In the 1880’s a 18B. Cambridge City Park 21. ZANE’S TRACE — On Peters Creek Road, huge coal boom made — Stroll through a across from Cassell Station. In 1796 Ebenezer Guernsey County a Covered Bridge while Zane won a commission from Congress to develop major producer. The following the walking trail a new gateway to the west. The Trace that he coal was shipped in the park. blazed followed the existing wild animal and from the mines in American Indian trails wherever possible. The bridle Guernsey County by 18C. Museums — trail, through the giant trees, wound its way from rail. Many mines were located in the surrounding • Cambridge Glass Museum - 812 Jefferson Ave., Wheeling, West Virginia to Limestone, Kentucky area. Cambridge, OH 43725, 740-432-3045 (present day Maysville). Along the Trace many A miner’s home still stands at this site. • Degenhart Paperweight & Glass Museum new settlements grew. PRIVATE RESIDENCE. The driveway running in 65323 Highland Hills Rd., Cambridge, OH 43725 In 1803 Ohio’s state legislature set aside money front of the house was the original route to Lore 740-432-2626 to make the Zane’s Trace accessible to wagons. City. Route 265, west of this site, now takes • Guernsey County Historical Museum - 218 N. 8th, The trees were cut to make it twenty feet wide. you to Lore City. The Scott Mine and the Klondyke Cambridge, OH 43725, 740-439-5884 Travelers began to refer to the road by different Mine are a few of the mines that were located • Hopalong Cassidy Museum - S.10th St., Antique names, including the Wheeling Road, the Wheeling- U.S. 40 along this route. Mall, Cambridge, OH 43725, 740-432-3364 Limestone Road, or just the Limestone Road rather (23.7 miles) • National Museum of Cambridge Glass - 136 S. 9th, than as Zane’s Trace.

17. SANTA ANNA, the Mexican General, was Cambridge, OH 43725, 740-432-4245 (A hiking trail will be developed along this portion Driving Tour Historic responsible for the fall of the Alamo. He was • Universal Pottery Exhibit - Penny Court of the Zane’s Trace.) later captured and taken by boat to New Orleans, 637 Wheeling Ave., Cambridge, OH, 740-432-4369 up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, then on the (A Walking Tour of Historic Cambridge brochure is Side Trip: Travel on the following roads - Oxford Ohio Guernsey County, Zane’s Trace to the Old National Road. As a available at the Cambridge/Guernsey County Visitors Road, Frankfort Road, Zane Road and Endley Road prisoner, on the way to Washington, D.C. to where sections of the Zane’s Trace ran. (Check

& Convention Bureau, 627 Wheeling Ave., Cambridge, National Road stand trial, he stayed at McMurry Tavern in OH 43725, 1-800-933-5480.) map for locations.) 1836. (McMurry Tavern once stood at the site of (27.5 miles) (31.7 miles) Guernsey Memory Gardens.) 19. FAIRDALE TOLLHOUSE — Off U.S. 40 at 5988 22. BEST HILL ROAD — Off U.S. 40. Drive on Fairdale Rd. - This tollhouse was erected on the the Old National Road with a Civil War Veteran Long’s Motel (c. 1947) is on the north side of the Old National Road as a means of paying the crushing Oliver Barnett’s 1870’s farm house. The stone used National Road on your way into CAMBRIDGE. It expenses of creating this National public work. Four in the construction was quarried from the property is one of the few surviving U.S. 40 motels still in tollhouses were maintained in Guernsey County and and the lumber from trees nearby. This wooden , operation. the only survivor is this house is a fine example , Ohio (25.5 miles) tollhouse. The structure of a Victorian Italianate District 18. CAMBRIDGE HISTORIC DISTRICT — (platted has been altered over the residence along the Old 1806) The National Road carries you through National Road in years. U.S. 40 the center of the Historic Rates of toll were Guernsey County. It is District where you can still find determined by the amount listed on the National examples of 19th century of damage done to the Old Register of Historic architecture. The Guernsey National Road. Places. PRIVATE RESIDENCE. County Courthouse is in the A schedule in effect in 1832 follows: center of town with a marble Brief History of Guernsey History of Guernsey County Score of sheep or hogs, $ .05 23. DEVIL’S DIP is located a mile and a half east of A Civil War Soldiers’ Monument Score of cattle, $ .10 New Concord on the abandoned Old National Road. tories of Guernsey County S standing in front. The Soldiers’ Horse and rider, $ .04 It was so named because of a steep hill that 800-933-5480 Monument commemorates the Sulky drawn by one horse, $ .08 descended to the bottom with a curve and narrow 627 