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A New Genus and Species of Dasyuromorphian from the Miocene

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A New Genus and Species of Dasyuromorphian from the Miocene A new genusand speciesof dasyuromorphianfrom the Miocene of Riversleigh,northern Australia STEPHENWROE WROE, S.,2001:12:20.A new genusand speciesof dasyuromorphianfiorn thc Mioccncof Riverslcigh,nofihem Australia.Menoirs of the AustrulianAssociution of Pulueontologists25. 53-59.ISSN 0810-8889 Jocttlttsiuntntttizoni, new genusand spccies,is the leastderived dasyuromoryhian yet described from the Oligoccnc-Miocenedeposits of Riversleighin northwesternQueensland. Within Dasyuromorphia,J.muizoni is plesiomorphicfbr all dcntalfeatures examined excepting metacristid orientation.Oblique alignmcnt of this cristidwith respectto the long axisof the dentaryin./. tttuizoni is an apomorphywithin Dasyuromorphiasharcd with some representativesof both Thylacinidaeand Dasyuridae. Conscqucntly. placement of this newtaxon at the family levelis untenable.Analysis of the materialdraws attentionto the absenceof well supportcd synapomorphiesfor the dasyuromorphianorder. Considcred together with temporalas well as geographicposition, the prcscnccof a featurewhich is possiblysynapomorphic with some Thylacinidaeor Dasyuridae,is trcatcdas a reasonablebasis for the placementof J. ntuittni within Dasyuromorphia. S. Wroe,(s.v:roe(cl,un,sw.edu.au) School o./Biologit'al Sciences,Universitl, of'S.v"dne1,,Nev.'South Wales,2006 and S<:hoolo.f Biologic'al Sc'ience, Universitl, o.f Nev South Wales,Nev'South Wales, 2052.Received I June2000 Keywords:Joculu.s iuttt muizoni, Dasyuromorphia, Mioccne. Riversleigh DASYUROMORPHIANS havc been Recentlydiscovered material from earlyTertiary suggestedto be structurally ancestralto the depositsof Murgon, southcasternQueensland remainderof the Australianmarsupial radiation (Godthclpet al. 1999)hasadded further complexity (Bcnsley1903, Ride 1964.Szalay1994). Howcvcq to our understandingof dasyuromorphian the f-actoroften flagged to suppofta basalposition evolution.Australia's oldest marsupicamivore, for the clade,that is, the retentionof essentially Djurthia mtu'gonensis,may bc refcrableto either primitivemarsupial rnorphology, hinders attempts Didelphidae(sensu Marshall et a\.,1990)or to demonstratea spccialrelationship between Australidelphiaon the basisof dcntalevidence. dasyuromorphiansand any specificSouth If the latter is ultimatcly supportedby the Amcricanclade. The discoveryand interpretation unambiguousassociation of D. mttrgonensi.vwith of new Australianfossil material has added new australidelphiantarsal material, then it becomes dimensionsto debateon the topic of dasyuro- more difficult to define Australidelphia, morphiancvolution (Wroe 1998.| 999a).Archer Dasyuromorphiaor Didelphidaeon the basisof (1976b,1982), Wroe (l 996,1991a, I 997b, 1999b, in dcntal morphologyalone. A conservative prcss),Wroe e/ al. (2000) and Wroe & Nasscr approachis requiredin the taxonornicplacernent (2001)have denronstrated that cvcn generalised ofgeneralisedAustralian fossil taxa, such as that dasyurids,commonly thought to approximatethe describedbelow, particularly in the absenceof plesiomorphicaustralidelphian statc for many basicranialmaterial. features,arc highly derived in their cranial morphology.Moreover, Wroe ( 1999b)argues that SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY althoughthe family Dasyuridaecan not bc defined by thepresence ofdcntal synapomorphies.shared OrderDASYUROMORPHIA Gill" I 872 derivedbasicranial features demonstrate a special relationshipbetween the middle Miocene Joculusiumgcn. nov. 'modern dasyurid,Barinl:a wungala. and all Dasyuridae'(seir"su Wroe 1999b),with 'modern T1'1tt':pL'cit'.s..loctrltt.:itrnr nrtri:ttni sp. nov. Dasyuridae'united by a furthcr suite of synapomorphicbasicranial features. Diagno.sis.Joculusiunt muizoni differs from all 54 AAPMemoir 25 (2001) known dasyuridsand thylacinids in the following combinationoffeatures: Prequal to or exceeding P, dorsoventrally; Mr paraconid large, circumscribedby a well definedanterior cingulid; cristid obliqua terminatesjust buccal to the carnassialnotch of the metacristid on Mr-o; trigonid shorter,anteroposteriorly, than the talonid on M,_,;metacristid almost equal to the paracristid in length on Mr-o;postprotocristid-metacristid and hypocristid strongly torsioned away from transverseorientation to dentary on M,_o; posteriorface of the trigonid on M,_ois anteriorly inclined;entoconid large on M,_.and distinct on Mo; hypoconulidnotch preseniin the anterior cingulid of Mr-., but not deeply recessed. Joculusium muizoni can be distinguishedfrom known bandicoots(peramelomorphians) by the abovecombination of charactersand possession ofa well definedposterior cingulid, a morebuccally positioned hypoconulid and a less lingually positionedcristid obliqua. 