DOCSLIB.ORG

Automatic Generation of a Realistic Looking Single Image Stereogram Using Stereo Vision

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Automatic Generation of a Realistic Looking Single Image Stereogram Using Stereo Vision 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) Cancún Center, Cancún, México, December 4-8, 2016 Automatic Generation of A Realistic Looking Single Image Stereogram using Stereo Vision Minh Nguyen School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences Auckland University of Technology Auckland, New Zealand Email: [email protected] Abstract—Stereogram or autostereogram, frequently known as Magic Eye picture, is a two-dimensional (2D) image. Hidden inside each stereogram image is a floating object which appears in three-dimensional. We present a fully featured, web-based, online system that produces on-the-fly stereograms (or autostereograms) from a pair of side-by-side images. The system consists of three steps: (i) two side-by-side near stereo images are processed to reconstruct a disparity map, (ii) multiple regions of left or right images are automatically selected for building stereogram, (iii) base distance is estimated for the best human perception, and (iv) reconstruction of stereogram. Stereogram is built with a variety of transparency options, thus, multiple regions of images can be presented in the final output and display of transparent 3D layers in stereogram is possible. Moreover, the system is portable and can be used in smartphones with an Internet connection. Image Fig. 1. A random-dot stereogram that encodes a 3D profile of a shark [8]. pairs can be acquired directly on the phone and stereogram is reconstructed and displayed on the phone screen. These novel features place the system ahead of current alternatives and allows A. Motivation a wide variety of users to experience stereo reconstruction and stereogram generation in a quick and easy manner. Additionally, Beside anaglyphs, stereograms are also frequently seen the system could serve as a platform for online based visual on the Internet related to the keywords “3D images or perception studies. “stereoscopic images. An example of stereograms can be seen in Figure 1, which looks similar to a wallpaper where I. INTRODUCTION random coloured patterns [9] are repeated. Its name originally Autostereograms or single-image stereograms were invented comes from “Stereogram, which is referred to an image by Sir David Brewster around 1840 as an improvement over pair which could be viewed by using a stereoscope. In fact, the kaleidoscope, the apparatus which allowed representing this picture encodes a 3D scene of a shark, which can be 3D shapes [1]. Modern days’ stereograms for computers were “seen with proper viewing technique (no filter glasses are first introduced by Tyler et al. in 1990 [2]. Tyler managed to required). The appearance of this stereogram is established demonstrate the ability to generate depth illusions by using by encoding three-dimensional shark image into distortions image patterns consisting of a single image random dot stere- of symmetrical patterns which are decoded by misleading the ogram. The proposed 2D image contains an unlimited range eye convergences. To achieve the 3D illusion, a viewer can in depth and can create 3D in-depth profiles both above and focus on a point in front of or behind the image surface. The behind the image plane. Stereograms quickly gained interest repeating patterns will thus be moved sideways, and the brain from the public in the 90’s through the patented application attempts to fuse them together by focusing on certain pairs “Magic Eye” [3] as the only accessible 3D images in the at different parallax angles. The image patterns, thus, appear early days of computing. Applications of stereograms range to float at different depths correspondingly. The performance from public-driven media support (3D books or videos [4]) to for in-depth perception was claimed to be similar or even watermarking [5], vision therapy [6], and cristallography [7] to more advantageous than attempting to view side-by-side stereo name a few. Many 3D design tools offer to generate stereogram pairs [7]. stills or videos from depth map and texture map of a scene There have been attempts to use stereograms of random- or to use a 3D object as a start up point. There is, however, dot images [10] for efficient watermarking [5] Thanks to its no available publication or software which allows a user to distinctive appearance and low cost to produce, stereograms create a stereogram still or video from a pair of stereo images are relatively popular for entertainment for many years. On acquired by a user. the current Internet, there exists a significant number of 978-1-5090-0357-0/15/$31.00 c 2015 IEEE similar online applications: [11], [12], [13], [14]. Most of them 978-1-5090-4846-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 3815 enable users to quickly and interactively build stereograms by choosing from a number of given depth-maps and patterns. Despite a great number of similar products, to the best of our knowledge, none of them utilise stereo vision technique to generate stereograms, i.e. by using the depth and pattern information recovered from a pair of left and right stereo images. Accordingly there is little if no