Wheeling Ave. patriotism, hardships and Chariot or coach, $ .12 ½ bridge. Primitive vehicles of the day and the design Convention Bureau Cambridge, Ohio 43725 sacrifices of those from Vehicle with wheels under four inches in width, $ .06 of the road caused more than one driver a “devilish Guernsey County, who answered the country’s experience” at Devil’s Dip. Vehicle with wheels exceeding six inches in width, free www.visitguernseycounty.com call in time of peril. Exceptions were granted to persons going and The tree shaded roadside valley was frequently 1 , Ohio For more information please contact: This designation was given by the U.S. Email: [email protected] intersection of Interstates 70 & 77. contain 660 miles of the National Road.

Cambridge benefitted culturally and financially Cambridge/Guernsey County Visitors & coming to church, a funeral, a place of election, the host to gypsy caravans and homeless men in Guernsey County is situated between because of its location to nearby natural National Road places of business, to mill and to market. Clergymen the 1930’s. (This site is on private property.) Columbus, OH and Wheeling, WV at the Transportation Secretary to these six states which Secretary Transportation For more information about Guernsey County history please visit the Guernsey County County Ohio 191 Public Library, Finley Room, Cambridge, OH Public Library, Resources available include: Ohio File: Historic National Road, Guernsey County, (volunteers, text & photographs pamphlet Tour Driving Adams and Cambridge, from Oxford, Wills, Center, that contributed to this brochure) Twps. Westland Russell H., Booth, Jr., Sarchet, Col. C. P. B., Sarchet, Col. C. P. Wolfe, William G., William G., Wolfe, resources and routes of transportation. went through free, as did children on their way to (32.3 miles) Funding & Support for the preparation of this project provided by: • Cambridge Rotary Foundation Cambridge, OH • Colgate-Palmolive Company, • Guernsey County Community Development Corp. • U S Bank, Cambridge, Ohio • Peoples Bank, Cambridge, Ohio Emerita Professor of History, Lorle Porter, • Dr. Muskingum College, New Concord, Ohio • Don Fairchild, Painting on Cover • Signage/Project Pride Research Committee 2004 and from school. A stage and horses carrying 24. STAGECOACH STOP — U.S. 40 & Morgan “All-American Road & National Scenic Byway” 18A. Viaduct Site - 5th & Wheeling Ave. United States mail were passed through free. Road. The William McDonald family owned this Wills Creek, the Zane’s Trace, the Old National PRIVATE RESIDENCE. home and ran the Fountain Pump Tavern. The tavern Road, the Railroad, U.S. 22 and U.S. 40 pass/ (29.7 miles) sat west of this home across Morgan Road. passed through this area. These routes of travel 20. PETER’S CREEK “S” BRIDGE — (Circa 1828) - PRIVATE RESIDENCE. made Cambridge and Guernsey County an Peter’s Creek “S” Bridge was built with well-cut important transportation center. sandstone and good mortar in the shape of an “S.” 24A. William McDonald was a contractor on the The first bridge, authorized by the Legislature Floods of traffic used this bridge on the Old National Old National Road. He was given a contract to of the Northwest Territory in 1801, was built at Road heading for the western frontier and the build a one mile section of (37.4 miles) this site of logs and had a puncheon floor. The eastern seaboard markets. the National Road through (33.8 miles) old bridge was succeeded by the covered bridge Cambridge on Wheeling in 1828 when the National Road was built. The 20A. The development and the Ave. from the Hutchison covered bridge was in turn succeeded by the

history of transportation can be Tavern (National Hotel) is dedicated to the viaduct in 1925. seen from this location: west in 1827. According There is a monument located at this site by (1) Zane’s Trace (1796) was a to the provisions of McDonald’s contract, the road Dedicated to telling the the old Union Railroad Station erected by Anna path cut through the dense forest bed through Cambridge was to be twenty-four

Asbury Stone Chapter, DAR (1926). Inscription in the Northwest Territory. See feet wide. The material used was broken limestone In 1840 the Good Intent Line reads: #21 for location. The engineer was Jonathan Knight. Twenty- “Near This Spot (2) The Old National Road (1828) five years later the same engineer was employed New Concord’s “S “ Bridge was The Old Covered Bridge over the “S” Bridge was the most important land for the construction of the Central Ohio (Baltimore Spanned Wills Creek route to the west. and Ohio) Railroad through this section.

