Volume 23 January 2013

th The 20 AU Summit The return of a non-confrontational

IN THIS ISSUE and consensus-seeking politics

THEMBANI MBADLANYANA A gift of sight 3 rom 21st until the 28th of January 2013, the (AU) held its 20th Gender 3 Summit in Funder the theme, ‘Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance’. As pointed out in Monday, 28 Inequality in SA 4 January’s Turkish Weekly, the theme of the summit was inter- preted by many as a call for Ten years of NEPAD 4 greater integration among mem- ber states and a celebration of the continent’s rapid economic growth. Zim elections 5 In opening the ceremony, the new AU Commission’s Chair Woman, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini- Zuma underscored the continent’s AISA donates books 5 ability to maintain peace as a pre- requisite for desirable continental futures. She pointed out that, AISA in top five 6 ‘optimistic as we are, we are mindful of the enormous chal- lenges that remain. We cannot overemphasise the Floods 6 need for peace and security. With- CONSENSUS… The AU Commission Chairperson, Dr Nkosazana-Dlamini Zuma cheers on as Dr Boni Yayi hands out peace and security, no country over the symbols of the flag to new AU Chairperson Mr Hailemariam Desalegn. or region can expect to achieve PICTURE: ASNATH SEBATI prosperity for all its citizens’. 2012 elections 7 In what was seen as a ‘historic -free election’ of 's Prime Studies, said, "She has hit the followed and diversions were departure’ from previous tense Minister H.E Hailemariam De- ground running". Cilliers also avoided. and less-productive AU summits , salegn as the continental body's praised her for introducing a As expected, peace and security Africa in colour film 8 the 2013 Summit, Dr. Dlamini- symbolic head. Dr Dlamini- Zuma "business-like" approach to the issues featured prominently in the Zuma’s first summit at the helm of was also credited by many for operations of the continental Summit deliberations. In officially the non-majoritarian continental bringing substance and form to body. Cilliers’ observation was opening the summit Dr Dlamini- institution, marked what accord- the operations of the AU. In com- confirmed by the Daily Maverick, Zuma said the summit would AFCON 2013 9 ing to Simon Allison was a return menting on the performance of which reported that Dr. Dlamini- mainly focus on conflict resolution to non-confrontational and con- the new chair woman before and Zuma’s influence was felt in the particularly focusing on situations sensus seeking politics of the AU. during the summit, Jakkie Cilliers, way that speeches were kept This was evidenced by the ‘trouble head of the Institute for Security short, the schedule was roughly Continued on Page 2

Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) January 2013 Volume 23 From Page 1 Editorial