communication on the use of auto-stereogram to embed both depth and texture information for a given stereo-pair. B. Benefits of the Proposed System We propose a scheme to generate stereogram quickly from a pair of real-life stereo images which are captured by user cameras or cell phones. Compared to the aforementioned similar solutions, this proposed application presents some Fig. 2. Our proposed stereogram creation system contains four image advantages below: processing steps. • Instead of choosing from a selection of given depth models, the system creates stereogram from a real-life II. BACKGROUNDS AND RELATED WORKS pair of photos acquired by any conventional single sensor camera. A. History and literature reviews • Repeated colour texture are selected from the source images, hence, the look of stereogram is related to the There are two ways to diverge the eye viewing directions: captured scene. wall-eyed and cross-eyed, which also correspond to two ways • Repeated patterns are automatically chosen from var- to generate a stereogram. Wall-eyed viewing method requires ious areas of the picture to obtain stereograms with the eyes to adopt a relatively parallel angle, we can naturally diverse looks (as seen in Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b)). A few achieve it by looking into the far distance. Cross-eyed viewing, stereograms can be overlaid on each other to make the on the other hand, requires a relatively convergent angle, such combined picture contain parts chosen regions (as seen as looking at an object very close to the eyes. Some may find in Fig. 5(c)). one easier than the other technique; indeed, more stereograms • Our application also lets user re-generate depth from any are constructed to be wall-eye-viewed. With the wrong viewing stereogram. Those who have difficulty seeing stereogram technique, the same 3D scene can still be seen but with the from the first place can reveal what is hidden. depth reversed. For many years, stereograms have been popularly used for C. Overall Process to Create Stereogram artistic expression and in children’s books (often called Magic Overall, the proposed process contains four steps as demon- Pictures or Magic Eyes). Additionally, Katrusiak et al. have strated in diagram 2: used stereograms as a portable methodology to display 3D crystal structures on 2D image [7]. The method facilitates 1) Stereo Matching is used to extract depth information a clear presentation of crystal elements, which may help to from side-by-side images with a known disparity range. solve three-dimensional geometrical and structural problems This process outputs a disparity map that characterises in demonstration and education. the observed 3D surface. Different forms of stereoscopy were discussed above to 2) Texture selection picks multiple regions in the reference show that stereoscopy is far more extensive than is commonly image (left or right) to be repeated within the stere- realised. There were some associations created to promote the ogram. study and collection of stereoscopic products, for instance, 3) Base-distance selection is applied to adjust the display the Stereoscopic Society1 founded in 1893, and the National of stereogram so that it can be easily viewed by different Stereoscopic Association2 founded in 1974. Also, there were people (degree of eye convergent) and on different many books and magazines dedicated solely to 3D stereo- platforms (printed papers, computer screens, cell-phone scopic imaging, e.g. the Stereo World magazine3, which is screens). widely published six times per year. Many may be found in an 4) Stereogram creation is about the reconstruction from the enormous collection belonging to Harold A. Layer [15], who above parameters. spent twenty years collecting stereoscopic books published The paper is continued with another four subsequent sec- from the year 1853 to 1986. tions. Sec. II revises the background of stereogram and other related works. Sec. III discusses on our system design and 1www.stereoscopicsociety.org.uk implementation. It also presents a number of results and 2www.stereoworld.org Sec. IV concludes the paper. 3www.stereoworld.org/stereoWorld.php 3816 ∗ ∗ B. Three dimension perception from Stereogram In this equation dP = pPL − pPR => dP ∼ dP ; therefore: d ∼ −d∗ . This means there is a direct relationship between Single image stereograms are two-dimensional images that P P stereo vision disparity d∗ and stereogram d . We can use the have the unique property that when viewed in a specific P P result of stereo matching to create stereogram, which will be way, a visual illusion of a three-dimensional (3D) scene is described further in Section III. perceived. Stereograms have been found to be a useful tool for studying stereoscopic vision in humans [16], as they provide a C. Other related works straightforward way to manipulate particular depth cues and to On the current Internet, there exists a significant number insert conflicts between these cues.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stereoscopic Vision, Stereoscope, Selection of Stereo Pair and Its Orientation