On the Old National Road carried mail and passengers along the Old William McDonald’s laborers were mostly Irish.

(3) The Railroad (1850’s) replaced animal and foot was built in 1834 by Blacksmith Joseph

1828-1915 an 1828 “pike town,” is proud of its heritage

Near It Was The Ferry Cabin power. The tracks are south across U.S. 40. They were paid sixty-two and one-half cents a The First House (4) U.S. 40 (1920’s) was the major east-west artery. day. In addition to this wage, each laborer received Built in Cambridge It exists within a few feet of the Old National Road. three “jiggers” of whiskey. A “jigger” was an 1798-1800” (5) I-70 (1960’s) is across U.S. 40 and the railroad average drink.

tracks. It is the present-day mover of people and William McDonald and family members are buried Stagecoaches goods. in Speer Cemetery. It is the oldest cemetery in National Road and needed stagecoach stops to accommodate the horses and passengers. ran its stages through Cambridge from Columbus to Wheeling in twenty hours. The Mail Pilot Line advertised that its stages would leave Columbus daily at 6 a.m., reach, Zanesville 1 p.m., and allowing five hours for repose Wheeling at 6 a.m., the next day, at St. Clairsville. It took them twenty-four hours to complete the trip. The fare from Columbus to Zanesville was $2.00 and Zanesville to Wheeling $3.00. Within each stage were seats for nine passengers. Horses were changed about every twelve miles. At these station points, fresh horses would be hitched to the stage. Having rested his team, the driver would return later with another stage bound in the opposite direction. Drivers received twelve dollars a month with board and lodging. Drivers were rewarded for making fast time. Sylvester Root, who died in Old Washington, Guernsey from Old Washington in 1878, drove a four-horse stage County, to Cambridge, a distance of nine miles in thirty-two minutes. He was presented a driver’s horn by the stage company for making the best time on line. (Drivers’ horns were used to alert stagecoach stops of their arrival.) and has created entrances to the village featuring a “S” Bridge motif. 2. Harper Cabin McKinley who abandoned the Zane’s Trace in favor of grow- ing New Concord. 3. John and Annie Glenn Historic Site - 24B. We hope that you enjoyed the Historic National Road in Guernsey and that it enhanced your stay Driving Tour County. (Please contact the Visitors & Convention Bureau office if signs are damaged or missing Old National Road Tour 800-933-5480.) MUSKINGUM COUNTY (NEW CONCORD) 1. New Concord, MUSKINGUM COUNTY - (NORWICH) U.S. 40 5. National Road & Zane Grey Museum - Guernsey County. story of 20th century American history through the lives John and Annie Glenn. Contact 740-826-3305 4. Fox Run “S” Bridge - restored in 1997 and won the Historic Bridge Preservation more “S” Bridges survive in Guernsey Two prize that year. County. 740-872-3143 ROAD. Contact NATIONAL story of the They thus became a distinctive feature of the old All-American Road Key Sites On The Guernsey County National Road National Scenic Byway road. Dear Visitor... General John H. Morgan, a Confederate, was We invite you to enjoy the HISTORIC in Old Washington (east of this area). Anticipating NATIONAL ROAD TOUR through GUERNSEY an attack, he placed two pickets at the Hyde Hill COUNTY. Tavern which resulted in the “HYDE HILL Situated along the western edge of SKIRMISH” on July 24, 1863. PRIVATE America’s early national frontier, historic RESIDENCE. Guernsey County, Ohio has been welcoming You can walk on the same BRICK section of travelers to the area for two hundred years. the Old National Road that patrons used going to and from the Hyde Hill Tavern. The brick road is Nestled in the lush, rolling foothills of located east of the tavern. TOUR BUSES Southeastern Ohio’s Appalachian Mountains, PROHIBITED. Guernsey County is a place