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Deliverable D2 Deliverable D5 SAS 6 - 017759 ETHICBOTS Emerging Technoethics of Human Interaction with Communication, Bionic and Robotic Systems Coordination Action Structuring the European Research Area D5: Techno-Ethical Case-Studies in Robotics, Bionics, and Related AI Agent Technologies Due date of deliverable: April 30th, 2008 Actual submission date: April 27th, 2008 Start date of project: 1 November 2005 Duration: 24 months + 6 months extension University “Federico II”, Naples Revision: Final Project co-funded by the European Commission Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) x RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Emerging Technoethics of Human Interaction with Communication, Bionic and Robotic Systems Deliverable D5: Techno-Ethical Case-Studies in Robotics, Bionics, and related AI Agent Technologies Editors: Rafael Capurro, Guglielmo Tamburrini, Jutta Weber Co-author(s): Luca Botturi, Rafael Capurro, Francesco Donnarumma, Mark Gasson, Satinder Gill, Alessandro Giordani, Cecilia Laschi, Federica Lucivero, Christoph Pingel, Pericle Salvini, Matteo Santoro, Guglielmo Tamburrini, Kevin Warwick, Jutta Weber Project funded by the European Community as Coordination Action Contract SAS 6 Nr. 017759 Deliverable D5 Revision history Deliverable administration and summary Project acronym: Ethicbots ID: SAS-6-017759 Document identifier: Ethicbots-D5 Leading partner: University “Federico II” of Naples Report version: 8 Report preparation date: 27 april 2008 Classification: Confidential Nature: Deliverable Author(s) and contributors: Luca Botturi, Rafael Capurro, Francesco Donnarumma, Mark Gasson, Satinder Gill, Alessandro Giordani, Cecilia Laschi, Federica Lucivero, Christoph Pingel, Pericle Salvini, Matteo Santoro, Guglielmo Tamburrini, Jutta Weber, Kevin Warwick Status: Plan Draft Working X Final Submitted Approved The Ethicbots Consortium has addressed all comments received, making changes as necessary. Changes to this document are detailed in the change log table below. Date Edited by Status Changes made 01.04.07 Jutta Weber Plan Proposal: Outline of the structure 15.04.07 Christoph Pingel Plan Proposal: Outline of the structure 31.08.07 Jutta Weber Draft Proposal of methodology, draft of case studies on surgical robotics and UCAVs 07.01.08 Francesco Donnarumma Draft Added the D5.3.2 part Federica Lucivero, Guglielmo Tamburini 08.01.08 Cecilia Laschi, Draft Added the D5.2.5 part Pericle Salvini 24.01.08 Mark Gasson, Draft Added the D5.3.1 part Kevin Warwick 24.01.08 Luca Botturi, Draft Added the D5.4.1 part Alessandro Giordani 30.01.08 Luca Botturi, Draft Added the D5.4 preamble Alessandro Giordani 11.02.08 Luca Botturi, Draft Reviewed the D5.4 part Page 3/193 Status: Draft Version: 8 Date: 14.02.08 Deliverable D5 Alessandro Giordani 11.02.08 Satinder Gill Draft Added the D5.5 part 14.02.08 Jutta Weber Draft Completion of methodology, case studies on surgical robots (ROBODOC), UCAVs and Human-Robot Interaction 15.3.08 Guglielmo Tamburrini Draft Revised structure 15.4.08 Guglielmo Tamburrini, Draft Case study on learning robots inserted, outline of Matteo santoro general introduction Notice that other documents may supersede this document. A list of latest public Ethicbots deliverables can be found at the Ethicbots information server. Copyright This report is © Ethicbots Consortium 2008. Its duplication is restricted to the personal use within the consortium, funding agency and project reviewers. Citation Rafael Capurro, Guglielmo Tamburrini, Jutta Weber (editors), Luca Botturi, Francesco Donnarumma, Mark Gasson, Satinder Gill, Alessandro Giordani, Cecilia Laschi, Federica Lucivero, Christoph Pingel, Pericle Salvini, Matteo Santoro, Guglielmo Tamburrini, Jutta Weber, Kevin Warwick (authors), Deliverable D5 – Ethical issues in Brain Computer Interface Technologies. Ethicbots Consortium, c/o University “Federico II” of Naples Acknowledgements The work presented in this document has been conducted in the context of the EU Framework Programme No. 6 and is funded by the European Commission. Their support is appreciated. The partners in the project are: University "Federico II", Naples, Physical Science Department and Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Italy (coordinator) Page 4/193 Status: Draft Version: 8 Date: 14.02.08 Deliverable D5 Fraunhofer Institute for Autonomous intelligent Systems, Sankt Augustin, Germany Scuola di Robotica, Genova, Italy Institute of Applied Philosophy, Faculty of Theology, Lugano, Switzerland University of Reading, department of Cybernetics, UK Hochschule der Medien University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy University of Pisa, Department of Philosophy, Italy Middlesex University, Interaction Design Centre, School of Computing, London, UK More information Public Ethicbots reports and other information pertaining to the project are available through Ethicbots public information service under http://ethicbots.na.infn.it. Page 5/193 Status: Draft Version: 8 Date: 14.02.08 Deliverable D5 Table of contents Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................10 1.1 Goals of this deliverable .........................................................................................................................10 1.2. Background from D1, D2 and D4...........................................................................................................12 1.3 Overall methodological approach...........................................................................................................12 1.4 The methodology: Applied Socio-Ethics..................................................................................................14 2 ROBOTICS CASE-STUDIES...........................................................................................................................16 2.1 LEARNING ROBOTS AND RESPONSIBILITY................................................................................................................16 2.1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................16 2.1.2 The role of learning in service and personal robotics .........................................................................16 2.1.3 Background assumptions in machine learning ....................................................................................17 2.1.4 Epistemic risk for computational learning agents................................................................................19 2.1.5 Learning robots: is there a responsibility gap?....................................................................................24 2.1.6 The ethical sustainability of learning robots........................................................................................27 2.1.7 Recommendations.................................................................................................................................29 References......................................................................................................................................................30 2.2. MILITARY ROBOTICS: UNMANNED COMBAT AIR VEHICLES........................................................................................32 2.2.1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................32 2.2.3 Autonomous systems and responsibility in warfare..............................................................................36 2.2.4 Epistemology, Ethics and the Shaping of Technological warfare ......................................................39 2.2.5 Socio- Cultural issues and technological warfare................................................................................40 2.2.6 Legal and Economic issues...................................................................................................................41 2.2.7 Technology Design................................................................................................................................43 2.2.8 Recommendations................................................................................................................................43 2.3 HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION (HRI): SOCIAL COGNITIVE COMPANIONS...................................................................45 2.3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................45 2.3.2 The Ontological Level...........................................................................................................................49 2.3.3 The Ontological Level...........................................................................................................................50 2.3.4 The Socio-Cultural Level......................................................................................................................52 2.3.5 The Legal and Economic Levels...........................................................................................................54 2.3.6 The Level of Technology
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