads/2015/08/lanchester_wildlife.pdf considerable, very attractive and peaceful area. Social - marginal, some distance from Lanchester Village and many residents probably not aware of its existence.
85 Stephen and LHA 85a-d Nothing found. TPO information provided by the Good High, the trees will eventually die; Survival - marginal, no known Marginal Marginal Considerable Marginal Cath Bailey resident of High Burnopeside. Dr H Prestwich ash dieback and acute oak decline reason for planting. Story - marginal, again no known stories. Stimulating - some, very attractive specimens in good setting. Social - marginal, not obviously a heritage asset.
89 Michael LHA 89a-b DWT website, BSBI Distribution Database, Durham Fair Drying out through drainage of Survival - significant because it Considerable Considerable Some Some Horsley Biodiversity Action Plan – habitats, Magic Maps – surrounding land. Vandalism / fly represents the heathland that was common land, County Durham Record Office maps tipping. Lack of fencing. Bisection typical of the valley bottom and is by road resulting in damage to now a DBAP priority habitat. verges / edges by vehicles. Lack Stimulating - a refreshing place to of management although this is visit on a warm sunny day. now in hand by Durham Wildlife Trust, who also provide public access.
90 Tina Patterson LHA 90a (beech), www.woodlandtrust.org Fair Attractivenatural asset within play Considerable Marginal Some Some LHA 90b (ash) park
92 No photos Not Applicable Ivy Leaved Toad Flax is classed as Scheduled Monument providing an Some Some Considerable Some an invasive plant interesting wildlife habitat
96 Tina Patterson These are Greater Butterfly No photos Lanchester Wildlife Survey (photograph available in Good Important example of a native Exceptional Marginal Considerable Some Orchids, Lesser Butterfly orchids the Wildlife Survey) orchid are found elsewhere in the county.
106 Sally Laverick LHA 106 - A & B Village Design Statement 2004, Lanchester Good Risk of trees reaching the end of Old tree-lined entrance to the Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Conservation Area Document 2016, Parish Plan their natural life. Adequate village, add character to the space, 2005, maintenance of the trees is screens the housing estate, required. Trees are located within prominent feature in the village the conservation area so afforded landscape. some protection. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 114 Princess Diana Tree on bank of Smallhope Burn at side of the Bypass Walk (LHA ID No 93). Plaque next to the tree which reads 'In NZ 16560 47794 Natural Heritage Natural Feature 1998 Tree memory of Diana, Princess of Wales. Planted by Lanchester Parish Council'. Princess Diana was married to Charles, Prince of Wales July 81 until their divorce in August 1996, known as 'The People's Princess', died in a car crash in Paris August 1997.
124 Ancient Hedgerow Growing along the top of a wall, on Ornsby Hill. Running along an (ancient?) trackway called Back Lane. Originally NZ 16937 48660 Natural Heritage Natural Feature Unknown probably well used as a route in and out of Ornsby Hill settlement but now little more than an overgrown path only navigable by walking
156 Butterflies Burnhill Nature reserve visible and sign posted from Waskerley Way. NZ 06572 44494 Natural Heritage Natural Feature N/A Listed area Frittilary Butterflies such as small pearl bordered fritillary, orange tip, dark green fritillary, dingy skipper, Peacock, and the Green by the North Hairstreak a known to live and breed in this area. East Butterfly Conservatio n group - species of principal importance under the NERC act in England LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
114 Jill Gladstone LHA 114a-d Poor Tree is healthy but plaque almost Lanchester residents wanted to Considerable Exceptional Marginal Some illegible. honour and commemorate Princess Diana.
124 Chris and Running along an (ancient?) LHA ID No 124a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Fair Minimal? Possible intrusion from A little used (ancient?) Considerable Marginal Some Marginal Wendy Phillips trackway called Back Lane. map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- farming? On a steeply sloping site trackway/path now considerably Originally probably well used as a to One Statute Mile 1952 with limited access, intrusion from overgrown. route in and out of Ornsby Hill Surveyed 1857 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ new housing/building not expected No defined Right of Way exists settlement but now little more than Printed 1861 which would have allowed some an overgrown path only navigable LHA ID No 124b O/S maintenance or inspection and by walking map scale 1:25000 perhaps path clearance? Current/most recent version LHA ID No 124c View looking up/north along overgrown Back Lane from the Grid Ref LHA ID No 124d View looking at boundary/hedgerow on Back Lane at Grid Ref
156 Michael Carr LHA 156a Durham County Council Waskerley Way Railway Good Vulnerable should there be any Significant site for wildlife, Exceptional Marginal Marginal Some Paths. changes to use of the land. particularly butterflies. Environment Information Center Northumberland Butterflies are a measure of and Durham. condition of environment. (www.ericnortheast.org.uk) North East branch of Butterfly Conservation Org. http://www.northeast-butterflies. org. uk/habitats_and_sites/brownfield.html LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 198 View and open View and open space from Briardene cul de sac looking north west towards Iveston. (Refer to hand drawn plan LHA NZ 16168 47279 Natural Heritage Landscape N/A space from 198 DF Feb 2016). This wedge shaped area, approximately 100m by 40m at its widest, is formed by the boundaries of Briardene cul de housing on Briardene (part of the housing development completed in the mid 1970’s). It was formally open farmland. It sac looking north forms an important green corridor for people, habitat and wildlife, which links open countryside to the south down into west the village centre via a stepped path to Meadow Way and a narrow unmade footpath onto Cadger Bank. These areas are an important feature of development within Lanchester because they provide ready walking access to/from the village via grassed areas and stepped ‘cuts’ through the housing estate. They evidence how people have interacted with the village heart and moved about the village from their residential dwellings over time. The area is grassed and comprises about 20 trees of various types and of varying age. Most appear to be native. This includes a very mature oak tree (about 25m high). This is a very impressive feature as well as providing a comprehensive wildlife haven. Since 2015, 2 trees have been cut down (1 for safety reasons) and a further 4 new trees planted. There is an area of shrubbery to the western side. The area’s boundary to the west is mostly wooden slat fencing and the eastern boundary is formed by the kerb and roadside of Briardene and the turning cul de sac. Birdlife includes various types of bluetit, goldfinches, treecreepers, nuthatch, lesser spotted woodpecker as well as bats and owls. In addition, sparrows, a threatened species are also seen. Currently, the grass is maintained by Durham County Council and tree management also provided by DCC. Refer also to plan drawing.
205 Kit's Well Water source located within Lanchester village. Has had two locations (see maps) neither of which exists today. Was NZ 16412 47784 Natural Heritage Natural Feature N/A located near the junction of Kitswell Road and Front Street. Kitswell Road is named after Kit’s Well?
1 Old Railway Line Former Consett to Durham LNER goods and passenger railway line, now Lanchester Valley Walk (developed by NZ 14766 48328 Paths, Routes & Route 1862-1965 Durham County Council in 1980s) for use by walkers, cyclists and horseriders. Diversity of wildlife, pleasant valley Landscape views and links to other railway walks at Broompark, Durham and Lydgetts Junction, Consett (and C2C network). Railway opened 1862, carried iron ore from Middlesbrough to Consett steel works. Passenger line closed 1939, (though occasionally subsequently used for Durham Miners' Gala) and goods line closed 1965. See also LHA ID Nos. 42,and 75. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
198 David Friesner Important open green space within LHA 198a-d Refer to handdrawn map LHA 198 Dfriesner Feb Good Mainenance of trees not CONSIDERABLE - View and open existing housing development. 2016. Conversations with Lanchester residents: maintained; potential for housing space looking north west towards Important wildlife. Access to/from David Friesner, Steve Bailey development with associated loss Iveston. (Refer to hand drawn plan the village and green corridor to of connecting green wildlife route LHA 198 DF Feb 2016). Wedge village heart and open countryside and habitat through estate from shape formed by housing nearby fields and into the village boundaries. It is an important green corridor for people, habitat and wildlife, which links open countryside to the village centre via stepped paths. These areas are an important feature within Lanchester because they provide ready walking access (traffic free) to/from the village.
205 Chris and Kit’s Well existed on the 1861 O/S LHA ID No 205a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Visible Nothing survives. Historical map Nothing surviving Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips map ‘Six inches to One Statue map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- evidence only Mile’ map. Located at junction of to One Statute Mile 1952. http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and- Kitswell Lane (now Road) and Surveyed 1857 wales/ Front Street. Water source exists Printed 1861. LHA on map as a spring located north- ID No 205b O/S map west from the well. Water course scale Printed 1921. marked to the well and then exiting LHA ID No 205c towards the nearby mill. By 1921 2nd/last location of the O/S map shows the well has well between moved closer to the mill and Beaumont house (on appears to take it’s water supply left) and Chirnside from the outlet of the mill. The house (on the right) 2nd/last location of well was between the current Beaumont house (on left) and Chirnside house (on the right) see photo LHA ID No 205c. The well no longer exists or is seen on current O/S mapping
1 Tina Patterson Associated assets LHA ID No 42, LHA 1a-f www.disused-stations.org Good Railway Walk very popular with Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional LHA ID No 75. Veteran trees locals and visitors. Brings trade to adjacent to line are Ash 61134 and local businesses. Beech 56063 LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 5 Dere Street Course of Roman road, impossible to locate where it leads the road, geophysical survey pinpoints some of the route. NZ 16265 46421 Paths, Routes & Buried Roman Traces of the road can be found in the fields as it leaves the scheduled area and heads north via Marjory Flatts Farm Landscape Archaeological and crosses Newbiggen Lane. Site
Dere Street is a major south-north Roman road which originally ran from the legionary headquarters at York to the supply base at Corbridge. The road played a major role in the conquest and control of the Roman North of Britain. Dere Street was later extended to run north through Hadrian’s Wall as far as present-day Melrose in Scotland. The road takes its name from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira, through which it passed. Amongst the antiquarian writers, Dere Street was usually referred to as Watling Street, not to be confused with the Roman road of the same name in the South of England.
Contrary to popular belief, Romans did not always pave their roads with large flat stones. A search for the remains of Dere Street would be looking for a raised agger (mound) about 25 feet in width, made of compacted levels of cobbles or pebbles overlaid with smaller stones or gravel, and with drainage ditches on each side, as can be seen at Binchester. In a field south-east of the Longovicium Roman Fort, a short stretch of the agger is still visible as a low swelling in the field. However, the route of Dere Street is hard to trace in and out of the village because of the effects of deep ploughing and open-cast mining. Even amongst the antiquarians there was much debate as to the exact course of Dere Street as it passes through Lanchester Parish. In 1852 Henry Maclauchlan, that most tireless of Roman road- chasers, was forced to admit that beyond Woodside heading towards Leadgate, the traces of the road were “exceedingly obscure” (p.15).
Nevertheless, in the immediate vicinity of Longovicium Roman fort (LHA160), Dere Street can be seen very clearly on the geophysical surveys which were conducted by Archaeological Services, University of Durham (ASDU) on behalf of the Friends of Longovicium in 2008-9. The road was geophysically surveyed for a total distance of some 750 metres. The surveys revealed that Dere Street runs from the south-east to the north-east side parallel to the east wall of the fort and it was lined on both sides with buildings and a network of side and back streets. Other man-made structures, including side-streets, ditches, pits and enclosures can also be seen on both sides of the street. It is possible that some of the features revealed by the surveys are temples and/or roadside tombs.
The survey of the North vicus (civilian settlement, LHA ) of the Roman fort carried out by ASDU in 2008 clearly showed the line of Dere Street running northwards out of the fort through fields numbered 1190, 1189 and 1188 on the Ordnance Survey map of 1895. However, the 2008 survey revealed that the line proposed by the map was incorrect: Dere Street in fact takes a more easterly line, running just west of the easternmost boundaries of fields 1189 and 1188. Unfortunately, the line of Dere Street then disappears beneath a mining spoil-heap in the north-east corner of Field 1188.
Field 1087, to the north of this, slopes down to the Alderdene Burn and there is much evidence of landslip, surface displacement and wet boggy ground so the course of the road could not be traced. In 2009 the Friends of Longovicium were informed by Mr Gavin Ledger that there was a cobbled surface crossing the Alderdene Burn at NZ15874 which might be Dere Street. However, the uniformly-laid cobbles or “sets” of this crossing seemed to be laid at a tangent to Dere Street rather than in line with it, and the cobbles overlaid a modern water-pipe, which rules out the cobbled surface as a Roman archaeological feature. This area of the burn might warrant further investigation, however, as a Roman crossing might exist beneath the cobbled layers which can be seen today.
A visit by the Friends of Longovicium to Marjory Flatts Farm on 2nd April 2013 in order to try and locate more traces of the line of Dere Street found a large heap of cobbles and pebbles in the spoil heap on the north side of a modern drainage ditch immediately between fields 1188 and 1087 which might have been dug up and removed from the agger of Dere Street. Using a probe on the slope to the Alderdene Burn revealed the presence of a hard surface which could be Dere Street. It is also possible that fields 1088, 1091 and 1090, immediately west and northwest of Marjory Flatts farm, may reveal more evidence of the road if investigated further. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
5 Terri Edwards No photos Adams, C. and Laurence, R. (2011) Travel and Not Visible The remains of Dere Street in Main route by which the Romans Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Geography in the Roman Empire , Abingdon & New Lanchester have already suffered moved through northern Britain York, Routledge. Archaeological Services, Durham greatly from agriculture and open- University (2008a) North vicus at Longovicium, cast mining. There could be further Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey, risks from housing developments Report 1908. (Online) Available at: which are proposed in the area http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi through which Dere Street is veDownload?t=arch-448- thought to run as it leaves Margery 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-41246_1.pdf Flatts and crosses Newbiggen Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008b) Lane East vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey, Report 2102. (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-49825_1.pdf Archaeological Services, Durham University (2009) Land at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey, Report 2313 (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-67506_1.pdf Hutton, G.M. (2011) Roads and routeways in County Durham: 1530-1730, PhD Thesis, University of Durham, Durham E-Theses Online. Available at http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/853 MacLauchlan, H. (1852) MacLauchlan, H. (1852) ) Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1850 and 1851, London, Bradbury & Evans. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UBcHAAAAQA AJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_ r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Friends of Longovicium (2011) Longovicium: A Roman Town at Lanchester, Lanchester, The Lanchester Partnership Adams, C. and Laurence, R. (2011) Travel and Geography in the Roman Empire , Abingdon & New York, Routledge. Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008a) North vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey, Report 1908. (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-41246_1.pdf Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008b) East vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey, Report 2102. (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-49825_1.pdf Archaeological Services, Durham University (2009) Land at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 5 LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
5 geophysical survey, Report 2313 (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-67506_1.pdf Hutton, G.M. (2011) Roads and routeways in County Durham: 1530-1730, PhD Thesis, University of Durham, Durham E-Theses Online. Available at http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/853 MacLauchlan, H. (1852) MacLauchlan, H. (1852) ) Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1850 and 1851, London, Bradbury & Evans. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UBcHAAAAQA AJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_ r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Friends of Longovicium (2011) Longovicium: A Roman Town at Lanchester, Lanchester, The Lanchester Partnership LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 19 Woodlands Hall In 1838, the Sale particulars of the domain of the late Thomas White Esq. (so well known in Scotland and the North of NZ 12403 47179 Paths, Routes & Landscape Pre 1838 grounds England for his excellent taste in laying out parks and pleasure grounds) listed the walled in Kitchen Garden, Orchard, Landscape Pleasure Grounds and Shrubberies laid out with good taste and planted with judgement, in a fine timbered lawn of 18 acres, in which are large and ornamental pieces of water, having the appearance of a river, when viewed from the mansion, the whole forming a delightful country residence. By 2016 the landscaped gardens, now some 3-4 acres, are decayed from their original plan and are somewhat overgrown.
36 Barr Gate Toll There is nothing left to see of the Toll House, it was demolished in the 1960's when the road was straightened. In NZ 16617 46060 Paths, Routes & Ruined Building Not known House picture LHA ID No 36a the ruin of the toll house can be seen on the right hand side of the road, the B6301. The three Landscape cottages on the left side of the road were also demolished during the roadworks. The picture was taken in 1964 prior to the roadworks. The trees surrounding the ruin can now be seen in picture LHA ID No 36c. Picture LHA ID No 36b shows a section of a very early map. It is difficult to date the map, but significantly the Parish Church is shown as St Mary's, a name not used for hundred's of years. The toll house is marked as the Greyhound Inn. Alan Rowe a local resident could remember the ruin and understands that the building served as an inn and a toll house for the footbridge over the River Browney shown at the top of the picture. Alan also mentioned that there was a ford over the river and picture LHA ID No 36d shows the cobble stones in the river bed directly beneath the road bridge.
51 Peth Bank Old pack horse route. Located partly within the Conservation Area. This is an ancient route providing access to and NZ 17387 47561 Paths, Routes & Route 1740 from the village. The ancient tree lined former pack horse route, known locally as 'Pea Lane', dates from approx 1740 Landscape and was the main turnpike route into the village.
53 Drove Road Major A road running North/ South through County Durham. Wide grass verges and stone walls on either side of road. NZ 09125 45677 Paths, Routes & Route 16th/19th Landscape century
54 Drove Road Oxen Law Drove Road. 2 roads one unmetalled leading to Waskerley Way and one metalled road. The former has NZ 07135 45442 Paths, Routes & Route 16th/19th stone walls and the latter wire fencing. Landscape century LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
19 John and Of particular significance to garden LHA 19c Sale details of 1838 in private collection Fair The landscape is not Listed and of particular significance to garden Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable Rosemary Gall historians. Thomas White worked LHA 19d Ordnance Survey map 1862 landscape features need some historians with Capability Brown. attention. “The Mansion House is approached from the high road, by a serpentine drive, through the lawn and pleasure grounds of 18 Acres, in the arrangement of which, Thomas White Esq., the father of the late owner, spared no expense, and has here displayed to the utmost,, his taste and scientific knowledge as a landscape gardener: thus rendering the pleasure grounds of ‘Woodlands’, a much admired specimen of the art.”
36 Stephen and LHA ID No 36a / b / c Information from Alan Rowe who also kindly Not visible High risk of being forgotten about Survival - some, given the Marginal Considerable Marginal Marginal Cath Bailey / d provided the picture (36a) and map (36b) due to lack of physical evidence. condition (non existence) of the building. Story - considerable, whilst no specific stories have been found, the fact that the inn / toll house existed needs recording. Stimulating - marginal, nothing to see! Social - marginal, again due to the lack of physical evidence.
51 Sally Laverick LHA 51a-c Lanchester Conservation Area Document 2016 Poor Becoming overgrown with trees Immense historic importance Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional etc. Litter and fly tipping a problem. Partly located within the Conservation Area so some protection afforded. The route is only partly visible and intact on part of the route.
53 Jane Laycock LHA53a/ 53b/ 53c Roads and Routeways in County Durham 1530 - Good No future developments forseen Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable some Some 1730 .Durham E-theses Hutton, Gillian. history Http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/853/ Wilkipaedia
54 Jane Laycock LHA54a/54b/54c/54d As above plus Lanchester Parish Council Drove Fair Management of fences and stone Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable some some Roda Walk leaflet 2012 walls history LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 55 Coach Road Main road alongside Lanchester village. Beginning as a turnpike road, now designated the A691 NZ 17277 46895 Paths, Routes & Route 1810 Originally coming through the centre of Lanchester village, now by-passed Landscape
63 Stone Gateposts Located on a footpath north-east of Lanchester between Peth Bank and Dowfit Hill NZ 17558 47615 Paths, Routes & Route Unknown Landscape LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
55 Chris and The main road from Durham to LHA ID No 55a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Applicable Original completely Unfortunately the original has been Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips Shotley Bridge did not pass map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- altered/changed. Minimal. completely lost. through Lanchester until 1810, to One Statute Mile 1952 Statutory duty to be maintained by when a turnpike road was built Surveyed 1857 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ Local Authority through the Lanchester valley Printed 1861 The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of replacing what Robert Surtees LHA ID No 55b O/S Durham by Robert Surtees (Published 4 volumes described as a circuitous route map scale 1:25000 between 1816-1840) through the heights. Current/most recent http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/history/1789538.In The new road followed the course version to_medieval_times_for_village_of_Lanchester/ of what is now the A691 from LHA ID No 55c The Story of Lanchester and Satley by Frederick J. Durham until reaching Lanchester, Turnpike road at Wade-page 16 (Published 1970) where it formed a track straight Fenhall junction, Memories of Lanchester by County Durham through the centre of the village Lanchester-historical Books/Elizabeth Gill-page 20 (Published 2003) green. It then continued straight up photo Lanchester's Front Street. LHA ID No 55d All this changed in the early 1970s Turnpike Cottage at with the construction of a new Fenhall junction, bypass that takes the A691 along Lanchester-historical the western edge of the green. The photo old road crossed the green close LHA ID No 55e to where the war memorial now Modern view of road stands and its removal made the at Fenhall junction green bigger than ever. The creation of the bypass also made Front Street a much safer and more pleasing place to walk.
63 Chris and No history/information remains for LHA ID No 63a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Poor Minimal. In a remote location within Remote and hidden. Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips these stone gates map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- woodland. Possible theft or to One Statute Mile 1952 destruction during woodland Surveyed 1857 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ operations? Lack of Printed 1861 understanding. LHA ID No 63b O/S map scale 1:25000 Current/most recent version LHA ID No 63c Photo looking east at stone gateposts (marks a gap in a drystone wall) LHA ID No 63d Photo looking west at stone gateposts (marks a gap in a drystone wall) LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 70 Route along Route along Newbiggen (sometimes spelt Newbiggin) Lane from open countryside past Margery Flatts down to the NZ 15928 47589 Paths, Routes & Landscape 19th Newbiggen Lane junction with Front Street in the village centre. It is very clear from its context, description and setting that Newbiggen Landscape century Lane has been one of the key route ways into and out of Lanchester over several centuries. Whilst it has developed near to the Village centre over the years, various characteristics are still evident and remain today to demonstrate its role, significance and importance to village life through the past 300years or so. It approaches from the south through open countryside and then descends into the valley before its junction with Front Street (western end) in Lanchester. Starting from Front Street, Newbiggen Lane is fronted to the left by the original workhouse (now Library and private dwellings) with the Community Centre on the right. Evidence still exists of the Lanchester Railway Route (now Lanchester Valley Railway Path) crossing Newbiggen Lane. Originally, there was a railway bridge spanning the road. LVRP levels now drop to the road level for users to cross the road. Further evidence is the tall stone retaining walls adjoining the road here by the car park and the social club (see LHA ID No. 104). Housing development took place creating Alderdene (cul de sac), whilst on the right of the road a row of 8 stone traditional terraced houses with some stone walls (Mount Pleasant) line the road, demonstrating past residences of those working locally. Continuing out of the village, additional access to the semi-detached housing on the left is provided by steps down the grassy banked verges (about 2m), whilst bungalows to the right, with conifer and thorn hedging demonstrate further development along the lane. The lower level of the lane is also demonstrated by the retaining stonewalls (1-2m) on the right before the bend to access Broadoak Drive. Again, more open banked verges are clearly visible on the left before the road junction. Conifer and mature native trees (about 20m) line the lane near ‘The Mount’, which has banked access retained by stone walls. On the left, banked verges (approximately 2m high in places) widen out more and are also higher beyond the Broadoak Drive junction, opposite Mount View. On the left, the lane boundary is mostly wooden fencing beyond the banking for the residential semi-detached housing, interspersed with occasional trees approximately 15m high.Thorn hedgerow is evident on the right as are more retaining walls, this time in relatively low level brick, before approaching the Mount View and Mount Park Estate housing development. A number of bungalows, with footpaths, finish the housing line on the right of the Lane, before access to ‘Ridgeway’, a footpath and verged walkway access fronting bungalows with open fields (grazing with wooden stock fencing) and countryside opposite, which travels north to provide access onto the Lanchester Valley Railway Path (LVRP). Banking on the left quickly narrows (at the point of the speed limit signs, and ‘road hump’) to give narrow tarmacked road access (mostly single lane) up the lane towards Margery Flatts and beyond. Road width is about 3.5m at this point. The Lane narrows considerably beyond ‘Ridgeway’ and a tree canopy (about 10m high) is clearly formed my natives trees and similar hedgerow banking and verges on either side (varying between 1-2m). Several native trees are interspersed in the hedgerows and the diversity of the flora contained within them, together with the banked style of verges is testament to the age of the lane, its connectivity and linkages with the village and countryside as an important route way. Tree sizes vary including 6 x 15m, 2 x 25m and 2 x 30m trees before the hedgerow, banking and tree canopy opens out at the entrance to Margery Flatts (Farm). As the lane is accessed between Ridgeway and the entrance to Margery Flatts (Farm), this part of Newbiggen Lane provides considerable impressive views to the west both up and across the valley, across open countryside, woodland and grazed fields (sheep). The ‘green corridor’ is rich in fauna and flora, for example, with sightings of at least 3 different types of owl, including barn owls (A Kelly, Lanchester Wildlife) being reported on numerous occasions, and tawny and little owls.