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): 3.358 Stereoscopic Vision, Stereoscope, Selection of Stereo Pair and Its Orientation Sunita Devi Research Associate, Haryana Space Application Centre (HARSAC), Department of Science & Technology, Government of Haryana, CCS HAU Campus, Hisar – 125 004, India , Abstract: Stereoscope is to deflect normally converging lines of sight, so that each eye views a different image. For deriving maximum benefit from photographs they are normally studied stereoscopically. Instruments in use today for three dimensional studies of aerial photographs. If instead of looking at the original scene, we observe photos of that scene taken from two different viewpoints, we can under suitable conditions, obtain a three dimensional impression from the two dimensional photos. This impression may be very similar to the impression given by the original scene, but in practice this is rarely so. A pair of photograph taken from two cameras station but covering some common area constitutes and stereoscopic pair which when viewed in a certain manner gives an impression as if a three dimensional model of the common area is being seen. Keywords: Remote Sensing (RS), Aerial Photograph, Pocket or Lens Stereoscope, Mirror Stereoscope. Stereopair, Stere. pair’s orientation 1. Introduction characteristics. Two eyes must see two images, which are only slightly different in angle of view, orientation, colour, A stereoscope is a device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of brightness, shape and size. (Figure: 1) Human eyes, fixed on separate images, depicting left-eye and right-eye views of same object provide two points of observation which are the same scene, as a single three-dimensional image.
    [Show full text]
  • Interacting with Autostereograms
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336204498 Interacting with Autostereograms Conference Paper · October 2019 DOI: 10.1145/3338286.3340141 CITATIONS READS 0 39 5 authors, including: William Delamare Pourang Irani Kochi University of Technology University of Manitoba 14 PUBLICATIONS 55 CITATIONS 184 PUBLICATIONS 2,641 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Xiangshi Ren Kochi University of Technology 182 PUBLICATIONS 1,280 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Color Perception in Augmented Reality HMDs View project Collaboration Meets Interactive Spaces: A Springer Book View project All content following this page was uploaded by William Delamare on 21 October 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Interacting with Autostereograms William Delamare∗ Junhyeok Kim Kochi University of Technology University of Waterloo Kochi, Japan Ontario, Canada University of Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada Winnipeg, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Daichi Harada Pourang Irani Xiangshi Ren Kochi University of Technology University of Manitoba Kochi University of Technology Kochi, Japan Winnipeg, Canada Kochi, Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Figure 1: Illustrative examples using autostereograms. a) Password input. b) Wearable e-mail notification. c) Private space in collaborative conditions. d) 3D video game. e) Bar gamified special menu. Black elements represent the hidden 3D scene content. ABSTRACT practice. This learning effect transfers across display devices Autostereograms are 2D images that can reveal 3D content (smartphone to desktop screen). when viewed with a specific eye convergence, without using CCS CONCEPTS extra-apparatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Stereoscopic Label Placement
    Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertations, No. 1293 Stereoscopic Label Placement Reducing Distraction and Ambiguity in Visually Cluttered Displays Stephen Daniel Peterson Department of Science and Technology Linköping University SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden Norrköping, 2009 Stereoscopic Label Placement: Reducing Distraction and Ambiguity in Visually Cluttered Displays Copyright © 2009 Stephen D. Peterson [email protected] Division of Visual Information Technology and Applications (VITA) Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden ISBN 978-91-7393-469-5 ISSN 0345-7524 This thesis is available online through Linköping University Electronic Press: www.ep.liu.se Printed by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden 2009 Abstract With increasing information density and complexity, computer displays may become visually cluttered, adversely affecting overall usability. Text labels can significantly add to visual clutter in graphical user interfaces, but are generally kept legible through specific label placement algorithms that seek visual separation of labels and other ob- jects in the 2D view plane. This work studies an alternative approach: can overlap- ping labels be visually segregated by distributing them in stereoscopic depth? The fact that we have two forward-looking eyes yields stereoscopic disparity: each eye has a slightly different perspective on objects in the visual field. Disparity is used for depth perception by the human visual system, and is therefore also provided by stereoscopic 3D displays to produce a sense of depth. This work has shown that a stereoscopic label placement algorithm yields user per- formance comparable with existing algorithms that separate labels in the view plane. At the same time, such stereoscopic label placement is subjectively rated significantly less disturbing than traditional methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Algorithms for Single Image Random Dot Stereograms