of verdant forests (17.5 miles) and pristine lakes. Life moves at a more relaxed 14. PEACOCK ROAD — Off U.S. 40 - Peacock pace here, much as it did when the area was Road is on the National Register of Historic Places. first settled two centuries ago. A launching COUNTY A trip down this 1918 original brick portion of BELMONT point for pioneers headed west, Guernsey road recreates the experience of traveling the County took its name from an early group of old two lane National Road. You will pass an settlers from the Isle of Guernsey in the English Old National Road ------1877 farm house and the former Center Township Channel. Hall. Zane’s Trace ------Most early travelers reached this area by This section of road was left unpaved until traveling along Zane’s Trace, a trail cleared out Scenic Route ------World War I when it was needed as a route for of the wilderness in 1796, linking Ohio to war shipments. With little labor available, special Kentucky and points West. This historic route legislation allowed prison inmates to be used as (14.2 miles) was replaced in 1827 by the Old National Road (00.0 miles) Henry Clay, a United States congressman, was 7. MOORE MEMORIAL WOODS is a nature area a work force in bricking some sections of the Old 10. OLD WASHINGTON was platted in 1805 by National Road. TOUR BUSES PROHIBITED. 21 years after President Thomas Jefferson 1. FAIRVIEW — Off I-70 W, Exit 198 - Fairview is a credited with the National Road coming through Ohio. and environmental educational laboratory with an George and Henry Beymer on the Zane’s Trace signed legislation to build the nation’s first pike town where the original National Road entered He occasionally lodged excellent trail system through the woods. Major which was cut through the area. Old Washington is (18.7 miles) interstate highway linking the eastern seaboard the eastern end of Guernsey County in 1827. A here at the Hays Tavern James W. Moore’s daughter, Mrs. Edward Wallace, listed on the National Register of Historic Places 15. FOUR MILE HILL — (Craig Settlement) Old flood of traffic heading (no longer standing) donated this land to the district in 1955. (Take with the western frontier. because of the large number of pre-Civil War buildings. National Rd. & U.S. 40. This section of the old West brought diverse when traveling from his time to follow a trail.) The National Road began in Cumberland, On July 24, 1863 General John National Road has a serpentine shape. It was cultures and prosperity to Kentucky home to (13.1 miles) Maryland in 1811 and continued through Hunt Morgan and his Confederate designed this way to lessen the incline for horses Guernsey County. Washington D. C. 8. CREIGHTON HOUSE — Easton Rd., at Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana and Cavalry arrived in Old Washington pulling heavy loads. Fairview boasted a The people were so Elizabethtown - Creighton House was a wagon Illinois. It was completed across Guernsey and fought the only CIVIL WAR Miners’ early homes and a small pond, the pennyroyal distillery. grateful to Clay that, it is said, he could travel from and drove-stand. The house has been altered County, Ohio in 1828. Once opened, the coming skirmish on the NATIONAL ROAD result of a strip mine pit, can be seen on this Pennyroyal herb oil was one end of the Ohio National Road to the other and over the years. It is one of a few surviving National of westward emigrants, stagecoach travelers, in OHIO. stretch of the Old National Road. valued for its medicinal purpose. Pennyroyal oil and find tollgates and taverns opened free to him. Road wagon and drove-stands. teamsters and local traffic spurred town (Old Washington Walking Tour tobacco, another “cash crop,” were shipped by big A feature of Middlebourne is the United Methodist Great Conestoga wagons drawn by six building. Soon, travelers could find a place to horses, loaded