Reuse and Restoration إعادة االستخدام والترميم
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In Ancient Egypt
THE ROLE OF THE CHANTRESS ($MW IN ANCIENT EGYPT SUZANNE LYNN ONSTINE A thesis submined in confonnity with the requirements for the degm of Ph.D. Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civiliations University of Toronto %) Copyright by Suzanne Lynn Onstine (200 1) . ~bsPdhorbasgmadr~ exclusive liceacc aiiowhg the ' Nationai hiof hada to reproduce, loan, distnia sdl copies of this thesis in miaof#m, pspa or elccmnic f-. L'atm criucrve la propri&C du droit d'autear qui protcge cette thtse. Ni la thèse Y des extraits substrrntiets deceMne&iveatetreimprimCs ouraitnmcrtrepoduitssanssoai aut&ntiom The Role of the Chmaes (fm~in Ancient Emt A doctorai dissertacion by Suzanne Lynn On*, submitted to the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 200 1. The specitic nanire of the tiUe Wytor "cimûes", which occurrPd fcom the Middle Kingdom onwatd is imsiigated thrwgh the use of a dalabase cataloging 861 woinen whheld the title. Sorting the &ta based on a variety of delails has yielded pattern regatding their cbnological and demographical distribution. The changes in rhe social status and numbers of wbmen wbo bore the Weindicale that the Egyptians perceivecl the role and ams of the titk âiffefcntiy thugh tirne. Infomiation an the tities of ihe chantressw' family memkrs bas ailowed the author to make iderences cawming llse social status of the mmen who heu the title "chanms". MiMid Kingdom tifle-holders wverc of modest backgrounds and were quite rare. Eighteenth DMasty women were of the highest ranking families. The number of wamen who held the titk was also comparatively smaii, Nimeenth Dynasty women came [rom more modesi backgrounds and were more nwnennis. -
House of Eternity: Tomb of Nefertari
- - - OUSE OF ETERNITY The Tomb of Nefertari John K. McDonald The Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles Cover/title page: Detail a/Queen Nefertari 0/'1 the north wall of Chamber G. All photographs are by Guillermo Aldana unless credited otherwise. The Getty Conservation Institute works internationally to further the appreciation and preservation of the world's cultural heritage for the enrichment and use of present and future generations. This is the first volume in the Conservation and Cultural Heritage series, which aims to provide in a popular format information about selected culturally significant sites throughout the world. © 1996 The J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved Printed in Singapore Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDonald. John K. House of eternity: the tomb of Nefertari I John K. McDonald. p. cm. ISBN 0-89236-415-7 1. Nefertari. Queen. consort of Rameses II. King of Egypt-Tomb. 2. Mural painting and decoration. Egyptian. 3. Tombs-Egypt. 4. Valley of the Queens (Egypt) I. Title. DT73· v34M35 1996 932-dc20 96-24123 C1P Contents Foreword 5 Introduction Dynasties of Ancient Egypt II Nefertari: Radiant Queen A Letter from Nefertari The Queen's Titles and Epithets 19 The Valley of the Queens Ernesto Schiaparelli 25 Conveyance to Eternal Life: The Royal Tombs of Egypt Tomb Paints and Materials 33 The Tomb Builders' Village 37 After Nefertari's Burial 41 Resurrection and Recurrent Risks 47 The King of the Dead and His Divine Family Divine Guidance 55 Among the Immortals: A Walk through the "House of Eternity" The Texts in the Tomb III Conclusion 116 Acknowledgments II HOUSE OF ETER ITY an honored and < > beloved queen, still in the prime of earthly existence, set off upon a voyage to the netherworld, in quest of eternal life. -
The Theban Necropolis Preservation Initiative