99 MILESTONE Milestone. Probably 1793 for Gateshead-Wolsingham turnpike. Sandstone. Round-topped block, about 1/2 metre high, NZ 13633 45462 Paths, Routes & Route 1793 LB II 1299404 2822 SOUTH WEST OF with figures 16 painted on side facing road, and incised on slightly different alignment. 7 Visible milestone on the Landscape BROADWOOD corner of the B6296 and Broadwood Lane. Stone is very overgrown and difficult to spot from a distance. See also ID COTTAGES number 149, next stone on the turnpike LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
70 David Friesner Ancient hedgerows and banked LHA 70a-i Abstract of Title relating to the Mount Park Estate Good Surface water flooding down Significant route that demonstrates Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional verges suggesting medieval track Lanchester in the county of Durham. Winskell & Newbiggen Lane; Risk of Lanchester's development over and drove routes linked to Walker (1920) and Wilson & Co, Durham damage/removal of hedgerow and the centuries and connectivity to substantial tree canopy. Wildlife. banking as a result of future the open countryside beyond the Demonstrates clear links to housing development; potential natural development area. It agricultural past loss of wildlife habitat retains several important features much valued by lanchester residents including tree canopy, important hedgerows, open banking and original stone workhouse and school buildings.
99 Stephen and LHA ID No 99a / b / c https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the- Fair Medium, stone is very overgrown Survival - considerable, one of a Considerable Marginal Marginal Marginal Cath Bailey list/results?q=1299404 and could easily disappear number of milestones along the route of the Wolsingham / Gateshead turnpike. Of interest because today that route is not significant, but obviously was in late C18. Story - marginal, no known stories for this particular stone. Stimulating - marginal, hidden by brambles. Social - marginal, not known about and almost invisible. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 102 Allotments Allotments opposite All Saints’ Parish Church accessed from Peth Bank. There is also an allotment site (part of a NZ 16864 47318 Paths, Routes & Landscape c1917 opposite All private residence) to the west of Peth Bank adjacent to Deanery View. The allotments opposite the church are Landscape Saints’ Parish contained within a rectangular area of land between housing developments to the north and south boundaries with Church access via wooden gates on the western edge opening onto Peth Bank. The eastern boundary consists of traditional hedging, including ivy, thorn and some conifers, about 20m in height. The area measures approximately 162m x 26m and it is clear from the appearance of allotments that they have been in use for some years. This rectangular area forms an important ‘green corridor’ into the heart of the village from the fields and countryside immediately accessible along Peth Bank, The church graveyard and along the fringes of the housing estate. The Allotments Association number is S971C and their secretary in 2014 was John Dixon. The area is split into a number of allotment sections, varying in size. There are about 18 strips of allotment laid out, from north to south, with each strip containing from 2 to 4 individual and separate allotments. This gives a total of over 50 allotments in total. Allotment activities create important recreational, leisure, community and health related benefits, as well as enabling allotment holders to enjoy the seasonal produce they have grown and cultivated. Cultivation attracts a host of fauna and flora. Several small scale sheds and greenhouse type structures are in evidence on several allotments. The northern boundary (looking onto semi-detached housing rear gardens) is mostly made up of vertical wooden slat fencing interspersed occasionally with some privet and ivy hedging. The boundary onto the footpath at Peth Bank is mostly privet hedging marked with basic wooden fencing. Immediately on entering through the gates, and on the right hand side, are a number of native trees, including hazel and birch. Initially, the area may have been used as an additional resource for those houses (terraced and semi- detached) that were built lining Durham Road. Most of these houses do not have any formal ‘rear gardens’. Some have rear access and turning points. Others do not and only have more traditional ‘backyards’ as such. The boundary fronting these houses and rear access drives is a mixture of brick built and stone built walling, including semi-circular capping stones, at various heights. Some walling has been incorporated into more substantial outhouses, in places along the boundary, for various purposes. The L-shaped allotment by Deanery View is contained within a traditional low stone walling perimeter with occasional hedging and has been laid out in traditional squared formats. This represents an area of about 0.2 acre, whilst the more formal allotments opposite the church measure about 1.4 acres. There is also a further allotment space immediately adjoining the footpath leading to Deanery View which should be considered similarly.
131 Green Lane in Green lane to the front of Victoria terrace properties (most owners use the rear access for general access). Grassed NZ 16379 47912 Paths, Routes & Landscape 19th front of Victoria area. Used by residents for hanging washing. Landscape century Terrace
136 Drove Road Minor country metalled road bounded by grass verges and well maintained dry stone walls. Walls of double NZ 10300 45756 Paths, Routes & Route 16th/19th construction with small stone infill. Load stones used at intervals and walls topped off with coping stones. Landscape century
138 Drove Road Wide straight metalled road. Stone walls verges and overgrown bushes on either side NZ 09825 45909 Paths, Routes & Route 16th/19th Landscape century
140 Drove Road Wide straight metalled road. Stone walls verges and overgrown bushes on either side NZ 12237 46625 Paths, Routes & Route 16th/19th Landscape century LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
102 David Friesner Also Allotment (private residence) LHA102a-c Bob Russell, Steve Bailey (Lanchester residents), Good Allotment Association unable to The allotments opposite the church Considerable Considerable Some Exceptional west of Peth Bank adjacent to Lanchester Allotment Association, Lanchester manage Allotments under contract and are well established over Deanery View NZ 16998 47508 Parish Council. Websites: from LPC; number of allotment many years. Allotments have been http://lanchesterparish.info/ http://mid- users decreases; operating a feature of our national culture for durham.org.uk/your-area/lanchester/lanchester- finances do not support LT future; well over 100 years. They are partnership lack of overall Allotments enjoyed by many residents, Management; pressure to consider reinforcing an important sense of alternative uses eg housing community spirit as well as offering development a more sustainable way of growing and providing food for personal and local consumption together with leisure activity and other health benefits.
131 Elaine Williams LHA ID 131a Good No vehicle access. Well kept and Lovely area Exceptional Marginal Considerable Considerable maintained by one of the residents. Used for hanging washing
136 Jane Laycock LHA136a/136b/136c/ Roads and Routeways in County Durham 1530 - Good Management of road, verges and Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable some some 136d 1730 .Durham E-theses Hutton, Gillian. stone walls history Http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/853/ Wilkipaedia
138 Jane Laycock LHA138a/138b/ Roads and Routeways in County Durham 1530 - Good Management of road, verges and Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable some some 138c/138d 1730 .Durham E-theses Hutton, Gillian. stone walls history Http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/853/ Wilkipaedia
140 Jane Laycock LHA140a/140b/ 140c Roads and Routeways in County Durham 1530 - Good Management of road, verges and Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable Some some 1730 .Durham E-theses Hutton, Gillian. stone walls. Fly tipping history Http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/853/ Wilkipaedia LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 142 Drove Road Approx 2km length, known as Humberhill Lane. Begins at junction with another Drovers Road, runs north-south NZ 13859 46126 Paths, Routes & Route 18th between Humber Hill house to west and Humber Hill to east, ending at a milestone on B6296 Landscape century
143 Drove Road Approx 2km in length, begins just south of Knitsley Mill, running west-east to Dunleyford House where it joins LHA 142 NZ 12929 47684 Paths, Routes & Route 18th Drove Road Landscape century
147 Drove Road Approx 2km in length, begins in west at Oxen Law, heading eastwards and finishing at the junction with the A68 NZ 08116 45422 Paths, Routes & Route 18th Landscape century
148 Milestone Almost certainly a duplicate of LHA 99 NZ 13606 45532 Paths, Routes & Route unknown Landscape
149 MILESTONE Well maintained and visible, in good condition. 1793 turnpike. NZ 14836 46392 Paths, Routes & Route 1790s LB II 1299403 2821 OPPOSITE SOUTH Landscape END OF HOLLINSIDE TERRACE
151 Milestone Map reference indicates position on Green Lane, but no visible sign and local residents not aware of it NZ 10285 45853 Paths, Routes & Route unknown Landscape LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
142 Chris and On the 1861 O/S map ‘Six inches LHA 142a-c 142a Minimal, Statutory duty to be maintained by Local Good Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable Some some Wendy Phillips to One Statue Mile’ the northern O/S map, 142b View Authority history point of the road is Dunley Ford. north from grid ref, The road direction is south and 142c View south passes (as marked on map) the from grid ref remains of a north Roman aquaduct. This feature is no longer marked on current O/S maps or included in discussions of Longovicium. The milestone at the southern end of the road is marked as Newcastle 16 Wolsingham 7 on the map.
143 Chris and On the 1861 O/S map 6 inches to LHA 143a-c, 143a Minimal, Statutory duty to be maintained by Local Good Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable Some some Wendy Phillips 1 mile western point begins at O/S map 1:25000, Authority history Knitsley School marked as private. 143b View west from School building no longer exists grid ref, 143c View and is not marked on current map. east from grid ref
147 Chris and This is on the line of an old pack LHA 147a-c 147a Minimal, Statutory duty to be maintained by Local Good Iconic thoroughfare with much Considerable Considerable Some some Wendy Phillips horse route which probably carried O/S map 1:25000, Authority history salt as there is a Salter's Gate to 147b View west from the south. The route was also a grid ref, 147c View drovers route presumeably for east from grid ref bringing cattle down from Scotland after the Falkirk Tryst.
148 Stephen and Almost certainly a Fair Survival - considerable, one of a Considerable Marginal Marginal Marginal Cath Bailey duplicate of LHA 99 number of milestones along the route of the Wolsingham / Gateshead turnpike. Of interest because today that route is not significant, but obviously was in late C18. Story - marginal, no known stories for this particular stone. Stimulating - marginal, hidden by brambles. Social - marginal, not known about and almost invisible.
149 Stephen and LHA 149a-b Good Interesting evidence of past route Considerable Considerable Some Considerable Cath Bailey ways and connections
151 Stephen and Not Applicable No evidence found at site Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Cath Bailey LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 152 Partridge Close Partridge Close bridge, twin arch bridge south east of the junction of Holehouse Lane and Ragpath Lane. Bridge NZ 14317 44957 Paths, Routes & Standing 1860s Bridge spans the River Browney almost at the confluence of the Browney and a tributary. Landscape Building
153 MILESTONE This milestone is actually only 5 metres (NOT 50 metres) north of the junction and on the east side of the A68, not the NZ 9167 45596 Paths, Routes & Route 1848 LB II 1185976 1703 CIRCA 50 west side as shown on the OS map. The stone originates from the West Auckland to Corbridge turnpike 1848. The Landscape METRES NORTH stone is very overgrown as can be seen from pictures LHA ID No 153b and d. The best description comes from the OF JUNCTION Historic England website and further information on the turnpike would be available in the Northumberland archives . WITH ELIZA LANE
179 WALLS AND See Listed Building Description NZ 16730 47414 Paths, Routes & Standing Late 17th LB II 1299406 2824 PIERS IN FRONT Although this is called The Deanery under the Listings, it would more correctly be called The Old Parsonage. See LHA Landscape Building century OF THE DEANERY 164 and later
186 BOUNDARY Not visible. Further detail of it's location required to determine actual site and take photographs NZ 7199 43183 Paths, Routes & Route unknown LB II 1233311 2317 STONE AT WEST Landscape SIDE OF FORMER RAILWAY LINE
188 GARDEN WALL Inc in Woodlands Hall, LHA 19 NZ 12448 47220 Paths, Routes & Standing Late 18th - LB II 1299409 2827 NORTH EAST OF Landscape Building Early 19th WOODLANDS Century HALL
189 BOUNDARY Not visible. Further detail of it's location required to determine actual site and take photographs. Residents of NZ 08371 44767 Paths, Routes & Route unknown LB II 1299410 2828 STONE CIRCA 220 Stuartfield Lodge also not aware of this boundary Landscape METRES WEST OF STUARTFIELD LODGE LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
152 Stephen and LHA 152a-f Nothing found Good Low risk, maintained by DCC Survival - some, unusual design. Considerable Marginal Considerable Marginal Cath Bailey Story - marginal, no know stories. Stimulating - considerable, due to it's proximity to the mill and it's unusual design. Social - marginal, from the road the twin arch design is not visible.
153 Stephen and LHA ID No 153a / b / http://www.msocrepository.co.uk/images/milestone/D Fair Relatively low risk, the stone is set Survival - some, given the A68 Some Marginal Marginal Marginal Cath Bailey c / d URHAM/DU_WACO15.jpg Also back from the road, almost invisble still runs from West Auckland to https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list- due to the vegetation and unlikely Corbridge this stone reminds us of entry/1185976 and to be damaged. the early transport infrastructure. http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/59 Story - marginal, on it's own there 12b526-a43c-4063-97d1-11dda967b22f does not seem to be any story relating to this specific stone. Stimulating - marginal, it took three attempts to find this stone. Social - marginal, probably less than 1% of the population of Lanchester know of the stone's existence.
179 John and Rosy LHA 179a-b The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Poor Beech hedge is too high and is The walls and piers are important Considerable Considerable Considerable Some Gall Durham by Robert Surtees 1816 1820 etc affecting the walls and pillars. The visually to the appearance of The Lanchester Parish Registers in the Durham County walls require pointing and are Old Parsonage and the garden is Council Record Office. covered in invasive ivy. reputed to include some important stonework.
186 Stephen and No pictures available Not Applicable No further information available Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Cath Bailey
188 John and Listed section of wall to North of LHA 188a Thesis on Thomas White in Hull University Fair Wall in fair condition though walled Significant when considered Some Some Marginal Marginal Rosemary Gall Hall represents only one side of LHA188b Sale documents of Woodlands Hall 1838 in private garden decayed alongside LHA 19 the original walled garden collection
189 Stephen and No pictures available Not Visible No further information available Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Cath Bailey LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 192 WALLS STEPS Described as part of asset LHA213 - WW1 Memorial. NZ 16796 47378 Paths, Routes & Standing unknown LB II 1320381 3119 PIERS RAILINGS Landscape Building AND GATES TO SOUTH AND EAST OF CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS
194 Bridge over This bridge carries the carriage drive leading from Fenhall Lodge to Greencroft Hall over the Howden Burn. NZ 16387 48558 Paths, Routes & Standing Early 19th Howden Burn It is constructed of tooled ashlar with simple curved coping, with ashlar arch of two courses (one narrow, one deep) Landscape Building century and splayed abutments ending with fine curved pillars. The stream bed is partly paved. On track up to Greencroft.
195 Tree lined avenue The first edition of the OS maps, mid 19C, shows a tree lined drive leading from the Fenhall Lodge of the Greencroft NZ 16485 48416 Paths, Routes & Route 19th Veteran (remains) to Green Estate and crossing the Howden Burn. At this point the drive leaves the Parish of Lanchester and enters that of Landscape century Tree 97284 Croft Lodge Greencroft although in earlier times this was also within the then much larger Lanchester Parish. Few of these trees Beech, now remain but those that do are now veterans and well worth seeing. 4 of the trees are recorded as veterans (2 Veteran Horse Chestnuts, 1 Oak and 1 Beech) on the Woodland Trust’s Ancient Tree Hunt map. For each there is a Tree 97285 description (with photographs) that has been verified independently. 1 of the Horse Chestnuts is also recorded in the Horse Durham Biodiversity Action Plan’s Guide to Veteran Trees. Chestnut, Veteran tree 97286 Horse Chestnut, Notable Tree 97287 Oak
208 Burnhill Junction The Burnhill Junction and Whitehill Junction Cutoff were opened in 1859 to avoid Nanny Mayors Incline north of NZ 06419 44258 Paths, Routes & Route 1858-1968 Waskerley, and enabled locomotives to run through from Sunnyside Top to Carr House , this was closed in 1968 and Landscape then dismantled . Railway line and some stonework still survives.
4 CHURCH OF ALL Some re-used Roman stones, including pillars and inscribed stones. Parish Church at one time known as Church of St NZ 16762 47392 Monuments Standing 12th LB I 1185983 1710 SAINTS Mary, 12th century, possibly incorporating earlier fabric, with 13th century alterations and additions, and 14th and 15th &Religious Places Building century century and later alterations. Sandstone, much of it coursed and squared, and including large blocks, with plinth, quoins and ashlar dressings, roof of Lakeland slate, stone flagged porch roof. Interior lime washed with ashlar dressings. Glass includes three early 13th century sections, other glass includes 19th century memorials. Porch includes various Roman inscribed stones. Well maintained. Floodlit during evenings. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
192 Elaine Williams LHA 192a-b Good Significance based on viewing Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional these railings as part of the war memorial, LHA 213. A worthy and imaginative tribute to the fallen and a significant addition to the setting of the Parish Church
194 Michael LHA ID No 194b Poor It has clearly been neglected and The drive leading from Fenhall Considerable Considerable Considerable Marginal Horsley LHA ID No 194d has lost some of the coping stones Lodge over this bridge on the way LHA ID No 194e and water is leaking through the to Greencroft Hall would have surface of the drive into the burn. impressed both the invited guests Unless it is repaired soon further and other people with business at damage will occur. the Hall. There would be quite There is the risk that over sized story to tell by these various farm machinery will cause people and contribute to the significant damage to the walls and history of the parish over the potentially the collapse of the centuries. bridge.
195 Michael LHA 195a-d A Guide to Veteran Trees, Durham Biodiversity Very Bad The trees have reached maturity Veteran trees at maturity, Some Some Some Some Horsley and Action Plan and most have already been lost. indicating past routeway. Fiona Green Woodland Trust’s Ancient Tree Hunt The few remaining are categorised 1st edition OS as veteran and in decline. Ideally A Guide to Veteran Trees, Durham Biodiversity the avenue would be replanted but Action Plan it is highly unlikely this will happen. Woodland Trust’s Ancient Tree Hunt 1st edition OS A Guide to Veteran Trees, Durham Biodiversity Action Plan Woodland Trust’s Ancient Tree Hunt 1st edition OS
208 Michael Carr No photos Ref. K Hoole 1974 The north east. A regional Not Applicable A reminder of the industrial and Some Some Some Marginal history of the railways of Great Britain vol.4 transport heritage of Lanchester Page(s)192
4 Elaine Williams LHAID4a, LHAID4b, Durham CC Heritage Features website Good Theft of lead Key heritage and social asset for Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional LHAID4c, the village LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 64 Andrew's Pasture The Roman graveyard at Andrew’s Pasture is situated approximately 350m south-west of the Longovicium auxiliary NZ 15611 46671 Monuments Buried Roman Roman Graveyard fort. It has never been fully excavated. As far as is known, it lies within the current scheduled area. &Religious Places Archaeological Site A small-scale excavation took place in the graveyard in 1981 when a gas pipeline from St. Fergus to Bishop Auckland was being installed and a stone-lined cist burial was discovered in the path of the bulldozer (Turner, 1990). The pipeline route was just outside the scheduled area of that time, which had been determined based on the extent of pot scatter on the land surface. The landowner, Mr Austin, had discovered the first burial, thinking that he was uncovering a drainage channel, but then realizing he had made a find of some significance (Turner, 1990). Another similar burial was discovered, and Mr Austin contacted the Lanchester Society of Antiquaries, of whom he was a member. Professional archaeologists were called in the very next day, including Rick Turner, who then directed a rescue excavation at the site (Turner, 1990). A total of 57 burial features were identified by Turner, including stone-lined cist burials and cremation burials. Unfortunately, they had all been damaged by ploughing and by the pipeline contractor’s machinery.
All except 12 of the 57 features seemed to be cremations, but only 7 of these cremations could be securely interpreted as having been placed inside vessels: 5 of these vessels seem to have been placed over the remains. Even allowing for damage to the site, this seemed unusual. Turner believed that many of the remains may have been contained in leather, cloth or wooden receptacles which have not survived (pp.70-1). 5 cremations (and 1 uncertain cremation) contained hobnails but very little else.
Very few grave goods were found in any of the features which Turner excavated, and the majority of the pottery on the site dated to the mid-2nd to the late 3rd century. Of the 12 cist burials, Feature 47 was the only one which produced an impressive pottery find: a complete colour-coated beaker (see Photo section below). Features 13, 20, 24 held a few sherds of pottery, and Features 54 and 55 held some nails which Turner interpreted as coffin nails. Most had no finds at all, which Turner found surprising.
Another notable feature of the cists was their size: though no bones remained to confirm this, the cists seemed too small for anyone other than young children, who had apparently been buried without any metal dress accessories or
shoes with iron hobnails. Turner concluded that the presence of children alongside adults in the graveyard, plus the distance of the graveyard from the fort and from the line of Dere Street, plus the lack of grave goods, meant that the deceased had been people who lived in the vicus rather than in the fort, and that they had been living in poverty.
Turner was clearly disappointed by his discoveries: he described the burials as being “strikingly impoverished” (Turner, 1989). However, 57 features within an area of approximately 30m by 50m is not an inconsiderable amount of archaeology, and when re-interpreted, the physical remains which Turner uncovered reveal some significant points related to the social identities of those who lived and died at Longovicium.
For a start, it is clear from Turner’s own descriptions of the cists that the children were buried with considerable care. The cists were carved directly into the sandstone bedrock and most (Features 1, 5, 3, 14, 20, and 47) were lined on both the floor and sides with sandstone slabs. Features 54 and 55 had clearly contained timber linings or wooden coffins. In addition, Features 1 and 13 contained postholes which may have held grave markers. Even if these children had come from backgrounds in which the level of material wealth was low, it would seem that their families planned to return to the graves to remember them, probably to perform some form of commemorative rites (Weekes, 2008, p.146).
Furthermore, as Turner himself notes, the orientation of the cists was not random: all were situated in an arc between WNW to NNE for their northern ends, and there were two clustered groups of 4 cists each. Turner further noted that boat-shaped cists are very unusual – only two other examples were known in 1990, though similar cists were common in the North East in the Bronze Age (p.74). A principle of structuration is clearly at work here and it may well be tied in with ethnicity (Giddens, 1984, pp.1-40). The same may be said of the cremation burials in the Andrew’s Pasture graveyard. Although apparently lacking in grave goods, these cremation burials were deliberate and structured; furthermore, they ‘mark the conclusion of a particular “funerary sequence”’, (Weekes, 2008, p.154).
In 1981 when Turner excavated the graveyard, funerary remains tended not to be chemically analysed. Turner reported the presence of hobnails, as we have seen, and these were radiographically analysed, but Turner’s report does not LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
64 Terri Edwards LHA 64a Turner, R.C. (1989) ‘A Roman graveyard at Not Visible Exent not known, aretfacts from Relatively few intact Roman Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Marginal Lanchester’, Lanchester Local History Society previous excavations are missing. graveyards in Britain so huge Journal, No.1, pp.11-12. Turner, R.C. (1990) ‘A research potential, but little known Romano-British Graveyard at Lanchester, Durham’, even locally as unmarked. Archaeologica Aeliana, 5th series, Vol. XVIII, pp.63- 77. Parker-Pearson, M (2000) ‘Mortuary practices, society and ideology: an ethno-archaeological study’, in: ed. J. Thomas Interpretive Archaeology: A Reader, Leicester University Press, London and New York. Weekes, J. (2008) ‘Classification and analysis of archaeological contexts for the reconstruction of early Romano-British cremation funerals’, Britannia, Vol.39, pp.145-160 LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 64 include information as to whether the hobnails or other metal objects found in the graves showed any signs of burning (Weekes, 2008, p.148). It could well be the case that dress accessories, particularly more delicate metal fittings on a child’s garments or shoes, did not survive the cremation and burial process as anything more than minute fragments. Besides, the lack of hobnails does not necessarily mean that the children were buried without shoes, as many Romano- British shoes did not include hobnails (Weekes, 2008 p.148).
As a final observation on Turner’s conclusions, it has been suggested by some archaeologists that relative lack of grave goods is not so much an indication of lack of wealth as an indicator of relative stability in the community: monumental forms of burial and the inclusion of grave goods are more likely to accompany periods of upheaval, particularly during conquest phases (Parker-Pearson 1999 p.265).
As a result of Turner’s excavations, the Scheduled area of the Andrew’s Pasture Graveyard was extended. If fully excavated, the graveyard would reveal far more information about the burial practices at Longovicium. Excavation would allow us to judge whether the 57 features found by Turner were typical or not of the burial practices of the fort- dwellers and the inhabitants of the vicus. We would also be able to tie the burial practices to specific periods of time through the analysis of grave goods, particularly pottery, and perhaps also to ethnicity. New technology would allow us to chemically analyse the contents of cremation urns and determine whether metal fragments of items such as dress ornaments and hobnails are present.
119 Wesleyan Church 1819 Methodist Church, later Blacksmiths Shop, now a private house NZ 16707 47533 Monuments Standing 1810 &Religious Places Building
163 WHITE TOMB In grounds of All Saints Church, white chest tomb c 1811 to Thomas White of Woodlands and members of his family to NZ 16802 47431 Monuments Monument 1811 LB II 1115520 86 CIRCA 40 1829. Sandstyone ashlar with plain corner pilasters and moulded top, well cut inscription, with alteration to one of the &Religious Places METRES NORTH dates. White was awarded many gold medals by the Society of Arts and Sciences for his success in establishing EAST OF plantations on the former Lanchester Common. CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS
180 PATRICK TOMB Headstone c. 1744 to Miles Patrick, vicar of Lanchester 1731-44. Pink ashlar sandstone c 1m high. Latin inscription in NZ 16796 47388 Monuments Monument 1744 LB II 1185984 1711 CIRCA 13 square panel with plinth, tooled frame, entablature with pulvinated frieze. Shaped top panel with central low relief open &Religious Places METRES EAST OF book. CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS
199 Catholic All Saints The first church to be built in 1901 was a tin building which had previously served as a chapel at St Nicholas Asylum, NZ 16300 47793 Monuments Standing 1926 Church Gosforth, near Newcastle upon Tyne. The tin church served the parish well for twenty five years, and in 1926 was &Religious Places Building replaced by the present building at a cost of £4500. The church was built to the design of a German architect, Theo Korner, and is of typical Bavarian architectural style and was consecrated and opened on November 3rd 1926 by Bishop Joseph Thorman, Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. it is a lovely little church, and when one enters the building it is not too difficult to notice the sanctuary which is built of Italian marble which came from the unlikely source of the Regent Hotel, The Strand, London. The marble was purchased and presented to the church by Mr Piercy-Taylor- Smith of Colepike Hall who was a decendant of the Taylor family who owned land in the area in the 16th century. Next to the church a convent was built, along with the present school which opened in 1905 by the Bishop. The four nuns living at the convent became teachers at the school and when the convent closed the nuns were transferred back to the mother convent at Esh Laude. The church has been well served over the past 100 years not only by it's parishoners but by several dedicated Parish priests including Fr William V Smith, who was noted for being one of the finest Catholic historians of his day, Fr Vincent Mallaley who served the parish for over 25 years, and our present priest, Canon Robert Spence. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
64
119 Elaine Williams LHA 119 a RA/LA143?840 - Plan for Wesleyan Chapel to be Good Surviving example of Christian Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional built in Lanchester heritage
163 Elaine Williams LHA 163a Poor Inscriptions good quality but need Example of wealth and importance Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Some to consider erosion. of historical residents.