    Displaying 3D Images: Algorithms for Single Image Random Dot Stereograms Harold W. Thimbleby,† Stuart Inglis,‡ and Ian H. Witten§* Abstract This paper describes how to generate a single image which, when viewed in the appropriate way, appears to the brain as a 3D scene. The image is a stereogram composed of seemingly random dots. A new, simple and symmetric algorithm for generating such images from a solid model is given, along with the design parameters and their influence on the display. The algorithm improves on previously-described ones in several ways: it is symmetric and hence free from directional (right-to-left or left-to-right) bias, it corrects a slight distortion in the rendering of depth, it removes hidden parts of surfaces, and it also eliminates a type of artifact that we call an “echo”. Random dot stereograms have one remaining problem: difficulty of initial viewing. If a computer screen rather than paper is used for output, the problem can be ameliorated by shimmering, or time-multiplexing of pixel values. We also describe a simple computational technique for determining what is present in a stereogram so that, if viewing is difficult, one can ascertain what to look for. Keywords: Single image random dot stereograms, SIRDS, autostereograms, stereoscopic pictures, optical illusions † Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland. Phone (+44) 786–467679; fax 786–467641; email [email protected] ‡ Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Phone (+64 7) 856–2889; fax 838–4155; email [email protected]. § Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Secret Sharing Scheme with Autostereogram*
    Visual Secret Sharing Scheme with Autostereogram* Feng Yi, Daoshun Wang** and Yiqi Dai Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China Abstract. Visual secret sharing scheme (VSSS) is a secret sharing method which decodes the secret by using the contrast ability of the human visual system. Autostereogram is a single two dimensional (2D) image which becomes a virtual three dimensional (3D) image when viewed with proper eye convergence or divergence. Combing the two technologies via human vision, this paper presents a new visual secret sharing scheme called (k, n)-VSSS with autostereogram. In the scheme, each of the shares is an autostereogram. Stacking any k shares, the secret image is recovered visually without any equipment, but no secret information is obtained with less than k shares. Keywords: visual secret sharing scheme; visual cryptography; autostereogram 1． Introduction In 1979, Blakely and Shamir[1-2] independently invented a secret sharing scheme to construct robust key management scheme. A secret sharing scheme is a method of sharing a secret among a group of participants. In 1994, Naor and Shamir[3] firstly introduced visual secret sharing * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90304014) ** E-mail address: [email protected] (D.S.Wang) 1 scheme in Eurocrypt’94’’ and constructed (k, n)-threshold visual secret sharing scheme which conceals the original data in n images called shares. The original data can be recovered from the overlap of any at least k shares through the human vision without any knowledge of cryptography or cryptographic computations. With the development of the field, Droste[4] provided a new (k, n)-VSSS algorithm and introduced a model to construct the (n, n)-combinational threshold scheme.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Perspective Stereoscopy from Light Fields
    Multi-Perspective stereoscopy from light fields The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Changil Kim, Alexander Hornung, Simon Heinzle, Wojciech Matusik, and Markus Gross. 2011. Multi-perspective stereoscopy from light fields. ACM Trans. Graph. 30, 6, Article 190 (December 2011), 10 pages. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024224 Publisher Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73503 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Multi-Perspective Stereoscopy from Light Fields Changil Kim1,2 Alexander Hornung2 Simon Heinzle2 Wojciech Matusik2,3 Markus Gross1,2 1ETH Zurich 2Disney Research Zurich 3MIT CSAIL v u s c Disney Enterprises, Inc. Input Images 3D Light Field Multi-perspective Cuts Stereoscopic Output Figure 1: We propose a framework for flexible stereoscopic disparity manipulation and content post-production. Our method computes multi-perspective stereoscopic output images from a 3D light field that satisfy arbitrary prescribed disparity constraints. We achieve this by computing piecewise continuous cuts (shown in red) through the light field that enable per-pixel disparity control. In this particular example we employed gradient domain processing to emphasize the depth of the airplane while suppressing disparities in the rest of the scene. Abstract tions of autostereoscopic and multi-view autostereoscopic displays even glasses-free solutions become available to the consumer. This paper addresses stereoscopic view generation from a light field. We present a framework that allows for the generation However, the task of creating convincing yet perceptually pleasing of stereoscopic image pairs with per-pixel control over disparity, stereoscopic content remains difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • STAR 1200 & 1200XL User Guide