THE THEBAN NECROPOLIS PRESERVATION INITIATIVE FACTUM FOUNDATION AND THE UNIVERSITY OF BASEL WORKING WITH THE MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND ANTIQUITIES A REPORT ON THE WORK COMPLETED IN THE TOMB OF SETI I UP TO SEPTEMBER 2020 2 1 THE THEBAN NECROPOLIS PRESERVATION INITIATIVE FACTUM FOUNDATION AND THE UNIVERSITY OF BASEL WORKING WITH THE MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND ANTIQUITIES A REPORT ON THE WORK COMPLETED IN THE TOMB OF SETI I UP TO SEPTEMBER 2020 Under the patronage of Detail from the ceiling of the Sarcophagus Room in the tomb of Seti I, recorded in 2019. TABLE OF CONTENTS This book is dedicated to the memory of Ayman THE THEBAN NECROPOLIS PRESERVATION INITIATIVE 5 Introduction 5 Mohamed Ibrahim, the former inspector of the Recording Progress: Lucida 3D Scanner 8 Valley of the Kings who understood the importance Recording Progress: Photogrammetry 10 of the work of the Theban Necropolis Preservation Recording Progress: Panoramic Colour Photography 12 Initiative and spoke about it with eloquence. Recording Progress: LiDAR 3D Scanning 14 Background: work in Luxor since 2001 19 Aims of the TNPI 22 The 3D Scanning, Training and Archiving Centre 25 Team Members: selected biographies 26 Training Program: September 2019 - September 2020 29 Scanning completed in the Tomb of Seti, September 2019- September 2020 31 Recording the fragments of the Tomb of Seti I 33 “The educational impact [of Factum’s digitisations and A new use for a facsimile in the Theban Necropolis: a collaboration with CSIC 37 facsimiles] for the general public is indisputible: now Summary of current position and future steps September 2019 - September 2020 39 scholars have to face the challenge of inserting these new SYSTEMS FOR DATA CAPTURE, PROCESSING AND STORAGE 43 tools into their research and exploiting their potential, LiDAR 45 before they are once more outwitted by commercial Lucida 3D Scanner 47 applications. -
149 Original Article MONTU, the ORIGIN of a SACRED NETWORK
id1575000 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies "EJARS" An International peer-reviewed journal published bi-annually Volume 7, Issue 2, December - 2017: pp: 149-160 www. ejars.sohag-univ.edu.eg Original article MONTU, THE ORIGIN OF A SACRED NETWORK Soliman, R. Tourism Guidance dept., Faculty of Archaeology & Tourism Guidance, Misr Univ. for Sciences & Technology, 6th October City, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Received 11/5/2017 Accepted 2/12/2017 Abstract A key issue in understanding the sacred landscape of Thebes is the origin of god Montu and how his cult, and system of temples, changed through time and in relationship to other gods. He had several temples built for him in the Theban region including those at the closely connected sites of Armant and Tod south of Thebes, and also at Medamoud north-east of Karnak. One aspect of Montu is his division into multiple forms, particularly visible by the time of the new kingdom where he can manifest himself in the form of four Montus connected with the four primary cult places of the Theban nome: Thebes proper, Tod, Armant and Medamoud. A network that could imply an originally linked series of Theban religious sites defined by the rituals and festivals dedicated to Montu. The evolution of Montu within a cultic and temple framework of the Theban nome is an issue yet to be resolved. However, the comparatively limited state of excavation and publication of these sites complicates the analysis and has led to various controversies such as that regarding the specific origin of Montu. -
Sample Text Template
SHIP OF THE GOD: THE AMUN-USERHET IN NEW KINGDOM EGYPT A Thesis by MEGAN ELIZABETH COLLIER Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Chair of Committee, Shelley Wachsmann Committee Members, Deborah Carlson Kevin Glowacki Head of Department, Cynthia Werner December 2013 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2013 Megan Elizabeth Collier ABSTRACT The Amun-Userhet was a ship which played a crucial role in the development of religious thought in New Kingdom Egypt. The pharaoh and his entourage sailed down the Nile on its deck as part of a religious celebration called the Opet festival. This festival commemorated the annual renewal of the royal Ka and reinforced the order of the universe. This