180 Elaine Williams LHA 180a Fair Very weather worn Example of wealth and importance Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Some of historical residents.
199 Sally Laverick LHA 199a-b Good Important role in the community Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 209 WW1 Memorial WW1 Memorial plaque in brass on an oak backboard mounted on the wall in the entrance hall of the Community NZ 164 476 Monuments Monument 1923 WM41766 plaque Centre. The inscription reads "In memory of those who went from lanchester and gave their lives in the Great War…49 &Religious Places names listed…Also in grateful recognition of all who served." Originally the 'centrepiece' of the Memorial Hall (WM41767) which was built on land at the junction of Kitswell Road and Front Street in memory of those who died in WW1. The plaque was unveiled and dedicated in February 1923. The Memorial Hall was demolished in 1985. The plaque was taken down and resited, first in Park House and then the Community Centre in 2015
210 WW2 and (a)WW2 Remembrance Plaque in brass with incised inscription in enamelled black lettering "In remembrance / World NZ 167 472 Monuments Monument c.1947 WM41769, Falklands War War 1935 - 45 /... 2 names.." (b)Falklands Conflict brass plaque inscribed "In Remembrance/ Falklands War 1982/ &Religious Places WM42770 Remembrance Stewart Ian Laing" The plaques were originally sited in the old Council Offices (Park House) but taken down when that Plaques building was sold in 2015 and are currently awaiting relocation.
211 WW1 WW1 Remembrance Plaque sited inside All Saints Parish Church on the north wall. It is a substantial bronze plaque NZ 167 474 Monuments Monument 1920 WM41777 Remembrance with a black laquer coating and is inscribed "In thankfulness and to the honour of Almighty God for the victory of the &Religious Places Plaque British Empire and her Allies in the Great War MDCCCCX1V - MDCCCCXV111 The people of Lanchester set up this tablet as an enduring record of those who went out from among them and for their country and the cause of righteouness most obviosly gave their lives MDCCCCXX ... 43 names... Their names liveth for evermore"
212 WW2 Book of WW2 Book of Remembrance in a glass fronted display case sited at the front of the north aisle in All Saints Parish NZ 167 474 Monuments Monument c.1948 WM41775 Remembrance Church. Each page is simply but beautifully illustrated with 3 names giving the name,rank, regiment,date and place of &Religious Places death and age.
213 WWI Memorial These WW1 Memorial Gates are in wrought iron and flanked by two handsome stone pillars topped with stone finials NZ 167 474 Monuments Monument 1922 WM41776 gates and plaque, which are linked by a wrought iron arch in a foliate pattern. They are located at the NW corner of the churchyard, close &Religious Places All Saints Church to the old Parsonage where they frame the steps of the most used entrance to All Saints Parish Church and grounds. There is a dedicatory brass plaque set set in the top of one of the pillars with the inscription "A memorial to those who died in the Great War whose names are recorded within this Church"
214 WW1 Memorial at A small memorial garden with plaque at the entrance to Officials Terrace, Malton. The bronze plaque has raised black NZ 180 462 Monuments Monument c.1920 Malton lettering set into a low backing wall with concrete capping stones and the inscription "In honoured memory of those men &Religious Places of the firm of Sir S A Sadler Ltd who laid down their lives ...22 names and regiments listed... in defence of King and Country during the Great War 1914 - 18" The company Sir S A Sadler Ltd had owned mines at Malton since 1888 and in 1914 at the outbreak of war they employed 1467 men in their mines. They also provided facilities for workers including a memorial hall and a school. The plaque originally hung in the memorial hall but when this was damaged in a bombing raid it was moved to the house wall at No.1 Officials Terrace. It was later put into storage after the mines closed until the memorial garden was built in 1997 at the instigation of the local residents.
216 The Archaeological site of Major Medieval Buildings. NZ 16734 47450 Monuments Buried 1283-1551 Deanery/Medieval The College was set up in 1283 and was on a moated site with probable gatehouse and bridge entrance. Buildings &Religious Places Archaeological in use, College mentioned include Deanery and Prebends’ Houses, (there were 7 Prebends and a Dean). Site decay and Surtees’ Durham (quoting Hutchinson in 1785) says “The site of the Deanery is still well known – on a plot of ground demolition surrounded by a fosse, a little to the North of the Church. The Old House, partly thatched, which now occupies this prior to c. ground, probably includes no portion of the Ancient buildings.” (This is probably the Deanery Farm?). Large complex in 1770 the centre of the village. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
209 Brian Naylor LHA 209a-c (1) Site visit (B Naylor) Good Possible risk of vandalism as it is A poignant place to display this Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional (2)Www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/41766 easily accessible to the public memorial as many of those listed will probably have attended school in this building.
210 Brian Naylor LHA ID 210a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor). Good Will be lost from public view if a At risk as awaiting relocation Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional (2)Www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/41769 new site is not found. Awaiting the /41770 identification of a suitable site where they can once again be put on public display.
211 Brian Naylor LHA 211a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor). Good No immediate concerns. Has been This plaque is mentioned in the Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional (2)Www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/41777 in situ for over 90 years inscription on the Memorial Gates outside the church
212 Brian Naylor The book was given by members LHA 212a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor). Good No immediate concerns. It is kept A very touching memorial to those Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional of the Lanchester Women's War (2)Www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/41775 in a locked case and away from local people who died in WW2 Working Party in remembrance of direct sunlight those who did not return 1939 - 45
213 Brian Naylor IWM website records the gates as LHA 213a-c (1) Site visit (B Naylor). Good No immediate concerns. Could be A worthy and imaginative tribute to Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional in poor condition in 2000 but they (2)Www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/417 lost if gates were allowed to the fallen and a significant addition have since been fully restored. deteriorate over time. The gates to the setting of the Parish Church 76 and posts have been renovated in recent years and are currently in good condition
214 Brian Naylor The mines were nationalised in LHA 214a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor) (2)Information from local Good Could deteriorate due to vandalism Congratulations to the people of Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional 1947 and were eventually closed. resident (3)www.dmm.org.uk (4)www.newmp.org.uk or lack of maintenance by future Malton for resurrecting this 'lost' After being put into storage,the residents of this small hamlet. Not memorial in such a prominent and plaque was once again put on currently on the IWM register attractive setting. The two small public display when the memorial conifers could be sentries guarding garden was built by the local the memorial residents in 1997
216 John and A Find of a Medieval stone carving LHA 216a-b The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Not applicable Risk of future development on a This is potentially an important site Marginal Exceptional Considerable Marginal Rosemary Gall of a priest in Front Street (now at Durham by William Hutchinson 1785 site which is not recognised as and little appreciated locally. Prospect House) may be part of The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of historically important. Moated sites are rare and normally the Collegiate remains. Durham by Robert Surtees 1816 1820 etc of high status. Great care should 1283 Ordinances for College be taken with regard to possible Cardinal Langley’s Commission of Enquiry into remains on this site and in all Lanchester Church and Deanery – quoted in areas around the Deanery Farm. Surtees as above. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 218 Methodist Church Interior was altered and conserved in late 1990s, to a high standard. NZ 16517 47535 Monuments Standing 1870s &Religious Places Building
3 Burnhopeside Hall These buildings form part of the Burnhopeside Hall estate. The hall was built in the 18th century and enlarged for NZ 18743 46146 Farming & Standing Early C19 LB II* 1116101 101 Farmhouse and William Hedley of "Puffing Billy" fame, the worlds oldest surviving steam locomotive. The majority of the farm buildings Agriculture Building Farm Buildings have been renovated and are now let as residential dwellings. Over one of the main doorways is a piece of railway line reputed to come from Hedley's time. Main "barn" entrance in photo LHA ID No 3f.
14 Greenwell Farm Residential dwelling, currently rented out by the present owner of Greenwell Farm. Clearly has been extended my NZ 16264 45851 Farming & Standing 1696 times including a major restoration / extension in 1944. (See photo LHA ID No 14d) Adjoins buildings and barns of the Agriculture Building working farm.
22 Stuartfield Farm Fine farm buildings. At the time of visiting the exterior walls of the farm building were covered in some form of cladding/ NZ 08497 44960 Farming & Standing 17th/18th insulation. Old stone derelict barn/outhouse at the side. Agriculture Building century LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
218 Sally Laverick LHA 218a-b Good Handsome building in the gothic Considerable Considerable Considerable Exceptional revival style and occupies imposing position in Front Street
3 Stephen and LHA 3f, LHA 3g https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list- Good Low risk Survives well and has connections Considerable Exceptional some Marginal Cath Bailey entry/1116101 to Burnhopeside Hall and William Hedley, in particular the section of railway line. Location and scale is impressive, but location and privacy disconnect it from today's community
14 Stephen and LHA ID 14a-d http://www.british-history.ac.uk/antiquities- Good Low risk Exceptional evidence of 17th Exceptional Considerable Considerable marginal Cath Bailey durham/vol2/pp303-360 century rural economy. Possible connection to Greenwell family dating back to William Greenwell of Ford, died April 14, 1758 aged 63. Attractive setting on valley side overlooking large swaithes of open countryside.
22 Jane Laycock No photographs taken. Tried to No photos Fair Maintenance of buildings Fine farm buildings Some Marginal Marginal Marginal visit the previous owner of the farm to get some history but she was unavailable on 2 visits LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 29 HURBUCK Gated Farmhouse. Hurbuck was known to be a medieval village, long since deserted. Records state its existence but NZ 13994 48336 Farming & Standing 16th LB II 1299408 2826 FARMHOUSE no remains of archaeology have been located. Hurbuck Farmhouse is near the suggested location of the village Agriculture Building Century with 17th and 19th century additions LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
29 Chris and Dere Street the Roman road LHA ID No 29a O/S Good Minimal. Protected as a grade II Early surviving building, on site of Exceptional Considerable Some Marginal Wendy Phillips passes close to this site. Roman map scale Six Inches listed building and in private lost village finds have been discovered to One Statute Mile ownership. nearby and also earlier bronze aze Surveyed 1857 moulds along with later finds Printed 1861 identified as possible Viking in LHA ID No 29b O/S origin. Clearly this area has seen map scale 1:25000 occupation for some considerable Current/most recent time. version Construction of the nearby railway LHA ID No 29c line was almost through the centre Google Maps of Hurbuck Farmhouse. overhead Fortunately the buildings remain. LHA ID No 29d View After the closure of the railway external looking there was a huge amount of north-west from opencast workings adjacent to the south-east corner farmhouse with futher disruption. LHA ID No 29e View After the opencast had finished looking south-east there were continual problems with inside farmhouse the contractor to reinstate the courtyard terrain-which had been prior LHA ID No 29f View agreed. Eventually a comprise was looking west inside reached as too much had been farmhouse courtyard altered and alternate new routes LHA ID No 29g View created around the farmhouse. external looking south from north- west corner LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 35 Manor House The Manor House is half a mile south west of Lanchester, where Manor House Farm stands today. There are no NZ 17603 47113 Farming & Buried Medieval Farm visible remains above ground; the present farm house was built in the mid twentieth century. Agriculture Archaeological In medieval times, it belonged to the Prior of Hexham who held a ‘messuage’ called Maydenstanhall along with seventy Site acres. After dissolution of the monastery of Hexham it passed into private ownership. In the 1500’s John and George Smart held the ‘messuage’ now known as Manestedhed (Manor House), and a parcel of land. They paid four shillings and one penny farthing rent. Messuage = a dwelling house together with its outbuildings, curtilage, and the adjacent land appropriated to its use. Potentially along the course of a Roman road, links to stories of a Roman ghost.
37 Model Dairy on Referred to locally as 'dairy' but described by Wade as a cottage with diamond shaped window panes with date of 1841 NZ 16931 48880 Farming & Standing 1841 Maidenlaw above the door. Modest single story building with two wings. Random rubble with latticed gothic style windows, a Agriculture Building shape echoed on other estate buildings (see Greencroft Tower). Built on a bank which suggests it may have been deliberately located there to be seen from a Summer House on Greencroft estate, located to the north west on a circuit walk in Fence Banks. It would have been and still is visible from the public road.
Believed to have been built on the old Greencroft estate. (Estate mentioned in the Boldon book, a survey of the Bishopric of Durham in 1183. Greencroft Hall was initially built by the Clavering family in 1670. )
The cottage was tenanted by Mr George Muncaster and was near an old drift mine, Muncaster Drift. The cottage later became a cow byre.
Shown on 1857 OS adjacent to Spring Gardens Colliery ( 'old drift' 1939 OS ).
107 Margery Flatts The Margery Flatts Allotments are within an area comprising the Community Orchard. These allotments are managed NZ 15771 47591 Farming & Landscape 19th Allotments by the local Allotment Association and worked on by resident allotment holders. Work within this area is very much a Agriculture century collaborative effort between ‘members of the Orchard Group’ and the allotment holders. The Orchard area is approximately 2-2.5 acres in total. The Allotment Association has a 25year lease on the Allotments. The land is owned by Paul and sonny Shepherd. They purchased the Community Orchard in about 2010. Currently, there are 32 plots with about 37 members, of all ages. No structures higher than 0.8m are allowed to maintain and preserve the open aspect and setting of the Orchard and Allotment site. An overall goal is to promote local food production. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
35 Chris and Later passed to the Hodgsons and LHA ID No 35a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Visible Nothing preserved or remains No standing remains but the Marginal Considerable Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips Stevensons. For a time, it map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- above ground. documentary evidence of the site belonged to a London banker to One Statute Mile 1952 Some underground archaeological is interesting. called David Bevan but had Surveyed 1857 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ evidence may exist but minimal already been demolished and Printed 1861 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/antiquities- and already excavated (1967) replaced with Manor Farm when LHA ID No 35b O/S durham/vol2/pp303-360#h2-0014 Surtees, the Durham historian, map scale 1:25000 http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/history/1789538.In mentioned it in the early 19th Current/most recent to_medieval_times_for_village_of_Lanchester/ century. The remains of the old version The Story of Lanchester and Satley by Frederick J. Manor-House were taken down LHA ID No 35c O/S Wade-page 12 (Published 1970) some years ago. A modern farm- map scale 1:1250 house stands on the site with no Current/most recent visible existence of the original version building(s) LHA ID No 35d View- It is believed a Roman road (AD43 front of Manor House to 410) from Lanchester to Chester-Farm le-Street runs through this site. LHA ID No 35e View- Some of it was seen in the gable end of archaeological excavation of 1967. Hurworth Lodge At the nearby Warriors Bridge in LHA ID No 35f View- 1909 William Greenwell of front of Wynnholme Greenwell Ford found Roman stones. They were 3rd/4th century funeral stones. It is reputed that the ghost of a Roman soldier haunts Warriers Bridge!
37 Fiona Green LHA 37a-c Poor Roofed but in a parlous condition. Considerable significance as one Considerable Considerable Considerable Some Windows bricked up inside of few remaining features of Greencroft Estate.
Considerable significance as a feature in the designed landscape
107 David Friesner LHA 107a-h Good Considerably significant. These Some Marginal Some Exceptional allotments are much valued by the local community providing numerous benefits. They are integrated with the Community Orchard and the open countryside setting which was originally farmed. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 169 WEST BARN AT Barn with stable. Late C19. Coursed sandstone rubble with ashlar quoins and dressings; Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys, 6 NZ 12705 45504 Farming & Standing 19th LB II 1185980 1707 BROADWOOD bays. South elevation to yard has probable original stable in left 3 bays, with flat stone lintels over Dutch door and Agriculture Building Century HOME FARM flanking slatted openings; similar treatment to empty door in fourth bay and to 2 first-floor pitching holes; projecting stone sills. Sixth bay full-height cart entrance has alternate-block jambs. Right return gable has similar cart entrance below boarded gable peak with round-headed central opening. Rear elevation to road has louvred first-floor vnetilation panel at left. Included for group value.
178 DEANERY House with farm storage, C18; barn added early C19; storage and part of barn converted to domestic use late C19. NZ 16734 47450 Farming & Standing Early 18th LB II 1185982 1709 FARMHOUSE AND Roughly-coursed rubble with irregular quoins to house, square quoins to barn. House roof stone-flagged, barn French Agriculture Building century, COTTAGE WITH tiles, rear outshuts corrugated asbestos. Brick and stone stacks. House 2 storeys, 2 wide bays. Boarded door at left, with activity ATTACHED BARN C20 door at right. Late C19 sashes in box frames at left, early C20 cross casements at right, small C19 casement at far on site right on first floor; all have stone sills and lintels, those of cross casements renewed. Gutter and flat stone eaves course since 1283 to graduated stone-flagged roof with top course of alternating 'jack tiles' forming the ridge. Corniced central stack with 3 hexagonal pots. Lower 2-storey, irregular 3-bay barn extension has 2 doors in alternating jambs, 3 slits, 2 boarded and one slatted openings; cross casements on both floors at left (domestic part). Rear outshut along domestic parts. Interior: tie-and-collar-beam roof trusses with principals crossed at apex to form seating for a stout ridge piece which supports the jack tiles. This building may be on or adjacent to the major Medieval College site at Lanchester
191 EAST BARN AT Barn, byres and cart shed. Late C19. Coursed sandstone rubble with ashlar quoins and dressings; red tile ventilation NZ 12728 45509 Farming & Standing Late 19th LB II 1320292 3114 BROADWOOD pipes; Welsh slate roof. 2-storey, 7-bay barn and one-storey, 2-bay cart-shed. South elevation to yard has round- Agriculture Building Century HOME FARM headed openings with voussoirs to byre doors in second and fifth bays and to full-height cart entrance in seventh bay; similar heads to slatted openings flanking first door and at left of second; plain wood lintel to vehicle entrance in sixth bay. 3 wide first-floor pitching doors have 2 or 3 boarded divisions. One-storey cart shed at right has plain wood lintel over vehicle entrance in left bay. Right return gable of 2-storey part has tall round- headed cart entrance. Triangular groups of 6 ventilation pipes, regularly spaced, flanking high cart entrances. Rear elevation to road has 2 round- headed ground-floor boarded openings and 4 wide louvred loft ventilation panels.
2 HAMSTEELS Built by two of the Tempest family sisters of Little Holmside Hall, near Stanley, who were able to live in some style. The NZ 17416 44886 Housing & Standing Early 18th LB II* 1115409 79 HALL house has fine internal fittings, including a complete room with early 18th century panelling, further panelling in Accommodation Building Century FARMHOUSE bedrooms and panelled doors. A fine dog leg staircase and some good fireplaces. Meat hooks still in kitchen ceiling. The charitable donations made by the sisters on their deaths are remarkably detailed and socially fascinating. The house is a remarkable survival.
6 NEW FIELD Formerly Greenwell Ford. House later partly altered to become a Roman Catholic chapel, now 3 flats. Home to the NZ 16827 46433 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1115502 85 HOUSE (also Greenwell family, including birthplace of poet Dora Greenwell in 1821, and William Greenwell (b.1820), later Canon, Accommodation Building century, known as pioneering archaeologist and inventor of the Greenwell's Glory (fishing fly). Should be one word: 'Newfield'. See Listed with Newfield House Building description for more information about the building. The Listing, however, only applies to the house. There are probable and formerly a number of fascinating features on this site – a Georgian sunken parterre garden, early walls, pillars and stone settlement Greenwell Ford). fountain, as well as a Georgian stone lined pond and some fine trees. There is a large walled kitchen garden with of the site handmade brick. Above the door to this garden is a stone doorhead with date 1696 with the Greenwell coat of arms. It from 17th is likely that this came originally from Fenhall, also a Greenwell property. The dividing wall between the two large century or gardens would appear to consist of facing stones from the Roman fort. To the rear of the house are 19th century earlier. stables, which appear also to be built with facing stones from the fort. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
169 Jane Laycock Discussion with chauffeur on No photos National Heritage List Good Continued maintenance. Change This interesting building has been Considerable some Marginal Marginal building but would not allow of ownership fortunate in having an owner who photographs to be taken has had the funding and wherewithal to restore it and manage the upkeep.
178 John and These elements are an important LHA 178a The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Good None recorded Good Vernacular buildings with Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Rosemary Gall part of the church / parsonage / LHA 178b Durham by William Hutchinson 1785 rare survival of wrestler stone Deanery grouping. The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of slates along ridge of main Durham by Robert Surtees 1816 1820 etc farmhouse. An important part of A Historical Topographical and Descriptive View of the village setting. the County Palatine of Durham by E. Mackenzie and Probably part of the site of the M. Ross 1834 Medieval Deanery / College.. An important site visually and probably historically in archaeological terms. One of few buildings in County Durham to have this traditional roof ridging.
191 Jane Laycock Discussion with chauffeur on No photos National Heritage List Good Continued maintenance. Change This interesting building has been Considerable Some Some Marginal building but would not allow of ownership fortunate in having an owner who photographs to be taken has had the funding and wherewithal to restore it and manage the upkeep.
2 John and LHA Id no.2a, LHA Id Durham Wills in Durham County Record Office Fair Condition of the fabric of the Higly significant, particularly in Exceptional Exceptional Some Some Rosemary Gall no.2b, LHA Id no.2c, building both internal and external. terms of survival. LHA Id no.2d Gardens have been lost
6 John and Wonderful story about the LHA Id no.6a, LHA Id Multiple references to Greenwell Family. The garden Good The house is in good condition. Fine House with some loss i.e. Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Rosemary Gall Greenwell Family on this site. The no.6b, LHA Id no.6c, is mentioned in The Life of Dora Greenwell (the NB.The lack of Listing to protect Cumberland slate has been family included Generals, Judges, LHA Id no.6d poet). Notable People and Places in the the garden around the house from replaced with Marley tiles in the a Poet, Churchmen, and Lanchester and Derwent Valleys by George change may present a significant 1970s. Gardens are very fine and Collectors and Archaeologists of Neasham. Site visit to Gasgoyne family. A Fly risk in future. The stables are in a wonderful setting. This is the National Importance. Canon Fishing History by Dr. Andrew N. Herd derelict and structurally unsound, best surviving garden in the valley. Greenwell was a famous angler though are in different ownership. who created Greenwell’s Glory – More research required into the world renowned trout fly. garden features. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 7 West Park (Ford House moved from Crookhall, Consett by George Neasham Described by N Pevsner as a plain Regency Villa with a NZ 165 468 Housing & Standing 1900 Lane/Road) House double flight of entrance steps with a lyre patterned balustrade. Accommodation Building
8 Upper Houses Much altered but still essentially a 17th century stone built farmhouse of cross passage type. The house has a very NZ 14820 46777 Housing & Standing 1650 and Farmhouse similar floor plan to Hollinside Old Hall – both properties were owned by the Wilkinson family in the 17th century. ‘Over Accommodation Building later Houses’ was the usual name for the farm at this period.The frontage retains signs of mullion windows now replaced. A wall opposite the front of the farmhouse is built of coarsed ashlar stone, from the facing walls of the Roman Fort. In the late 18th century, the farm was owned by the Greenwell family, who also owned the Fort. Roman/Celtic stones have been found at the Farm.
9 Hollinside Old Hall Hollinside Old Hall is a 17th century long house with cross passage, which may have some earlier building at east end. NZ 14869 46345 Housing & Standing 1660s and The existing building is of stone, some of which is from the Roman Fort. Major alterations took place c. 1710 and 1770, Accommodation Building later with major restoration in 2006. Roman stone masons’ tools were found in the front garden and also a saddle quern was found on the site. Restoration in 2006 included mullion windows to the front and re-instatement of cross passage front door, and also pantile and stone flagged roofs. Built probably by the Wilkinson family of Harperley (Weardale) and Harperley (Kyo) and also Upper Houses. Thomas, who built the 1770s wing was Parish Clerk for 40 years and was interviewed by John Hodgson for his 1804 book on the re-use of Roman stone from the Fort. Internal features include a fine oak roof and beams, three bread ovens, a triple arched fireplace, built in cupboards and Roman stones including a small altar and a half section of a large altar, matching the other half at Greenwell Ford. The garden includes a cup and ring stone, pillars originally from the north gate of Greencroft Hall near Lanchester. Adjacent goose house has unusually large quoins. Remainder of the farm is from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
10 Hollinside Hall Coal owner's house built 1890 for John Urwin. Architect John Rutter. The house is built from the stone quarries on NZ 14893 46394 Housing & Standing 1890 Humber Hill, with rear service wing. Chauffeur's house now in separate ownership (see Hollinside Lodge). The Accommodation Building chimneys are of Ferens and Love bricks. Has been modernised recently and is in good order. The house has been occupied by a series of professional families including: Adams (Adam's toffe of Durham), Johnson (Builder/Developer), Colonel Methven (in charge of team valley Estate development in 1930s), Doctor Fox, Walter Upsall. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
7 Marian Built in 1900 by George Neesham LHA 7a-b N Pevsner County Durham. Lanchester in old Good In private ownership so limited Marks the start of the village on the Considerable Exceptional Considerable Marginal Morrison using reclaimed stones from Crook pictures Lilian Dixon Lancheter books. access route from Esh, with an interesting Hall Consett. Once used as village history. Registry office . Pictures 47 in Lanchester in old pictures. This property marks the start of the village from Esh along Ford Lane as it becomes Ford Road.
