DOCSLIB.ORG

Grey Mono Family Overview

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grey Mono Family Overview Grey Mono Family Overview Styles About the Font LL Grey is a sans serif born of a screen-friendly appearance. As Grey Mono Light French grotesque, with all the with his previous efforts LL Purple rude, cabaret-like stroke endings and LL Brown, Aurèle used a his- of the genre. First called AS Gold, toric predecessor for formal cues, Grey Mono Light Italic the typeface made its debut as but brought his signature surgi- part of Aurèle Sack’s diploma pro- cal precision to its rendering. The Grey Mono Book ject at ECAL in 2004. result is a pleasant widening of the Now distilled and extended into idiosyncratic proportions of 19th Grey Mono Book Mono a playful yet highly readable text century grotesques. font, LL Grey has a contemporary, Scripts Cyrillic кириллица File Formats Opentype CFF, Truetype, WOFF, WOFF2 Greek Ελληνικά Design Aurèle Sack (2020 – 2021) Contact General inquiries: Lineto GmbH Paneuropean abc абв αβγ [email protected] Lutherstrasse 32 CH-8004 Zürich Technical inquiries: Switzerland Separate [email protected] PDF Grey Sales & licensing inquiries: www.lineto.com [email protected] LL Grey Mono – Specimen 2 Lineto Type Foundry Glyph Overview Latin A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q Cyrillic А а Б б В в Г г Ѓ ѓ Ґ ґ Д д Е е Ё R S T U V W X Y Z ё Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Ќ ќ Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ў ў Ф Lowercase a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q ф Х х Ч ч Ц ц Ш ш Щ щ Џ џ Ъ ъ Ы ы r s ß t u v w x y z Ь ь Љ љ Њ њ Ѕ ѕ Є є Э э І і Ї ї Ј Proportional, ј Ћ ћ Ю ю Я я Ђ ђ Ѣ ѣ Ғ ғ Қ қ Ң ң Mono Figures 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ү ү Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ Һ һ Ә ә Ө ө Ligatures fi fl Greek Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Extented Character set À à Á á  â à ã Ä ä Å å Ā ā Ă ă Ą Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ Τ τ ą Ǻ ǻ Ǽ ǽ Æ æ Ç ç Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Ċ ċ Č č Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω Σ ς Α ά Ε έ Η ή Ι ί Ď ď Đ đ È è É é Ê ê Ë ë Ē ē Ĕ ĕ Ė Ο ό Υ ύ Ω ώ Ϊ ϊ Ϋ ϋ Ϊ ΰ ė Ę ę Ě ě Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ġ ġ Ģ ģ Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Punctuation ( . , : ; ? ! ¿ ¡ … ) [ & @ # ] Ì ì Í í Î î Ï ï Ĩ ĩ Ī ī Ĭ ĭ Į į İ { - – — } � � � � „ “ ” ‚ ‘ ’ _ / ı IJ ij Ĵ ĵ Ķ ķ ĸ Ð ð Ł ł Ĺ ĺ Ļ ļ Ľ \ ' " † ‡ * • ¶ § © ® ℗ ™ ľ Ŀ ŀ Ñ ñ Ń ń Ņ ņ Ň ň ʼn Ŋ ŋ Œ œ Ò ò Ó ó Ô ô Õ õ Ö ö Ø ø Ō ō Ŏ ŏ Ő ő Case Sensitive Forms � � � � � � � � � � � � � Ǿ ǿ Ŕ ŕ Ŗ ŗ Ř ř Š š Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Ş ş Ș Currency, € $ £ ¥ ¢ ƒ ¤ ₡ ₦ ₲ ₵ ₴ ₸ ₺ ₽ ₿ ₽ ș Ţ ţ Ț ț Ť ť Ŧ ŧ Ù ù Ú ú Û û Ü ü Mathematical Ũ ũ Ū ū Ŭ ŭ Ů ů Ű ű Ų ų Ŵ ŵ Ý ý Ÿ Operators % ‰ + − × ÷ = ≠ ≈ < > ≤ ≥ ± ~ ¬ ◊ ÿ Ŷ ŷ Ž ž Ź ź Ż ż Ƶ ƶ Þ þ Ə ə ∂ ∆ ∏ ∑ Ω μ ∫ ∞ √ ∧ ∕ ^ ≡ | ¦ ⋮ ℓ ℮ ° ⁄ № LL Grey Mono – Specimen 3 Lineto Type Foundry Glyph Overview Layout Features Fractions Case Sensitive 1 ½ ⅓ ¼ ⅕ ⅙ ⅛ ⅔ ⅖ ¾ ⅗ ⅜ ⅘ ⅚ ⅝ ⅞ Forms [Discret] �DISCRET� May–July MAY�JULY Arrows ← → ↑ ↓ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙ ↰ ↱ ↲ ↳ «Hello» �HELLO� Arrows 1 º ª Standard Ligatures fly fiction fly fiction Numerators, Denominators H � � � � � � � � � � Arbitrary 61 2/5 × 9 4/5 100 ⅖ × 9 ⅘ H � � � � � � � � � � Fractions 4 1/6 ÷ 2 1/5 4 ⅙ ÷ 2 ⅕ Superscripts, H ⁰ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ Subscripts 100 5/8 × 32 3/8 100 ⅝ × 32 ⅜ H ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ Superscript North1, East2 North¹, East² Circled ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆ ➇ ➈ Numbers ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍ ➎ ➏ ➐ ➑ ➒ Subscript H2O H₂O Ordinals Symbols ■ □ ▮ ▯ ❏ ◼ ◻ ▲ △ ● ○ ✦ ✧ ★ ☆ ░ ❤ 1a 1ª ☮ ☻ ☺ ✺ ◊ ◦ ✓ ✕ • • ☠ ✂ ✌ ✎ • • 1o 1º Sharp S Nebenstrasse Nebenstraße LL Grey Mono – Specimen 4 Lineto Type Foundry Layout Features Stylistic Set 1: Alternate a Retina Retina Adapting Adapting Gestalt Gestalt Stylistic Set 2: Alternate y Delaunay Delaunay Angularity Angularity Poetry Poetry Stylistic Set 3: Alternate Q Quadrant Quadrant Quest Quest Quarter Quarter Stylistic Set 5: Alternate 3 30 × 30 cm 30 × 30 cm 1963 1963 Stylistic Set 8: Historical Essential Essential Form Asymmetric Asymmetric Stylistic Set 9: Cyrillic Оптический Оптический Alternates Обман Обман Иллюзия Иллюзия Позже Позже LL Grey Mono – Specimen 5 Lineto Type Foundry LL Grey Mono Pan — Script Options 100 Points Latin Distortion Cyrillic – Russian Искажение Greek Παραμόρφωση LL Grey Mono – Specimen 6 Lineto Type Foundry LL Grey Mono Light 4.5 Points When an observer moves, the appa- to the perception of movement in a translucent screen, an observer 9 Points rent relative motion of several a line toward the observer. The on the other side of the screen Most open-plains herbivores, especially hoofed grazers, stationary objects against a back- dynamic stimulus change enables will see a two-dimensional pattern ground gives hints about their the observer not only to see the of lines. But if the cube rotates, lack binocular vision because they have their eyes on the relative distance. If information object as moving, but to perceive the visual system will extract the about the direction and velo- the distance of the moving object. necessary information for percep- sides of the head, providing a panoramic, almost 360°, city of movement is known, motion Thus, in this context, the chan- tion of the third dimension from parallax can provide absolute ging size serves as a distance the movements of the lines, and a view of the horizon - enabling them to notice the appro- depth information. This effect can cue. A related phenomenon is the cube is seen. This is an example be seen clearly when driving in visual system’s capacity to calcu- of the kinetic depth effect. The ach of predators from almost any direction. However, a car. Nearby things pass quickly, late time-to-contact of an approa- effect also occurs when the rota- while far off objects appear ching object from the rate of ting object is solid (rather than most predators have both eyes looking forwards, allowing stationary. Some animals that lack optical expansion – a useful abi- an outline figure), provided that binocular vision due to their lity in contexts ranging from dri- the projected shadow consists binocular depth perception and helping them to judge eyes having little common field-of ving a car to playing a ball game. of lines which have definite cor- -VIEW EMPLOY MOTION PARALLAX HOWEVER, CALCULATION OF TTC IS, NERS OR END POINTS, AND THAT THESE distances when they pounce or swoop down onto their prey. MORE EXPLICITLY THAN HUMANS FOR STRICTLY SPEAKING, PERCEPTION OF LINES CHANGE IN BOTH LENGTH DEPTH CUEING. WHEN AN OBJECT MOVES VELOCITY RATHER THAN DEPTH. IF A AND ORIENTATION DURING THE ROTA- Animals that spend a lot of time in trees take advan- TOWARD THE OBSERVER, THE RETINAL STATIONARY RIGID FIGURE IS PLACED TION.THE PROPERTY OF PARALLEL PROJECTION OF AN OBJECT EXPANDS IN FRONT OF A POINT SOURCE OF LINES CONVERGING IN THE DISTANCE, tage of binocular vision in order to accurately judge OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, WHICH LEADS LIGHT SO THAT ITS SHADOW FALLS ON AT INFINITY, ALLOWS US TO RECON- distances when rapidly moving from branch to branch. Matt Cartmill, a physical anthropologist & anatomist at 6 Points Cubism was based on the idea of incor- THE pioneering late work of