th he year 2013 started on The 20 AU Summit... a high note amid the conflicts in various parts of Africa. The in Mali, , DRC, Central the summit was the donors con- tance’. by African Leaders in their re- Tmonth of January was marked African Republic, Darfur, Como- ference and the decision by the Notwithstanding Dr. Dlamini- spective countries and at the with a number of events that ros, Sudan/South Sudan, Mada- African heads of state to con- Zuma’s excellent performance continental level continue to included the inauguration of the th gascar, Western Sahara and the sider a proposal by the AU Peace and the summit’s commendable resemble a complete disjuncture Ghanaian president, the 20 AU Sahel region. However, the Mali and Security Council to approve success, few opportunities were between substance and form; Summit as well as the Africa Cup crisis found its place at the top an increase in the number of missed by the summit. The Sum- between words and actions? of Nations (AFCON) in South of the summit agenda and con- troops and assistance from the mit missed an opportunity to When it comes to national and Africa. flicts in DRC and Sudan/South United Nations (UN). The UN bring to conclusion the DRC continental imperatives, will our In this issue we covered exten- Sudan were left for sideline sum- Security Council (UNSC) Resolu- peace deal. According to media African leaders continue to ig- sively, the recent AU Summit mit discussions between diplo- tion 2085, adopted unanimously reports, a signing ceremony was nore issues that matter and in- which is said to have raised mats and heads of state. Accord- on 20 December 2012, author- called off just 30 minutes before tentionally or unintentionally many pertinent issues in an attempt to find solutions for ing to several media reports, the ized the deployment of the Afri- it was due to take place. UN throw dust in our eyes? For how challenges facing Africa. These AU ignored calls for the inclusion can-led Interna- Secretary General long are Africans going to help- included the funds to curb the of Zimbabwe on the summit tional Support Mis- “through the Do- told reporters in lessly watch while their leaders war situation in Mali. We see agenda. sion to Mali nors Conference, Addis Ababa that at home and in the AU continue the newly elected Chairperson In what was viewed as a return (AFISMA). Accord- ‘there had been a to indulge in technicist sophistry, of the AU Commission, Dr Nko- of pragmatic African multilater- ing to UN’s Secre- the AU managed delay because of tiptoeing nimbly around the real sazana Dlamini-Zuma attending alism, African leaders had tary General, Mr. "procedural is- issues affecting Africans? the AU Summit for the first time lengthy discussions on the best Ban Ki Moon, the to raise over 453 sues." According While we are yet to find an- in her position as the Chair. possible ways of moving away resolution ‘aimed to Cilliers some swers to some of the questions Hopefully her wisdom will reign from rhetoric to something pro- at the full restora- million USD southern African raised above, we have to realise in this male dominated conti- found- the realisation of the tion of Mali’s con- countries, particu- that the enormity of the prob- nental body. ‘African solutions to African stitutional order aimed at bridging larly South Africa, lems facing the AU demands that The AU Summit seems to have problems’ mantra. They pon- and territorial in- the funding gap had objected to African leaders look beyond revealed that African head of dered deeply on the strategies of tegrity’. The UNSC the signing of the their national interests in order states are slowly enjoying con- ensuring that, in the near future, Resolution 2085 to expedite the UN-mediated deal to bring back sanity to the conti- sensus-seeking politics as op- the continent does not have to also made provi- on procedural nental public discourse. Prob- posed to being confrontational. rely on outside forces to counter sions for the Secre- deployment of grounds. African lems in places like Mali, Somalia Health matters are also among rebellions. The AU’s outgoing tary General to leaders in the and DRC need African leaders to the stories dealt with in this chairperson, Benin’s President establish a Trust AFISMA.” Summit also reflect on their ‘geography of issue. We covered a touching Boni Yayi, extended the AU’s Fund through missed an oppor- reasoning’, to shift their para- story of a young Zambian girl gratitude to France for its timely which member tunity to reflect digms and to realign their cur- who almost gone blind due to and decisive military interven- states can provide earmarked critically on the evolving African rents of thought with the reali- lack of proper healthcare. Fortu- tion in Mali, which became nec- and/or non earmarked financial Peace and Security Architecture ties of a changing Africa in a nately, ORBIS International essary due to the “extremely support to AFISMA. (APSA). One component of APSA globalising world. They point to came to her rescue after staying protracted time” it had taken To that end, at the end of the is the operationalisation of the an obvious need of rethinking in the dark for three years. Africa to respond. summit, the new AU Chair, the African Standby Force (ASF) for and reconfiguring the continen- Our Opinion and Analysis Our South African President Ethiopian Prime Minister chaired rapid troop deployment in con- tal political discourse. They high- section deals extensively with H.E Jacob Zuma was equally busy the Donors Conference on 29 flict situations. The 2010 dead- light the need for mature and the issue of inequality in South line for ASF has passed but it has Africa. We also did a retrospec- at the summit. He chaired a January 2013. According to the candid discussions and strategic tion of the New Partnership for meeting on the sidelines of the AU’s Communiqué, through the not been operational. The situa- conversations about the future Africa’s Development (NEPAD). summit between Sudan’s Presi- Donors Conference, the AU man- tion in Mali exposed the short- of the continent. And it is in Here we looked at the successes dent Omar al-Bashir and South aged to raise over 453 million coming of APSA and there was a those strategic conversations of and failures of this continental Sudanese President Salva Kiir to USD aimed at bridging the fund- need to reflect on the progress our African leaders that we can body since its inception in 2002. try to resolve their intermittent ing gap to expedite the deploy- and the way forward. find answers to a simple, but yet, The most talked about Zim- conflict. President Zuma also ment of AFISMA. The funds There seems to be an increas- complicated question, whither babwean elections and all ob- participated in a sideline infor- raised will also ‘contribute to ing acknowledgement amongst goest thou AU and Africa? stacles surrounding it were dis- mal meeting attended by other enhance the capacities and train- African leaders that, notwith- cussed in detail, while we also of Southern African Develop- ing of the Malian Defence and standing progress and encourag- Thembani Mbadlanyana is a looked at at the 2012 elections ment Community (SADC) Troika Security Forces (MDSF’). During ing sustained economic growth, Research Specialist at the Sus- across the continent. members, President Jakaya Kik- the conference, Dr Dlamini- challenges abound as evidenced tainable Development pro- In the Sport section we ana- wete of Tanzania, Hifikepunye Zuma, Chairperson of the AU by the situation. As a result, as gramme of the Africa Institute of lysed different teams’ perform- Pohamba of Namibia to address Commission ‘called on all Mem- one followed the recent AU sum- South Africa. ance in the AFCON 2013. Until the volatile situation in the Great ber States, the International mit to an end, one was left with Part of this article was originally next time, enjoy your reading! Lakes region ( Eastern Democ- Community and partners to con- no other option but to ask ques- published by the Sunday Inde- ratic Republic of Congo in par- tribute to the established Trust tions as to; quo vadis AU and pendent on 3 January 2013 with Send your letters to : ticular) and the pressing situa- Fund in a “spirit of shared re- Africa? (Whither goest thou AU the headline: quo vadis AU and [email protected] tion in Madagascar. sponsibility”, to generously re- and Africa?). Will policy pro- Africa? African leaders keep One of the best highlights of spond to Mali’s call for assis- nouncements for change made throwing dust on our eyes.

2 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 23 January 2013 Out of darkness – a gift of sight to the indigent African children

According to the World Health Organi- sation, 245 mil- lion people worldwide are visually im- paired— yet 80 percent suffer needlessly

GOOD SAMARITAN... ORBIS volunteer ophthalmologist Larry Benjamin examines Catherine Kantumoua after surgery. ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI PICTURE: ORBIS AND ORBIS PRESS TEAM

WELVE year old Cath- Eventually she could no longer “With this clinic we will, for the and provided treatment to more in Durban and 212 received sight erine Kantumoua from distinguish between light and first time in Zambia, be offering than 18.8 million blind and visu- saving surgeries. a village near Solwezi in dark. Although the cataracts a comprehensive child eye care ally impaired people. Furthermore, ORBIS partnered Zambia’s North West were treatable, without access service,” he said. In South Africa, ORBIS is work- with the University of Cape TProvince had congenital cata- to specialised medical attention For Kantumoua, the new cen- ing in partnership with the De- Town and the Red Cross Chil- racts in both eyes and had slowly she faced a lifetime of darkness. tre has brought light back into partment of Health to deliver dren’s War Memorial Hospital to been going blind for several Fortunately for her, the re- her life. She underwent surgery specialist children’s eye services. develop a specialist paediatric years. cently opened ORBIS Paediatric on both eyes and by the next It is also partnering with the sub-speciality programme for According to ORBIS Interna- Eye Care Centre has enabled day could already see the first Department of Rural Develop- African ophthalmologists. tional, a non-profit humanitarian Kitwe’s existing Eye Department two lines of an eye chart. ment and Land Reform on their The accepted benchmark for organisation that works in devel- to improve children’s eye health Young children can become ‘War on Poverty’ Initiative, aim- child eye health was set by the oping countries, there are an in the region. blind due to a range of factors ing to establish social and health World Health Organisation estimated 1.4 million children According to Donald Mtine, including cataracts, prematurity, services for the poorest of the (WHO) which recommended around the world who are blind Kitwe’s District Commissioner, repeated infections and more. poor. that by 2020, one paediatric – and one in five of them live in approximately one percent of Since 1982, ORBIS has carried In 2012, more than 650 chil- ophthalmic centre, a Child Eye sub-Saharan Africa. Zambians are blind and the Gov- out programmes in 90 countries, dren with complicated sight Health Tertiary Facility (CEHTF), Kantumoua had been unable ernment is committed to the enhanced the skills of more than problems were referred to the per 10 million people, should be to attend school for three years. fight for sight. 300,000 eye care professionals ORBIS Paediatric Eye Care Centre in place. Young women took their rightful position in African agenda ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

