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Hilbers Antonis.Pdf Erschriebenes Leben Fortgesetzte Erinnerung und Identitätssuche in der Literatur Michel del Castillos Tanguy, Le crime des pères, Rue des Archives vorgelegt von M.A. Antonis Hilbers aus Düsseldorf Vom Institut für Romanische Literaturwissenschaft am Fachbereich 1 der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Philosophie -Dr. phil.- genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Werner Dahlheim Berichter: Prof. Dr. Monika Walter Berichter: Prof. Dr. Peter Brockmeier Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 24.10. 2000 Berlin 2001 D 83 2 Danksagung Mein Dank gilt zunächst Prof. Dr. Monika Walter vom Institut für Romanische Literaturwissenschaft an der TU Berlin, die mein Zweitstudium der Romanistik und meine Dissertation betreut hat. Ihr interdisziplinäres Interesse bescherte mir Hinweise aus der Theorie, die auch über das Kerngebiet der Literaturwissenschaft hinausgingen und mir in entscheidender Weise genützt haben. Prof. Dr. Peter Brockmeier von der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin danke ich für die Übernahme der Zweitkorrektur, für seine Gesprächsbereitschaft in jeder Phase des Projekts und für die Ermöglichung der Teilnahme an seinem Doktorandencolloquium. Besonders möchte ich auch meinem wichtigsten Lehrer aus dem Geschichtsstudium, Prof. Dr. Werner Dahlheim, dafür danken, den Vorsitz im Promotionsausschuß übernommen zu haben. Er zeigte überdies stets die Bereitschaft, mich bei Fragen und Problemen, die über die Prüfung weit hinausgingen, zu beraten. Dem Goethe-Institut, besonders Katrin Eiben, danke ich für die zeitweilige Freistellung von meinen Terminen für das Kulturprogramm. Ein großer Dank gebührt denjenigen, die sich viel Zeit für ein gründliches Korrekturlesen meiner Arbeit genommen haben, allen voran Dr. Irene Wiegand, Ulli Köppchen und Nele Finger. Sie haben mir mit ihrem aufrichtigen Interesse am Inhalt dieser Arbeit viel Mut gemacht und mit ihren scharfsinnigen Kommentaren zum Gelingen ein wichtiges Stück beigetragen. Nicht zuletzt möchte ich meiner Freundin Antje und von meinen Freunden, insbesondere Heike Rapsch danken, die sich viel Zeit für mich genommen haben und sich manches Problem anhören mußten. Meinen Eltern danke ich für die nie versiegende finanzielle Unterstützung, ohne die ich die Dissertation kaum in einem halbwegs vernünftigen zeitlichen Rahmen hätte beenden können. Meiner Mutter danke ich besonders für ihre rückhaltlose moralische Unterstützung. Ihr ist die Arbeit gewidmet. 3 Abstract in deutscher Sprache Titel der Studie: Erschriebenes Leben. Fortgesetzte Erinnerung und Identitätssuche in der Literatur Michel del Castillos. Tanguy, Le crime des pères, Rue des Archives. Die vorliegende Dissertation schließt eine doppelte Forschungslücke: zum einen wird erstmals im Bereich der deutschsprachigen Romanistik dem Werk des 1933 in Madrid geborenen und seit 1957 im französischen Literaturbetrieb fortwährend präsenten Autors Michel del Castillo eine monographische Studie gewidmet. Zum anderen han- delt es sich um die erste Arbeit überhaupt, die das Frühwerk (den Hypotext Tanguy, 1957) mit dem Spätwerk del Castillos (den Hypertexten Le crime des pères, 1993 und Rue des Archives, 1994) intratextuell verknüpft und somit die Möglichkeit bietet, die verschiedenen Stufen und Ebenen seines Schreibprojektes nachzuvollziehen. Die ambivalente oder hybride Literaturform del Castillos, die sich zwischen narrativer Fiktion und persönlicher Erfahrung bewegt, ist dabei die passende Möglichkeit für die authenti- sche Kreation eines Grenzgängers zwischen Kulturen einerseits und Imaginationen und Realitäten andererseits. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit erweitert die Theorie der Autobiographie (Philippe Lejeune) und Autofiktion (Serge Doubrovsky) um die Überlegungen des Neuropsychologen John Kotre zur menschlichen Gedächtnisarbeit. Lejeune selbst gibt zu bedenken, daß die permanent neu überarbeiteten Rohfassungen des eigenen Lebens ein allgemeines anthropologisches Faktum sind, dessen Analyse die Grenzen der Literaturwissenschaft überschreitet. Das Herzstück der Arbeit besteht aus der Anwendung dieser Theorien auf die Roman- analyse. Dabei wird neben den o.g. Romanen ein wesentlicher Teil der Werke del Castillos, in denen er die persönliche Dramatik seiner ersten zwanzig Lebensjahre immer wieder neu auslotet, hinzugezogen. Diese Lebensphase ist geprägt von einer nachhaltigen Entwurzelung durch kollektive Katastrophen wie Krieg, Exil, Internierung und individueller familiärer Desintegration. Die Analyse zeigt, daß die wirkungsvoll gestalteten autodiegetischen Romane und Essays del Castillos einen einzigen, immer 4 weiter fortgeschriebenen Text bilden, mit denen der Autor eine gewisse Kohärenz seines Lebens „erschreibt“, aber auch Widersprüche aus früheren