    STAR 1200 & 1200XL Augmented Reality Systems User Guide VUZIX CORPORATION VUZIX CORPORATION STAR 1200 & 1200XL – User Guide © 2012 Vuzix Corporation 2166 Brighton Henrietta Town Line Road Rochester, New York 14623 Phone: 585.359.5900 ! Fax: 585.359.4172 www.vuzix.com 2 1. STAR 1200 & 1200XL OVERVIEW ................................... 7! System Requirements & Compatibility .................................. 7! 2. INSTALLATION & SETUP .................................................. 14! Step 1: Accessory Installation .................................... 14! Step 2: Hardware Connections .................................. 15! Step 3: Adjustment ..................................................... 19! Step 4: Software Installation ...................................... 21! Step 5: Tracker Calibration ........................................ 24! 3. CONTROL BUTTON & ON SCREEN DISPLAY ..................... 27! VGA Controller .................................................................... 27! PowerPak+ Controller ......................................................... 29! OSD Display Options ........................................................... 30! 4. STAR HARDWARE ......................................................... 34! STAR Display ...................................................................... 34! Nose Bridge ......................................................................... 36! Focus Adjustment ................................................................ 37! Eye Separation ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Walk-Through 3D Display
    A Novel Walk-through 3D Display Stephen DiVerdia, Ismo Rakkolainena & b, Tobias Höllerera, Alex Olwala & c a University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA b FogScreen Inc., Tekniikantie 12, 02150 Espoo, Finland c Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT We present a novel walk-through 3D display based on the patented FogScreen, an “immaterial” indoor 2D projection screen, which enables high-quality projected images in free space. We extend the basic 2D FogScreen setup in three ma- jor ways. First, we use head tracking to provide correct perspective rendering for a single user. Second, we add support for multiple types of stereoscopic imagery. Third, we present the front and back views of the graphics content on the two sides of the FogScreen, so that the viewer can cross the screen to see the content from the back. The result is a wall- sized, immaterial display that creates an engaging 3D visual. Keywords: Fog screen, display technology, walk-through, two-sided, 3D, stereoscopic, volumetric, tracking 1. INTRODUCTION Stereoscopic images have captivated a wide scientific, media and public interest for well over 100 years. The principle of stereoscopic images was invented by Wheatstone in 1838 [1]. The general public has been excited about 3D imagery since the 19th century – 3D movies and View-Master images in the 1950's, holograms in the 1960's, and 3D computer graphics and virtual reality today. Science fiction movies and books have also featured many 3D displays, including the popular Star Wars and Star Trek series. In addition to entertainment opportunities, 3D displays also have numerous ap- plications in scientific visualization, medical imaging, and telepresence.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Intermittent Stereoscopy: Its Effects on Perception and Visual Fatigue
    ©2016 Society for Imaging Science and Technology DOI: 10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2016.5.SDA-041 INVESTIGATING INTERMITTENT STEREOSCOPY: ITS EFFECTS ON PERCEPTION AND VISUAL FATIGUE Ari A. Bouaniche, Laure Leroy; Laboratoire Paragraphe, Université Paris 8; Saint-Denis; France Abstract distance in virtual environments does not clearly indicate that the In a context in which virtual reality making use of S3D is use of binocular disparity yields a better performance, and a ubiquitous in certain industries, as well as the substantial amount cursory look at the literature concerning the viewing of of literature about the visual fatigue S3D causes, we wondered stereoscopic 3D (henceforth abbreviated S3D) content leaves little whether the presentation of intermittent S3D stimuli would lead to doubt as to some negative consequences on the visual system, at improved depth perception (over monoscopic) while reducing least for a certain part of the population. subjects’ visual asthenopia. In a between-subjects design, 60 While we do not question the utility of S3D and its use in individuals under 40 years old were tested in four different immersive environments in this paper, we aim to position conditions, with head-tracking enabled: two intermittent S3D ourselves from the point of view of user safety: if, for example, the conditions (Stereo @ beginning, Stereo @ end) and two control use of S3D is a given in a company setting, can an implementation conditions (Mono, Stereo). Several optometric variables were of intermittent horizontal disparities aid in depth perception (and measured pre- and post-experiment, and a subjective questionnaire therefore in task completion) while impacting the visual system assessing discomfort was administered.