8 John and May well have Roman stones in LHA 8a-b Parish Records and books. Wills at Durham County Good None recorded Fine early 18th century staircase Considerable Considerable Some Some Rosemary Gall the farmhouse and buildings Record Office. Oral history from local people and and oak beams from the 17th owners Wally and Cissy Austin. Joe Hedley (Horned century build. Horned God found God) see book Celtic Britain by Dr. Anne Ross near pig styes, probably from 1920s steam ploughing of field North of Fort.
9 John and Previously listed as Grade 3, LHA 9a-d John Hodgson – Longovicium – a Vision Parish Good Farm buildings are in poor Fine house with interesting Exceptional Considerable Considerable Considerable Rosemary Gall delisted during the 1980s. Registers of Lanchester Durham Wills DCRO – condition features and garden. Has more plans and alterations relating to 1890s changes. surviving features than most Various editions of Ordnance Survey maps. Tithe farmhouses in the area. Given the maps of the area. springs at the rear of the farm, the site may be an early settlement. The quarries on the hill above the farm may have been worked in Roman times. The Wilkinson family were important in the Parish and further afield, i.e. Wilkinson County in USA.
10 John and The house was built for John LHA 10a Plans and 1920s Sale Particulars of John Urwin’s Good None recorded Strong links to mining heritage of Considerable Considerable Some Considerable Rosemary Gall Urwin, coal owner. He bought the LHA Id no.10b Estate are in Durham County Record Office. Lanchester, namely Hollinside, small estate at Hollinside Hall Oral information from Gall family. Middlewood, and Colepike. Farm and was involved with opening out the coal potential with Ferens and Love.The 1892 Terrace was built, shortly after his own house, for the miners working the coal under Hollinside, Middlewood and Colepike. The relation of Hollinside Terrace to the Hall, may be the reason for the fine quality of build of these pit houses, which are in full view of the Coal Owner’s own house. The pit only worked for 25-30 years. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 11 HOLLINSIDE Built 1892 by architect John Rutter. Terrace of 18 houses, built in 1892 for Ferens and Love drift mine, ‘Colepike and NZ 15013 46280 Housing & Standing 1892 LB II 1320276 3113 TERRACE Greenwell Drifts’. The stone was from the quarries above Hollinside Farm, with feature quoins in fireclay from the brick Accommodation Building flats at Cornsay Colliery. The Terrace was supplied with coal by a narrow guage rail track from the drifts in the wood above Throstle Nest Farm. There were problems with the waggonway way leave which resulted in the closure of the mine before 1923. There are plans of the Terrace in Durham County Record Office dated 1892, with Architect John Rutter, who also worked on Hollinside Hall for John Urwin. Ferens and Love bricks were also used. Part of Roman aqueduct runs in front of the terrace.
12 Throstle Nest Fine early 18th century (probably) farmhouse and buildings, originally part of the Colepike Estate. Farm buildings have NZ 15453 45666 Housing & Standing Early 18th Farm the characteristic ‘skew stones’ to gable at 50 degree slope, typical of thatched buildings in the region. These now Accommodation Building Century have pantiles fitted.
15 COLEPIKE HALL Colepike Hall and farm, Medieval Estate with Victorian Improvements, home of Stoney Bowes, origin of the phrase NZ 14551 46001 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1116083 98 AND ATTACHED 'Stoney Broke' . Farm has dry stone walls which have been used for competitions and training in the past. Line of Accommodation Building Century WALL aqueduct runs in front of the site but no longer visible.Site of deserted medieval village. Associated Assets are walls, piers and terraces Listed Building No.s 116052 (HER 97) and 1185978 (HER1705).
17 Broadwood Hall Victorian mansion built by Edward Taylor Smith in 1875. Pulled down in 1960 and new home built for the late Sir Tom NZ 12768 45507 Housing & Standing 19th Cowie. Lady Cowie still resides there and no access given. Apparently original cellars are still in existance. Accommodation Building century
19 WOODLANDS House. Early C19 for Thomas White. Thinly-rendered sandstone rubble with quoins, plinth and ashlar dressings; roof of NZ 12403 47179 Housing & Standing Late 18th LB II 1185992 1719 HALL graduated Lakeland slate. 2 storeys, 3 bays. 6 nosed steps up to central Tuscan porch; half-glazed door and sidelights Accommodation Building Century under segmental radial fanlight. 12-pane sash above has flat stone lintel, projecting stone sill, and label mould. Flanking full-height canted bays with stone mullions; all windows have fine glazing bars. Bands at top of plinth, slightly above ground-floor sill level, and at first floor level. Top gutter cornice. Low-pitched hipped roof has central well, and 2 wide, corniced ashlar chimneys each with single row of square yellow pots. 2-bay left return has French window at left; trompe l'oeil sash in right first-floor bay; similar sashes on first floor of right return, which has basement with panelled door in plain stone surround, and irregular fenestration. Interior: 6-panel doors in panelled reveals and architraves. Stair in curved well has wreath and curtail. Built by Thomas White the elder, designer of Raby Castle and one of Capability Brown's followers. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
11 John and LHA 11a-d Oral history from local people. Good None recorded Probably the best built street of Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Rosemary Gall 1920s Sale records in DCRO pitmen’s houses built in County Durham, with the officials’ houses at either end and services / pay Office / shop across the back street. Fascinating community following the closure of the main mine in the early 1920s. The entire street was purchased by the Wilson family in the late 1920s and then sold off.
12 John and My father, C.N.Gall remembered LHA 12a-c Fair Possible redevelopment The survival of traces of thatch is Exceptional Considerable Considerable Some Rosemary Gall Mr.Legge, the farmer, rubbing salt unusual in the parish – the into the calves’ backs to keep the handmade pantiles look very fine. witches away! (Early 1930s).
15 Paul Jackson LHA 15a-b Good impressive listed building Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Considerable
17 Jane Laycock No access given. LHA17 More About Lanchester - Lillian Dixon Not Visible Unknown Some historical features remain Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal from original house.
19 John and Thomas White is a major LHA 19a-d Thesis on Thomas White in Hull University Good House receiving attention Highly significant. Estate still has Considerable Exceptional Considerable Marginal Rosemary Gall Landscape Designer. He worked Sale documents of Woodlands Hall 1838 in private quite an impact on the landscape. at first with Capability Brown and collection then extensively on his own Plaque in Lanchester Church account. His son continued these Society of Arts Transactions 1787 works, but the Estate was sold in Life of John Hodgson by Raine 1846. The house decayed to become farmhouse status, but is now a separate residence. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 27 Little Greencroft Fine building. Marked as farmhouse on O/S map. On the O/S 1861 map the buildings are surrounded by managed NZ 12550 48951 Housing & Standing 1773 landscaped gardens. No public access/footpaths Accommodation Building LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
27 Chris and Little Greencroft Farmhouse is LHA ID No 27a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Poor In private ownership (recently sold Surviving early building. Considerable Some Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips situated near Delves/Knitsley map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- and changed hands) Current Grange. It was built in 1773 by Mr to One Statute Mile 1952 owner undertaking extensive Robert Bellamy after the division of Surveyed 1857 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ building works and restoration in Lanchester Common. Originally Printed 1861 The Story of Lanchester and Satley by Frederick J. sympathy where possible with constructed/known as Little LHA ID No 27b O/S Wade-page 79 (Published 1970) existing/original buildings Greencroft Hall before changing to map scale Six Inches Little Greencroft Farmhouse. After to One Statute Mile the death of Robert Bellamy the Surveyed 1857 hall and estate passed to his son Printed 1861 David Comyn Bellamy J.P. who LHA ID No 27c O/S lived at Little Greencroft until his map scale 1:25000 death in 1887 aged 80. His son, Current/most recent Edmund Bellamy J.P. took over version the estate until his death in the LHA ID No 27d 1900’s where it was sold and Google Maps passed into the ownership of overhead Consett Iron Company. LHA ID No 27e The Farmhouse and associated Building plan/layout buildings were in some state of from November 2013 disrepair at the last recent sale and sale brochure the new owner has embarked on LHA ID No 27f restoration. See photo LHA ID No External view north- 27e for the building plan/layout west copied from from November 2013 sale November 2013 sale brochure as listed below brochure 1. Little Greencroft Farmhouse LHA ID No 27g 2. Little Greencroft Cottage External view of east 3. Little Greencroft Lodge side of Little 4. Single Storey Traditional Stone Greencroft Courtyard Building (GEA 95 sq.m) Farmhouse and 5. Two Storey Traditional Stone Cottage-looking Courtyard Building (GEA 503 north-west sq.m) LHA ID No 27h 6. Stone Store 7.6m x 4.37m External view of 7. Dilapidated Steel Framed 5 Bay south side of Dutch Barn 22.86m x 7.01m buildings 5 and 3 8. Pole Barn 4.5m x 10.26m with gable end of 9. Single Storey Traditional Stone building 2-looking Outbuilding (GEA 62 sq.m) north-west 10. Stone Lean-to (GEA 41 sq.m) LHA ID No 27i 11. Stone Lean-to (GEA 25 sq.m) External view of west 12. Steel framed 4 Bay Dutch Barn side of buildings 10 18.28m x 5.48m and 9 stone lean-to’s- 13. Pole Barn 13.03m x 5.52m looking south 14. Lean-to 7.26m x 5.55m LHA ID No 27j View into enclosed courtyard through stone gateway between buildings 4 LHA ID No 27k Inner courtyard view south- west of building 5 LHA ID No 27l LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 27
30 Newbiggin Much altered settlement, which, in the 1970s comprised three farms, East, Middle and West Newbiggin. NZ 14783 47608 Housing & Standing Medieval Contracted Village Only one operational farmstead remains - West Newbiggin Farmhouse is a fine mid 19th century building. Accommodation Building and later Most other farm buildings have been converted into separate dwelling houses.
33 HUMBER HOUSE Plain four square farm house, probably post 1770, with stone flagged/ grey slate roof. NZ 13706 46591 Housing & Standing Late 18th LB II 1185991 1718 FARMHOUSE Accommodation Building century
120 Peth Cottage Oldest house in the village, with carved stone heads. Roman stone in wall of the cottage was found when a wall NZ 16504 47595 Housing & Standing Medieval collapsed in the 1960s by Brian Greenwell, owner at the time. Building refurbished in twentieth century. Accommodation Building origins
123 LANCHESTER Old mature trees in front of the house. House painted incised stucco with painted ashlar dressings, 2 storeys and 3 NZ 16504 47595 Housing & Standing Mid 18th LB II 1320434 3120 HOUSE WITH bays Accommodation Building century WALLS IN FRONT LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
27 Inner courtyard view west of corner building 5 LHA ID No 27m Inner courtyard view north- west of building 5 LHA ID No 27n Inner courtyard view north- east of building 4 and entrance-way into courtyard LHA ID No 27o Inner courtyard rear of Little Greencroft Farmhouse and Cottage-looking south-east
30 John and Mentioned by Peter Clack in LHA Id no.30a None recorded Not Applicable Tells the story of population and Some Some Some Some Rosemary Gall Pevsner’s introduction as a lifestyle changes over time. deserted medieval village. Modern development over recent Interesting contracted settlement, decades. though it is probable that the remains of the Medieval settlement have been destroyed by opencast operations, which have encroached on the settlement since the 1960s. 19th century Directories indicate more domestic dwellings with a cobblers etc.
33 John and With the exception of the roof, this LHA Id no.33a Fair Externally appears to be in need of Moderately interesting listed Some Some Some Some Rosemary Gall building would not appear to be LHA Id no.33b maintenance. Badly rendered building worthy of its Listed status. The below two upper windows. farmhouse may have been built by the Greenwell family of Greenwell Ford after the 1770s Enclosures on Lanchester Common
120 Elaine Williams LHA 120a-c R Tomlin Roman Inscriptions in Britain Good Oldest house in the village Considerable Some Considerable Marginal
123 Elaine Williams LHA ID 123a, LHA ID Good No direct access to the rear Good example of building from this Exceptional Some Considerable Considerable 123b, LHA ID 123c, entrance, access is via Lanchester period, survives well. Cottage next door. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 164 THE DEANERY More correctly known as The Old Parsonage. Note that this is not The Deanery but The Old Parsonage. NZ 16742 47417 Housing & Standing Late 17th / LB II 1115559 88 The existing building may be on the site of the Medieval Chantry. See also Listed Building Description Accommodation Building early 18th The front garden was paved in the late 1700s, with stones which included possible Saxon lettering. The building has a century? most interesting layout, with blocked doors and windows. The Old A large garden to the rear impinges on the graveyard of the church. Parsonage The roof is now of Welsh slate, however would have been roofed either with pantiles or stone. has had later additions. In the late 1800s a Vicarage was built on Cadger Bank replacing The Old Parsonage .
166 FENHALL LODGE From Listed Building Descripiton: “Lodge to Greencroft Hall (now demolished). Early C19. Sandstone ashlar with raised NZ 16545 48359 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1116332 120 quoins; Welsh slate roof. Tudor style. One storey, 3 bays. Central canted projection contains 4-panel double door in Accommodation Building Century Tudor-arched surround; similar surrounds to flanking windows, with lattice leading, recessed in rectangular panels. Dripmould over door. Low-pitched roof, projecting over central bay, with deep eaves. Central stack, with 2 octagonal shafts with plinths and coping. Rear has matching central projection. C20 rear one-storey addition not of interest.”
Sir Thomas Clavering, 7th Baronet (19 June 1719 – 14 October 1794) succeeded to the Baronetcy of Axwell and to the family estates on the death of his father in 1748. Prior to his succession he lived at Greencroft Hall, Greencroft, Durham, a spacious mansion built by his grandfather James Clavering (1647–1721) in the late 17th century.(Wikipedia) The Lodge is pictured in Lanchester in Old Picture Postcards It is also featured in the Greencroft Walk in Lanchester Heritage Walks
167 PIERS AND Extract from HE: NZ 16554 48340 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1185966 1693 WALLS SOUTH “Walls and piers to Fenhall Lodge at west entrance to Greencroft Hall (now demolished). Early C19. Sandstone ashlar. Accommodation Building Century EAST OF Quadrant walls ending in 4 square piers, of tooled ashlar with top bands and pyramidal cushion copings; pecked FENHALL LODGE margined ashlar walls have nosed coping. Renewed spike-headed railings, and gates swept up at sides.”
170 THE LODGE The Lodge is a large square, handsome stone built house on an elevated bank to the East of the Smallhope Burn and NZ 16663 47665 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1185981 1708 the A691. The grounds extend to the burn before the construction of the bypass (A691) in 1969. The present house is Accommodation Building century not the original, which was known as the White House; the current building was erected in the early 1800s. The present owner believes that part of the cellar/basement is of medieval origin. Pebble dash render removed 8 years ago, original windows visible at the rear. Once owned by the Ornsby family.
181 PROSPECT Coursed squared sandstone rubble with quoins and pointed tooled ashlar dressings, stone flagged roof. 2 stoerys, 3 NZ 16489 47270 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1185985 1712 HOUSE bays, plus extension of 2 lower storeys and 2 bays. Former pub. Accommodation Building Century
182 BROOKVILLA Coursed squared sandstone with quoins and ashlar dressings, welsh slate roof, 2 storeys, 2 bays. Steeply pitched NZ 16654 47501 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1185986 1713 hipped roof. On village green (LHA 76) Accommodation Building Century LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
164 John and There is mention made in Surtees LHA 164a-d The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Poor The building appears to be in This building is important visually Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Rosemary Gall of marked/worked stones on this Durham by William Hutchinson 1785 considerable need of to the grouping of the Church / Old site. The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of maintenance. Window frames in Parsonage / Deanery complex. Durham By Robert Surtees 1816 1820 etc poor condition and all pointing It may well be on the site of a Lanchester Church Records in DCCRO needs attention Medieval Chantry.
166 Michael LHA ID No 166a National Heritage List Good The Lodge is set within the The Lodge is what would have Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable Horsley LHA ID No 166b Wikipedia perimeter woodland planting of the been seen by people travelling LHA ID No 166c Lanchester in Old Postcards, Eric Burns Greencroft estate. This woodland from Lanchester to Maiden Law Lanchester Heritage Walks, Greencroft Walk has reached maturity as it decays and would have reminded them the setting of the Lodge will suffer that they were passing close to the significantly. home of a family with considerable local influence.
167 Michael LHA 167a-b Good The walls are set within the The Lodge and hence the walls Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable Horsley perimeter woodland planting of the and piers are what would have Greencroft estate. This woodland been seen by people travelling has reached maturity as it decays from Lanchester to Maiden Law the setting of the Lodge will suffer and would have reminded them significantly. that they were passing close to the home of a family with considerable local influence.
170 Jill Gladstone Several nearby trees have been LHA 170a-j Conversaations with John Gall. Surtees "History of Poor Issues with damp and in need of Prominent house and grounds on Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional recorded by the ancient tree Durham", conversations with present and previous maintenance site of earlier important house, forum. Well in grounds may have owners, historical image available in "Lanchester in handsome building with historic medieval origins. Characterful site Times Past" by Lillian Dixon pg 43. background of long habitation. with attractive mature trees.
181 Elaine Williams Unable to access the building or LHA 181a-c Good Good example of building from this Exceptional Some Some Marginal speak to owners. period, survives well.
182 Elaine Williams LHA ID 182a, LHA ID Good Well maintained Well built house, in prominent Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional 182b, position on Village Green LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 185 BIGGIN FARM 17th Century house, some 18th Century interior timber features-beams, cupboards and wooden screen. Linked to the NZ 18557 45126 Housing & Standing 17th LB II 1185993 1720 COTTAGE last sale of a wife! Accommodation Building Century
190 BURNHOPESIDE Burnhopeside Hall is a significant country house set in it's own grounds to the west of the A691 about 2 miles south of NZ 18669 46186 Housing & Standing Early C19 LB II* 1299442 2850 HALL Lanchester. A detailed description of the building can be found on the Historic England website. Since listing the Accommodation Building owner has restored a number of the rooms to their former glory. e.g the billiard room with roof lights and chandeliers. Work on the grounds continues (see the LHA ID No3 the Ice House) and the walled garden is slowly being restored. A significant lean-too greenhouse has been installed. Picture LHA ID No 190d shows the detail above the windows on the north side of the house. It is thought that these were designed by John Dobson, a local architect who had a significant impact on development in Newcastle. Picture LHA ID No 190i is included for interest. It is known as the vicar's garden and folklore has it that there is an underground tunnel to the local church. This is very unlikely, but an interesting tale.
215 The Mount, A large detached property dating back to c1850 with sizeable grounds. It was originally called 'Belle Vue 'but changed NZ 162 475 Housing & Standing c.1850 Newbiggen Lane its name to 'The Mount' c1950. A small extension, modern garages, replacement windows and solar panels have been Accommodation Building added in recent years but it still retains much of its original character. The front of the house is very well finished in cut stone blocks whereas the rest of the original house has a mainly random stone finish. The modern side extension is stone built but other changes at the back of the house have a rendered finish. The grounds are still the original size and include a number of mature trees.
217 Ornsby Hill House Ornsby Hill House probably has its origins in the later-C18, and it retains its original footprint and its dwelling/byre NZ 16630 48441 Housing & Standing 18th division. Original fabric survives although the rendering of the main elevation has obscured evidence of the building's Accommodation Building century evolution. Some original openings survive including pitching doors to the byre and a central door with over light and date stone to the dwelling. The interior plan appears to have been remodelled with an original stair window now lighting an attic stair ladder suggesting that the original staircase has been removed, and there is no trace of a ‘coffin chute'. While the roof structure retains historic trusses all other members are modern replacements. Overall,it is considered that the present interior plan of the dwelling does not reflect its original layout. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
185 Chris and LHA ID No 147a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Good Minimal. Protected as listed Grade II listed building, with much Considerable Some Some Marginal Wendy Phillips map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- asset/Grade II. Occupied in private fabric surviving to One Statute Mile 1952. http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and- ownership Surveyed 1857 wales/ Printed 1861. LHA ID No 147b O/S map scale 1:25000. LHA ID No 147c Exterior view looking at the north side of Biggen Farm Cottage-roof line. LHA ID No 147d Exterior view looking at the north side of Biggen Farm Cottage-gable end. LHA ID No 147e Exterior view looking at the south side of Biggen Farm Cottage.
190 Stephen and LHA ID 190a-i https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list- Good Low, current owner is committed to Exceptional survival and Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Some Cath Bailey entry/1299442 Also Ms C Hewitt, current owner restoring where possible associations with William Hedley, engineer. the building shows his who kindly allowed us to photograph the house, great wealth. Attractive building in farm buildings and interior of the hall. See also for beautiful grounds and setting. video of interior Many residents probably not aware https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nb-fzHEyeKQ. of its links to Hedley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dobson_(archite ct)
215 Brian Naylor LHA215a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor) (2)Old photos of Lanchester Good Unsympathetic alterations could be It is still a 'handsome' property. Considerable Considerable Considerable Some CD (3)www.keystothepast.info made by future owners Originally it stood alone in the countryside but now because of the size of the grounds, it is a haven of green surrounded by modern estates.
217 Fiona Green Proposal to list the building was LHA 217a-d Poor Interesting building but subject to a Some Some Some Some rejected due to lack of original large amount of alteration over the fabric and the numerous years. alterations. Building currently empty and deteriorating. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 221 ICEHOUSE CIRCA A brick "tunnel" leading into the storage chamber underground. The building apears to go into the hillside, but has NZ 18757 46203 Housing & Standing Early 19th LB II 1185977 1704 100 METRES probably been built and then covered over. Quite recently the owner of the Hall and ice-house has removed a lot of Accommodation Building Century NORTH EAST OF vegetation to prevent the roots damaging the structure. Accees is prevented by a large steel sheet, probably replacing BURNHOPESIDE the original door. HALL
13 Colepike Mill Mill buildings NZ 15814 45475 Industry, Standing 17th Engineering, Building century Trade & Commerce
16 SMITH OPPOSITE From Historic England website, Smithy and outbuildings. Late C18/early C19. Coursed sandstone rubble with ashlar NZ 13593 45460 Industry, Standing Late C18 LB II 1185979 1706 BROADWOOD dressings and irregular quoins; roofs of pantiles and stone flags, with rendered chimneys. One storey; 3 bays in each of Engineering, Building COTTAGES 3 builds, 9 bays in all. Central boarded Dutch door in irregular stone jambs under flat stone lintel; similar lintel and Trade & projecting stone sill to small 4-pane light at left; larger blocked window at right. Forge to right of this build has central Commerce boarded vehicle doors, and iron tethering ring at left. Outbuilding at left end has similar vehicle doors and small square window. Roofs of differing pitches, the central steeper, with square stack mid-slope on forge at right, and banded right end chimney. Left return gable has passage between front and rear parts. Currently a residential property with the two forges visible in the western end of the building.
18 Midge Hole Site of Sawmill, built by the White family of Woodlands Hall, for their extensive timber plantations c. 1840s. Sale NZ 12113 46157 Industry, Buried Pre 1840 Sawmill document shows the water-powered sawmill, dam and mill race near a small cottage (now demolished) on the Rippon Engineering, Archaeological burn, known as Midge Hole. Water powered Mill, part of the Woodlands Hall planned / economic Landscape by Trade & Site Thomas White. Commerce
21 Iron Furnaces Medieval iron furnaces located at the rear of Sheepwalks Farm. No public access (private). Origins unknown. On the NZ 10828 46600 Industry, Buried Medieval 1861 O/S map ‘Six inches to One Statue Mile’ no evidence of any iron furnaces. Engineering, Archaeological Trade & Site Commerce LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
221 Stephen and LHA 221a-e https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list- Good Low risk - current owner is Survival considerable, connection Considerable Exceptional Considerable Marginal Cath Bailey entry/1185977 Ms C Hewitt, current owner of the ensuring that the ice-house is to Willaim Hedley. Very interesting preserved Burnhopeside Hall building. Some way from the village, on a private estate and not visible from local roads.
13 Not known No photos Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional
16 Stephen and LHA 16a- e https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list- Good No obvious risks. Recent change Good surviving remains Exceptional Some Some Considerable Cath Bailey entry/1185979 Current owner how kindly of ownership and current owner including interior features, obviously plans to maintain house allowed us to photograph inside the house although in current form the and enhance the garden original use of the building is unclear to the passerby. Considerable social significance, given it's setting in the countryside and distant from major centres of habitation.