Cézanne, porating multiple points of view in a which both anticipated and inspired the BOSTON UNIVERSITY, HAS CRITICIZED THIS THEORY, CITING painted image, as if to simulate the first actual Cubists. Cézanne’s land- OTHER ARBOREAL SPECIES WHICH LACK BINOCULAR VISION, SUCH visual experience of being physically scapes and still lives powerfully sug- in the presence of the subject, and gest the artist’s own highly developed AS SQUIRRELS AND CERTAIN BIRDS. INSTEAD, HE PROPOSES A seeing it from different angles. The depth perception. At the same time, “VISUAL PREDATION HYPOTHESIS”, WHICH ARGUES THAT ANCESTRAL radical experiments of Georges Braque, like the other Post-Impressionists, Pablo Picasso, Jean Metzinger’s Nu à Cézanne had learned from Japanese art la cheminée, Albert Gleizes’s La Femme the significance of respecting the flat 10.5 Points aux Phlox, or Robert Delaunay’s views rectangle of the picture itself; Physiological illusions, such as the afterimages OF THE Eiffel TOWER, EMPLOY THE EXPLO- Hokusai and HIROSHIGE IGNORED OR EVEN SIVE ANGULARITY OF CUBISM TO EXAGGERATE REVERSED LINEAR PERSPECTIVE AND THEREBY following bright lights, or adapting stimuli THE TRADITIONAL ILLUSION OF THREE- REMIND THE VIEWER THAT A PICTURE CAN of excessively longer alternating patterns, are DIMENSIONAL SPACE. THE SUBTLE USE OF ONLY BE “TRUE” WHEN IT ACKNOWLEDGES THE MULTIPLE POINTS OF VIEW CAN BE FOUND IN TRUTH OF ITS OWN FLAT SURFACE. BY presumed to be the effects on the eyes or brain of excessive stimulation or interaction 7 Points Isaac Newton proposed that the optic nerve of humans and other primates, with contextual or competing stimuli of a – SS01 has a specific architecture on its way from the eye to the brain.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conjunctive and Disjunctive Eye Movements an Pupillary Response Performance for Objective Metrics in Acute Mtbi
    Conjunctive and Disjunctive Eye Movements an Pupillary Response Performance for Objective Metrics in Acute mTBI Carey Balaban, PhD1 Michael Hoffer, MD2 Mikaylo Sczczupak MD2 Alex Kiderman, PhD3 1University of Pittsburgh, 2 University of Miami, 3Neuro Kinetics, Inc. Disclosures • Michael E. Hoffer and Carey D. Balaban have no conflicts of interest or financial interests to report • Alexander Kiderman is an employee and shareholder of Neuro Kinetics, Inc. • The views expressed in this talk are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Pittsburgh, University of Miami, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. 2 Why is mTBI a Topic for Otolaryngology? • Balance disorders often present • Co-morbidities similar to balance-migraine- anxiety • Vestibular, oculomotor and reaction time tests provide objective metrics for acute mTBI Precision Medicine • Current clinical nosology as a clinical descriptive template – Symptoms – Signs – “Biomarkers” • Establish etiologic nosology – Identify acute response processes – Identify longitudinal processes – Plan interventions appropriate to patients’ clinical trajectories ‘Plain Language’ mTBI Definition • Documented traumatic event • ‘Not Quite Right’ (‘NQR’ criterion) • How does one quantify ‘NQR’? 5 Conjunctive Eye Movements as Objective mTBI Metrics: Up to 2 Weeks Post-Injury Conjuctive (Conjugate) Eye Movements for mTBI Diagnosis • High Frequency Horizontal Vestibulo-ocular Reflex – Computer-controlled Head Impulse Test (crHIT) • Saccades – Antisaccade Task – Predictive Saccade Task • Optokinetic Response • Smooth Pursuit Key Measure Changes Across Sessions Key Measure Changes Across Sessions Background • Disconjugate eye movements (convergence and divergence) track objects that vary in depth over the binocular visual field. These eye movements can be measured objectively and are commonly affected following mTBI.