    [Show full text]
  • THE INFLUENCES of STEREOSCOPY on VISUAL ARTS Its History, Technique and Presence in the Artistic World
    University of Art and Design Cluj-Napoca PhD THESIS SUMMARY THE INFLUENCES OF STEREOSCOPY ON VISUAL ARTS Its history, technique and presence in the artistic world PhD Student: Scientific coordinator: Nyiri Dalma Dorottya Prof. Univ. Dr. Ioan Sbârciu Cluj-Napoca 2019 1 CONTENTS General introduction ........................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1: HISTORY OF STEREOSCOPY ..............................................................................4 1.1 The theories of Euclid and the experiments of Baptista Porta .........................................5 1.2 Leonardo da Vinci and Francois Aguillon (Aguilonius) .................................................8 1.3 The Inventions of Sir Charles Wheatstone and Elliot ...................................................18 1.4 Sir David Brewster's contributions to the perfection of the stereoscope .......................21 1.5 Oliver Wendell Holmes, the poet of stereoscopy ..........................................................23 1.6 Apex of stereoscopy .......................................................................................................26 1.7 Underwood & Keystone .................................................................................................29 1.8 Favorite topics in stereoscopy ........................................................................................32 1.8.1 Genre Scenes33 .........................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 First Call for Papers4 2013+First+Call+For+Papers+V4.Qxd
    FIRST CALL FOR PAPERS Display Week 2018 Society for Information Display INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, SEMINAR & EXHIBITION May 20 – 25, 2018 LOS ANGELES CONVENTION CENTER LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA www.displayweek.org • Photoluminescence and Applications – Using quantum Special Topics for 2018 nanomaterials for color-conversion applications in display components and in pixel-integrated configurations. Optimizing performance and stability for integration on- The Display Week 2018 Technical Symposium will chip (inside LED package) and in remote phosphor be placing special emphasis on four Special Topics configurations for backlight units. of Interest to address the rapid growth of the field of • Micro Inorganic LEDs and Applications – Emerging information display in the following areas: Augmented technologies based on scaling down inorganic LEDs for Reality, Virtual Reality, and Artificial Intelligence; use as arrayed emitters in display applications, with Quantum Dots and Micro-LEDs; and Wearable opportunities from large video displays down to high Displays, Sensors, and Devices. Submissions relating resolution microdisplays. Science and technology of to these special topics are highly encouraged. micro LED devices, materials, and processes for the fabrication and integration with electronic drive back- 1. AUGMENTED REALITY, VIRTUAL REALITY, AND planes. Color generation, performance, and stability. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AR, VR, AND AI) Packaging and module assembly solutions for emerging This special topic will cover the technologies and
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of Autostereograms Taking Into Account Object Colors and Its Applications for Steganography
    Construction of Autostereograms Taking into Account Object Colors and its Applications for Steganography Yusuke Tsuda Yonghao Yue Tomoyuki Nishita The University of Tokyo ftsuday,yonghao,[email protected] Abstract Information on appearances of three-dimensional ob- jects are transmitted via the Internet, and displaying objects q plays an important role in a lot of areas such as movies and video games. An autostereogram is one of the ways to represent three- dimensional objects taking advantage of binocular paral- (a) SS-relation (b) OS-relation lax, by which depths of objects are perceived. In previous Figure 1. Relations on an autostereogram. methods, the colors of objects were ignored when construct- E and E indicate left and right eyes, re- ing autostereogram images. In this paper, we propose a L R spectively. (a): A pair of points on the screen method to construct autostereogram images taking into ac- and a single point on the object correspond count color variation of objects, such as shading. with each other. (b): A pair of points on the We also propose a technique to embed color informa- object and a single point on the screen cor- tion in autostereogram images. Using our technique, au- respond with each other. tostereogram images shown on a display change, and view- ers can enjoy perceiving three-dimensional object and its colors in two stages. Color information is embedded in we propose an approach to take into account color variation a monochrome autostereogram image, and colors appear of objects, such as shading. Our approach assign slightly when the correct color table is used.
    [Show full text]