18 John and Buried archaeological site so no No photos Sale particulars of Woodland Hall in the 1840s in Not Applicable None recorded Industrial heritage but not visible Some Some Some Some Rosemary Gall photos taken. 1914/1918 War private collection. Rhyme passed on by Mary Kipling 1862 1st Edn Ordnance Survey. “The Canadians came from across the seas And timber made of our beautiful trees” (about Woodlands being felled out.)
21 Chris and On the 1861 O/S map ‘Six inches LHA ID No 21a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Visible Little if no evidence. No public Important as evidence for early Some Some Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips to One Statue Mile’ no evidence of map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- access (private land) Suggested industry in the parish. any iron furnaces. to One Statute Mile 1952. http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and- location is buried under huge Currently unable to gain access Surveyed 1857 wales/ mound rubbish/debris because of Printed 1861 1. Private land (access refused, LHA ID No 21b working machinery etc) Google Maps 2. Suggested location of iron overhead furnaces at the rear of the farm is LHA ID No 21c covered by huge mound of farm Sheepwalks Farm debris/waste and rubbish entrance LHA ID No 21d View north-west from public road showing rubbish heap at rear of farm (furnace remains underneath?) LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 26 Hurbuck Hoard In 1861 a hoard of Anglo Saxon iron objects were discovered by an angler buried in the Smallhope Burn river bank, a NZ 14402 48038 Industry, Artefact Find Anglo- Accessione mile and a half west of Lanchester, near Hurbuck. The British Museum acquired the items from Rev. William Greenwell Engineering, Saxon d to the in 1912. Items held in storage. Artefacts include knife/blade/tools/scythe. Trade & British Commerce Museum No. 19120723. 2
38 Moor Leazes Mine Underground ‘witherite’ mineral workings. Were some surface buildings. NZ 18048 47993 Industry, Buried 1932-1958 Witherite (Borum Carbonate) is a rare mineral. It was only found in two locations in the UK-the coal seams near Engineering, Archaeological Burnhope and Fourstones, Northumberland. It was used as a filler in paints and paper and, being soluble is very Trade & Site poisonous. It was found in irregular deposits and the rats, which were common in the colliery, used to leave the area Commerce when the workings came near the witherite. The witherite was taken to Morrison Colliery station (washing plant) for sorting and shipping. Currently nothing exists or is visible above ground No public access to the field where the mine workings existed (private).After the discovery of witherite in 1928 (during coal mining from Morrison North Pit) a shaft was sunk (1932) at Moor Leazes Farm for the purpose of riding the men into the workings who were to mine/extract this mineral. The miners had to adapt to different working conditions as the workings were very deep and very wet-pumps were in continual use. The mineral was also poisonous-several ponies used for underground haulage were found dead in the underground stables after eating fodder which had been transported in the same tubs as had been used for transporting the mineral. Steps were then taken to avoid any recurrence of this type of accident. On reaching the surface, large wood doors closed over the shaft in order to allow a normal sized mine tub to be placed in position to collect the mineral from the hoppit. The tub was then hauled manually along the gantry to a tippler and hopper. From the hopper, road transport was utilised in carrying the mineral to the treatment plant situated about two miles away from the mine at the Morrison North Pit where it was processed The total output from 1932 to 1958 was 233,579 tons of witherite, on average 150-200 men were employed
39 Fenhall Drift Mine Active drift mine 1954-64 employing 190 people underground and 40 on the surface at its most productive in 1961. NZ 16700 48400 Industry, Landscape 1954 The area has now been landscaped and is heavily wooded with only a pitface to show the previous workings. Engineering, Trade & Commerce
40 A.J.Sirus Factory Site only of factory which produced cosmetics and plastic vanity products etc from 1940s to1960s. (Perhaps some NZ 17210 46915 Industry, Other 1940s- site (London, examples of their products may survive in the village). It gave employment to many young women from the village of Engineering, 1960s Toronto and New Lanchester as well as from surrounding areas. The factory was demolished and there are now houses on the site. Trade & York) Commerce LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
26 Tina Patterson Currently held in the British No photos www.britishmuseum.org Poor Currently in storage in British Hidden away in the museum and Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Some Museum,images available online Museum so little access, in danger in danger of being forgotten. Of of being forgotten. significance to the area where so much more history is linked to Romans.
38 Chris and Opened 1932 when the witherite LHA ID No 38a O/S Mining Witherite in North-West Durham Not Visible No evidence or remains exist to Nothing survives but a significant Marginal Exceptional Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips was discovered during coal mining map scale O/S map http://www.dmm.org.uk/colguard/6308-30.htm see. No public access (private story in terms of the industry of the (from Morrison North Pit Colliery). scale 1:25000 (Dated land) Parish. The witherite was located in a fault 1952) Mining Witherite in North-West Durham- fissure above and below the LHA ID No 38b plans/drawings deepest coal workings. A new Location plan http://www.dmm.org.uk/colguard/6308-pix.htm shaft was sunk at the witherite LHA ID No 38c location (Moor Leazes Farm). It Modern view of Morrison North Pit and the Discovery of Witherite-by supplied the needs of the world original mine/shaft Robert Hind demand for witherite. There are no location looking http://www.durhamintime.org.uk/durham_miner/morri mines now producing witherite, northwards. No son_north.pdf demand is supplied by a chemical remains visible substitute. Closed in 1958, all BBC/WWII Peoples War-personal story of buildings/surface structures were employment at this location during WWII demolished-nothing visible http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/ remains 31/a2894231.shtml
The Story of Lanchester and Satley by Frederick J. Wade-page 59 (Published 1970)
39 Jill Gladstone Focus of the banner made in 1960 LHA ID No 39a, LHA Historical photograph of site in 1952 available in Not Applicable Very little surviving evidence bar Part of Lanchester's history but Marginal Considerable Considerable Marginal and displayed at the Durham ID No 39b, LHA ID "Memories of County Durham" published 2003. documentary records. growing less significant as visible Miner's Gala in 1961. Banner was No 39c evidence disappears. returned to Lanchester in 2012 and refurbished, and a replica was made. On July 24th 2014 the village paraded the banner, the band played, and school children danced around the maypole, a very happy day. Banner is now displayed in teh Parish Church, close to the altar on the south wall.
40 John and All evidence now gone LHA 40a Local memories and photographs. Not Applicable None recorded Employment in the village. After Marginal Considerable Some Some Rosemary Gall the closure of the Work House in Lanchester, this firm was the only major employer in the village. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 41 Buckham's In 1901 there were two Buckham families in Lanchester (as mentioned in the Whellans Directory). NZ 16414 47332 Industry, Documentary Mid-Late Sawmill John Buckham was the steam sawmill owner (he was also known as a builder, contractor and timber merchant) Engineering, Evidence 19th The sawmill was extensive-timber yards and steam saw mills (all owned by John Buckham). These premises were Trade & Century connected to North Eastern railway by means of a private siding. The works were lit by gas manufactured on the Commerce premises. Nothing remaining on site John Buckham resided at Alderdean (or Allerdene) House which was adjacent to the sawmills. John had three sons. One, a Thomas Buckham who was a doctor. Thomas never married and died in 1925. Doctor Thomas Buckham owned the first car in Lanchester. John Buckham was also the first owner (1900’s) of Alderdene Drift Mine (also known as Alderdean Drift) before it’s sale in 1920’s to Sir S.A. Sadler Ltd (LHA ID Number 44 for the Drift Mine)
43 Lanchester Underground coal workings, were some surface buildings. Currently nothing exists or is visible above ground NZ 15643 47990 Industry, Buried 1583-1950 Colliery No public access to the field where the colliery/mine workings existed (private). Engineering, Archaeological Trade & Site Commerce LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
41 Chris and No trace of the sawmill exists LHA ID No 41a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Visible Nothing survives (of the sawmill). Nothing exists relating to the Marginal Considerable Marginal Some Wendy Phillips today. The sawmill location is now map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- Historical map evidence only sawmill. There is minimal story modern housing known as to One Statute Mile 1952 relating to this industrial site. The ‘Woodlea. The railway siding is 1923 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ private residence adjacent to the also no longer visible. The house LHA ID No 41b Rootsweb Ancestry sawmill (Alderdene House) owned (Alderdene) owned/occupied by Historical photo- http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/NORT and lived in by John Buckham is John Buckham still exists in its workers at HUMBRIA/2003-04/1049680793 a fine surviving example of location. Buckham’s Sawmills. Durham Mining Museum Victorian housing in Lanchester Steam engine and http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/a025.htm saw machinery The Story of Lanchester and Satley by Frederick J. LHA ID No 41c Wade-page 36 (Published 1970) Historical photo- Memories of Lanchester by County Durham railway sidings into Books/Elizabeth Gill-pages 15 and 37 (Published Buckham’s Sawmills 2003) LHA ID No 41d Historical photo-John Buckham, sawmill owner, outside Alderdene, his residence LHA ID No 41e Current view of Alderdene House, original residence of John Buckham, sawmill owner
43 Chris and On 8th Jan 1583 the Lord Bishop LHA ID No 43a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Visible No evidence or remains exist to Nothing survives but important part Marginal Some Marginal Marginal Wendy Phillips of Durham gave a lease to Henry map scale O/S map Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- see. No public access (private of the industrial story of lanchester. Derrick to work coal here. In 1611 scale 1:25000 (Dated 1952 land) it is mentioned that all villagers 1952) http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ were expected to contribute (work) LHA ID No 43b O/S Durham Mining Museum at this “Cole Pitt” A yearly rental of map scale 1:25000 http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/l051.htm 6 shillings and 8 pence was paid to Current/most recent The Story of Lanchester and Satley by Frederick J. the Lord of the Manor. version Wade-page 73 (Published 1970) Coal was worked in industrial scale LHA ID No 43c Memories of Lanchester by County Durham when ‘Ferens and Love’ sank the Google Maps Books/Elizabeth Gill-page 41 (Published 2003) first shaft in the 1880’s overhead Changed hands several times until LHA ID No 43d Miner closed approx Oct 1933. The working the original shaft was closed but Brockwell Seam- nearby drift mines Brockwell Drift historical photo and then Harvey & Tilley Drift (still LHA ID No 43e known as Lanchester Colliery) Modern view-looking began operation until they also northwards across closed in 1950. Mining operations the Colliery site ceased. The Busty Seam was the original source of coal at this colliery and occured across two locations at a depth of 40 feet and further down at 49 feet. The upper LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 43
44 Alderdene Drift Site of Drift Mine under Upper Houses Farm land – thought to be operated by Mr. Buckham (of Buckham’s Sawmill). NZ 15612 47360 Industry, Earthworks c.1900 Mine Iron stained water leaks from the old level mouth. Engineering, Trade & Commerce
56 Partridge Close Derelict building, formerly a water powered corn mill. Owned and operated by the Thompson family who also installed, NZ 14236 44974 Industry, Ruined Building 19th Watermill owned and operated mills across the North East in the 19th century. Document headed "Heather Thompson January Engineering, century 2014" gives details of some of the Thompsons of Durham and suggests how they spread across the county as a result Trade & of their business, building maintaining and operating mills. Commerce 58 Humberhill Site of Drift Mine under Humberhill. It was part of the Victory Pit complex near Crookhall, Consett, to which it was NZ 14108 46802 Industry, Other 1930s- Driftmine connected by a rope-hauled waggonway. This ran via Hurbuck Cottages to the main colliery. Several seams were Engineering, 1950s worked including the 12 ft coal, (Two seams came together with a stone band of 4 inches separating them). Trade & Bob Raine remembered the difficulty of working such a height of coal during the 1939/45 War. It required a lot of Commerce timbering. ‘We had to stand on the tubs of coal to hew the roof coal down’. Nothing survives except for a few remains of the waggonway. Reasonable size when operational.
61 Donnelly Ford Overgrown site of post stone quarry, now largely filled in. NZ 13800 47500 Industry, Earthworks 1770 and Stone Quarry When the adjacent land was opencast in the 1960s, the stone was placed in a very large pile, 80-100 ft high, looking Engineering, later just like a mound of gate posts. The stone was some of the best in the valley. Trade & Commerce LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
43 seam was the most productive at 6 feet in width whilst the lower seam was less than 2 feet wide. When the colliery closed (1930’s) it was working at a depth of 116 feet to get the Brockwell Seam which was just over 2 feet in width. Maximum employment was in the 1930’s when approx 44 men were in work. After the shaft closed in 1933 a similiar number were employed in the Brockwell Drift, with a dwindling number employed until closure in 1950. The Harvey & Tilley Drift when also closed in 1950 was employing 17 men
44 John and Buckham and family ran sawmill in No photos Mentioned by a Canadian descendant of Buckham, Not Applicable None recorded Part of Lanchester's industrial Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Rosemary Gall Lanchester village and were during a visit to the village in 2015. heritage, but little now visible involved with various schemes in the Parish and area.
56 Stephen and LHA 56a-c Information from Ray Thompson, grandson of the Very bad High risk, not being maintained Survival - some, given the Some Considerable Some Marginal Cath Bailey owners in the 1930's. Ray also lived there when the and gradually falling down condition of the building. Story - mill was a ruin even then. Also had tremendous help considerable, an example of the Thompson's influence across the from Heather, Mr Thompson's daughter who had 58 John and No photos taken. Site opencast – No photos Oral history memoirs from Bob Raine of Hollinside, Not Applicable None recorded Industrial heritage but little visible Marginal Some Marginal Marginal Rosemary Gall traces of waggonway to Hurbuck. also from George Piggins of Blackhill, who worked in today The Victory Pit was worked by the drift and sang ‘The Victory Lads’ to John Gall. Consett Iron Company, after they purchased some of the Hollinside / Humberhill grounds in the late 1920s.
61 John and LHA 61a Enclosure Plan details Fair Infilling of quarry workings One of many quarries in the area, Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Rosemary Gall most of which have been filled in and are now completely lost LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 62 Humber Hill Stone Remains of workings of Humberhill Free Quarry adjacent to the Trig Point on Humber Hill. The quarry was partially filled NZ 18211 45963 Industry, Earthworks 1770s and Quarry and Trig in by Opencast working to the west of the hill. Freeholders of the Parish could take stone without charge, for their own Engineering, later point use (not for sale however) as part of the Enclosure Award of the 1770s. This is one of the great view points of the Trade & Parish! Commerce
69 Roman Quarry Unknown site, possibly on Peth Bank unknown unknown unknown Industry, Other Roman Engineering, Trade & Commerce
77 Stretch of Roman In Sawmill Wood, not seen recently, last seen c. 2000 NZ 12373 46246 Industry, Other Roman Aquaduct Engineering, Trade & Commerce
78 Stretch of Roman At Hollinside, visible from B6296 road NZ 1472 4599 Industry, Buried Roman Aquaduct Engineering, Archaeological Trade & Site Commerce
81 High Dam for Part of water system for Longovicium, destroyed in the 1920s/30s NZ 10419 46786 Industry, Buried 1st Roman Aquaduct Engineering, Archaeological Century Trade & Site Commerce LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
62 John and A condition of the Enclosure Award LHA 62a Copy of 1770 Lanchester Fell Enclosure Award. Fair None recorded Part of the industrial heritage of the Some Some Some Some Rosemary Gall was to allocate many quarries to LHA 62b Oral recollections. valley, and great views of the the Freeholders to compensate for Parish from this point. the loss of their rights to the Fell lands. The Trig Point was part of the triangulation for the Ordnance Survey, and has 360 degree views. Historian and Curate of Lanchester in the early 1800s, John Hodgson saw some remains on the Hill which he surmised were from a signal station of the Roman period. This area has probably been quarried away, though some metal detecting finds reported in adjoining fields.
69 Terri Edwards No photos Not Visible Highly significant part of the Some Considerable Marginal Marginal Roman heritage of Lanchester, but site uknown
77 Terri Edwards No photos Not Visible Important Roman area Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional
78 Terri Edwards LHA 78a Poor Important Roman area Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional
81 Jill Gladstone No photos Not Visible Extremely rare examples of Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional construction LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 88 Route and open Route and open space from Newbiggen Lane to Brook View and Lanchester Station House along Lanchester Valley NZ 16374 47455 Industry, Landscape 1860s space from Railway Path. Refer to hand drawn plan LHA 88 DFriesner Feb 2016. This area is part of the Lanchester Valley Railway Engineering, Newbiggen Lane Path (LVRP). It includes the section of open space from the entrance to the car park off Newbiggen Lane, following the Trade & to Brook View direction of the LVRP towards the original Lanchester Station building (now a private residence) and platform. The area Commerce also extends via the bridge over Alderdene (sometimes spelt Alderdean) Brook to a grassed ‘triangular’ open space section adjoining Brook View and another rectangular grassed open space alongside the housing at the other side of Brook View which is next to the housing accessed off Station Road including the original Lanchester Station Building and residences at Woodlea. This larger area represents the London and North East Railways development of Lanchester station during the 19th century. Several buildings and railway lines were constructed within this area. Their detail can be shown from the historic maps on the Durham County Records Office website. One of the earliest maps shows several train lines ‘fanning out’ before the station, with associated buildings. These features represent what may be commonly described as railway ‘sidings’ or ‘junctions’. The c1860 historic map shows that the area was known as ‘Relleymill Junction’. It isn’t known what the term ‘Relleymill’ refers too at this time. The railway was developed during this time to provide materials and services for the Iron and Steel Company founded at Consett, higher up the valley. The railway later provided passenger services too. The railway opened in 1862 and closed in 1966 with the Beecham review. Lines were removed in 1967. This area forms a very important setting demonstrating Lanchester’s development during the 19th and early 20th centuries and the wider context of Lanchester and its role in connection with the Iron and Steel Industry (Consett Ironworks). The open space referred to enables the visitor to readily visualise and imagine the railway, its route, and many activities that would have been undertaken in the heart of the village at Lanchester Station and in the adjoining sidings (junction). The area was approached by train by 2 bridges (now demolished), one to the west over Newbiggen Lane and the second along to the east leaving Lanchester, over Station Road. The rise and fall of this area as it approaches both roads indicates where the railway bridges and banking would have created an embankment levelling the train line through Lanchester. This is further demonstrated when you look at the northern boundary where the railway line and property adjoined the original workhouse buildings and land (to the north), now residential housing development. The open grassed area which forms not only a very important historic record of Lanchester’s industrial past and connections (especially with Consett) is a very important and significant ‘green corridor’ linking the whole of the village together and also the surrounding fields and open countryside. It is rich in fauna and flora and a very important leisure amenity for walkers, cyclists and horse-riders. It also enables residents and visitors alike to access the village without using their cars and also by keeping away from busy roads. The surrounding boundaries include several important historic characteristics when reviewed in relation to building materials, techniques and details. Accessing this area immediately off Newbiggen lane, via the small tarmacked carpark, an impressive tiered stonewall, approximately 2-3m in places, can be seen which forms the northern boundary edge between what was then the Workhouse (area and buildings) and the line of the railway. It is topped in places by remains of the original ‘iron railings’ – so often a feature of railway lines within the UK. This gives way to wooden fencing, hedgerows with laurel, ivy and interspersed with trees before the stepped access is reached leading to Lee Hill Court and the rest of the village at Front Street. This route is a tarmacked path, about 2m in width and the areas either side are grassed with the grassed area to the south being sculpted and landscaped to form a feature. Several native trees and shrubs are growing in clusters on this grassed area. Immediately on entering from Newbiggen Lane, and on either side, are blocks of low shrubs and tree cover between 8-10m high. A tarmac path leads over a wooden bridge, edged with stone walling about 1.5m high, which sits across Alderdene Burn. Immediately over the bridge, the area opens out to form a triangular section edging the Burn, and adjoin the road (Brook View). Shrubs and trees continue along the Burn’s route. The stone walling is topped with impressive semi-circular stone capping pieces. Dressed markings are clearly visible showing where the stone has been worked on. This is also a feature along the length of the stone wall (Workhouse side).Housing development has been undertaken at Brook View and wooden fencing encloses the rear gardens of these properties. The open space continues and finished to the east of Brook View adjoin Woodlea. Viewing the area from these two locations at Brook View give a clear indication of how the Sidings / Junction might have appeared along from the main Lanchester Station. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
88 David Friesner Important open green corridor LHA 88a-h Refer to handdrawn map LHA 88 DFriesner Feb Good DCC unable to maintain regular Open and traffic free area at the Considerable Considerable Considerable Exceptional space to ' from the centre of the 2016. Coversations with Michael Carr, Chris upkeep of Lanchester Railway heart of the village regularly used village. Demonstrates industrial Phillips, Lanchester residentsGIS Maps Durham, Valley Path; Lanchester Parish by residents for access to /from and railway connectivity with search Lanchester all maps and historical maps Council unable to maintain housing areas and to/from the Lanchester http://www.durhamrecordoffice.org.uk/Pages/Maps1. grasscutting of grass spaces and railway line walk. Green corridor aspx ; London & NE Railway archive associated woodland; alternative for wildlife, demonstrates links with http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/l/lanchester/ uses of land considered eg car railway with several railway https://www.railscot.co.uk/Lanchester_Railway_Exte parking , housing development; buildings including station house, nsion/index.php loss of industrial heritage context platform, embankments, walls and http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/d1 and setting - station and relleymill iron railings. 57981b-2dde-4a93-a9f5-761d48f61147 junction and sidings interpretation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanchester_Valley_Rail Possible threat from planned flood way protection project. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 121 Station House Village station house on the Lanchester Valley Branch opened in 1862. Built by the North Eastern Railway. Closed to NZ 16455 47388 Industry, Standing 1862 passengers 1.5.1939, closed completely 5.7.1965. (disused stations web site - Nick Catford). Currently used as a Engineering, Building domestic dwelling. Platform adjoins the Valley Walk railway line. Building and platform clearly visible. The Lanchester Trade & Valley line ran between Relly Mill Junction, south of Durham and linked to the Stockton and Darlington. The line was Commerce used to transport iron ore from Cleveland and Cumberland to the Derwent Iron Co at Consett.
Architect - Thomas Prosser born 1816-17. The design for Lanchester was used on three other routes. Pately Bridge Branch (1862), the North Yorkshire and Cleveland route from Castleton to Grosmont (1865) and the Goathland line in North Yorkshire (see Harry Potter films). He is chiefly known for his modification and completion of Dobson's portico at Newcastle Central Station, Leeds New Station (1869) and most of all for York Station.
155 LODGE WELL One of six wells in Lanchester. The only well of six in Lanchester that is still visible. In 1900 this was thought by NZ 16676 47606 Industry, Standing Medieval LB II 1115582 90 CIRCA 100 villagers to give the freshest, cleanest water. There are several natural springs in the higher neighbouring slopes. This Engineering, Building possibly METRES TO stream was culverted for 150yards as it passed under the area now known as Larkspur Cottage before emerging in the Trade & SOUTH OF THE well which is visible from the A691. Stone walls with coping stones, two stone steps leading down to the water. There Commerce LODGE was a story that a child drowned in the well and it was modified by railings and then closed after this.
158 Tub Line Coal transportation (Hollinside). It is said that there was a tub line running along the back of the houses with a weigh NZ 15028 46274 Industry, Route Late 19th office at the end, opposite number 18. By 1942 the only evidence of this was a continual line of brick built water Engineering, century closets, coalhouses, ash bin areas culminating in the weigh house. Trade & Commerce
161 Malton Colliery The firm Sir S A Sadler Ltd operated coal mines ( mainly drift mines) in the Malton area from 1888 to 1947 when the NZ 18211 45963 Industry, Other c.1896 and Aerial mines were nationalised. It was a substantial operation. As well as all the buildings and other infrastructure associated Engineering, Ropeway with mining (eg coke ovens, tub ways, gas works, blacksmiths shop etc), the company also provided houses for the Trade & officials and some workers, a school ( 2 classrooms and a playground) and a miners welfare hall. Records show 227 Commerce people employed in 1896, 452 in 1914, 479 in 1923 and 262 in 1947. There was a station at Malton to transport the final products to either the Consett Iron and Steel Co. or to Durham and the NE coastal ports. The Hilltop mine was linked to the coke ovens at Malton by an aerial ropeway which at 3250 yards long was one of the longest ropeways in England. During WW2 two bombs were dropped on Malton on 26 March 1942 which destroyed the benzolene and creosote plants and blew the roof off the colliery power house. All mining ceased at Malton in 1961. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
121 Stephen and LHA 121a-d Fiona Green, previous owner of the Station House. Good Low risk Varied significance, Survival - Exceptional Considerable Considerable Considerable Cath Bailey https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanchester_Valley_Rail exceptional, classic example of way http://www.disused- 19th century station building. stations.org.uk/l/lanchester/ Story - some, through connection http://spellerweb.net/rhindex/UKRH/NorthEastern/La to the architect Thomas Prosser. nchester.html see also: Stimulating - considerable, Biddle, G (1973) Victorian Stations through its close proximity to the Fawcett, G (2001) A History of North Eastern village centre and visibilty from the Railway Architecture Vols 1 & 2 Valley Walk. Social - considerable Whittle, G (1971) The Railways of Consett and North through demonstration of link to East Durham the significant steel works at Consett, 4 miles up the line.