ship was the bridge between the human world and the divine. No one has found any archaeological remains of the ship, but iconography, artifacts that would have adorned a miniature version of the Amun-Userhet, and written sources offer an accurate depiction. From this evidence we know that this ship was gilded and covered in precious gems. It also had a specific formula of symbols attached to it that can give us insight into its function in New Kingdom religion. Through the review of the surviving iconography, artifacts, and written accounts of the Amun-Userhet, this thesis looks at the role this ship played in the development of New Kingdom religion. This ship was not only the bridge between the human and divine, but was also the bridge between the state religion of the Old and Middle Kingdom and the new idea of personal piety that arose in the New Kingdom. -
The Decorated North Wall in the Tomb of Tutankhamun (Kv 62)
AMARNA ROYAL TOMBS PROJECT VALLEY OF THE KINGS Occasional Paper No. 3 THE DECORATED NORTH WALL IN THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN (KV 62) (THE BURIAL OF NEFERTITI? II) By Nicholas Reeves, FSA With A Review of the Geophysical Data By George Ballard, FRICS THE DECORATED NORTH WALL IN THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN (KV 62) (THE BURIAL OF NEFERTITI? II) ABSTRACT This paper revisits an earlier discussion, The Burial of Nefertiti? (ARTP Occasional Paper No. 1), to consider in greater detail the painted north wall in the Burial Chamber (room J) of Tutankhamun’s tomb (KV 62). The changes imposed upon this wall’s three separate scenes are here identified and analysed, and the conclusions found to support the view that KV 62 – architecturally the sepulchre of a queen – had been both intended and employed for the burial of Nefertiti in her capacity as Akhenaten’s heir, Smenkhkare-djeserkheperu. The manner in which this tomb’s outer chambers were adapted and pressed into service for Tutankhamun’s use a decade later – leaving its original occupant in place and undisturbed – is clearly established. In a supplement to this study, George Ballard – a leading authority on the use of radar and other remote-sensing technologies in the investigation of historic buildings and structures – provides an independent review of the principal geophysical investigations carried out within and around KV 62 since 2015. Contrary to earlier assessments, Ballard is able to conclude that the data collected is both broadly consistent and essentially in line with archaeological indicators and expectations. Nicholas Reeves, BA PhD FSA, is an archaeologist and Egyptologist, Director of the Amarna Royal Tombs Project, Valley of the Kings, and a senior associate of the University of Arizona Egyptian Expedition. -
Between Thebes and Elephantine: Busy Lives of Egyptian Officials
Originalveröffentlichung in: Alejandro Jiménez-Serrano und Cornelius von Pilgrim (Hg.): From the Delta to the Cataract. Studies Dedicated to Mohamed el-Bialy, Leiden & Boston 2015, S. 12–23 CHAPTER2 Between Thebes and Elephantine: Busy Lives of Egyptian Officials Julia Budka Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Abstract (_j O-a® L» jjj! IJ-* lj*! L»-* I (j* 0»-lj 4)1 X/C mj <Uj A a !I^^4* (_j (_-SJ^** J»\ (jjj- »«-o 'I(JJl- (_j<ij»i-^)l !j*^-*i-j . j>l(J>[o^*(j*'-J' ,l-\>'*-LlyjLj4-i»c«Jlol.sL*!l<J.iLj jv>t>o)l(Jl/'l^^(j\S^JLoJliiU J$j<> jLt*»JI 4JaO Vl^jJajjoJljj-9 lifi^ VI jl <ol>*<'L-J^ *■ • *■ Ij>I OI2LaP <ci>tJI 43jjll^. ALj . ^ V-JI 4S_jsX* <-V -» UaX>1 L-JLo 0!£"* <_£JuJI»^^yasOLISU^Oi&jp)__p<a»J I (jj jOL 10 l(_^p L* IjiSj^XXn) l^ OjO .4i-tJ-l a Ij jJ I^-aP^bJl <Os Iuj (jooJI^(_j VjL*lOl <*J olSj <uJ>(j*(_jl Lj! I^^p(Jj^_»«J a J l>. 4—> I j j^t-oj LoS 4X>-jjj<_£jj>- . » jus JJidl »L> IjLuj i_Ji^ (jvjL VI (jciLjLI JO^*110(^4*) 4 > l?> (J Ij L-^Jsj. J, [» Jj*) I o lojj L fcj <j^J [ <j <jL>j! I u^*i L-5C* ^j^L-^-Oj I ^j* (_£j»- I Ij* (_j j Ua> I4! -Ojs (_£ jj^ L-ISL-J lj> VI OIJ Lap . Au-lal I L_$j I J'jjc* 4_w«lp_JI j*OS- #lil - <_£ ij jl fcTjb->J!