Texten aufdeckt. Aus dem verstümmelten Lebenstext, dem „texte altéré“, soll am Ende möglichst ein identitässtiftender „récit organique“ werden, der aber nicht mit einer Autobiographie zu verwechseln ist. Der Autor gewinnt neue Erkenntnisse hinzu, die den bisherigen Text “überschreiben“. Sinn und Bedeutung bestimmter Ereignisse werden neu interpretiert. Darin liegt die Faszination dieses Werkes, das einem lebendigen Organismus gleicht, der sich stets verändert. Der Leser kann den Autor/Erzähler bei diesem Prozeß begleiten. Die Studie ordnet zudem den sich kulturell zwischen Frankreich und Spanien bewe- genden del Castillo in die Gegenwartsliteratur ein. Vergleichend werden, auch darin betritt die Arbeit Neuland, sowohl die Spanien-Emigranten Juan Goytisolo und Jorge Semprún herangezogen, als auch der ebenfalls um eine Identitätssuche bemühte Patrick Modiano, dessen Erzählkonzept und labyrinthische Werkstruktur mit dem del Castillos vergleichbar ist. 5 Abstract in English Title of the publication: Written life. Continious recollection and search for identity in the literature of Michel del Castillo. Tanguy, Le crime des pères, Rue des Archives. The dissertation in question satisfies two as yet unfulfilled research aims. For the first time in the field of Romance Philology in Germany, a monographic study is being dedicated to the work of the author Michel del Castillo, born in Madrid in 1933 and constantly present in the French literary scene since 1957. Secondly, this is the very first analysis which intratextually connects Castillo´s early work (the hypotext Tanguy, 1957) with the late work (the hypertexts Le crime des pères, 1993 and Rue des Archives, 1994), thus rendering the different steps and levels of his autodiegetic writing project comprehensible. Castillo´s ambivalent or hybrid literary form which oscillates between narrative fiction and personal experience is the adequate form for the authentic creation of a man both between cultural frontiers an between imaginations and realities. The theoretical part of the anlysis extends upon autobiographical theory (Philippe Lejeune) and autofiction (Serge Doubrovsky) as well on the reflections of the neuropsychologist John Kotre on the work of human memory. Lejeune himself considers that permanently revised drafts of one´s own life are a general anthropological fact, the analysis of which goes above and beyond the frontiers of literary research. The core of the publication consists of the application of these theories to the analysis of the novels. For this, the aforementioned novels, as well as a greater part of del Castillo´s works in which he continually sounds the first twenty years of his life, are taken into consideration. This phase of his life is characterized by sustained rootlessness through collective catastrophes such as war, exile, internment and individual disintegration within the family. The analysis shows that del Castillo´s effectively fashioned autodiegetic novels and essays constitute one text which is constantly continued and with which the author “writes” his life with a certain coherence 6 whilst also uncovering contradictions from earlier texts. The mutilated life-text, the “texte altéré”, should finally develop into a “récit organique” which should not however be confused with an autobiography. The author gains new insights, thus “writing over” the previous text. Sense and meaning of particular events are interpreted anew. That is the fascination of a work which resembles a living organism constantly in transformation. The reader can accompany the author/narrator in this process. This anlysis also classifies del Castillo, in his constant cultural oscillation between France and Spain, in the field of contemporary literature. Furthermore, it is new in that it compares and contrasts del Castillo with both the Spanisch emigrants Juan Goytisolo and Jorge Semprún, as well as with Patrick Modiano, who is constantly in search of his identity. His work possesses a concept of narration an labyrinthine structure similar to del Castillo´s. 7 Inhaltsverzeichnis DANKSAGUNG 2 ABSTRACT IN DEUTSCHER SPRACHE 3 ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH 5 I. EINLEITUNG 10 II. GRUNDLAGEN 19 1. Biographische Ursachen für das Schreibprojekt von Michel del Castillo 19 2. Die Literatur als Lebensader 26 3. Bisherige Rezeption 30 4. Eigener Ansatz und Textauswahl: intratextuelles Lesen 35 5. Einordnung: kulturelle und literaturgeschichtliche Ambivalenz bei M. del Castillo 40 III. DAS AUTOBIOGRAPHISCHE GEDÄCHTNIS: EIN STROM 52 1. Die Ambivalenz des retrospektiven und autodiegetischen Textes 52 2. Der Ansatz von John Kotre: Rekonstruktion statt Wiedererlangung 57 3. Das Gedächtnis als Archivwächter und Mythenschöpfer 60 4. Hierarchisieren und Reparieren: die Arbeitsweise des Gedächtnisses
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