155 Jill Gladstone LHA ID No 155a, Site visit and lcoal knowledge, historical image Fair Until recently overgrown although Part of Lanchester's heritage over Considerable Considerable Considerable Some LHA ID No 155b, available in "Lanchester in Times Past" by Lillian now visible centuries. Only one visible LHA ID No 155c, Dixon pg 43. oforiginal six wells LHA ID No 155d
158 Sally Laverick LHA 158a Not Visible Example of house development in Some Considerable Some Marginal 19th century
161 Brian Naylor LHA 161a, LHA 161b www.keystothepast.info, Poor Distinct possibility of the present All that remains of this once Some Considerable Some Considerable www.durhamrecordsoffice.org.uk, wood processing company closing thriving mining complex is one row down and applying to build houses of houses (Officials Terrace), the www.dmm.org.uk, www.ne.diarybpears.org.uk, on the industrial site. One new Miners Welfare Hall building which www.copsewood.org/aropeway/uk house was built on the site in is now used as a garage/store and 2015. The area currently occupied a few concrete footings hidden in by the nature reserve is unlikely to the undrgrowth. There is little be threatened. indication today that Malton was once a hive of industrial activity. In the context of the Durham coalfield as a whole it was just one of many similar sites but it is the only colliery site in Lanchester Parish. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 162 Remains of The water supply for Longovicium Roman fort (LHA 160) relied on a sophisticated system of aqueducts and dams. The NZ 12411 46332 Industry, Buried Roman SM 1005582 57 Roman Aquaduct known elements of the aqueduct system consisted of two main aqueduct lines, with a third ‘feeder’ line, and two dams, Engineering, Archaeological the High Dam and the Low Dam: the latter lies outside the parish boundary at Healeyfield. There is also a large Trade & Site depression near the fort known as the ‘reservoir’ (Monument No. 22288), though it has not yet been established if this Commerce is a Roman feature, and if so, what its precise function was. The Northern aqueduct was fed from the Low Dam at Dyke Nook Fell (in the parish of Healeyfield, NZ 1073 4735) and ran to the west or south-west side of Longovicium Roman fort. From where it left the Low Dam, the course of the Northern aqueduct ran eastwards for about 1km uphill. How the Romans overcame this problem has not been satisfactorily resolved. This section of the line consisted of two parallel channels which, after 800 metres, then converged into one channel at NZ 1509 4645. At this point the aqueduct had enough head to run downhill all the way to the fort. A late 18th map (in Hodgson, 1822) shows the visible remains of the aqueduct passing through Woodlands Park, skirting round the north of Humber Hill and joining the Southern aqueduct at the entrance to the drive of Upper Houses Farm (NZ 1520 4650). However, this cannot be confirmed as this section of the aqueduct was almost completely destroyed by open-cast mining in the twentieth century. The aqueduct reappears again on the south side of the B6296 opposite the entrance to Colepike Hall (NZ 1471 4598).
The Southern aqueduct was fed from a spring south of Woodlands Park and just south of Long Edge Lane (at about NZ 1175 4652). The line of this branch was shown on an 18th century map as passing south of Humber Hill and Colepike Hall to its junction with the Northern aqueduct. Unfortunately, as the Southern aqueduct passes through Sawmill Woods, where sections used to be visible, it has disappeared now that the woods have matured. From Colepike Hall as far as the fort, the channel appears to have been much wider to accommodate the flow from the two joined North and South lines. The channel ran along the south side of Humber Hill, through Hollinside, towards the fort, basically taking the same route as the modern B6296. The most visible section of the aqueduct is Monument No. 1032621 (NZ 1472 4560 – NZ 1496 4623) on the south side of the road. This appears as a raised embankment of 330m in length, now carrying a boundary fence planted with a line of mature trees (see Photo LHA 162a).
The High Dam at Sheepwalk’s Hill is thought to have been a reserve dam, used to maintain the level of the Low Dam during periods of drought. Visible as an earthwork into the 1920s, it was bulldozed during a land-reclamation project and completely destroyed (Reed & Austin, 1976).
The Humber Hill Feeder line is thought to have run round the north side of Humber Hill then down the east side of the hill, joining the main channel just east of Hollinside. This line was fed by springs on Humber Hill (Austin and Reed, 1976). It was mostly destroyed by open-cast mining. The ‘reservoir’ (Monument No. 22288) is within the Scheduled Area at the south-west corner of Longovicium Roman fort. Pastscape describes it as “a spread circular depression” in the ground. It has been suggested that it might be been some kind of settling tank or water storage facility. However, there is no archaeological evidence to prove that this depression is Roman. Without full excavation, its function and date cannot be established.
There is no reason to suppose that the various elements of this system were in operation at the same time and it is possible that interconnections between the various lines, such as the Humber Hill feeder, were introduced as circumstances changed.
In 1822, the antiquarian writer Hodgson said that the aqueduct channels were “in many places as visible as the day they were made”. By the 1970s, the system had largely been destroyed by a combination of land reclamation, open- cast mining, afforestation and change in land use (Reed & Austin, 1976; PastScape 2015). The most visible remains of the system can be seen at Hollinside (Monument Number 1032621). The Northern aqueduct has been either ploughed out or obliterated through open-cast mining, and the Southern aqueduct has suffered from afforestation and open-cast mining. The High Dam has been completely destroyed and the Low Dam suffers from erosion and damage by burrowing animals. Many questions about Longovicium’s water supply system therefore remain unanswered.
The antiquarian writers, early maps such as the first OS map of 1857, and twentieth century surveys such as Reed & Austin, 1976 all show conflicting evidence as to the exact routes of the aqueduct lines. This problem could be partially resolved as geophysical surveying techniques improve, allowing us to “see” below the ground in ever more detail. However, such surveying will not be possible if the fragile aqueduct remains are further damaged or destroyed. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
162 Terri Edwards Small-scale excavations were No photos Austin, W. (1989) ‘Lanchester Roman dam’, Poor Much of exact route is either not Although very few traces of the Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional conducted on both the North and Lanchester Local History Society Journal, No. 1, known or not recorded, and aqueduct system remain, it has South branches of the aqueduct by pp.1-4 therefore threatened by erosion, considerable local significance as Kenneth Steer in the 1930s, Binnie, G.M. (1987) Early dam builders in Britain, development and accidental part of the village’s Roman probably in 1937 (see Steer, London, Thomas Telford damage. inheritance and as part of the 1938). Another small-scale Blood, N. K. & Lofthouse, C. (1991) RCHME: Roman landscape. It is significant excavation of the Sawmill Wood Durham SAMs Project at a national as well as a local level section of the South Aqueduct was English Heritage (2015) PastScape: Lanchester because so few remains of carried out by Reed in 1978 (Reed Roman Aqueduct (Online). Available at: aqueducts have survived in 1986; see also Reed and Austin http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1032 Roman Britain. 1978). The system was most 578#aRt recently surveyed as part of the Hodgson, J. (1822) ‘Observations on an ancient Durham SAMs project in 1991 aqueduct, and certain heaps of iron scoria, in the (Blood & Lofthouse, 1991). The parish of Lanchester, in the County of Durham’, most easily accessible modern-day Archaeologica Aeliana, 1st series, Vol. I, pp.118-121 description of the system appears PLB Consulting Ltd (2002a) Longovicium: in PastScape (English Heritage, Lanchester Roman fort conservation plan for the 2015). Lanchester Project Partnership- unpublished PLB Consulting Ltd (2002b) Lanchester Roman fort development study for the Lanchester Project Partnership – unpublished Reed, A.H. (1986), ‘A rediscovered altar from the Roman dam at Lanchester, also recent work on the north and south aquaduct (sic) systems, CBA Regional Group 3 News Bulletin Vol.3, No.6, pp.11- 19 Reed, A.H. & Austin, W. (1976) ‘An archaeological survey of the Lanchester area’, in (eds.) P.A.G. Clack & P.F. Gosling, Archaeology in the North, Report of the Northern Archaeological Survey, pp.212-223 Steer, K.A. (1938) The archaeology of Roman Durham, PhD thesis, University of Durham, Durham E-Theses Online. Available at http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/ Stephens, G.R. (1985) ‘Civic aqueducts in Britain,’ Britannia, Vol.16, pp.197-208 LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 162 It is currently unknown if the aqueduct led directly into the fort and was for military use only, or if the supply was made available to the dwellers of the vicus (civilian settlement). Future surveying and/or excavation of the vicus may provide more information on this point.
Another unanswered question is the reason(s) why the fort needed such a large water supply. It has been suggested that the water was needed for processing metal. Hodgson (1822) talked of finding large quantities of metal ore and associated hearths in the area around the fort, which he took to be evidence of large-scale Roman metalworking. Given that Lanchester also had a natural coal supply, and that metal ores were mined in Roman times in nearby Cumbria, this explanation of the apparent need for large quantities of water at Longovicium is plausible, but is not yet proven or disproven.
183 LANCHESTER lanchester Post Office house and shop. Inscription in the lintel of the door Mary and Sarah Brown 1788, Grade II Listed NZ 16525 47582 Industry, Standing 18th LB II 1185987 1714 POST OFFICE building Engineering, Building century Trade & Commerce
184 39, FRONT House and shop, formerly post Office, now one house. Early 19th century. Painted roughcast render with ashlar NZ 16479 47611 Industry, Standing 1780s LB II 1185988 1715 STREET dressings and quoins; stone flagged roof with yellow brick chimneys. 2 storeys, 3 windows. Elliptical vehicle arch at left Engineering, Building has pecked and margined alternate-block jambs and voussoirs; boarded doors have trellis upper parts. Painted tooled Trade & surrounds, the left slightly chamfered, to central flushed house door and wider former shop door at right. Similar Commerce surrounds and projecting stone sills to all windows; the former shop window at right with 4 rows of 5 panes; 16 pane sashes on both floors to left of house door, on first floor over arch and over former shop. Chimneys at left of second bay and at right end. Long stone step up to both doors.
187 PUMPING HOUSE Pumping house. Circa 1890, to provide water supply for Broadwood (now demolished). Rock-faced sandstone with NZ 12780 45432 Industry, Standing 19th LB II 1299405 2823 CIRCA 100 ashlar quoins and dressings; Welsh slate roof. Engineering, Building Century METRES SOUTH Trade & OF BROADWOOD One storey, 2 bays. Gable to lane has half-glazed double door under flat stone lintel at right; 2-centred-arched plain Commerce FARM stone surround to trefoil-headed louvred vent in gable peak. Left return has fixed light with glazing bars; right return blank. Interior has original machinery with maker's plate Soulsby of Grantham and Stockport. Inside at back of buliding is cast iron fire place. The building is owned by Sir Tom Cowie estates and the pumping machinery by Jack Gibson of Hall Hill Farm.
220 Witbank Bus The bus company was formed and owned by Alf Dixon, who lived at No. 8 Ornsby Hill, after the first world war, and was NZ 16481 47986 Industry, Other 20th Company sold in the 1950s to the Northern General Bus Company. Engineering, Century The account from three now deceased local residents was that Alf had been injured in the first world war by being Trade & kicked by a mule and as a result was confined to a wheel chair for the rest of his life, and for an unknown reason he Commerce received compensation for this injury. At the end of hostilities Alf used the compensation to buy two ex-army lorries and his brother Joe built two bus bodies on these chassis and Alf started the first regular bus service between Lanchester and Durham. The service expanded to include Tow Law, Consett and Stanley. Lilian Dixon’s historic photos show the garage with several buses parked outside and the fleet may have expanded to twelve or more. The garage was named “the Witbank Garage” because Alf had relatives living in Witbank, South Africa. It was located at the junction of Maiden Law Bank and the main Durham road. By all accounts Alf was a demanding boss and invalid – Laurie Kirby clearly operated not just as chief mechanic but as Alf’s personal chauffeur since he recalled Sunday afternoon demands from next door neighbour, Alf, when he was required to chauffeur him in trips to the coast or the Lake District. Anne and Dora both recalled that he would get himself to the bottom of Maiden Law Bank in his wheelchair and then bellow for one of the garage staff to come to push him from there to the garage. Anne and Dora both grew indignant on behalf of Florrie, his allegedly long-suffering cousin who looked after him until his death since Alf was alleged to have sabotaged one or more potential wedding possibilities! On his death the house in which Florrie had cared for him was left to his brother who had built the first buses – Florrie only had the right to live out her life there, which she did until the early 1980s when she appears to have entered a local care home. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
162
183 Paul Jackson No photos Good Central to the village core Exceptional Considerable Exceptional Considerable
184 Fiona Green LHA 184a, LHA 184b Good Prominent position, original Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional building adds character to Lanchester Front Street.
187 Jane Laycock Discussion with chauffeur on No photos National Heritage List Good Continued maintenance. Change Very interesting building with a Considerable Considerable Considerable Some building but would not allow of ownership. Continued great social history, at present photographs to be taken cooperation between owner of owners are managing restoration building and owner of machinery. and upkeep.
220 Mike Wardle Information gleaned from three LHA 220a Not Applicable Unrecorded story with no direct Interesting insight in to early-mid Marginal Some Marginal Some oral history accounts of elderly memories at risk of being lost twentieth century life in the village residents on Lanchester in the completely. and the opening up of transport for 1980s, all now deceased. all. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 47 Workhouse Now a library, originally workhouse boardroom building, very fine architecture with circular windows at front. WL NZ 16439 47588 Society & Civic Standing 1879 Boardroom Newcombe C18th style with a faithful version of a Gibbs Door surround and a one story pilastered wing with apsidal Life Building end. Several areas of wood fasci board and gutters are rotten and leak badly when it rains. Scaffolding has been errected during Feb 2016.
57 Partridge Close Now a residential property, but formerly a farm building. The Thompson's farmed there in the 1930s and 1940s and NZ 13851 44681 Society & Civic Standing Not known School according to Mr R Thompson one of the farm buildings was always referred to as the "Academy". It has not been Life Building possible to gain access to the site, but from discussions with Ray Thompson it is felt it is the building immediately behind Partridge Close house. Whilst in the 1940's the building was used as a barn, Ray and Brian could remember seeing fireplaces in some of the rooms so at some time it had been something other than a farm building. Heather Thompson had researched Reverend Edward Marshall as part of an MA and attached is a paper about this gentlemen. The formation of the Academy is explained in the paper.
66 Roman Sandal The sandal in question is almost certainly the one mentioned by Maclaughlan’s “Memoir” of 1852 (p.15). Maclaughlan NZ 15942 47377 Society & Civic Artefact Find Roman had been told by Farmer Robinson of Margery Flats Farm that he had found bones and a number of shoes, including a Life sandal containing a human foot, in a bog alongside the stream running through the farmland. “This shoe, with the bones still in it, and a part of the leather strap”) was said in a footnote to have passed into the possession of Mr F. Greenwell, an ancestor of the present-day landowner. Its whereabouts today is unknown. There are residents in the village who can recall seeing the sandal and others who were told by farmers of similar finds within living memory. It may well be the case that these finds still exist in museum archives or in private hands. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
47 Marian Photos available on LHA 47a-c. www.workhouse.org.uk NSPevsner County Fair External fabric requires attention to Lanchester workhouse was Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Morrison www.workhouse.org.uk website Durham. Several local published books include prevent deterioration. Allegedly in significant in the development and and in several local history books. pictures and some text. Private ownership. history of the Parish, fine and Currently used as branch library prominent building in the village. was formerly social services offices, Lanchester Rural District council Offices and 1953 was a police sations and court house. Photo in Lanchester in old picture postcards Page 48.
57 Stephen and No photos. Paper by Information from Ray Thompson, grandson of the Good Low risk Survival - marginal, it was not Marginal Considerable Marginal Marginal Cath Bailey Heather Thompson owners in the 1930's. Ray also lived there when the used as a school for very long, it LHA 57a.pdf mill was a ruin even then. Also had tremendous help then became a farm building and now a dwelling. - from Heather, Mr Thompson's daughter who had Story considerable, very interesting researched their family history. aspect of life of a curate in the C19. Stimulating - marginal, difficult to assess without access to the building. Social - marginal, again out in the coutryside, on private land and probably not well known about by the majority of the parish
66 Terri Edwards No photos MacLauchlan, H. (1852) Memoir written during a Not Applicable The location of the sandal is not Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of known, and it may have been Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1850 destroyed. However, other and 1851, London, privately printed artefacts may be found in future from the same location. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 73 Vicus /civil The fields along Cadger Bank both north and south of the B6296 form a buffer zone between the scheduled area of NZ 1604 4723 Society & Civic Buried Roman settlement of Longovicium Roman Fort (LHA 162) and the village itself. Thanks to geophysical surveying, it is now known that the Life Archaeological Longovicium civilian settlement (vicus) which grew up along the line of Dere Street extends further to the north and east of the fort Site (Cadger Bank) than was previously suspected, into this buffer zone.
The field north of the B6296 at Cadger Bank lies outside the Scheduled Ancient Monument area and has been surveyed several times in advance of proposed housing developments. Payne (1991) found “ditches on a possible Roman alignment”, but was not able to detect “whether or not features such as pits, burials or buildings are present or absent”. This was because of a modern pipeline which runs through the field and disturbs the geophysical equipment.
The field was re-surveyed in April 2013 and March 2014 by Archaeological Services Durham University (ASDU) on behalf of Bellway Homes Ltd (North East) and Barratt Homes. The 2013 survey also found ditches and pits related to the east vicus, “with possible evidence of industrial activity”, and “a probable Roman road running east of the vicus”. The interference caused by the pipeline was also noted, even though the equipment in 2013 was very much more technologically advanced than equipment in the early 1990s. This meant that the full extent of the enclosure ditches could not be seen. The 2014 survey found evidence of quarrying activity which may have taken place in the Roman period. A large ditch found in one of the trenches was thought to be the possible eastern boundary of the vicus. A small amount of Roman pottery and glass was found during this excavation and some organic remains such as charcoal and some charred and uncharred seeds, including a charred hazelnut shell. Although these finds were minor, they give us some interesting insights into the diet of the residents of the vicus. The ASDU (2014) report concluded that any groundworks associated with a building project were likely to impact on the Roman archaeological resource, and that further investigation of the area could yield more information about the site. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
73 Terri Edwards No photos Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008a) Not Visible Development, not regarded at The vicus at Longovicium is highly Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional North vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County same level of importance as the significant at the local, national and Durham, geophysical survey on behalf of the fort. Need for further research. international levels in terms of its Lanchester Partnership and the Friends of Development threat to landscape archaeological importance as an Longovicium, Report 1908 (May). (Online) Available setting. undisturbed Roman auxiliary fort at: site on the line of Dere Street, in http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi the Roman Northern Frontier veDownload?t=arch-448- Zone, and in the frontier system of 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-41246_1.pdf the Roman Empire as a whole. Its social significance lies in the part it Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008b) has to play in adding to the story of East vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County the vicus, the Roman town which Durham, geophysical survey on behalf of the preceded the current-day village. Lanchester Partnership and the Friends of This field needs to be preserved Longovicium, Report 2102 (October) (Online) so that future residents of the Available at: village can understand more about http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi their heritage. As such, this field is veDownload?t=arch-448- one of the key heritage assets of 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-49825_1.pdf the village.
Archaeological Services, Durham University (2013) Cadger Bank, Lanchester, County Durham: geophysical survey on behalf of Bellway Homes Ltd. (North East), Report 3141 (April). (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-148583_1.pdf Archaeological Services, Durham University (2014a) Land at Cadger Bank, Lanchester, County Durham: archaeological evaluation on behalf of Barratt Homes, Report 3381 (March). (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-184530_1.pdf
Payne, A.W. (1991) Report on a geophysical survey at Lanchester, Co. Durham, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 51/9, London, English Heritage/HMBC LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 83 Community Originally built as the village EP school in 1875, in the traditional 19th Century style. A hall extension was built in 1937 NZ 16400 47600 Society & Civic Standing 1875 with Centre Building and the school continued to occupy the building till it moved to it's current location in 1963. The building became the Life Building 20th community centre with other various users such as the surgery for Dr Fox . century additions
84 QUEENS HEAD 1709 lintel at back of building. NZ 16573 47537 Society & Civic Standing 18th LB II 1115479 82 PUBLIC HOUSE Life Building century
91 King's Head Formerly known as the Station Hotel, occupying a prominent position at the southern end of the village green. NZ 16441 47535 Society & Civic Standing 1870s? Imposing building of ashlar stone and welsh slate Life Building
93 Bypass Walk After consultation with residents the Bypass Walk was created by the Parish Council. Very popular walkway giving NZ 16587 47803 Society & Civic Route N/A views of the Smallhope Burn, which it follows closely and views out to the sloping eastern fields and south to the Parish Life Church. Many people do a circular walk around the village using theBypass Walk, some every day, and used by schoolchildren and their families. Enhanced by six carved animals and 7 new trees and 6 toadstools. Hedgelaying was carried out by Mr Burt Hunter. In spring the daffodils along the Smallhope's banks offer a most attractive setting. Opened 9/6/2011. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
83 Marian The building is owned by the LHA ID No 83. There is a web site Good Owned by a Charity with a board of The buildings are part of the village Considerable Considerable Some Considerable Morrison community association which was a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m www.lanchestercommunity.wix.com Photographs trustees. Their continued outline and form the recent shape set up in 1968 with Charity status . are in Lilian Dixon books and Lanchester in picture investment in the building fabric is of the front street but the activities and a board of trustees. Their work post cards. A series of annual reports of the evidenced in the annual report. are essential to the village life. has led to the several community association are available with supporting refurbishments and provision of minute books. the community resource it now provides. It is an excellent community resource with car parking and hosts a busy list of activities.The range of activities is inclusive to every age group and demographic of the village. There is a plaque inside that was removed from the memorial hall when it was demolished.
84 Paul Jackson No photos Good Very prominent position in the Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional village
91 Paul Jackson LHA 91a-b Good Prominent position alongside the Exceptional Considerable Exceptional Exceptional village green at the entrance to the village.
93 Jill Gladstone LHA ID No 93a, LHA Good Litter from passing vehicles. Some Considerable - Growing in Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable ID No 93b, LHA ID areas may need better fencing. significance over time. Much No 93c, LHA ID No enjoyed asset, forms very 93d, LHA ID No 93e, attractive walkway and entry to the LHA ID No 93f, village from the A691. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 95 Lanchester Lanchester Bowling Club is situated just off the A691 and on the northern side of Durham Road, Lanchester. It is along NZ 16731 47584 Society & Civic Landscape 1970s Bowling Club and from the Village Green at the eastern end of Front Street, Lanchester with views across Durham Road to the village. Life Bowling Green This adds to the open nature, aspect and setting of the Village Green. The Parish Church can also be viewed further to the east, together with other nearby dwellings which are some of the oldest in Lanchester. This area is enclosed with Durham Road running alongside to the south, whilst The Lodge (private residential dwellings) forms the western boundary. The Green School is imposing and overlooks the Club and Green from the north with more residential housing forming the eastern boundary (Deanery View). The Club has been in existence since the early 1970’s and plays both internal and inter club competitions throughout the Bowls season playing in the North West Durham League and Derwentside Veterans League. During the season, members play games away from home and also welcome other clubs to play at Lanchester. The Club grounds are enclosed within a stonewalling fronting onto the grass verge, path and Durham Road, whilst the remaining three sides are fenced with wooden fencing and beech hedging about 1.5m high. There is a clubhouse in the top NW corner of the grounds. The Clubhouse displays the names of past competition winners on varnished wooden plaques hung on the walls. The Clubhouse is a modular wooden structure of the time with a flat roof. The main bowling green area is laid out as per national bowls association regulations and the surrounding area is grassed and laid out with occasional traditional wooden bench seating and decorative flower beds. Grounds maintenance is currently carried out by Durham County Council during the season. This service is currently under review and most likely to change in the coming years. The Club is structured as a charity and its AGM takes place in November each year. It currently has about 40-50 members of varying abilities and age. The Green School was originally a secondary school before becoming part of Derwentside College. It is subsequently in use by Durham County Council for pupils with challenging educational needs. There is evidence to suggest that the Bowling Green area was originally part of the school grounds, possibly playground etc. The ‘square’ is in fact visible on historic maps of Lanchester c1860 which suggest that is was some sort of enclosed area or field. The detail also shows that this area was immediately adjacent to other open areas described as ‘The Green’ (now the Village Green). This would have been before the current Durham Road was re-aligned and straightened. This open area therefore has an important relationship with the current Village Green and clearly demonstrates to pen aspect, setting and context of this area as a readily accessible and welcoming meeting place for the community.
99 Croft View Built in 1884 as a Primitive Methodist Chapel in local stone with slate roof. In 1893 and 1906 two school rooms were NZ 16382 47676 Society & Civic Standing 19th Methodist Church added. During WW2 the Weslyan and Primitive Methodist congregations merged and these buildings were retained for Life Building century Hall the Sunday School classes and other social functions. Still owned by the Methodist Church and used as a community building for a wide range of activities with the emphasis on youth eg guides, brownies, boys brigade, youth club.
109 Tennis Club Lanchester Lawn Tennis Club founded in 1911 originally sited at Fenhall. Moved to current location in 1925. Three NZ 16668 47080 Society & Civic Other 1911 grass courts and clubhouse initially surrounded by open farm land, now enclosed by houses on 3 sides with trees and Life River Browney on the 4th side. The club owns the land. present clubhouse erected in 1989, supplemented by 2 equipment sheds all of wooden construction. Due to petrol rationing during the 2nd World War, the tennis club were unable to cut the grass courts. Help was sought from a local farmer whose solution was to put 3 cows on the courts. This did not go down well with club members. The grass was eventually cut with a scythe. Tennis Club chastised over holding a dance on the same night as the churches Harvest festival. Also for having a trip out on Whit Sunday.