(^ <C-1> W> (_j!l (J^j-a JI JI.-j^Ljj ^a* *■ ! I jjb 4jjj ^I (j*J • 4J>mJI 4fl.3j~**J ■S_/*! I jJsjL <_£j*as \jljI 4UaP- V (j<_jj lj (jj jL—JJ _^>- Jj*JI SLA-I JaOJ S^^L* • Ipj I 4~«>-(_j <tJaJ Oj_l jC*JI (JjL—Jldi!i(_^jj>- .l>j^L^*4>^jo>tJI Ja >4>-*j^pl^-la:...iL_*_^Lol£L-£>VJi-jl >«L(j«l$Lol Dlp l$xS3 Ijili 'jL* O-—^J (jCOsJ(3 c£ ‘-C^5 4C*0i-j (_^JaJI .<j* LJI jj*jr^S^-4p »j^»-4->-U-l 4lj-t! I__^-aP (_j » j L *^i! © KONINKLIJKE BRILL NV, LEIDEN, 2015 | DOI 10.1163/9789004293458_003 BETWEEN THEBES AND ELEPHANTINE 13 My first encounter with Mohamed el-Bialy was in 2002, during his time as the Director General of the West Bank, on the occasion of my initial campaign working on material from Austrian excavations in the Asasif. -
Decoding the Medinet Habu Inscriptions: the Ideological Subtext of Ramesses III’S War Accounts
Peters 1 Decoding the Medinet Habu Inscriptions: The Ideological Subtext of Ramesses III’s War Accounts Abstract: The temple of Medinet Habu in Thebes stands as Ramesses III‘s lasting legacy to Ancient Egyptian history. This monumental structure not only contained luxury goods within, but also a goldmine of information inscribed on its outside walls. Here, Ramesses adorned the temple with stories of military campaigns he led against enemies in the north who hoped to gain control of Egypt. These war accounts have posed a series of problems to modern scholars. Today, the debate still rages over how the inscriptions should be interpreted. This work analyzes Ramesses‘s records through the lens of socioeconomic decline that occurred during his rule in order to demonstrate the role ideology—namely ma‘at—played in his self-representation and his methodology to ensure and legitimize his rule during these precarious times. Scott M. Peters Senior Thesis, Department of History Columbia College, Columbia University April 2011 Advisors: Professor Marc Van De Mieroop and Professor Martha Howell Word Count: 17,070 (with footnotes + bibliography included) Peters 2 Figure 1: Map of Ancient Egypt with key sites. Image reproduced from Marc Van De Mieroop, A History of Ancient Egypt (Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011), 28. Peters 3 Introduction When describing his victory over invading forces in the north of Egypt, Ramesses III, ruler at the time, wrote: …Those who came on land were overthrown and slaughtered…Amon-Re was after them destroying them. Those who entered the river mouths were like birds ensnared in the net…their leaders were carried off and slain. -
Illuminating the Path of Darkness
ILLUMINATING THE PATH OF DARKNESS: Social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Meghan E. Strong Girton College University of Cambridge January 2018 Illuminating the path of darkness: social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt Meghan E. Strong ABSTRACT Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials- based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology. -
Palace and Temple Edited by Rolf Gundlach and Kate Spence
KÖNIGTUM, STAAT UND GESELLSCHAFT FRÜHER HOCHKULTUREN 4,2 5. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie/ 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology Palace and Temple Edited by Rolf Gundlach and Kate Spence Harras sowitz Verlag KÖNIGTUM, STAAT UND GESELLSCHAFT FRÜHER HOCHKULTUREN Herausgegeben von Rolf Gundlach, Detlev Kreikenbom und Mechthild Schade-Busch 4,2 Beiträge zur altägyptischen Königsideologie Herausgegeben von Horst Beinlich, Rolf Gundlach und Ursula Rößler-Köhler 2011 Harrassowitz Verlag • Wiesbaden 5. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie/ 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology Palace and Temple Architecture - Decoration - Ritual Cambridge, July, 16th-17th, 2007 Edited by Rolf Gundlach and Kate Spence 2011 Harrassowitz Verlag • Wiesbaden The proceedings of the first three Symposien zur ägyptischen Königsideologie are published in volume 36, part 1, 2 and 3 of the series „Ägypten und Altes Testament". Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsehe Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie: detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Bibliographie information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothck lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie: detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. For further information about our publishing program consult our website http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, -