with farm products for the east or Pamphlet can be picked up at 15A. COOK RUN STONE BRIDGE — (Circa 1828) freight wagons on the Old National Road to the Church founded in 1840. The building features merchandise for the Chancy’s Market.) U.S. 40 & Cooks Run Rd. - During the course of eat, sleep or have wagon repairs done every eastern markets. hand hewed pews with central dividers to separate west, would pull into the development and creation of U.S. 40 in 1936 few miles. These “pike towns” served the needs The Pennyroyal Opera House (1830) was formally men and women. Today it is a focal point of this the yard for the night. this bridge was abandoned, as were many other of local farmers, too. They could receive their a Presbyterian Church. Bluegrass concerts are now village. Drovers of cattle, sheep 11. OLD WASHINGTON CEMETERY — Old National stone bridges along the National Road. Workmen mail, shop and ship their produce easily along held in the Opera House. (9.0 miles) or hogs would herd Rd., west to Morgan’s Way, south to Old Mill Road for Southeastern Equipment Company uncovered the National Road. With the coming of the (The Fairview Post Office, open Mon. - Sat., 9:00 You will pass Carlisle Cemetery where Major their stock into the - Old Washington Cemetery overlooks the village this keystone type bridge in 2002. railroads in the 1850’s, the road began to decline. am - 6:00 pm, has information on both the Bluegrass James W. Moore and Hannah M. Carlisle Moore are drove-lots to be fed. below. A Civil War Marker, “Morgan’s Raid in Old Cook Run was named after Captain Thomas Named U.S. 40 in the 1920’s, the road was a Concert Schedule & Pennyroyal Reunion. The buried. Major James W. Moore was a Union Officer Drovers bought Washington,” stands near the area where three Cook, Sr. Captain Cook was born in 1749. Early major east-west travel route until surpassed reunion is held the third Sat. in August.) in the Civil War. stock from the farmers and took it afoot to the Confederate soldiers are interred. in the Revolutionary War he joined the 8th by Interstate 70 in the 1960’s. Amish farms & horse drawn buggies can also (0.5 miles) eastern markets. They often paid no more than General James Murrell Shackelford, a Union Pennsylvania Regiment and soon became a The National Road in Guernsey County is a be seen on your way to the Salt Fork “S” Bridge. 2. SCENIC DRIVE — Continue west through Fairview two or three cents a pound for hogs and cattle Cavalry Officer, gathered his troops at Cemetery Captain under Col. Daniel Broadhead. For his journey through our county’s growth. The to Whitely Rd., west to Pisgah Rd., south to and a dollar or two each for fat sheep. Since it Hill. The Union Troops began firing on the service he was given a warrant for 300 acres (9.5 miles) county’s rich cultural heritage is reflected in Bridgewater Rd., west to Middlebourne. You will be was not profitable to drive herds of fewer than Confederates in the Village below, causing General of land in the Military District. Captain Cook built a 5. SALT FORK “S” BRIDGE — (Circa 1828) the historic architecture and agricultural traveling on two lane rural 100, most frequently the number was 200 or more. John Hunt Morgan’s retreat. home on the site of the Ross farm; he farmed, Bridgewater Rd. & Blend Rd. (Old National Rd.) The scenery as seen while passing through the roads. Enjoy Guernsey In good weather many drovers detoured on (15.3 miles) kept a tavern and store. On Oct. 5, 1812, Salt Fork “S” Bridge was pike towns and countryside. Antique shops, County’s rural farms and the Wheeling Rd. (Zane’s Trace), because the 12. AVOIDING THE TOLLGATE — The west- bound according to records in the courthouse, he paid so called because the locally operated restaurants and attractions rolling landscape. Watch loose stone of the Old National Road injured the travelers (wagoners, drovers