MOTHER NATURE... According to one of the dele- unleash the potential of young women from more gates, Asnath Ngwakwana Sebati women in Africa as leaders, than 20 countries in (22), from South Africa, the champions and advocates for Africa convened at Young Women’s Forum to her human rights, development as the Young Women’s was an indication that Africa has well as in issues related to Forum on 21 January changed for the better. health, education and economic 2013 on the margins Sebati felt that holding the empowerment. of the 20th African forum side-by-side with the Afri- Sebati said the young women Union (AU) Summit . can heads of states meeting was committed to building a new a symbol of victory for all narrative for Africa with their PICTURE: ASNATH women and civil society organi- skills, expertise and lived experi- SEBATI sations on the continent. ences. She said the forum had how- “We again committed to, ever, recognised with sadness, among other things; remain re- anger and frustration that young spectful with our families, build- women remained disempow- ing our communities and nurtur- ered, marginalised and excluded. ing and weaving the social and e, th e yo u n g committed to defining the future Summit. She said the forum was con- the economic fabric of our soci- w o m e n f r o m we want. The forum was organised by cerned that young women con- ety,” relayed Sebati. more than 20 This was the preamble of the the World Young Women Chris- tinued to have limited access to Sebati who is currently a head countries in Af- document that came out of the tian Association (WYWCA) in information, training, education coach for Tshwane University of Wrica convened at the Young Young Women's Forum and High partnership with Urgent Action and technology. Technology (TUT) ladies tennis Women’s Forum on 21 January Level Inter-Generational Dia- Fund-Africa, UN Women, Action “We have limited access to (all campuses), is also a commu- 2013 on the margins of the 20th logue on the role of young Aid International, Girls Not quality, affordable and youth nity volunteer who facilitates African Union (AU) Summit un- women in the African Renais- Brides and other civil society friendly education, health and disabled sports in two disabled der the theme: “Pan-Africanism sance held in Addis Ababa, Ethio- partners from across the African legal services,” she added. centres in Mamelodi and At- and the African Renaissance”, pia during the African Union 20th continent. The focus of the forum was to teridgeville Tshwane. 3 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) January 2013 Volume 23 OPINIONS Inequality and quality of growth – South Africa PROF. PHINDILE LUKHELE-OLORUNJU

frica’s developmental areas/sectors where jobs can be including Indonesia, Mexico and requires stability and security. appreciate that public policies agenda includes the created and agriculture is one of some fast-growing African Develop economic relations that are not charity but the right of increase of financial the sectors. neighbours. favour employment and growth the people and therefore must aid to build infrastruc- Increasing economic develop- Indonesia is growing rapidly, of all countries. be implemented and harmonise Ature and industrial capacity, in- ment in the agriculture sector Mexico is the 12th largest econ- South Africa’s trade and for- donor policies with those of the crease imports of value added will also have the effect of in- omy in the world in terms of eign direct investment from country. manufactured products from its creasing food security, since a manufactured goods and natural China and India is crucially im- Poor infrastructure affects abundant natural resources; large proportion of some basic resources while Nigeria is gradu- portant as the Eurozone crisis access to arable land, water and maximise the growing consumer agricultural products are cur- ally positioning itself to the top has resulted in reduced demand market; has effect on public power of the emerging middle rently being imported – which with its oil, population, geogra- for African goods and services. transportation, Social assistance class and high growth rate. means agriculture jobs are out- phy and realization of its short- The South African government and Social inclusion. One of South Africa’s foreign side of the country. comings of poor management of reported that the EU demand The National Development policy pillars is the African Approximately 50% of the resources, corruption and the declined from 36% in 2005 to Plan (NDP) presents a strategic agenda and South Africa’s devel- economy is service orientated current rebellion from northern 26.5% in 2011 while the BRICS framework for the nation, fo- opmental challenges are not and it is currently the manufac- religious groups. countries‘ share in South Africa’s cused on reducing inequality and different from those of the Afri- turing sector The Democratic trade increased from 10% in eliminating poverty through can continent. South Africa be- that has been Eradication of ex- Republic of 2005 to 18.6% in 2011. creation of jobs and human capi- lieves that proper transforma- responsible for Congo is pro- It should be noted, however, tal development. tion and reform will only take more sustain- treme poverty in gressing in min- that South Africa’s relations with It pushes for active citizenry, place when the continent trans- able job crea- South Africa can hap- eral trade and traditional partners are still im- infrastructure, public services, forms. That is why South Africa tion. In order the small but portant and the crisis in the Eu- empower citizens to demand has extended BRICS cooperation for this not to pen when government important mid- rozone has important lessons for and exercise their rights. to support the African agenda. continue, South is accountable, con- dle class infra- South Africa and its developing- The government needs to em- South Africa’s economic Africa needs to sults with those living structure devel- country partners. power and enable people to growth still needs to translate to focus on human opment and South Africa as a member of exercise leadership across soci- job creation and job absorption. capital develop- in poverty and appre- telecommunica- BRICS is interested in the reform ety. Policies developed at the Unemployment in South Africa is men t amo n g ciate that public poli- tion industry of multilateral institutions for state/national level should be 24.9 percent which amounts to children and cannot be over- global governance to give devel- implemented at the provincial about five million people and youth. cies are not charity looked. It is de- oping countries a voice in these and local government level. This, this is likely to increase due to Women and but the right of the veloping its institutions. therefore, means that the NDP the continued industrial strikes. youth need to transportation South Africa desires a strong must move towards implemen- World Bank reports show that have opportuni- people that must be infrastructure to coordination in defending and tation. it is 10% of South Africans that ties regardless implemented. make agriculture championing balanced and sus- The South African President contribute 58% of the country’s of family cir- more competi- tainable development outcomes has determined that spending of economy and that the bottom cumstances, tive within and in organizations such as the World as much as R4-trillion is required 50% earns less than 8% of the race, gender and location. Basic outside the country. Trade Organisation (WTO). for infrastructure development total nation’s income and con- services are still a challenge. Regional integration remains It recognises the need to projects over the next 15 years. tribute 0.5%. Health care, education, water important for South Africa. To deepen understanding of each This would require partner- It also reports that South Af- and sanitation, electricity and fulfil its aspiration as the gate- country’s foreign policies; ac- ships between the state; the rica is one of the most unequal early childhood development way to the rest of the continent knowledge interdependence of private sector and labour. It is countries in the world with a programmes need serious atten- cooperation with other countries countries, seek new ways to expected that the state will com- Gini Coefficient of 0.7 in 2008. tion by government, private should be premised on equal deepen economic cooperation mit R844-billion on infrastruc- Social grants make up approxi- sector and South Africa philan- partnerships. and frank exchange of ideas. ture developments over the next mately 70% of the income of the thropists. Regional organisations have three years. The plan was aimed poorest twenty percent of South South Africa’s prospects for problems of capacity (finance, Need for a responsible govern- a cluster of 645 strategic infra- Africans. growth will depend increasingly management and administra- ment structure projects. South Africa is struggling to on diversification and strength- tion). Proper resourcing of reso- Eradication of extreme poverty grow the economy to reduce the ening its economic links with lutions will help to ensure imple- in South Africa can happen when Prof. Lukhele-Olorunju is the income gap. The National Plan- dynamic economies of the south mentation of resolutions. Crea- government is accountable, con- interim CEO at the Africa Insti- ning Commission has identified beyond its BRICS colleagues, tion of enabling environment sults with those living in poverty, tute of South Africa.