157 Workhouse Currently Woodham Court private appartments. Converted in 1995. Formerly Lee Hill cottages the childrens NZ 164 475 Society & Civic Standing 1905 Childrens Cottage accomodation built in 1905 at the workhouse. Life Building Homes
200 Catholic All Saints This unique school was built in 1905 and is very proud of its history and traditions. An Edwardian building on the NZ 16333 47742 Society & Civic Standing 1905 School outside houses a modern, interactive interior designed for the needs of its pupils. Life Building LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
95 David Friesner Green space links to Village Green LHA 95a-c Lanchester Bowling Club, Durham County Council. Good Reduction in quality and upkeep of Open green space adjoining the Some Some Considerable Considerable and open aspect of village where http://bowlingclub.wix.com/lanchester GIS Maps bowling green surface and village green and demonstrates community meets. Club is part of Durham, search Lanchester all maps and historical surrounding lawns and flowerbeds. the traditional aspect, nature, comprehensive club facilities maps Reduction or loss of regular character and setting of available to Lanchester residents. http://www.durhamrecordoffice.org.uk/Pages/Maps1. maintenance of grounds and club Lanchester as a village where the Maintains links with other County aspx Conversation with Lanchester residents: house by Durham County Council. community congregates and Durham villages through Elaine Williams Reduction in club members and gathers at key seasonal times. competitions and Leagues. financial impact. Transfer of assets Adjacent footpaths access the Commemorative plaques display and services from DCC with fields rising from the valley. The and record annual winners andd corresponding increase in direct Bowls Club is an important part of bowls champions operational costs community life enjoyed by residents and is an example of an activity which had associations with local industry and employment.
99 Fiona Green LHA 99a-c Good A large old building with high Continues to play a significant role Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable and Brian maintenance costs in the lives of young people in the Naylor village as it has done for many years.
109 Jane Laycock LHA109a-e Past AGM and committee minutes. Lawn Tennis Good Access and parking difficuluties Significant part of community exceptional Considerable exceptional exceptional Association website. Facebook, Parish Magazine providing sporting and social and personal correspondance needs for over 100years
157 Marian The location of this building marks LHA 157a-c www.workhouse.org.uk website. Good Privately owned appartment block Lanchester workhouse was Considerable Considerable Considerable Some Morrison a residual boundary to the well maintained exterior. Tastefully significant in the development and workhouse site. The history of work converted. history of the Parish house institutions with latter day provision for Children in stand alone buildings within the work house complex.
200 Sally Laverick LHA 200a Good Plays an important role in the Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable community LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 201 Lanchester The Green School, 1930s. Significant impact on the landscape. NZ 16771 47612 Society & Civic Standing 1930s Secondary Life Building Modern School
206 Workhouse Apartment block Lee Hill Court on Newbiggin Lane. Formerly part of work house hospital wing refurbished in 1995. NZ 163 475 Society & Civic Standing c.1905 (Infirmary Block) Life Building
207 No1 Station Road Two story building, a ground level shop extending below and separate self contained upstairs flat with a ground level NZ 165 473 Society & Civic Standing Not Shop and Flat entrance and single ground level room. Shared access to an outside patio area. Life Building recorded above
219 The Black Bull Coaching Inn with stables. Present form is late Victorian. First garage (Black Bull Filling Station) in the village. Now a NZ 16441 47647 Society & Civic Standing 19th pub. Fine frontage. Life Building century LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
201 Sally Laverick No photos Good Setting overlooking village green, Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable important educational building
206 Marian The location of this building marks No photos www.workhouse.org.uk website. Good Privately owned appartment block Lanchester workhouse was Considerable Considerable Considerable Some Morrison a residual boundary to the well maintained exterior. significant in the development and workhouse site. history of the Parish
207 Marian LHA 207 Fair Visible historic building in centre of Some Considerable Considerable Considerable Morrison a,b,c,d,e,f,g. village
219 Not known LHA 219a-b Fair Very prominent position in the Considerable Considerable Considerable Considerable village LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 24 Burnhill Secret World War II ammunition depot next to an early railway, the land was previously used for forestry and farming. NZ 06988 44074 Defence Standing 1929-1968 Ammunition Depot In 1939 the army set up a search light and established a defensive position with a pill box which was constructed near Building the farmhouse. In 1940-41 eight munitions magazines were constructed approx 1/4 of a mile apart with the capacity to store 400 tons of TNT or propellants. Built with local bricks and having a flat concrete roof each magazine had earth mounds around to prevent multiple explosions and for concealment. During construction munitions arrived by rail and local farmers were employed with their horses and carts to unload the trains and stack the munitions at various parts of the site. The Ministry of Supply then supplied a Fordson Tractor to the site which replaced the horses and carts. The Munitions sites all had names:- Empire Lightning , Leicander , New site , Gate site, Salters Gate site , Avenue site , Field site , and Station site . Two of these sites were named after ships that brought the TNT from the USA , these were called the Empire Lightning and the Leicander , both were torpedoed in the war and sunk. The farmhouse was then used as the main office and communication point. Late in 1941 a two foot narrow gauge rail system was constructed from Burnhill Junction to each magazine. In 1950 a perimeter fence of approximately 7 miles was constructed around the 500 acre site at a cost of £80,000. Today the land has reverted back to farming and forestry, the farmhouse buildings have been converted to holiday lets and the eight magazines are now used to store old buses and machines with the one pill box still remaining.
134 World War 2 Camp was immediately to the north of All Saints RC church on land between Kitswell Road and the Lanchester Valley NZ 163 479 Defence Other 1943-44 Prisoner of War Walk. It was one of 10 small subsidiaries of the much larger Harperley POW camp (near Crook) housing low risk Italian training camp on and German prisoners.The huts were prefabricated 'nissen' style buildings. Kitswell Road
160 Lanchester Roman Auxiliary Fort, within scheduled monument area, but also known landscape features outside the scheduled area NZ 15886 47092 Defence Buried Roman SM 1002361 47 Roman Fort relate to the fort and need to be better understood. Scheduled area continues to north of the road, this area includes Archaeological (Longovicium) banks and ditches that run east to west and were orignally part of the fort's defences. Also includes some of the Site Roman vicus. Visible on aerial photos. Roman auxiliary fort
Scheduled Ancient Monument SM DU22; HA 1002361 National Monuments Record No. NZ 14 NE 4, unique identifier 22293 NG reference: NZ 15849
NOTE: RIB numbers refer to the individual inscriptions catalogued in Collingwood and Wright (1995a and b) and Tomlin, Wright and Hassall (2009). These inscriptions can now be viewed online in their entirety in the searchable database at http://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org
Lanchester Roman fort (Longovicium) is a stone-built Roman auxiliary fort dating from the 2nd century AD. It formed part of a chain of defensive forts situated on the line of Dere Street, the major Roman military north-south route which ran from the legionary headquarters at York as far as the Antonine Wall (near Melrose in present-day Scotland). The nearest Dere Street fort to the south of Longovicium is 11 miles away at Binchester (Vinovium); the next fort to the north at Ebchester (Vindomora) is about 5 miles away.
The name Longovicium is confirmed by two late Roman bureaucratic documents, the Notitia Dignitatum (c.AD 420) and the Ravenna Cosmography (c.AD 700), and by a partial inscription on the altar to the goddess Garmangabis (RIB 1074, dated to the reign of the Emperor Gordian III, AD 238-44). This altar was found in 1893 and currently resides in the porch of Lanchester Parish Church.
The fort was occupied at various points in its history by units of auxiliary soldiers originating from different parts of the Empire. The first known garrison during the mid-2nd century AD is the 1st Cohort of Vardullians which had its origins in northern Spain. Two inscriptions from the fort dated between AD238 and AD244 were set up by the part-mounted 1st Cohort of Lingones, originally from the area around Dijon in France. Also in the LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
24 Michael Carr There were up to 100 people LHA ID No 24a, LHA Mr A Lambert:- local knowledge and contacts. Poor Very exposed site. Railway and With the site having to be kept Some Considerable Some Marginal working at the depots peak during ID No 24b, LHA ID ww.disusedstations.org.uk/b/burnhill. Mr R Lawson wooden structures have been secret during the 2nd World War the war. After the war the depot No 24c, LHA ID No (property owner), Mr K Tyers and Mrs M Tyers (Mr dismantled, some earth mounds to ensure the troops had a was used to store surplus items 24d, LHA ID No 24e, Tyers worked at the site and made personal notes of have been removed/eroded. constant supply of munitions for all until it closed on 31st March 1968. LHA ID No 24f, LHA activities there). Old OS maps of County Durham, Some magazines have been it is an important part of the 20th At the beginning of 1968 there was ID No 24g, LHA ID converted with shutters nad century social history of our area a work force of 21. There is still No 24o, LHA ID No bricked up doors. Perimeter only after 100 years can the full evidence that they had been at 24p, LHA ID No 24q, fence corroded with sections story be told. least two narrow gauge LHA ID No 24h, LHA missing, suggesting lack of locomotives. It is said that ID No 24i, LHA ID No management. Pill box is in good munitions were transhipped to and 24k, LHA ID No 24l, condition. from ROF Aycliffe and other LHA ID No 24m, LHA sites. The 1911 Official Secret act ID No 24n, LHA ID as amended by the1989 act No 24j, LHA ID No prevents any more disclosure. 24r, LHA ID No 24s, The magazines were constructed LHA ID No 24t by a firm called Carmichle from Aycliffe.
134 Brian Naylor LHA 134a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor) Not visible The huts were temporary buildings Marginal Marginal Marginal Some (2)www.wartimememories.co.uk/pow/harperley which were removed after the (3)Interview with local residents war.It is reported that at least one POW stayed and married a local girl
160 Terri Edwards LHA 160a-d Multiple sourcees are available for Longovicium, Fair Threats from development, One of only 6 Roman forts in Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional including two booklets by the Friends of Longovicium trespass, litter, erosion and decay, County Durham, and the only one published in 2007 and 2011. Allason- research priorities, and never to have been built on. Fort Jones, L. (1986) ‘A Romano-British trumpet brooch lost/missing artefacts from sits in landscape setting. Huge from Ushaw Moor’, Durham Archaeological Journal previous excavations. potential for research, education, 2, pp.41-42 and interpretation. Numerous inscriptions and other artefacts Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008a) from teh site, with huge potential North vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County for more to be found. Local Durham, geophysical survey, Report 1908. (Online) community group is long Available at: established and very active in http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi research and interpretation, veDownload?t=arch-448- including local walks. 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-41246_1.pdf
Archaeological Services, Durham University (2008b) East vicus at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey, Report 2102. (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-49825_1.pdf
Archaeological Services, Durham University (2009) Land at Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, geophysical survey,Report 2313 (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/ LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 160 mid-third century AD a detachment (vexillatio Sueborum) of Suevi, of the modern-day Swabians in Southern Germany, is known to have inhabited the fort. A vexillation was a unit which was sometimes brought in to make up the numbers when an auxiliary cohort was absent or depleted. The last attested military group is the Numerus Longovicianorum in the late fourth/early 5th century AD. A numerus was a more informal part-mounted military unit deployed in the later Roman Empire, and the name Longovicianorum suggests it was recruited locally. The presence of such different ethnic groups in the fort suggests that Roman Lanchester would have been something of an ethnic melting-pot.
The Longovicium fort is strategically situated at the point where Dere Street mounts the eastern tip of a high spur of land. This position gives the fort commanding views of the Browney valley in every direction. The fort was designed to hold approximately 1,000 auxiliary troops, including cavalry. The fort is unexcavated and lies on private land, but one corner of the fort wall can be viewed from a layby on the B6296, where there is an information board (Photo LHA ID160a). The fort covers an area of 2.5 hectares (6.17 acres). It is built in the “playing card” shape typical of Roman auxiliary forts. Each corner would have held an angle-tower, but these are no longer visible today at Longovicium. Most auxiliary forts had four entrances in their north, south, east and west walls. At Longovicium the south and east gateways are still visible above ground and the west gateway is visible in geophysical surveys (see Fig.1 below).
The walls of the fort are more or less continuous and stand to an average height of 2m above ground level. Although the outer facing has been mostly robbed away, some facing stones are still visible on the interior of the east wall (PLB Consulting Ltd, 2002a). The core of all four walls is intact to a height of 1m to1.5m on the north and west sides, and 2.5m-3m on the south and east (PLB Consulting Ltd, 2002a), containing a grassy platform which is clearly visible on aerial photographs and can be viewed from GoogleEarth. In dry weather, if the grass on the fort platform is short, many of the structures (wall lines) within the fort are also clearly visible at ground level (see Photo LHA ID160c).
A geophysical survey by GeoQuest Associates (1991) revealed eleven sets of barrack blocks, granaries and a praetorium (commander’s house) in the fort interior (Casey, Noel & Wright, 1992; Bidwell & Hodgson, 2009 p.154, redrawn in Fig.1). This survey also revealed a building just outside the rampart at the south-east corner of the fort, thought to be a bathhouse. However, as the fort has never been fully excavated, and the south-eastern quadrant of the fort has been heavily plough-damaged, a complete interpretation of the internal features of Lanchester Roman Fort is not currently possible. The origins, foundation date, history in use and abandonment of the fort are also much disputed.
There are several other Roman features in Lanchester which are associated with the fort:
(1) The line of Dere Street (LHA 5) (2) A substantial civilian settlement (vicus) (LHA 65 and 73) which runs along both sides of Dere Street for almost 400m northwards and southwards to the east of the fort (3) A graveyard (LHA 64) at Andrew’s Pasture (4) Traces of an aqueduct system (LHA 77, 78 and 162) and feeder dam (just outside the Parish boundary) (5) A large depression in the ground near to the fort, which has been interpreted as a receiving reservoir or settling tank for the water supplied by the aqueduct (Pastscape Monument No.22288) (6) A suspected but as-yet-unlocated Roman quarry on Peth bank (LHA 69)
In the immediate vicinity of the fort there are also several unidentified structures which could be temples, mausoleums, or bathhouses. These structures are all situated within the Scheduled Area.
So far, there is no evidence of a timber fort predating the stone fort on the site, though a report of traces of a ditch system on the south and west sides of the fort by MacLauchlan in 1852 may indicate an earlier structure (Steer, 1936 p.206). These ditches were no longer visible by Steer’s day, but this does not necessarily mean that no earlier fort existed: only excavation would be able to establish this with certainty. There is a small amount of evidence of early Roman activity at Lanchester: five pre-Claudian coins were found at Lanchester (Steer, 1938 pp.401-3), and a trumpet brooch of an early date was found at nearby Ushaw Moor (Allason-Jones, 1986). However, the provenance of the early coins is dubious (and coins remained in use for a long time in the ancient world), and the loss of the trumpet brooch could be associated with activity relating to movement along/around Dere Street, such as scouting or surveillance. Some ditch features first detected by MacLauchlan in 1851 in the North vicus were clearly visible on aerial photographs taken by two geographers, Dr Pat Carbonneau of Durham University (Lanchester resident) and Dr James Dietrich of Dartmouth College, LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
160 archiveDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-67506_1.pdf
Archaeological Services, Durham University (2013) Cadger Bank, Lanchester, County Durham: geophysical survey, Report 3141 (April). (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-148583_1.pdf
Archaeological Services, Durham University (2014a) Land at Cadger Bank, Lanchester, County Durham: archaeological evaluation, Report 3381 (March). (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-184530_1.pdf
Archaeological Services, Durham University (2014b) Geophysical survey of land west and south of Longovicium, Lanchester, County Durham, Report 3472 (July). (Online) Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archi veDownload?t=arch-448- 1/dissemination/pdf/archaeol3-184530_1.pdf Bidwell, P. and Hodgson, N. (2009) The Roman army in northern England, South Shields, The Arbeia Society
Birley, E. (1955) ‘Lanchester Roman fort’, in Report of the Summer Meeting of the Royal Archaeological Institute at Durham in 1945, reprinted from the Archaeological Journal, Vol. CXI, London, The Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
Blood, N. K. & Lofthouse, C. (1991) RCHME: Durham SAMs Project
Camden, W. (1610) Britannia, 1st English ed., transl. P. Holland, online. Available at http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/text/chap_page.jsp;j sessionid=BA8B25CF057B24C4FB9440D77943372 E?t_id=Camden&c_id=27
Camden, W. (1722) Britannia, 2nd English ed., transl. E. Gibson, online. Available to Oxford University Solo website users, Aleph system number 016276793
Casey, P.J. & Noel, M. (1991) ‘Geophysical survey at Lanchester Roman fort’, Archaeological Reports 1990, Durham, University of Durham & University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Casey, P.J., Noel, M. & Wright, J. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 160 USA, using drone cameras and geophysical software in 2015. These features need further investigation to determine whether they are Roman defensive ditches, perhaps for an earlier timber fort, or medieval lynchets (remnants of field systems).
We do know that the stone fort we see today was built by the Twentieth Legion (Legio XX Valeria Victrix), as attested by the impressively-carved dedication stone now in the possession of Durham University (RIB 1093). Steer (1938 p.199) believed that the fort layout, particularly the style of its turrets and gateways, left ‘no doubt that Lanchester was included within the Hadrianic re-organisation of the frontier system’. However, Swinbank (1953 p.394) took issue with Steer’s dating: on the basis of the carving style on the dedication stone (RIB 1093) she argued that Longovicium was established as part of Lollius Urbicus’ advance into Scotland (p.395). A further inscribed stone found in 1986 suggests that Longovicium may have been built as a home for troops withdrawn from the Antonine Wall, which was finally abandoned in the reign of Marcus Aurelius, ad160-180 (Casey, Noel & Wright, 1992). The earliest dateable evidence for the fort is an altar dedicated by Titus Flavius Titianus, tribune of the 1st Cohort of Vardullians (RIB 1072). As we know Titianus to have been tribune under the governorship of Q. Anstitius Adventus, this inscription can be securely dated to c.AD 175-8.
Steer (1938) believed that the fort had three main occupation phases:
Period I: Hadrianic – establishing the fort in the supply line to Hadrian’s Wall Period II: Third century – recommissioning by Gordian III (AD 238-244) Period III: Constantian – recommissioning by Constantius Chlorus (AD 296)
Between these phases, Steer believed there were long periods of ‘decommissioning’, meaning abandonment of the site and/or complete destruction of the fort. The first period of ‘decommissioning’ would have taken place during the period at which the Antonine Wall became the “front line” of the Northern Frontier (c.142-165). Later periods of ‘decommissioning’ might have occurred. However, this interpretation rests almost entirely on Steer’s excavation of a small section of the east side of fort wall with an associated interval turret, a gateway on the south side of the fort, and a small section of roadway adjacent to the fort.
In support of Steer’s view, two building stones from the fort interior (RIB 1091 and 1092) which can be securely dated to the reign of Gordian III (AD 238-244) and seem to show that the fort underwent major repairs at this time. Two phrases relating to the restoration of key buildings (principia et armentaria conlapsa in RIB 1092, and balneum cum basilica…..a solo instruxit in RIB 1091) seem to indicate that the fort was not in good shape at the beginning of this period. However, claims made in inscriptions for rebuilding projects in the Roman world are often greatly exaggerated, and unless the fort is fully excavated, the theory of abandonment and re-occupation cannot be fully proven.
Steer’s pottery evidence supports the idea that the Lanchester fort was occupied well into the 4th century (1938 p.183; p.199). Archaeologist Tony Wilmott (2002, online) has suggested that Lanchester, along with Housesteads, Vindolanda, South Shields and Binchester, may have had larger and more elaborate commanding officer’s quarters during this period, reflecting the extension of authority of the commanders. The Notitia Dignitatum (xl.30) shows that the last known garrison at Lanchester was the numeri Longovicianorum under the command of a praefectus. Fourth- century pottery was also found during Turner’s excavation of the vicus (1976). The latest known coin find at Lanchester (Steer, 1938 p.183) dates to the reign of Julian (AD 355-363), but the final years of the fort and vicus are shrouded in mystery: the dates for the abandonment of the fort and the establishment of the present-day village of Lanchester in the valley bottom are unknown.
The first mention of Longovicium In the post-Roman period is in Camden’s ‘Britannia’ of 1586. The expanded English edition of 1722 (pp.949-954) included illustrations of some of the key finds. Thereafter, Lanchester attracted steady antiquarian interest. Christopher Hunter(1675-1757), John Horsley (1685-1732), Roger Gale (1672-1744), William Hutchinson (1713-1814), the Rev. John Hodgson (1779-1845), Robert Surtees (1779-1834), the Rev. Dr Hooppell (1833-1895), John Collingwood Bruce (1805-1892), Canon Greenwell (1820-1918), and Francis Haverfield (1860- 1919) all wrote enthusiastically about the site and its finds. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
160 (1992) ‘The Roman fort at Lanchester, Co. Durham: a geophysical survey and discussion of garrisons’, Archaeological Journal, Vol. 149, pp.69-81
Clack, P.A.G. (1980) ‘Rescue excavations in Co. Durham 1976-1978’, Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, New Series, Vol.5, pp.53-79
Clack, P.A.G. (1982) ‘The Browney Valley’, Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, New Series, Vol.6, pp.13-17
Collingwood, R.G. & Wright, R.P. (1995a) The Roman inscriptions of Britain: Vol.I, inscriptions on Stone, Oxford, O.U.P
Collingwood, R.G. & Wright, R.P. (1995b) The Roman inscriptions of Britain: Vol.II, instrumentum domesticum (personal belongings and the like), Stroud, Alan Sutton Publishing
Corpus Inscriptionem Latinarum, online. Available at: http://cil.bbaw.de/dateien/datenbank.php
Cousins, S. M. (1990) A resistivity survey within the Roman vicus at Lanchester, County Durham, unpublished dissertation, Durham University
Gale, R. (1718) ‘A discourse occasion’d by an inscription found, about three years ago, at Langchester in the Bishoprick of Durham, and communicated to the Royal Society from Dr Hunter by Dr Woodward, as it is printed in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 345’, Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 30 (1717-1719), pp.823-836
GeoQuest Associates (1991) Geophysical and topographical surveys of Lanchester Roman fort, unpublished report, GeoQuest Associates
Hassall, M.W.C. & Tomlin, R.S.O. (1988), ‘Roman Britain in 1987: Inscriptions’, Britannia, Vol. 19, pp.492-4
Haverfield, F.J. & Greenwell, W. (1899) Catalogue of sculptured and inscribed stones in the Cathedral Library, Durham, Durham, T. Caldcleugh Haverfield, F.J. & Hooppell, R.E. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 160 Although the fort itself was the main focus of interest, several antiquarians picked up on the fact that there had been a sizable settlement attached to it. In 1700 Christopher Hunter wrote about the “ruinous heaps of stone” outside the fort walls, “especially towards the East”. In 1710 Roger Gale argued that the inscriptions for rebuilding under the Emperor Gordian III (AD 238-244) provided “an undeniable Argument of the Splendor of this Town, as are the great Heaps of Rubbish and Ruines... of its Largeness and Extent.” Geophysical surveys conducted by Durham Archaeological Services between 2008 and 2014 have confirmed that there was indeed a substantial civilian settlement (vicus) attached to the fort (see LHA 65 and 73). However, the antiquarian writers also mention that much of the stone was robbed away from the fort and vicus and the land cleared for agriculture. For example, John Collingwood Bruce (1851) mentions a subterranean chamber, with steps going down into it, just outside the south-east angle tower of the fort. Within a year these remains had disappeared. In 1867 Collingwood Bruce’s 3rd edition mentions structural remains on the slope leading from the fort to the village (presumably Cadger Bank) which are no longer visible today.
According to Hodgson (1822 pp.120-1), Longovicium was first dug in the 1780s, though several Roman finds were recorded before this date. However, the first systematic excavation was not conducted until 1851 by Canon Greenwell. The fort was apparently re-excavated in 1905 by Dendy, but the only records of these early excavations are summaries provided by Steer (1936 pp.205-7).
In 1938, Steer stated that the research history and the inscriptions from the site ‘are more complete than for any other fort in the country, providing all that the student could wish for as a working basis for excavation’ (p.180). Since Steer’s excavation there have only been small-scale surveys (e.g. Clack 1980; 1982) and a partial excavation of the Roman cemetery (Turner, 1990) have been carried out. There have, however, been a number of geophysical surveys of the fort (GeoQuest, 1991) and its adjacent areas (e.g. Cousins, 1990; Archaeological Services, Durham University, 2008a & b; 2009; 2014a & b).