with livestock, settlers) $1.84 for a license which authorized him to sell shape is somewhat like along the route will enhance the experience of for the grazing buffalo; feet of the stock. PRIVATE RESIDENCE . could choose the Zane Road or the Old National liquor at his tavern. Captain Cook died in 1831 the shape of that letter. traveling this historic highway. look for the Pisgah Church Road at this site. The Old National Road passed by and is buried in Old Founders’ Cemetery, Drive your car over this and Cemetery. (14.2 miles) the tollgate in the Hyde Hill area, while the Zane Road Cambridge. Bridge as stagecoaches, 9. VALLEY SCHOOL — Located on Guernsey bypassed the tollgate. Fines were imposed on Thomas Cook, Jr., was given the title to the Enjoy your tour. Conestoga wagons with County Fairgrounds - Valley School was a typical travelers caught avoiding tollgates. farm in 1823. His 1832 Account Book states the hopeful settlers, freight (7.2 miles) one room school built (Circa 1903) in Wills following: the original spelling and capitalization Old National Road Tour signs wagons pulled by mules, peddlers, drovers with 3. BRIDGEWATER - Township on County Home Road. The National Road cuts through a hill called Deep have been retained. and this map will direct you their livestock, foot travelers and mounted riders A Tollhouse and “S” Bridge The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was unique Cut, located west of the Deep Cut Tavern. An Postage on 3 Letters $0.43 3/4 through Guernsey County, once did.TOUR BUSES PROHIBITED. once stood in this area. in America’s early history by its insistence that excavation of this magnitude in 1827 with mattocks William Wood Hase Dug Cole 3 days $1.50 Ohio’s National Road Tour. You The tollhouse was moved Continue west on Bridgewater Rd. to Sites #6 & #7. public schools be established. and shovels was quite a feat. Isaac Simons to one drink $0.06 1/4 will be traveling on two lane to Middlebourne and later Mrs. Wilma Wigginton (17.1 miles) Bording William Wood 4 meles $0.25 paved and secondary roads. destroyed (2002). The “S” (10.2 miles) and a group of 13. HYDE HILL TAVERN — Located on Wardeska Of McCracken 8 yards of calico $2.00 Interpretive Plaques will be Bridge is buried under 6. MAJOR MOORE’S HOME - Silverleaf Lane - This Guernsey County Ln., off U.S. 40 (across from Hidden Acres Sign) - For 6 lb pickle Pork $0.25 installed at most Historic Sites Interstate 70. is a handsome brick house on the National Road. school teachers saved The Hyde Hill Tavern (a in the near future. Major James W. Moore was a Union Officer in the Valley School from painted white brick house) (Return to 40E. for Site #16.) (7.5 miles) Civil War assigned to the destruction by moving it received patronage from 16. RAILROAD/MINING DISPLAY — Off U.S. 40 4. MIDDLEBOURNE - Bridgewater Rd. - Middlebourne 97th Ohio Volunteer to the Fairgrounds. horseback riders, Gas stations with snacks and beverages: Railroads monopolized the region’s commercial was laid out on the approach of the National Road in Infantry. He married (This school is opened pedestrians & stagecoach • Quaker City Exit, between Sites #3 & #4. traffic by the 1850’s. Some National Road towns, September, 1827. Entire communities grew up near Hannah M. Carlisle Sept. for tours during the Guernsey County Fair in early passengers traveling on • Old Washington Exit, Site #10. bypassed by the railroad, became culturally and these early travelers’ stops, acquiring the name pike 13, 1864 and settled on September.) the Old National Road. economically isolated. towns. this 400 acre homestead. Taverns were needed for Gas stations, restaurants, area lodging & shops: Vintage cabooses on tracks and a recently PRIVATE RESIDENCE. the many making frequent stops for food and rest. • Cambridge Historic District, Site #18 built train station can be viewed at this site.