A course betrayed and hopes lost - NEPAD in ten years FRANK LEKABA

he New Partnership for tal policy making machinery. the philosophy of African Renais- Sustainable Development pro- nent’s promising developmental Africa's Development In 2012, the organisation sance- African leaders betrayed gramme of the Africa Institute of trajectory as shown by the sus- (NEPAD) was estab- marked ten years of existence. In the cause by not taking stock of South Africa, are very critical tained economic growth re- lished as an overarching this regard, since a 10 year time the achievements and setbacks about the progress made thus corded recently. Tprogramme of the African Union zone is enough to assess per- of the AU in its 10th anniversary. far. They argue that African According to former President (AU). formance of any organisation, it They also did so by mainly states have not adequately sup- Mbeki, the failures of continen- With its adoption in Lusaka, becomes a necessity, in the in- focusing on the leadership con- ported the farmers and the agri- tal institutions like NEPAD and Zambia in 2001, NEPAD came to terest of the continent, to criti- test for the position of the Chair- cultural sector on the continent. the AU are communicating the be a radically new intervention, cally reflect and take stock of the person of the AU Commission. The private sector is also not hard and painful message that, spearheaded by African leaders successes and pitfalls of NEPAD. According to him, that hap- playing its part. As a result, pov- whereas Africa’s political leaders to pursue new priorities and Key questions arise as to, pened despite the fact that the erty reduction is slow and food inspired African masses with approaches for advancement of whether NEPAD has managed to position does not carry much insecurity would remain highly new and renewed hope in launch- the political and socio-economic effectively and blamelessly carry weight to advance the course of probable. ing the AU and NEPAD, in reality, transformation of the continent. its mandate? Whether it has African development. However, in the midst of pessi- they are betraying the hope they Central to NEPAD's existence, added an impetus in the conti- What puzzled Mbeki is the fact mism, there are some analysts have instilled in Africans. was the need to enhance Africa's nental efforts to reach Millen- that the 19th AU Assembly said who are very optimist about the It remains to be seen whether growth, development and par- nium Developmental Goals absolutely nothing about helping future of this continent-wide the ever Afro-optimistic Mbeki’s ticipation in the global political (MDGs)? And whether it has to determine what Africa’s view institution. observation will change in the economy. The organisation was contributed to the enrichment of is concerning where the conti- They are of the view that near future- especially as NEPAD also seen as critical in redeeming democracy and facilitation of nent should be in a decade’s NEPAD’s performance over the is marching towards a second the continent from perennial good governance in the conti- time. years has been commendable, decade of existence. conflicts and abject poverty. nent? Assessing NEPAD on the Com- especially around accelerating As its central theme, the or- According to former South prehensive Africa Agriculture regional integration on the conti- Lekaba is a research intern in the ganisation sought to diffuse the African president, honorable Development Program (CAADP), nent. Governance and Security pro- African Renaissance philosophy , a leader that in- some analysts like Dr. Olivia They argue that it played a gramme of the Africa Institute of and/or agenda to the continen- spired and gave an impetus to Lwabukuna, Research Specialist, meaningful role to the conti- South Africa 4 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 23 January 2013 Zimbabwe stands at the Crossroads - AISA donates books to Univen 2013 Elections, a Double-Whammy Situation