The Friends of Longovicium, a volunteer group under the auspices of the Lanchester Partnership, have been researching the fort and its landscape setting. As well as organising funding for four geophysical surveys (Archaeological Services, Durham University, 2008a & b; 2009; 2014b), the Friends of Longovicium have published two booklets on the fort and vicus (2007; 2011). Copies of these booklets are held in Lanchester Library, the Clayport Library, Durham University Library and the Durham County Archaeology department. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
160 (1894) ‘On to the goddess Garmangabis found 15th July 1893’, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2nd Series, Vol. XIV, pp.313-327
Havery, G. (2012) ‘Lanchester Roman fort targeted by thieves’, The Northern Echo, 25th October (Online) Available at: http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/10008580.L anchester_Roman_fort_targeted_by_thieves/?ref=t wtrec
Hodgson, J. (1807) ‘Longovicium: A Vision’, in Poems Written at Lanchester, (Online) Available at: https://archive.org/details/poemswrittenatla00hodg
Hodgson, J. (1822) ‘Observations on an ancient aqueduct, and certain heaps of iron scoria, in the parish of Lanchester, in the County of Durham’, Archaeologica Aeliana, 1st series, Vol. I, pp.118-121
Hooppell, R.E. (1894) ‘A new Keltic goddess: interesting discovery at Lanchester’, British Archaeological Journal, Vol. I, pp.105-9
Horsley, J. (1732) Britannia Romana, in facsimile of 1733 edition, (ed.) F. Graham, p.450 Hunter, C. (1700) A letter from Mr Christopher Hunter, to Dr Martin Lister, Fellow of the Coll. of Phys. and R. S. concerning some Roman inscriptions found near Durham, Philosophical Transactions, Vol. 22, pp.657-658
Hutchinson, W. (1787) The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Vol.II, S. Hodgson & Robinsons, pp.452-465
Keys to the Past, online. Available at http://www.keystothepast.info/durhamcc/K2P.nsf/K2 PResults?readform&FT=lanchester
MacLauchlan, H. (1852) ) Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1850 and 1851, London, Bradbury. (Online) Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UBcHAAAAQA AJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_ r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
McCaul, J. (1863) Britanno-Roman LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 160 LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
160 Inscriptions, with critical notes, Toronto: Henry Rowsell, and London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green. (Online) Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uq8aAQAAMA AJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_ r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Notitia Dignitatum (Online) Available at www.thelatinlibrary.com/notitia.html
Payne, A.W. (1991) Report on a geophysical survey at Lanchester, Co. Durham, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 51/9, London, English Heritage/HMBC. (Online) Available at: http://services.english- heritage.org.uk/ResearchReportsPdfs/051- 1991WEB.pdf
PLB Consulting Ltd (2002a) Longovicium: Lanchester Roman fort conservation plan for the Lanchester Project Partnership (unpublished)
PLB Consulting Ltd (2002b) Lanchester Roman fort development study for the Lanchester Project Partnership(unpublished) Proud, J. K., Austin, W. & Smith, A.C. (1968) An initial guide to the Roman station at Lanchester, Co. Durham, prepared for the Lanchester Society of Antiquaries, Lanchester, The Lanchester Society of Antiquaries
Reed, A.H. & Austin, W. (1976) ‘An archaeological survey of the Lanchester area’, in (eds.) P.A.G. Clack & P.F. Gosling, Archaeology in the North, Report of the Northern Archaeological Survey, pp.212-223
Reed, A.H. (1976) ‘Excavation report on Lanchester Roman Fort, Co. Durham NZ 160 469’, Council for British Archaeology Regional Group 3 News Bulletin 14, pp.2-3
RIB numbers: see Collingwood and Wright (1995a and b) above and Tomlin, Wright and Hassall (2009) below; see also http://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org
Steer, K.A. (1936) ‘The Roman fort at Lanchester: a survey’, Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, Vol. VII, pp.200-215
Steer, K.A. (1938) The archaeology of Roman LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 160 LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
160 Durham, PhD thesis, University of Durham, Durham E-Theses Online. Available at http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/
Steer, K.A. (1939) ‘The excavations at Lanchester: the coarse pottery’, Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, Vol. IX, pp.112-123
Surtees, R. (1820) History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Vol. II, London, J. Nichols & Son, pp.303-8
Swinbank, B. (1953) ‘The activities of Lollius Urbicus as evidenced by inscriptions’, Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, Vol. X, pp.382-403
The Friends of Longovicium (2007) Longovicium: Lanchester’s Roman Fort, Lanchester, Lanchester Partnership Ltd.
The Friends of Longovicium (2011) Longovicium: A Roman Town at Lanchester, Lanchester, The Lanchester Partnership
The National Monuments Records (English Heritage), online. Available at
www.pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk
The Ravenna Cosmography, transl. J. Schnetz (1942) (1990). Itineraria Romana. Volumen Alterum, Ravennatis Anonymi cosmographia et Guidonis geographica, Stuttgart, Teubner
Tomlin, R.S.O, Wright, R.P. & Hassall, M.W.C. (2009) The Roman inscriptions of Britain: Vol.III, inscriptions on stone, Oxford, Oxbow Books
Turner, R. (1990) 'A Romano-British Cemetery at Lanchester, Durham,’ Archaeologia Aeliana, 5th Series, Vol. XVIII, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Wilmott, T. (2002) ‘Roman commanders, Dark Age kings’, British Archaeology, Issue 63, available at www.britarch.uc.uk/ba/ba63/feat1.shtml
Wright, R.P. (1962) ‘Archaeological observations beside the Roman fort of Lanchester 1962’, Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, Vol. XI, 1958-65, pp.315-318 LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 196 World War 2 Type 22 pillbox, rough concrete hexagonal structure with 6 'firing' windows, doorway and internal anti-ricochet wall, all NZ 169 451 Defence Standing 1940 pillbox Type 22 intact. Built 1940 to defend the area in case of German invasion (Operation Sealion) and part of a national network. In Building field next to West Hamsteels Farm just off the B 6031 at the top of Bargate Bank. Excellent position overlooking the Lanchester valley with the then Consett to Durham railway in the valley bottom
202 War Memorial Memorial garden with dedicatory stone wall on the edge of the village green close to 'Brook Villa'. Inset into the centre NZ 167 474 Defence Monument 1921 WM 41772 (Village Green) of the wall is a marble tablet with an incised inscription in black lettering ' Lanchester and District War Memorial…..'. Originally sited in front of Chuch View and unveiled 11.11.51 by Lord Gort. Moved to present location in 1972 due to road alterations when A691 bypass was built.
203 War Memorial Stone cairn and Calvary cross with metal figure of Christ sited on the boundary of All Saints RC Church, Kitswell Road. NZ 164 477 Defence Monument 1926 WM41773 (Catholic Church) Two marble tablets for WW1 and WW2 are set into the cairn each with a dedicatory inscription in white lettering followed by the names of those who died.
159 Folktale - Sale of a This story comes from the Gray family of Biggin Farm and was passed down from old Mrs Gray to Laurie Gray and then NZ 18557 45126 Intangible Other Mid 1800s wife to Graham Bradley of Malton House Farm. Heritage The last local “Sale of a Wife” was at Biggin Farm under one of the trees. Laurie is now 89 years old and it is presumed that the event took place well back into the 1800s.
42 View East and View along old railway line. See also LHA ID Nos. 1 and 75 NZ 14818 48005 Views Landscape 1862 West along old railway line
46 View South East View from Lanchester House through mature trees to village centre looking south-east NZ 16504 47595 Views Landscape N/A
49 View from Paste Name is very old and derives from 'Pashal' (old English Easter). Also known as Pace Egg Bank. Countless NZ 16794 47791 Views Natural Feature N/A Egg Bank over generations have 'bouled' their eggs at Eastertide and the tradition continues today, reported in the Village Voice village newsletter in 2015. In snow, Paste Egg Bank is a mecca for dozens of sledgers and skiers, even snow boarders. Dog walkers also enjoy these fields, many people including children walk up and look down at Lanchester. Vital green space adn wildlife corridor, much used and greatly appreciated, visible from most of the village. Associated with Paste Egg song.
52 View West across View across village from Peth Pank. Looks across village south west onto Designated Area of High Landscape Value NZ 17343 47555 Views Landscape N/A village from Peth and the Scheduled Ancient Monument Site. Open views across beautiful countryside across the village nestle in the Bank valley bottom. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
196 Brian Naylor LHA 196a-b (1)Site visit (B Naylor). (2)Www.pillboxesuk.co.uk Good Used occasionally as a shelter by One of a number of similar Some Some Some Some (3)Wickepedia.British hardened field defences of farm animals but clean inside pillboxes around the ex-iron and world war 11 when inspected. Owner seems steel town of Consett 6 miles away. quite happy to have the structure A Link to the wider impact World on his land. War 2 had on a small rural parish.
202 Brian Naylor LHA202a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor). Good Currently maintained by Parish More names are currently being Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional (2)Www.imw.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/41772 Council. Potential risk from added. (3)Book: 'More about Lanchester' by Lilian Dixon vandalism (low) because easily accessed by public and lack of council funding
203 Brian Naylor LHA 203a-b (1) Site visit (B Naylor). Good Possible risk of vandaism as it is Well kept, easily accessible Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional (2)Www.imw.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/41773 easily accessible to the public memorial
159 John and One of the last traditions of the LHA ID No 159 Oral memories with Graham Bradley quoting Laurie Not Applicable N/A Great local story to be Marginal Exceptional Considerable Considerable Rosemary Gall working folk of the valley – Divorce Gray passed down from his mother Mrs Gray. remembered was only for the gentry and needed a Parliamentary Act. The Sale procedure was known in both England and Scotland
42 Tina Patterson Associated assets LHA ID No 1, See LHA 1 www.disused-stations.org Good EXCEPTIONAL LHA ID No 75
46 Chris and View considerably changed from LHA ID No 46a O/S National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Not Applicable Possible risk from modern EXCEPTIONAL Wendy Phillips 1861 O/S map. View down the map scale Six Inches Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- development. Protection from Front Street then showed the to One Statute Mile 1952 location within Conservation Area bridge over Smallhope Burn some Surveyed 1857 distance before the expanse of the Printed 1861. LHA ‘The Green’ (Village Green). The ID No 46b Photo Front Street then continued reproduced from through the centre of the The ‘Lanchester in Times Green whereas today it follows a Past page 12. LHA different route and the current view ID No 46c Current whilst much changed is very view south east, pleasant. The range and type of Lanchester House buildings alter along the curve of behind, looking south- the Front Street east along Front Street.
49 Jill Gladstone High amenity value LHA 49a-f Village Design Statement, Village Voice Newsletter Good Risk of housing development EXCEPTIONAL 2015
52 Sally Laverick LHA 52c Village Design Statement 2004, Lanchester Locality Not Applicable Housing development. Other EXCEPTIONAL Map - 2009, Lanchester ConservationArea development of land. Ownership Document 2016, of land LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 68 View from Front View from Front Street looking north-east towards Black Woods. A very pleasant aspect of Lanchester. This view can NZ 16655 47459 Views Landscape N/A Street looking encompass Lanchester Village Green looking towards the Parish Church. Depending upon the season the view may north-east be obscured by the mature deciduous trees on the village green. The church (Norman in date) sits nicely in the towards Black foreground Woods. Black Wood sits behind the church towards the south-east
71 View South and Looking south over the valley, the entire village and fields beyond can be seen.Various important landmarks in the NZ 17058 48049 Views Landscape N/A West village can be identified. Looking west Consett and Maiden Law can be viewed. The whole scene encompasses indigenous trees and hedges with beautiful colours in the autumn. The variety of different field uses can be illustrated throughout the year.
75 View East and View along old raliway line. See also LHA ID Nos. 1 and 42 NZ 14221 48151 Views Landscape N/A West at Knitsley Viaduct
86 View of Front Roofline, size of houses, buildings and shops are 'all of a piece', characterful streetscape with lots of individual buildings NZ 16509 47567 Views Landscape N/A Street - the testament to the history of the village as a whole. streetscape and views along
100 View over open Open land including Alderdene Burn off Broadoak Drive with steps leading to Briardene. This irregularly shaped area, NZ 16126 47413 Views Landscape N/A land including about 0.9 acre, either side of the Alderdene Burn is formed by the boundaries of housing on Briardene, Broadoak drive Alderdene Burn and Foxhills Crescent (part of the housing development completed in the mid 1970’s). It was formally open farmland off Broadoak and links to open grazed fields beyond and behind the housing. It forms an important green corridor for people, habitat Drive with steps and wildlife, which links views of open countryside to the west down into the village centre via a stepped path to leading to Broadoak Drive. These areas are an important feature of development within Lanchester because they provide ready Briardene walking access to/from the village via grassed areas and stepped ‘cuts’ through the housing estate. They evidence how people have interacted with the village heart and moved about the village from their residential dwellings over time. The area is grassed, has established tree cover on either side of the Burn and lower shrubs on the banks of the Burn, This Burn is an important waterway to carry water and provide flood drainage from the fields above. Water is carried down into the village. Most trees appear to be native.
103 Views from Beautiful views looking south east which encompass managed farmland, woods, trees and dry stone walls. NZ 11713 45385 Views Landscape N/A country road LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
68 Chris and The view across to Black Wood will LHA 68a O/S map National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Good Possible risk from development- CONSIDERABLE Wendy Phillips have changed much over the scale Six Inches to Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- risk is severe from potential years. Until the late 1800’s the One Statute Mile 1952 housing development wood did not exist. Primarily 1923 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and-wales/ managed and planted as a LHA 68b O/S map coniferous woodland. scale 1:25000 Current/most recent version LHA 68c View in front of Village Green looking south-east towards Black Wood LHA 68d View at rear of Village Green looking south-east towards Black Wood
71 Jane Laycock LHA 71a-e Good Development of housing outside EXCEPTIONAL village boundary
75 Tina Patterson Associated assets LHA ID No 1, See LHA 1 www.disused-stations.org Good EXCEPTIONAL LHA ID No 42
86 Fiona Green LHA 86a-k Not Applicable CONSIDERABLE
100 David Friesner Important open space (similar to LHA 100a-f Introducing Lanchester' (1973) by the Community Good Need to regularly maintain water CONSIDERABLE - Pleasant open LHA 198). Important wildife and Centre Association. flow of burn and condition of space within the village, echoing flora esp. fungi. Burn very banksides and tree cover to the rural countryside beyond. Well important to manage water and ensure free flow; grassed cover used, well maintained, bridge is an flood drainage from fields higher and tree canopies not managed in attractive feature. up the valley through the estate long term; potential adverse and village environmental impact of housing development in adjacent fields areas. Low intensity lighting could be of benefit to pedestrians and cyclists.
103 Jane Laycock LHA103a-e Good Management of the land CONSIDERABLE LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 115 View North East View from Lanchester bypass (A691) looking north east across the landscape east of Lanchester Village. Known NZ 16616 47946 Views Landscape N/A locally as ‘Paste Egg Bank/Hill. Fondly known as the location for Lanchester villagers to take part every Easter Monday and roll (or ‘boule’) their hard-boiled eggs down the hill.
122 Views from Full panoramic views from Margery Flatts across open countryside to the west, across the village to the east, and NZ 15752 47631 Views Landscape N/A Margery Flatts across and along the valley. The Community Orchard is located at Margery Flatts and is accessed via Newbiggen across open Lane. This area offers important and impressive views because the surrounding fields have such an open aspect countryside to the without any development after Ridgeway (LHA 197) and other than the residential buildings created which were once west, across the known as Margery Flatts Farm. There are several views: along the line of Deere Street looking NW along the valley village to the east, towards Iveston; views along line of Deere Street looking up hillside towards Longovicium Roman Fort and settlement and across and area. Uninterrupted 360 degree panoramic views across the village, over the valley and open countryside are possible. along the valley. This demonstrates the context for Lanchester’s development and its relatively protected position nestled in the valley floor with several lanes and route-ways leading to and from the village such as Newbiggen Lane and Cadger Bank. An observer is also able to readily imagine the relationship between the Roman features at Longovicium and in adjacent fields because of the very open aspect and views across the adjoining fields, and up and over the valley top as well as along the valley. Equally important are the views across the valley towards Iveston and Consett and across the valley up towards Maiden Law Bank, Annfield Plain (and on to Stanley) and Burnhope. These routes are still important today for commuters whilst from the 19th century they were just as important and used by the Iron and Steel Industry (Consett Iron works), and Coal industry (drift and deep mines). These views clearly demonstrate one of the reasons why Lanchester grew and developed as an important administrative and organisational centre taking advantage of the industrial development of the 19th century and from its position at a key point in the valley which allowed ready access from the north, south, east and west. The opening of the London and North East Railway further reinforced this because it took full advantage of the area’s topography by travelling along the Lanchester Valley whilst serving Consett and surrounding villages (LHA88). LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
115 Chris and Fondly known as the location for LHA 115 a-d National Library of Scotland-online view of Ordnance Good Possible risk from development- EXCEPTIONAL Wendy Phillips Lanchester villagers to take part Survey Maps Six-inch England and Wales 1842- risk is severe from potential every Easter Monday and roll (or 1952 http://maps.nls.uk/os/6inch-england-and- housing development ‘boule’) their hard-boiled eggs wales/. Online source of Burt Hunter, down the hill http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/durhamdialect/pasteeg Burt Hunter, fount of much rural gs.html wisdom from Knitsley near Consett, has always roled eggs on Easter Sunday and says any convenient bank will do. “We still paste-egg each Easter Monday morning on Paste Egg Bank at Lanchester (bring an egg to dye - all welcome). The eggs are dyed with flowers (usually celandines) and onion skin. Cow parsley leaves (not fern) provide a stencil to make a feathery pattern. The eggs are then bouled competitively until there is a winner. Occasionally some people jarp but this is not usually done as bouling is more fun.” Comparing the O/S 1861 map with the current O/S map the same field boundary can be seen. It is likely the agricultural landscape has not changed in over 150 years, although the modern ‘infrastructure’ (roads/buildings) now impacts on this view
122 David Friesner SeeLHA 128 LHA 122a-d Good EXCEPTIONAL. Impressive uninterrupted 360 panoramic views across the village over the valley and open coutnryside. Demonstrates the context for Lanchester's development and its relatively protected position nestled in the valley floor with several lanes and routeways leading to and fromteh village. Much loved by local residents, walkers and cyclists alike. Examples Lanchester's rural nature, setting, context, character and atmosphere in the part of Durham. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 126 View West from View and landscape looking to the west and south from Deneside across open fields to Longovicium Roman Fort NZ 17130 47171 Views Landscape N/A Deneside across the village
127 View South West View South West looking from the direction of Colepike Road, away from the village and up the hillside towards Cadger NZ 16226 47023 Views Landscape N/A looking from the Bank and the Roman Fort. This uninterrupted view towards Longovicium enables the location of the roman settlement direction of of Longovicium and related Roman developments to be imagined and provides a very important setting and context Colepike Road, within the overall valley topography away from the village and up the hillside towards Cadger Bank and the Roman Fort. See also LHA 126 and LHA 128.
128 Views either side Views in all directions from a point on Newbiggen Lane midway between Margery Flatts and Ridgeway. See also LHA NZ 15877 47600 Views Landscape N/A of Newbiggen 122 and 126. Full panoramic views are offered from this location. This area offers important and impressive Lane up to uninterrupted views. The area is not spoiled by development and therefore has a very an open aspect with Humberhill Lane development stopping after Ridgeway (LHA 197). 360 degree panoramic views across the village, over the valley and showing several open countryside are possible. This demonstrates the context for Lanchester’s development and its relatively protected plantation tree position nestled in the valley floor with several lanes and route-ways leading to and from the village such as Newbiggen strips between Lane and Cadger Bank. An observer is also able to readily imagine the relationship between the Roman features at fields Longovicium and in adjacent fields because of the very open aspect and views across the adjoining fields, and up and over the valley top as well as along the valley. Equally important are the views across the valley towards Iveston and Consett and across the valley up towards Maiden Law Bank, Annfield Plain (and on to Stanley) and Burnhope. These routes are still important today for commuters whilst from the 19th century they were just as important and used by the Iron and Steel Industry (Consett Iron works), and the Coal industry (drift and deep mines). These views clearly demonstrate one of the reasons why Lanchester grew and developed as an important administrative and organisational centre taking advantage of the industrial development of the 19th century and from its position at a key point in the valley which allowed ready access from the north, south, east and west. The opening of the London and North East Railway further reinforced this because it took full advantage of the area’s topography by travelling along the Lanchester Valley whilst serving Consett and surrounding villages (LHA88). LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
126 David Friesner Very good open views across and LHA 126a-c GIS Maps Durham, search Lanchester all maps and Good Additional development that blocks EXCEPTIONAL - Exceptional. along the valley including towards historical maps open access and views across and Impressive uninterrupted 360 Longovicium http://www.durhamrecordoffice.org.uk/Pages/Maps1. along the valley degree panoramic views across aspx the village, over the valley and open countryside from this view. This demonstrates the context for Lanchester’s development and its relatively protected position nestled in the valley floor with several lanes and route-ways leading to and from the village. Much loved by local residents, walkers and cyclists alike. Examples Lanchester's rural nature, setting, context, character and atmosphere in this part of Durham.
127 David Friesner Very good open views up the LHA 127a-c GIS Maps Durham, search Lanchester all maps and Good Additional development that blocks CONSIDERABLE - This valley including demontsrating the historical maps open access and views up the uniterrupted view towards context and setting of Longovicium http://www.durhamrecordoffice.org.uk/Pages/Maps1. valley towards Longovicium Longovicium enables the location aspx of the Roman settlement of Longovicium and related Roamnd developments to be imagined and provides a very important setting and context within the overall valley topography.
128 David Friesner Open aspects and panoramic LHA 128a-e Good Additional development in open EXCEPTIONAL - Full panoramic views enabling interpretation of countryside that destroys open views are offered from this Roman period and connectivity aspect, setting and views up, location. This area offers important with Lanchester and Lanchester's down, along and across the valley and impressive uninterrupted links to its agricultural heritage views. The area is not spoiled by development and therefore has a very an open aspect with development stopping after Ridgeway (LHA 197). 360 degree panoramic views across the village, over the valley and open countryside are possible. This demonstrates the context for Lanchester’s development and its relatively protected position nestled in the valley floor. LHA Site Name Site Description Grid Reference Theme Form Date Designations No.
KM100 NGRE NGRN Type Entry No HER TPO Other No. 130 Views either side Views either side of Newbiggen Lane up to Humberhill Lane showing several plantation tree strips between fields. View NZ 14783 47608 Views Landscape N/A of Newbiggen towards Upper Houses Farm with trees before the farm. Several barrier strips, about 8 in total, are seen along Lane up to Newbiggen Lane travelling towards Humberhill Lane. They vary in size from about 2.7, 3.4 and 4.4 acres. They vary in Humberhill Lane length and are on either side of the road. They are mostly covered with conifer. They provide important habitat, green showing several corridors and wildlife cover amongst the field network otherwise the fields and countryside in this area would be very plantation tree open, continuous and exposed. This ground cover also helps to hold more water within the soil structure and therefore strips between helps to contribute to the flood management of the valley before water reaches Lanchester. fields
197 View and View and landscape north to south from Ridgeway looking west across open fields towards Iveston and Consett. NZ 16017 47735 Views Landscape 1970s landscape from Ridgeway is a narrow strip of land originally forming a field boundary and border. At its southern point, it provides ready Ridgeway walking access from Newbiggen Lane to the Lanchester Valley Railway Path (LVRP, accessed by steps) at its northern point. It offers unrestricted views (180+ degrees) to the west over open countryside and along the valley towards Iveston and Consett. Fields are currently used for sheep grazing. It comprises of a tarmac path (on average, about 2m wide) and accompanying hedgerow and grassed border alongside its western edge with low level brick and stone walling provided by the housing along its eastern edge. The length of Ridgeway is over 300m and the field boundary and border varies in its overall width between about 1m and 4m as you proceed along the path. The widest section is before you approach the LVRP. The border provides a raised banking field edge along Ridgeway and stock post and wire fencing form current field boundaries. The banked edge is mostly grassed with occasional original hedgerows and some trees. Trees are currently 15-20m high and appear to be native species. Looking across the two fields adjoining Ridgeway, 7 tall trees mark the original field line between these two fields. Residential development on the eastern side of Ridgeway comprises of a small number of bungalows with several semi-detached houses nearer the LVRP. There are signs of a field ditch within the border. The ditch has all but disappeared at the Newbiggen Lane end, but has been kept clear in the section about 100m before the LVRP. It is clearly visible along this length. The hedgerow, grass cover and adjoining fields are home to numerous birds throughout the seasons. Refer also to LHA ID No. 70, (Newbiggen Lane) and the Community Orchard which adjoin and are in close proximity to Ridgeway. LHA Field Surveyor Notes Photo Nos Online links / sources Current Status Significance No.
Condition Risks & Issues General Comments Survival Story Stimulating Social
130 David Friesner 8 strips of tree cover creating LHA 130a-b Good More intensive farm working SOME - Views showing plantation green corridor barriers, of varying techniques destroy, remove, tree strip barriers between fields. size between NZ 15224 47735 and reduce tree strip barriers between They provide important habitat, NZ13870 47799 at Humberhill fields; loss of tree cover and green corridors and wildlife cover. Lane wildlife habitat; effect of poor tree Ground cover helps to hold more management in LT water within the soil structure and therefore helps to contribute to the flood management of the valley.
197 David Friesner View and aspect demonstrate links LHA 197a-d Abstract of Title relating to the Mount Park Estate Good Maintenance of hedgerow, ditches EXCEPTIONAL - View and to agricultural past and Lanchester in the county of Durham. Winskell & and fencing not maintained; landscape north to south from Lanchester's relationship and key Walker (1920) and Wilson & Co, Durham. Potential housing development in Ridgeway looking west across position and centre within the Conversations with Lanchester residents: Michael fields with associated loss of open fields towards Iveston and valley. Opportunity to interpret Carr, Elaine Williams landscape, views, and wildlife Consett. Ridgeway is a narrow Roman activity across within the habitat; Increased flooding risk strip of land originally forming a valley. onto Lanchester Railway Valley field boundary and border. At its path southern point, it provides ready walking access for residents who use it regularly to get to/from Newbiggen Lane and the Lanchester Valley Railway Path (LVRP. It offers unrestricted views (180+ degrees) much loved by residents, to the west over open countryside, along the valley and up the slopes rising from the valley floor. Views offer changing experiences through the seasons and full appreciation of the character, setting and atmosphere of Lanchester's rural context nestling within the valley and connected to its agricultural past.