'a Etymologt. From the Latin joculus, meaning little joke', in referenceto the type locality (Gag Site). Joculusium muizoni sp.nov. (Fig. l) Fig. I . Joculusiummuizoni gen. et sp. nov., QMF36442, holotype,left dentarycontaining the posteriorroot of Diagnosis.As for the genus. P1,P2 (exceptingthe occlusal tip), and P3, Mt-+. Stereopairin occlusalview. Scale bar indicates 2 mm. Etymologt. After Frenchpalaeontologist Christian de Muizon, in recognitionof his greatcontribution The crown of P,, the anterior root, and the to marsupialpalaeontology. lingual portion of the anteriorroot alveolusare broken away. Only the posterior root remains.A Holotype. Qli{F36442, a left dentary containing small diastemaseparates P, and Pr. theposterior root ofP,, P, (exceptingthe occlusal In P, a portionof the crown is missinganterior tip), andP.,, Mr_4. to the posterior root. A clearly defined cristid ascendsthe posterior face of crown, from a small Locality and age of material. Gag Site, centralcuspule on the heelto wherethe crown is RiversleighWorld Heritagefossil property,Lawn brokenaway. Another cristid continuesfrom the Hill National Park,northwestem Queensland. The posterocentralcuspule along the buccal crown fossil material recovered from Gag Site is margin to a point between the anterior and interpretedto be middle Miocene in age on the posteriorroots. From the distancebetween the basis of the site's stratigraphicrelationships to anterior and posterior roots it is inferred that P2 is other Riversleigh depositsand its contained the longestpremolar anteroposteriorly. (Dwornamor) local fauna (Archer et al. 1995, P. is wider than P, transverselyand gently Creaser1997). recurvedin lateralview. A cingulidcircumscribes the heel and is bisectedby anothercristid which Description. In buccalview the dentaryis roughly ascendsthe posteriorface of the principal cusp uniform in depth posteroanteriorly from Mo to from the small, posterocentralcuspule. The beneathanterior root of M, , but tapersfrom M, to principal cusp and M, protoconid are of nearly beneaththe posterior root of P,, and is broken equalheight. It is infened that P, probably exceeds away from 2 mm posteriorofM, and I mm anterior P, in height, but damageto P, precludescertainty. ofP root. In M, the paracristid is the main vertical shearingcrest. Principal cusps in order of AAP Memoir25 (2001) decreasingheight are: protoconid,paraconid, Meristicgradient,s /rom M, ,. The orientationsof metaconid,cntoconid, hypoconulid and the paracristid,metacristid and hypocristid are hypoconid.Although taller than the metaconid, increasinglytransverse with respectto the long the paraconidis the smallerof the two with the axis of dentary, the angle fon.nedbetween the protoconidthe largestcusp of thc M, trigonid. paracristidand metacristid is increasinglyacute; The metaconid is largc and positioned protoconidheight increases M, . (M, protoconid posterolinguallywith respectto the protoconid. tip rnissing):metuconid height increases liom M, A right angleis formed betweenthe paracristid- to M,, then decrcascsfbr M.,;the metaconidis preprotocristidand the postprotocristid- largcr than thc paraconidon all molars but n.retacristid.An acuteinternal angle is formcd dccrcascsin sizcfcrr M,_..,: talonid width increases betweenthe cristid obliqua and hypocristid. Both from M,_,,but dccreasesfrom M._.,. the metacristidand hypocristidarc oricntcdat about forty-five degreesto the long axis of the CHARACTER STATEPOLARITIES dentary.The cristid obliqua ten.ninates anteriorly Method. Most f-eaturesconsidered in the present just buccalto the 'camassialnotch' separating study have been examinedby Archer (1976a, the metacristidand postprotocristid.In occlusal 1916b), Reig et al. ( 1987),Marshall et al. (1990), vicw thc surfacearea ofthe talonidis muchgreater Wroe( 1996, 1991 a, 1991b.I 999b).Wroe e r al. (2000) thanthat ofthe trigonid.The posterior face ofthe and Godthelpet al. (1999).Further details trigonid is inclined.A well deflnedanterior regardingtheir distributionamong dasyuro- cingulidruns anteriorly from the buccalbase of morphiansand relevantoutgroup taxa (i.e. theprotoconid to beneaththe carnassial notch of Peradectidae,Didelphidae, Djarthia murgonensis theparacristid, whcrc a smallnotch accommodates (Marsupialiaince rtae sedi^r),Microbiotheriidae, thc hccl of P.. The posteriorcingulid is well- Peramelemorphia)is contained therein. Systematic developed,running from the hypoconulidto the nomenclature for Dasyuror.norphia fo II ows Wroe baseofthe hypoconid.A distinctbuccal cingulid ( 1996)with highcrlcvcl n.rarsupial systcmatics after is almostcontinuous with the anteriorand Marshallet al. (l 990). Dentalnomenclature posteriorcingulids. The hypoconulidis not followsFlowcr ( I 867)and Luckett ( I 993)regarding deeplyrecessed into antcriorcingulid of M.. the molar-premolarboundary, such that thc adult M. dificrsfrom M in thelollowing
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