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Reply Brief of Plaintiff-Appellant Oneida Nation

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Reply Brief of Plaintiff-Appellant Oneida Nation Case: 19-1981 Document: 45 Filed: 12/09/2019 Pages: 54 No. 19-1981 In the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ONEIDA NATION, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. VILLAGE OF HOBART, WISCONSIN, Defendant-Appellee. _______________________________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, No. 1:16-cv-01217-WCG. The Honorable William C. Griesbach, Judge Presiding. REPLY BRIEF OF PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT ONEIDA NATION ARLINDA F. LOCKLEAR (Counsel of Record) PAUL R. JACQUART 4113 Jenifer Street, NW JESSICA C. MEDERSON Washington, DC 20015 HANSEN REYNOLDS LLC (202) 237-0933 301 North Broadway, Suite 400 Milwaukee, WI 53202 JAMES R. BITTORF (414) 455-7676 KELLY M. MCANDREWS ONEIDA LAW OFFICE VANYA S. HOGEN N7210 Seminary Road WILLIAM A. SZOTKOWSKI P.O. Box 109 HOGEN ADAMS PLLC Oneida, WI 54155 1935 West County Rd. B2, Suite 460 (920) 869-4327 St. Paul, MN 55113 (651) 842-9100 Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellant COUNSEL PRESS ∙ (866) 703-9373 PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER Case: 19-1981 Document: 45 Filed: 12/09/2019 Pages: 54 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ........................................................................................................ iii ARGUMENT ..................................................................................................................................1 I. The Supreme Court has explicitly rejected the Village’s diminishment theory ......1 A. The Supreme Court has repeatedly construed the Dawes Act, and allotment of reservations thereunder, as leaving reservations intact............3 B. The Supreme Court has construed the Indian country statute to reject the Village’s distinction between non-Indian fee patents acquired from allottees and those acquired under a surplus lands act ............................................................................................................................9 C. The Supreme Court’s most recent case on reservation diminishment rejected the Village’s “extreme allotment” diminishment theory ...............12 II. The Village fails to identify an unequivocal, widely held view that the 1906 Oneida provision was intended to diminish the Reservation ..................................15 A. The Village cannot avoid the necessity of a clearly expressed congressional intent to diminish the Reservation. .........................................16 B. There is no indication in the 1906 Oneida Provision, much less a clear expression, of a congressional intent to diminish the Reservation ..............18 1. There is no statutory language evidencing an intent to diminish ....................................................................................................18 2. There is no widely-held, contemporaneous understanding of the 1906 Oneida Provision as intended to diminish ................................20 III. The Village’s revisionist history of the subsequent treatment of the Oneida Reservation cannot and does not support diminishment of the Reservation ........23 i Case: 19-1981 Document: 45 Filed: 12/09/2019 Pages: 54 A. Given the absence of a statutory basis for diminishment, the Court need not consider the subsequent history and United States’ treatment of the Reservation ...............................................................................................23 B. The historical record of subsequent treatment of the Reservation does not support the Village’s diminishment theory .............................................25 IV. The Village cannot raise its issue preclusion and exceptional circumstances claims in the absence of a cross-appeal and neither provides a basis to modify the judgment below ........................................................................................................31 A. The Village cannot seek affirmance on either issue preclusion or exceptional circumstances in the absence of a cross-appeal .........................32 B. There is no basis for affirming the judgment below based on the preclusive effect of the Stevens judgment or on claimed exceptional circumstances .......................................................................................................36 1. The Village failed to establish the elements of issue preclusion ......36 a. There is no identity of parties or interests ...............................36 b. There is no identity in issues .....................................................38 c. The issue here was not necessary to the Stevens judgment ......................................................................................39 d. Discretion counsels against issue preclusion ..........................40 2. The Village has not demonstrated the presence of exceptional circumstances ...........................................................................................42 CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................44 ii Case: 19-1981 Document: 45 Filed: 12/09/2019 Pages: 54 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) Cases: 1000 Friends of Wisconsin, Inc. v. United States Dep’t of Transportation, 860 F.3d 480 (7th Cir. 2017) ................................................................................................... 33 Apache Survival Coalition v. United States, 21 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 1994) ..................................................................................................... 38 Beardslee v. United States, 387 F.2d 280 (8th Cir. 1967) ..................................................................................................... 8 Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Ill. Foundation, 402 U.S. 313 (1971) .................................................................................................................. 36 Bobby v. Bies, 556 U.S. 825 (2009) .................................................................................................................. 40 California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987) ............................................................................................................ 35, 42 Chicago Truck Drivers, Helpers and Warehouse Union (Independent) Pension Fund v. Century Motor Freight, Inc. 125 F.3d 526 (7th Cir. 1997) ............................................................................................. 40, 41 Crot v. Byrne, 957 F.2d 394 (7th Cir. 1992) ................................................................................................... 39 DeCoteau v. District Cty. Court for the Tenth Judicial Dist., 420 U.S. 425 (1975) .................................................................................................................... 7 Dexia Credit Local v. Rogan, 629 F.3d 612 (7th Cir. 2010) ................................................................................................... 37 Eells v. Ross, 64 F. 417 (9th Cir. 1894) ........................................................................................................... 4 Ellis v. Page, 351 F.2d 250 (10th Cir. 1965) ................................................................................................... 8 Goudy v. Meath, 203 U.S. 146 (1906) ............................................................................................................ 27, 39 Greenlaw v. United States, 554 U.S. 237 (2008) .................................................................................................................. 33 iii Case: 19-1981 Document: 45 Filed: 12/09/2019 Pages: 54 Hagen v. Utah, 510 U.S. 399 (1994) ........................................................................................................... passim Highway J Citizens Group v. United States Dept. of Transportation, 656 F. Supp. 2d 868 (E.D. Wis. 2009) ................................................................................... 37 In re Seymour v. Schneckloth, 55 Wash. 2d 109 (Wash. S. Ct. 1959) ...................................................................................... 6 Kairys v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 981 F.2d 937 (7th Cir. 1992) ................................................................................................... 40 Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America, 511 U.S. 375 (1994) .................................................................................................................. 40 Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians v. Herbst, 334 F. Supp. 1001 (D. Minn. 1971) ........................................................................................ 22 Mattz v. Arnette, 412 U.S. 481 (1973) .................................................................................................................... 7 Montana v. United States, 450 U.S. 544 (1981) .......................................................................................................... 8, 9, 45 Morley Co. v. Md. Casualty Co., 300 U.S. 185 (1937) .................................................................................................................. 32 Nebraska v. Parker, 136 S. Ct. 1072 (2016) ....................................................................................................... passim New Mexico v. Mescalero Apache Tribe, 462 U.S. 324 (1983) .................................................................................................................. 42 Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore, 439 U.S. 322 (1979) ...........................................................................................................
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