BLESSED HANDS THAT GIVETH… AISA’s interim CEO, Prof. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju (right) donated books to the University of Venda. Univen was represented by Prof. Mokgale Makgopa, the Dean of Human and Social Sciences. PICTURE: OTSILE MALEBACO

OTSILE MALEBACO

n Friday, 1 February, gopa, the Dean of Human and the Africa Institute of Social Sciences at Univen. South Africa (AISA) Prof. Makgopa expressed his donated books to gratitude to AISA’s management Othe University of Venda (Univen). and staff for acknowledging The books which are produced Univen, adding that the books MAKING A LIVING… Diepsloot residents shopping used clothes at the informal market along William Nicol by the institute itself were do- will assist in fulfilling the univer- Drive. Most of the informal traders in this spot are people from Zimbabwe. nated during the meeting be- sity’s vision and mission of be- PICTURE: ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI tween AISA Research manage- coming the hub of African stud- ment and the Univen Dean of ies in Africa. ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI, FRANK Human and Social Science. “This is going to help us a lot as LEKABA AND THABANI MDLONGWA Univen is one of the first uni- an institution of higher learning; versities to receive a book dona- the books will help our students tion from AISA. to develop in terms of their re- riving along William which can only be achieved key part of the GPA process but AISA’s interim CEO, Prof. search skills,” he said. Nicol Drive (R511) through elections,” he said. it has not been taken seriously. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju indi- Univen is one of the institu- from Fourways to- Tapfuma who last voted in Chiroro further pointed out cated that donating books to the tions that will be taking part in wards Hartbeesport 2008 is very skeptical of the elec- that both the electoral systems institutions of higher learning the AISA Young Graduate and Djust after the Diepsloot Shopping toral system in his country. He and institutions remained not form part of the AISA’s vision, to Scholars Conference in February Mall, one gets reminded of the does not trust that the elections credible to the electorate of be an Indispensable African this year. song by the South African kwaito would ever be free and fair. Zimbabwe, and the country did Voice on African Affairs. AISA publishes books, mono- band, Bongo Maffin - Kura Uone Zimbabwe is most likely to not have the necessary funds to “There is a need for informa- graphs, policy briefs, occasional (Grow Up And You Will See). hold what will surely be water- run elections. tion, especially for university papers, as well as an Interna- This is where men and women, shed elections sometime this She based her argument on students on African issues which tional Bibliography of Social Sci- of whom the majority come year, after both political parties the recent media reports that AISA publications can provide” ences (IBSS) and the Department from Zimbabwe, are doing infor- Zanu-PF and the Movement for the Zimbabwean government said Prof. Lukhele-Olorunju. of Higher Education and Training mal trading. They sell anything; Democratic Change (MDC) fac- was bankrupt and would barely The donation was officially listed and accredited journal, from fruits and vegetables to tions agreed to a draft constitu- be able to pay 10% of the elec- handed to Prof. Mokgale Mak- Africa Insight. clothes and accessories. This is tion to be tabled for a referen- tion bill, while the Zimbabwe how they make a living. dum. Electoral Commission (ZEC) re- According to one Zimbabwean Despite the agreement by the quired about US$8 million for ADD US ON: national, Kudakwashe Tapfuma* rival political parties in Zim- voter education including the (37), life is double-faceted for babwe on the draft constitution, inspection and new register, as the Zimbabweans in South Af- many challenges still remain well as the national identifica- rica. He said, if one has legal which include that the constitu- tion cards and registration. documents and educational tion will still need to go to refer- Dr. Maphosa pointed out that qualifications, they can afford to endum and be approved, and two possible scenarios are most live a better life in South Africa. that key elements of the Global likely to occur in the event that Facebook.com/africainstitutesa He also warned that if you have Political Agreement (GPA) have elections are held in Zimbabwe no legal documents or educa- reportedly continued to be re- this year. He said that the elec- tional qualifications, life is a neged by both MDC factions tions might produce a landslide nightmare. and Zanu-PF. victory for Zanu-PF based on a The South African Department According to Dr. Sylvester Ma- despondent electorate and a of Home Affairs announced that phosa, Chief Research Specialist weak and fragmented opposition. over 275 000 Zimbabwean resi- within the Governance and Secu- “Should the opposition win Twitter: @aisa_research dents applied for legal docu- rity programme at the Africa which is very unlikely, it will re- ments that would allow them to Institute of South Africa (AISA), sult in further chaos and proba- live, work or study in South Af- the GPA which was agreed upon bly military rebellion as the mili- rica legally. According to the in September 2008 by both MDC tary have openly pointed out department’s spokesperson, factions together with Zanu-PF that they will not accept an op- Ronnie Mamoepa, the depart- has brought about relative sta- position victory in Zimbabwe,” ment is still processing the appli- bility to Zimbabwe. However, Dr he added. cations. Maphosa argued that the agree- It remains to be seen whether Youtube.com/aisavideos Tapfuma, married with one ment was violated numerously Zimbabwe will hold its Presiden- child, boy (8), is an unemployed by all parties to suit their own tial Elections this year, but what qualified librarian and a back- political agendas. is clear is that, whatever the yard dweller in Diepsloot Ext. 3. Dr Maphosa’s sentiment is also outcome of the elections, Zim- He said if given a chance to shared by Bertha Chiroro, a Re- babwe as a country and its peo- change things back home, it search Specialist in the Sustain- ple have reached a watershed would be the government. able Development programme moment in their history that will linkedin.comcompany/africa-institute-of-south-africa “I think our country needs at AISA. She believes that the define the future for many years young blood and fresh thinking national security reforms are a to come. 5 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) January 2013 Volume 23 Geospatial technology can help us plan for future disasters – seminar revealed

Stories of miracles and horror in flooded Limpopo… screamed one newspaper headline. Floods in Mozambique cut power to SA… continued the other headline. This was after the sporadic torrential rains that left more than 12 people dead and thousands without homes in the north-eastern parts of Limpopo. Limpopo Disaster Man- agement reported that over 40 bridges were damaged while 14 roads were eroded among other damages.