Nefertiti? Nile
NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #14 | JUNE–JULY 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ DiscoverDiscover AncientAncient EgyptEgypt TodayToday THE FACE OF NEFERTITI? NILE © L A B O R A T O R IO R O S S O , V IT E R B O / I TA LY s Howard Carter care- that golden fully lifted away the wrappings amulets such from the mummy of Tutankha- as this “would A mun, he encountered over 150 ensure the king’s golden amulets and collars, ritually put in place to transformation from keep the young king safe from harm in the netherworld. death to immortality—if in a rather dif- Carter labelled this stunning example a “gold collar of Buto ferent way from that originally imagined.” This beautiful [Wadjet] and Nekhbet, cut out of sheet gold, with details piece is part of the King Tut: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh finely chased.” exhibition currently showing in Los Angeles—the largest Almost 30 cm across, this golden collar was carefully collection of Tutankhamun artefacts to ever tour the globe. arranged so that Nekhbet’s wings curled protectively over Popularly known as the Two Ladies (or Nebti) Collar the king’s shoulders, thereby shielding his upper chest and (Acc. No. JE 61916/GEM 10927), it will eventually join the the base of his neck. Attached. to the wing-tips by means rest of the Tutankhamun collection at its new home—the of gold wire is a menat t 1 ] Z , a counterpoise used to long-awaited Grand Egyptian Museum. keep heavy collars from sliding down the neck. In its talons, You can find out more about King Tut: Treasures of the the vulture holds the hieroglyphic symbol for eternity, shen Golden Pharaoh at californiasciencecenter.org, and also check ) , forever granting the king the goddess’ protection. -
Egyptian Ramses
IMAGES OF POWER: NEW KINGDOM EGYPT: FOCUS (Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel) TITLE or DESIGNATION: Temple of Ramses II CULTURE or ART HISTORICAL PERIOD: New Kingdom Egyptian DATE: c. 1290- 1224 B.C.E. LOCATION: Abu Simbel, Egypt ONLINE ASSIGNMENT: https://www.khanacadem y.org/test-prep/ap-art- history/ancient- mediterranean- AP/ancient-egypt- AP/v/ancient-thebes- unescotbs TITLE or DESIGNATION: Temple of Amun-Re CULTURE or ART HISTORICAL PERIOD: New Kingdom Egyptian DATE: c. 1550-1250 B.C.E. LOCATION: Karnak, Egypt IMAGES OF POWER: NEW KINGDOM EGYPT: SELECTED TEXT (Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel) TEMPLE OF RAMSES II at ABU SIMBEL and the TEMPLE OF AMUN-RE at KARNAK Online Links: Abu Simbel temples - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ramesses II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia You Tube - Moving Temple of Ramses II You Tube - Abu Simbel Smarthistory - Ramessess II You Tube Abu - Simbel Temple Moved Temple of Amun - Video by AsiaTravel Introduction to the Temple of Karnak - UCLA pdf Opet Festival at Karnak and Ramesseum - YouTube (Reimagined Drawings in Video) Temple of Ramses II (Abu Simbel), c. 1290-1224 BCE In the course of his long and prosperous reign, Ramesses II initiated building projects on a scale rivaling the Old Kingdom pyramids at Giza. The most awe-inspiring of his many architectural monuments is found at Abu Simbel in Nubia, Egypt’s southernmost region. There Ramesses ordered the construction of two temples, a large one to himself and a smaller one to his chief wife, Nefertari. Like Hatshepsut’s funerary temple at Deir el-Bahri, the monumental grandeur of the king’s temple communicates to the viewer a sense of unlimited majesty.