    [Show full text]
  • Interacting with Autostereograms
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336204498 Interacting with Autostereograms Conference Paper · October 2019 DOI: 10.1145/3338286.3340141 CITATIONS READS 0 39 5 authors, including: William Delamare Pourang Irani Kochi University of Technology University of Manitoba 14 PUBLICATIONS 55 CITATIONS 184 PUBLICATIONS 2,641 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Xiangshi Ren Kochi University of Technology 182 PUBLICATIONS 1,280 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Color Perception in Augmented Reality HMDs View project Collaboration Meets Interactive Spaces: A Springer Book View project All content following this page was uploaded by William Delamare on 21 October 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Interacting with Autostereograms William Delamare∗ Junhyeok Kim Kochi University of Technology University of Waterloo Kochi, Japan Ontario, Canada University of Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada Winnipeg, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Daichi Harada Pourang Irani Xiangshi Ren Kochi University of Technology University of Manitoba Kochi University of Technology Kochi, Japan Winnipeg, Canada Kochi, Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Figure 1: Illustrative examples using autostereograms. a) Password input. b) Wearable e-mail notification. c) Private space in collaborative conditions. d) 3D video game. e) Bar gamified special menu. Black elements represent the hidden 3D scene content. ABSTRACT practice. This learning effect transfers across display devices Autostereograms are 2D images that can reveal 3D content (smartphone to desktop screen). when viewed with a specific eye convergence, without using CCS CONCEPTS extra-apparatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Stereoscopic Label Placement
    Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertations, No. 1293 Stereoscopic Label Placement Reducing Distraction and Ambiguity in Visually Cluttered Displays Stephen Daniel Peterson Department of Science and Technology Linköping University SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden Norrköping, 2009 Stereoscopic Label Placement: Reducing Distraction and Ambiguity in Visually Cluttered Displays Copyright © 2009 Stephen D. Peterson [email protected] Division of Visual Information Technology and Applications (VITA) Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden ISBN 978-91-7393-469-5 ISSN 0345-7524 This thesis is available online through Linköping University Electronic Press: www.ep.liu.se Printed by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden 2009 Abstract With increasing information density and complexity, computer displays may become visually cluttered, adversely affecting overall usability. Text labels can significantly add to visual clutter in graphical user interfaces, but are generally kept legible through specific label placement algorithms that seek visual separation of labels and other ob- jects in the 2D view plane. This work studies an alternative approach: can overlap- ping labels be visually segregated by distributing them in stereoscopic depth? The fact that we have two forward-looking eyes yields stereoscopic disparity: each eye has a slightly different perspective on objects in the visual field. Disparity is used for depth perception by the human visual system, and is therefore also provided by stereoscopic 3D displays to produce a sense of depth. This work has shown that a stereoscopic label placement algorithm yields user per- formance comparable with existing algorithms that separate labels in the view plane. At the same time, such stereoscopic label placement is subjectively rated significantly less disturbing than traditional methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Algorithms for Single Image Random Dot Stereograms
    Displaying 3D Images: Algorithms for Single Image Random Dot Stereograms Harold W. Thimbleby,† Stuart Inglis,‡ and Ian H. Witten§* Abstract This paper describes how to generate a single image which, when viewed in the appropriate way, appears to the brain as a 3D scene. The image is a stereogram composed of seemingly random dots. A new, simple and symmetric algorithm for generating such images from a solid model is given, along with the design parameters and their influence on the display. The algorithm improves on previously-described ones in several ways: it is symmetric and hence free from directional (right-to-left or left-to-right) bias, it corrects a slight distortion in the rendering of depth, it removes hidden parts of surfaces, and it also eliminates a type of artifact that we call an “echo”. Random dot stereograms have one remaining problem: difficulty of initial viewing. If a computer screen rather than paper is used for output, the problem can be ameliorated by shimmering, or time-multiplexing of pixel values. We also describe a simple computational technique for determining what is present in a stereogram so that, if viewing is difficult, one can ascertain what to look for. Keywords: Single image random dot stereograms, SIRDS, autostereograms, stereoscopic pictures, optical illusions † Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland. Phone (+44) 786–467679; fax 786–467641; email [email protected] ‡ Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Phone (+64 7) 856–2889; fax 838–4155; email [email protected]. § Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Secret Sharing Scheme with Autostereogram*