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

ollowing the Limpopo ability to climate extremes disaster, the Africa insti- through mapping and assess- tute of South Africa ment. (AISA) has once again Amongst other things, Mu- Fproved its relevance in commu- tanga cited poor forecasting, nity issues when it hosted a socio-economic conditions and seminar on Geospatial technolo- ignorance to warnings by the gies. communities as factors contrib- The seminar which was held in uting to great loss of lives during Pretoria on Thursday, revealed these extreme weather condi- that the extent of damage and tions. loss of life can be assessed “Preliminary findings of the through the use of Geospatial study and extensive review of technologies. literature shows that low income According to Shingirirai Mu- communities (urban poor) in tanga, Research Specialist in the flood prone areas remain highly Science & Technology division of vulnerable and face greater AISA, researchers found that by risk,” said Mutanga. means of Geospatial Technolo- The research also highlights gies it is possible to monitor the importance of planning for Climate Change related disasters future climate change events, in Africa, provide communities facilitating anticipatory adapta- with early warning systems and tion to new hazards and inform- assess the extent of damage ing ongoing adaptation to famil- caused. iar evolving hazards. Mutanga was presenting a “Essentially Geographical In- study on the Relevance of Geo- formation System (GIS) Tech- spatial Technologies in Monitor- nologies can aid in providing ing Climate Change related dis- quantitative estimates of the asters in Africa: Special focus on potential number of people and Floods in Dar Es Salaam; Tanza- value of assets exposed to nia. coastal flooding;” he added. SWIM OR SINK… Preliminary findings of the study and extensive review of literature shows that low in- He said his study highlights the In comparison, Mutanga high- come communities (urban poor) in flood prone areas remain highly vulnerable and face greater risk. global trend of disasters in lighted the two tsunami inci- PICTURE: MUSINA MUNICIPALITY coastal cities showing an ever- dents that occurred in Asia few increasing frequency of flood years ago. He said the loss of life of a Digital Elevation Model floods by 2070. Other presenters at the semi- occurrence, which has claimed in the December 2004 tsunami (DEM), the physical exposure The study concurs with the nar were Ms Elize Van As, AISA not only human lives, but also was huge compared to the loss and people’s vulnerability to notion that steering develop- Cartographer, Dr Barbara Kei- caused damage to property and suffered in the 2011 tsunami floods can be analysed. He fur- ment away from low-lying areas tumetse Mashope, Research infrastructure due to advancement in techno- ther warned that approximately, that are not (or less) threatened Specialist in the Science and He further emphasised the logical innovation which includes 8% of the city’s population lies by sea-level rise and extreme Technology Programme of AISA, critical role Geospatial Technolo- Geospatial technologies, key to within the low elevation coast- climates could be an effective as well as Prof. Godwell Nhamo gies can play in ascertaining the early warning systems. lines with a projected 210 000 strategic response to reduce the from UNISA who was the pro- degree of exposure and vulner- He added that through the use people at risk of exposure to future growth in exposure levels. gramme director for the day.

AISA joins the top five Think Tanks in Sub-Saharan Africa

OTSILE MALEBACO

University of Pennsylvania’s In- competent researchers who policy development and practical ternational Relations Pro- understand the importance of problem-solving strategies in gramme, is the culmination of an the institution’s mandate on the Africa,” Prof. Lukhele-Olorunju eight-month process involving continent and their willingness said. the support of more than 6,600 to go the extra mile in order to She further indicated that think tanks from 182 countries fulfil this mandate. AISA’s objective scope is focused and 1950 experts from every To date, the Global Go To Think on developing a knowledge- region of the world. Tanks rankings remain the first and based economy and seeking Speaking after receiving the most comprehensive ranking of the solutions for Africa’s develop- news, AISA’s interim CEO, Prof. world’s top think tanks. mental challenges through the Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju said it AISA covers issues of govern- lens of the South African govern- was a thing of joy for AISA to be ance and democracy, peace and ment’s Department of Science ranked fifth out of 50 Think security, sustainable develop- and Technology (DST) priorities, Tanks in Sub-Saharan Africa. ment, science and technology as including poverty, democratisa- “Last year we were sixth, so well as knowledge transfer and tion, sustainable development, we have moved one notch up, skills development. environmental conservation, and meaning that there is improve- Asked to describe AISA’s safety and security. GO GLOBAL... AISA adds value to and contribute towards policy for- ment in our work. We are pro- unique selling points, Prof. Luk- “We add value to and contrib- mulation and decision-making locally, regionally and continentally. gressing despite the fierce com- hele-Olorunju said her institu- ute towards policy formulation petition we face from much tion has a broad mandate of and decision-making locally, he Africa Institute of This is according to the 2012 more resourced institutions,” researching on African affairs. regionally and continentally South Africa (AISA) is Global Go To Think Tanks Survey she added. “We produce relevant re- which gives us the edge over ranked number five out report released on Thursday 24 Prof. Lukhele-Olurunju attrib- search products relating to hu- other think tanks that may just of 50 top Think Tanks in January 2013. uted the institution’s achieve- man, social and scientific dynam- be limited to regional affairs or TSub-Saharan Africa. The survey, which is part of the ment to good governance and ics in Africa aimed at informing one subject area,” she added. 6 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 23 January 2013 National elections held in Africa in 2012 ELIZE VAN AS

Incumbent President Ernest Bai dissolved the parliament in Council) 15 December - Refer- Koroma of the All People’s Con- March 2012. Prime Minister endum gress (APC) won with 58.7% of Pakalitha Mosisili falls short of As none of the two front- the votes. President Koroma has an outright majority to form a runners got an overhaul ma- been in office since September government. On 30 May 2012, jority in the 23/24 May 2012 2007. The APC won a majority of Tom Motsoahae Thabane, a mem- presidential election, a second 67 out of 112 seats. ber of the Lesotho Congress for round of votes took place on 6. Burkina Faso, legislative elec- Democracy (LCD) announced that he 16/17 June 2012. On 24 June tion, 2 December had formed a coalition to give him a 2012, Egypt’s election com- The ruling Congress for Democ- majority in parliament. On 31 May mission announced that Mo- racy and Progress (CDP) won with a 2012, Mosisili resigned. hammed Morsi of the Muslim majority of 70 out of the 127 seats 11. Mauritius, unscheduled Brotherhood has won the in the National Assembly. presidential election, 21 July second round of votes with 7. Ghana, presidential and legis- After a dispute with Prime Minis- 51.7%. The first free Parlia- lative elections, 7 December ter Dr Navin Ramgoolam, Mauri- mentary elections in Egypt’s The presidential election was tius President Anerood Jugnauth history were held between 28 won by John Dramani Mahama resigned on 30 March 2012. Vice November 2011 and 11 Janu- of the National Democratic Con- President, Monique Ohsan Belle- ary 2012 in three stages for gress (NDC) with 50.7% of the peau acted as president until seats of the People’s Assem- votes. Mahama was vice presi- Rajkeswur Purryag was elected bly (Lower House). Although dent from 2009 to 2012 and was as president by the National the Democratic Alliance for sworn in as president on 24 July Assembly on 21 July 2012. Egypt won a majority of seats, 2012, following the death of 12. Somalia, presidential and the Supreme Court of Egypt, President John Atta Mills. legislative elections, 20 August on 14 June 2012, ruled the The NDC also won a majority of (parliamentary - indirect) and election unconstitutional and 1. Algeria, legislative election, (APRC) won the National Assem- 148 out of 275 seats. 10 September (Presidential - ordered the People’s Assem- 10 May bly election with 51.8% of votes. 8. Republic of the Congo, legis- indirect) bly to be dissolved and the The coalition consisting of the Most of the opposition boy- lative election, 15 July and 5 On 20 August 2012 the interim president to call for new elec- Front de libération nationale cotted the election. August (second round) mandate of the Transitional Fed- tions. Between 29 January (FLN) of President Abdelaziz 4. Guinea Bissau, unscheduled In the first round the Congolese eral Government came to an end 2012 and 22 February 2012 Bouteflika and the Rassemble- presidential election, 18 March Party of Labour (PCT) of Presi- and the Federal Government of elections for the Shura Council ment national démocratique An early presidential election dent won Somalia was established. On 10 (Upper House) were held. The (RND) of Prime Minister Ahmed was held in Guinea Bissau on 18 57 of the 69 seats. In the second September 2012, the newly- Freedom and Justice Party Ouyahia won the election, assur- March 2012, following the death round the PCT won 32 of the appointed Federal Government won a majority of 105 of the ing President Bouteflika, who of President Malam Bacai Sanhá remaining 67 seats. elected Hassan Sheikh - 180 seats. A constitutional has been in office since April on 9 January 2012. As no candi- 9. Angola, presidential and leg- Mohamud as the first President referendum was held on 15 1999, to serve for a third term. date obtained a majority of the islative elections, 31 August of Somalia. December 2012 and 22 De- 2. Senegal, presidential and vote, a run-off was scheduled for According to the 2010 constitu- 13. Ethiopia, unscheduled elec- cember 2012 for the approval legislative elections, 26 Febru- 22 April 2012, but postponed by tion, the head candidate of the tion of Prime Minister, 21 Sep- of a draft constitution. More ary (first round, presidential), a week to 29 April 2012. How- majority party automatically tember than 60% of the voters were 18 March (second round, presi- ever, on 12 April 2012, the front- became president. The Popular Hailemariam Desalegn was in favour of the new constitu- dential) and 1 July (legislative) runner and outgoing Prime Min- Movement for the Liberation of sworn in as acting Prime Minis- tion. Only a third of the elec- Macky Sall won the second ister Carlos Gomes Júnior and Angola (MPLA) won a majority of ter on 21 September 2012 fol- torate voted. round of the presidential elec- Interim President Raimundo 175 of the 220 seats. Incumbent lowing the death of Prime Minis- 15. Libya, legislative election, tion and brought an end to Presi- Pereira were arrested. On 27 President José Eduardo dos San- ter in August 7 July dent Abdoulaya Wade’s 12-year April they were released and tos, being head candidate of the 2012. Hailemariam Desalegn On 7 July 2012 elections for a rule. In the parliamentary elec- sent to Côte d’Ivoire. As from 1 MPLA was confirmed as presi- served as deputy prime minister. General National Congress tions held on 1 July 2012, the May 2012 an independent candi- dent. The MPLA has been in The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is (GNC) were held in Libya. In United Hope coalition won 119 date and former speaker of the power since independence in the head of the country. August 2012, the GNC elected of the 150 seats in the National parliament, Manuel Serifo 1975. 14. Egypt, presidential and legis- Mohamed Yousef el-Magariaf Assembly. Nhamadjo was named to lead a 10. Lesotho, legislative election, lative elections, 23/24 May and as congress president and in 3. Gambia, legislative election, two-year interim government. 26 May 16/17 June (presidential), 28 October a new prime minister. 29 March 5. Sierra Leone, presidential and Elections for the 120-member November 2011 - 11 January As president of the GNC, el- The ruling Alliance for Patriotic legislative elections, 17 Novem- National Assembly took place on 2012 (People’s Assembly) and Magariaf is the de facto head Restoration and Construction ber 26 May 2012, after King Letsie III 29 January - 11 March (Shura of state. CREATING SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION IN AFRICA Country Case Studies