    Visual Secret Sharing Scheme with Autostereogram* Feng Yi, Daoshun Wang** and Yiqi Dai Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China Abstract. Visual secret sharing scheme (VSSS) is a secret sharing method which decodes the secret by using the contrast ability of the human visual system. Autostereogram is a single two dimensional (2D) image which becomes a virtual three dimensional (3D) image when viewed with proper eye convergence or divergence. Combing the two technologies via human vision, this paper presents a new visual secret sharing scheme called (k, n)-VSSS with autostereogram. In the scheme, each of the shares is an autostereogram. Stacking any k shares, the secret image is recovered visually without any equipment, but no secret information is obtained with less than k shares. Keywords: visual secret sharing scheme; visual cryptography; autostereogram 1． Introduction In 1979, Blakely and Shamir[1-2] independently invented a secret sharing scheme to construct robust key management scheme. A secret sharing scheme is a method of sharing a secret among a group of participants. In 1994, Naor and Shamir[3] firstly introduced visual secret sharing * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90304014) ** E-mail address: [email protected] (D.S.Wang) 1 scheme in Eurocrypt’94’’ and constructed (k, n)-threshold visual secret sharing scheme which conceals the original data in n images called shares. The original data can be recovered from the overlap of any at least k shares through the human vision without any knowledge of cryptography or cryptographic computations. With the development of the field, Droste[4] provided a new (k, n)-VSSS algorithm and introduced a model to construct the (n, n)-combinational threshold scheme.
    [Show full text]
  • Care of the Patient with Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction
    OPTOMETRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE Care of the Patient with Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction OPTOMETRY: THE PRIMARY EYE CARE PROFESSION Doctors of optometry are independent primary health care providers who examine, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases and disorders of the visual system, the eye, and associated structures as well as diagnose related systemic conditions. Optometrists provide more than two-thirds of the primary eye care services in the United States. They are more widely distributed geographically than other eye care providers and are readily accessible for the delivery of eye and vision care services. There are approximately 36,000 full-time-equivalent doctors of optometry currently in practice in the United States. Optometrists practice in more than 6,500 communities across the United States, serving as the sole primary eye care providers in more than 3,500 communities. The mission of the profession of optometry is to fulfill the vision and eye care needs of the public through clinical care, research, and education, all of which enhance the quality of life. OPTOMETRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH ACCOMMODATIVE AND VERGENCE DYSFUNCTION Reference Guide for Clinicians Prepared by the American Optometric Association Consensus Panel on Care of the Patient with Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction: Jeffrey S. Cooper, M.S., O.D., Principal Author Carole R. Burns, O.D. Susan A. Cotter, O.D. Kent M. Daum, O.D., Ph.D. John R. Griffin, M.S., O.D. Mitchell M. Scheiman, O.D. Revised by: Jeffrey S. Cooper, M.S., O.D. December 2010 Reviewed by the AOA Clinical Guidelines Coordinating Committee: David A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Single Coordinate Framework for Optic Flow and Binocular Disparity
    A coordinate framework for optic flow and disparity Glennerster and Read A single coordinate framework for optic flow and binocular disparity 1¶* 2¶ Andrew Glennerster and Jenny C.A. Read 1 School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AL 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work. * Corresponding author. Email [email protected] (AG) A coordinate framework for optic flow and disparity Glennerster and Read Abstract Optic flow is two dimensional, but no special qualities are attached to one or other of these dimensions. For binocular disparity, on the other hand, the terms 'horizontal' and 'vertical' disparities are commonly used. This is odd, since binocular disparity and optic flow describe essentially the same thing. The difference is that, generally, people tend to fixate relatively close to the direction of heading as they move, meaning that fixation is close to the optic flow epipole, whereas, for binocular vision, fixation is close to the head-centric midline, i.e. approximately 90 degrees from the binocular epipole. For fixating animals, some separations of flow may lead to simple algorithms for the judgement of surface structure and the control of action. We consider the following canonical flow patterns that sum to produce overall flow: (i) ‘towards’ flow, the component of translational flow produced by approaching (or retreating from) the fixated object, which produces pure radial flow on the retina; (ii) ‘sideways’ flow, the remaining component of translational flow, which is produced by translation of the optic centre orthogonal to the cyclopean line of sight and (iii) ‘vergence’ flow, rotational flow produced by a counter-rotation of the eye in order to maintain fixation.
    [Show full text]
  • Do You Really Need Your Oblique Muscles? Adaptations and Exaptations
    SPECIAL ARTICLE Do You Really Need Your Oblique Muscles? Adaptations and Exaptations Michael C. Brodsky, MD Background: Primitive adaptations in lateral-eyed ani- facilitate stereoscopic perception in the pitch plane. It also mals have programmed the oblique muscles to counter- recruits the oblique muscles to generate cycloversional rotate the eyes during pitch and roll. In humans, these saccades that preset torsional eye position immediately torsional movements are rudimentary. preceding volitional head tilt, permitting instantaneous nonstereoscopic tilt perception in the roll plane. Purpose: To determine whether the human oblique muscles are vestigial. Conclusions: The evolution of frontal binocular vision has exapted the human oblique muscles for stereo- Methods: Review of primitive oblique muscle adapta- scopic detection of slant in the pitch plane and nonste- tions and exaptations in human binocular vision. reoscopic detection of tilt in the roll plane. These exap- tations do not erase more primitive adaptations, which Results: Primitive adaptations in human oblique muscle can resurface when congenital strabismus and neuro- function produce rudimentary torsional eye move- logic disease produce evolutionary reversion from exap- ments that can be measured as cycloversion and cyclo- tation to adaptation. vergence under experimental conditions. The human tor- sional regulatory system suppresses these primitive adaptations and exaptively modulates cyclovergence to Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:820-828 HE HUMAN extraocular static counterroll led Jampel9 to con- muscles have evolved to clude that the primary role of the oblique meet the needs of a dy- muscles in humans is to prevent torsion. namic, 3-dimensional vi- So the question is whether the human ob- sual world.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Illusions and Effects on Clothing Design1
    International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS) June 2015 : 3(2) ISSN : 2148-1148 Doi : 10.14486/IJSCS272 Optical Illusions and Effects on Clothing Design1 Saliha AĞAÇ*, Menekşe SAKARYA** * Associate Prof., Gazi University, Ankara, TURKEY, Email: [email protected] ** Niğde University, Niğde, TURKEY, Email: [email protected] Abstract “Visual perception” is in the first ranking between the types of perception. Gestalt Theory of the major psychological theories are used in how visual perception realizes and making sense of what is effective in this process. In perception stage brain takes into account not only stimulus from eyes but also expectations arising from previous experience and interpreted the stimulus which are not exist in the real world as if they were there. Misperception interpretations that brain revealed are called as “Perception Illusion” or “Optical Illusion” in psychology. Optical illusion formats come into existence due to factors such as brightness, contrast, motion, geometry and perspective, interpretation of three-dimensional images, cognitive status and color. Optical illusions have impacts of different disciplines within the study area on people. Among the most important types of known optical illusion are Oppel-Kundt, Curvature-Hering, Helzholtz Sqaure, Hermann Grid, Muller-Lyler, Ebbinghaus and Ponzo illusion etc. In fact, all the optical illusions are known to be used in numerous area with various techniques and different product groups like architecture, fine arts, textiles and fashion design from of old. In recent years, optical illusion types are frequently used especially within the field of fashion design in the clothing model, in style, silhouette and fabrics. The aim of this study is to examine the clothing design applications where optical illusion is used and works done in this subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of Autostereograms Taking Into Account Object Colors and Its Applications for Steganography
    Construction of Autostereograms Taking into Account Object Colors and its Applications for Steganography Yusuke Tsuda Yonghao Yue Tomoyuki Nishita The University of Tokyo ftsuday,yonghao,[email protected] Abstract Information on appearances of three-dimensional ob- jects are transmitted via the Internet, and displaying objects q plays an important role in a lot of areas such as movies and video games. An autostereogram is one of the ways to represent three- dimensional objects taking advantage of binocular paral- (a) SS-relation (b) OS-relation lax, by which depths of objects are perceived. In previous Figure 1. Relations on an autostereogram. methods, the colors of objects were ignored when construct- E and E indicate left and right eyes, re- ing autostereogram images. In this paper, we propose a L R spectively. (a): A pair of points on the screen method to construct autostereogram images taking into ac- and a single point on the object correspond count color variation of objects, such as shading. with each other. (b): A pair of points on the We also propose a technique to embed color informa- object and a single point on the screen cor- tion in autostereogram images. Using our technique, au- respond with each other. tostereogram images shown on a display change, and view- ers can enjoy perceiving three-dimensional object and its colors in two stages. Color information is embedded in we propose an approach to take into account color variation a monochrome autostereogram image, and colors appear of objects, such as shading. Our approach assign slightly when the correct color table is used.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Stereoscopic 3D Technologies for Accurate Depth Tasks: A Theoretical and Empirical Study FRONER, BARBARA How to cite: FRONER, BARBARA (2011) Stereoscopic 3D Technologies for Accurate Depth Tasks: A Theoretical and Empirical Study, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3324/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Stereoscopic 3D Technologies for Accurate Depth Tasks: A Theoretical and Empirical Study by Barbara Froner A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Engineering and Computing Sciences Durham University United Kingdom Copyright °c 2011 by Barbara Froner Abstract Stereoscopic 3D Technologies for Accurate Depth Tasks: A Theoretical and Empirical Study Barbara Froner In the last decade an increasing number of application ¯elds, including medicine, geoscience and bio-chemistry, have expressed a need to visualise and interact with data that are inherently three-dimensional.
    [Show full text]
  • Convexity Bias and Perspective Cues in the Reverse-Perspective Illusion
    Short Report i-Perception Convexity Bias and January-February 2016: 1–7 ! The Author(s) 2016 DOI: 10.1177/2041669516631698 Perspective Cues in the ipe.sagepub.com Reverse-Perspective Illusion Joshua J. Dobias Department of Psychology and Counseling, Marywood University, Scranton, PA, USA Thomas V. Papathomas Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Vision Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA Vanja M. Vlajnic Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Abstract The present experiment was designed to examine the roles of painted linear perspective cues, and the convexity bias that are known to influence human observers’ perception of three-dimensional (3D) objects and scenes. Reverse-perspective stimuli were used to elicit a depth-inversion illusion, in which far points on the stimulus appear to be closer than near points and vice versa, with a 2 (Type of stimulus) Â 2 (Fixation mark position) design. To study perspective, two types of stimuli were used: a version with painted linear perspective cues and a version with blank (unpainted) surfaces. To examine the role of convexity, two locations were used for the fixation mark: either in a locally convex or a locally concave part of each stimulus (painted and unpainted versions). Results indicated that the reverse-perspective illusion was stronger when the stimulus contained strong perspective cues and when observers fixated a locally concave region within the scene. Keywords Three-dimensional shape, reverse perspective, convexity bias, linear perspective, fixation location, visual context Introduction When viewing reverse-perspective stimuli (Wade & Hughes, 1999), painted linear perspective cues can compete with bottom-up monocular (motion parallax, shading, lens accommodation) and binocular (disparity, vergence angle) depth cues, thus creating a Corresponding author: Joshua J.
    [Show full text]