Editors: Mammo Muchie and writing about the peculiarities diffusion and use of new and Angathevar Baskaran and distinctions of the Japanese, economically useful knowledge ISBN: 978-0-7983-0347-7 American, British, German, East and are either located within or Size: 245x170mm Asian Tigers and other varieties rooted inside the borders of a Extent: 234 Pages of system construction. Freeman nation state.’ The normative Price: R150.00 defines National System of Inno- assumption is that those nations Availability: January 2013 vation as ‘the network of institu- that succeeded in building eco- Co-Published by AISA, TUT and tions in the public and private nomic strength relied on the AALBORG UNIVERSITY sectors whose activities and science, engineering, technology interactions initiate, import, and innovation capability that The most popularised concept in modify and diff use new tech- made them to achieve an inno- the economics of innovation nologies.’ Richard Nelson defines vation advantage to put them literature has been the national it as ‘a set of institutions whose ahead in the world, acquiring system of innovation (NSI). It interactions determine the inno- national or regional economic was in the late 1980s that the vative performance of national leadership as the case may be concept that Frederik List coined firms. Lundvall defines the sys- depending on what level of as the ‘National Political Econ- tem of innovation as the analyses is selected to look at omy of Production’ took off ‘elements and relationships particular failure, success or again with different thinkers which interact in the production, progress they made. 7 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) January 2013 Volume 23

Africa in colour film... In this issue we included images from the 20th AU Summit, the AFCON 2013 and many more. Contributors are Adziliwi Nematandani (AISA) Otsile Malebaco (AISA) Asnath Sebati (Bhongolethu Youth Foundation) Thomas Chauke (Gauteng Provincial Government)

ART… A portrait of the AU Commission's Chairperson, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma displayed at the AU Summit.

PLAYING AGAIN… Twelve year old Catherine Kantumoua had her sight restored at the ORBIS Paediatric Eye Care Centre in Kitwe, Zambia.

MOTHERS OF NATIONS… Former Irish Prime Minister Mary Robinson was among the women who attended the 20th AU Summit’

THE BEAT AT AFRICA’S FEET… President Jacob Zuma at the official opening of the AFCON 2013 at the National Stadium.

COME DOWN HOLY SPIRIT… South African football lovers at one of the 2013 BLESSED HANDS THAT GIVETH… AISA’s interim CEO, Prof. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju flanked by AFCON games. Univen representatives together with AISA staff members during the book donation function.

8 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 23 January 2013 CONTRIBUTORS

EDITOR IN CHIEF: Prof. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju SPORT... LANGUAGE EDITOR: Yvette Francis

EDITOR: Adziliwi Nematandani

ASSISTANT EDITOR: Otsile The AFCON 2013 – excitements Malebaco and disappointments WRITERS IN THIS ISSUE: Prof. Phindile Lukhele- Olorunju

Thembani Mbadlanyana

Adziliwi Nematandani

Elize Van As

Frank Lekaba

Thabani Mdlongwa

Otsile Malebaco

PHOTOGRAPHERS IN THIS ISSUE:

Thomas Chauke

Asnath Sebati

Otsile Malebaco

Adziliwi Nematandani

Musina Local Municipality

LAYOUT:

THE BEAT AT AFRICA’S FEET… South African football lovers defied the rainy weather to witness the official opening of the 2013 AFCON at the Adziliwi Nematandani National Stadium Johannesburg. In the opening game SA drew 0-0 with Cape Verde. PICTURE: THOMAS CHAUKE GRAPHICS: ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI AND THABANI MDLONGWA Otsile Malebaco ust like the 2010 FIFA decades of absence in the Af- nated them ten years ago. Mali In other games, the tourna- World Cup which was rica’s premier tournament. won 3-1 on penalties after both ment’s favourites, Ghana, man- CONTACTS: hosted in South Africa with The Ethiopians did not only teams played to a one-all draw aged to proceed to the semis much fanfare and pomp, display beautiful ambience in the in 120 minutes. after beating the new comers, Embassy House Jthe 2013 Africa Cup of Nations field of play, their fans painted The home team might be dis- Cape Verde 2-0 while Burkina (AFCON) which began on Febru- Mbombela stadium yellow in appointed, but not as much as Faso snatched in a late winner 1 Bailey Lane ary 19 has so far been a thriller. almost all the games that their the star studded Ivorian team against a fellow West African (Cnr Edmond Street) Although the home team has team was playing which also that once again have failed to state, Togo to sail to into the Arcadia already been eliminated, the worked in their favour against win the cup after being tipped semi-finals with a 1-0 victory. Pretoria, South Africa tournament continues to be the the reigning African Champions. the tournament’s favourites. Ghana will now play Burkina first of its kind with almost every The game ended one-all which The Ivory Coast squad, which Faso while Mali plays Nigeria in team enjoying the support re- also contributed to the Zambian analysts have dubbed ‘the galaxy the semi-finals. PO Box 630 sembling that of the home team. downfall. Chipolopolo exited in of stars’ was composed of play- The Passenger Rail Agency of Pretoria Analysts are arguing that this is the group stages of the tourna- ers who are mainly plying their South Africa (PRASA) is still pro- 0001 the first AFCON in which no ment. trades in the European big viding transport in the form of South Africa team can clearly command the On a more positive note, the leagues. However, they were buses and trains to supporters at home advantage. home team managed to reach eliminated in the second round all host venues. Switchboard: +27 12 304 9700 Among the surprises of the the quarter-finals stage for the by the youthful Nigerian side. The tournament ends on Tel: +27 12 304 9729/51 tournament was the Ethiopian first time since 2002 and they Nigeria won 2-1 in regulation February 10 with the final E-mail [email protected] team that displayed brilliant were again eliminated by the time after leading twice in the game at the National Stadium, Website: www.ai.org.za football after more than three same outfit, Mali, that elimi- game. Johannesburg.

9 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA)