DOCSLIB.ORG

No. 203 (30 June 2021) ISSN 2009-8987

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
No. 203 (30 June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`?#&4.'42!4-@#&:('4#-!#-!)6.'&(?4(-!%65?%-#4/.!7(.!$%%-!5('7%&%/!4-!'7%! ',%-'4%'7!2%-'6&A!(.!3(&'!#@!(!:#&%!%N'%-.4B%!.'6/AZ!@#&!%N(:3?%0!U'&42V?(-/!1KSJX0!KSJF;!(-/! D&##:%!I!+A?%&!1KSLL;*!C-!'7%!:4/]KSSG.!(!27%2V?4.'!#@!-#-]:(&4-%!(?5(%!,(.!36$?4.7%/!$A!'7%! )6.'&(?4(-!a4#?#542(?!"%.#6&2%.!U'6/A0!D(-$%&&(!1P(A!I!(?*!KSSH;!'#!%.'($?4.7!7#,!:(-A!'(N(!#@! -#-]:(&4-%!(?5(%!,%&%!&%3#&'%/!@&#:!)6.'&(?4(*!U#:%!4-@#&:('4#-!36$?4.7%/!4-!P(A!I!(?*!1KSSH;0! 7#,%B%&0!2(:%!@&#:!6-36$?4.7%/!,#&V.!(-/!6-B%&4@4($?%!27%2V?4.'.0!(-/!-%%/.!'#!$%!.%%-!4-!'74.! 2#-'%N'*!! ! U%B%&(?!#@!V%A!'(N#-#:42!,#&V.!,%&%!36$?4.7%/!4-!'7%!%(&?A!',%-'4%'7!2%-'6&A*!b%#&5%!C.&(%?! R?(A@(4&!1KLTKWKSJJ;!,(.!(!&%.4/%-'!'(N#-#:4.'!#@!6-42%??6?(&!#&5(-4.:.*!>%!,(.!$#&-!4-!c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a#'(-42!b(&/%-.0!UA/-%A!(-/!E('4#-(?!>%&$(&46:!#@!E%,!U#6'7!Y(?%.0!#@!,7427! R?(A@(4&!,(.!(-!(..#24('%*! ! R?(A@(4&!@#??#,%/!'7%!7457%&!2?(..4@42('4#-.!#@!#&5(-4.:.!4-!B#56%!4-!'7%!%(&?A!',%-'4%'7!2%-'6&A*! `#&!%N(:3?%0!4-!'7%!4-'&#/62'4#-!'#!R?(A@(4&!1KSKT8!JKS;!7%!(-(?A.%.!Q-5?%&^.!'(N#-#:42!.27%:%! 1KLSd0!KSGG;!(-/!/4.26..%.!,7427!.%2'4#-.!(&%!2#-.4/%&%/!3(&'!#@!'7%!ef%5%'($?%!c4-5/#:^!('!'7%! '4:%*!Q(&?A!4-!'7%!',%-'4%'7!2%-'6&A!F%*8G"+2/2&*#!,(.!2?(..4@4%/!,4'7!'7%!M`?(5%??('(O!1[%(/$%('%&! I!=2D&%(/A!JGGG;*!+74.!,(.!3&#$($?A!'7%!`?(5%??('(!#@!>(%2V%?!1KLSF;0!,7427!,(.!2#-.4/%&%/!$A! 74:!(.!(!2?(..!#@!MC-@6.#&4(O!(-/!,(.!-#'!&%?('%/!'#!3?(-'.*!E#'!@#6&!A%(&.!?('%&!2?(..4@42('4#-!7(/! 27(-5%/!(-/!,4'7!4'!R?(A@(4&^.!'&%(':%-'!#@!%65?%-#4/.8! ! MC-!'7%!3&%.%-'!3(3%&!C!7(B%!%-/%(B#6&%/!'#!54B%!.#:%!(22#6-'!#@!(??!'7#.%!@#&:.!#@! :42&#.2#342!?4@%!@#6-/!4-!#6&!,('%&.0!,7427!(&%!4-2?6/%/!6-/%&!'7%!2?(..!`?(5%??('(%!#@!'7%! @&%.7,('%&!)?5(%*O!1R?(A@(4&!KSJK8!SS;! ! R?(A@(4&!1KSKH8!K;!2#::%-2%.!74.!3(3%&!,4'7!'7%!2#::%-'0!Mf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a#&4.!f(..4?4%B427!UVB#&'.#B!1KLSdWKSLGZ!7%!(?.#!36$?4.7%/!(.!UVB#&'\#B0!UVB#&'\V#B0! UVB#&'.#,;0!$#&-!4-!Y(&.(,0!D#-5&%..!R#?(-/0!'7%-!"6..4(-]2#-'&#??%/0!,(.!(!3&#?4@42!'(N#-#:4.'! #@!6-42%??6?(&!#&5(-4.:.*!>%!.3%-'!:627!#@!74.!%(&?A!?4@%!1KSGJWKSXH;!('!>(&$4-0!>%4?#-5g4(-5! R&#B4-2%0!D74-(!1Y4??4(:.!I!"%4/!JGGK;*!P6&4-5!'7%!XX!A%(&.!7%!?4B%/!4-!=(-276&4(0!UVB#&'.#B! 36$?4.7%/!%N'%-.4B%?A!#-!:42&#(?5(%!4-2?6/4-5!/4('#:.0!@?(5%??('%.0!#'7%&!@&%.7,('%&!(?5(%!(.!,%??! (.!@##/!2&#3.*!C-!KSXd0!7%!:#B%/!'#!a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b%#&5%.!f42'#&!P%@?(-/&%!1KLSTWKSTX;!,(.!$#&-!4-!'7%!`?%:4.7!3(&'!#@!a%?546:!1B(-![%2V,4g2V! KSTF;*!>%!,(.!(!b%&:(-!3&4.#-%&]#@],(&!4-!KSKL!(-/!/%.34'%!74.!?(2V!#@!#@@424(?!%/62('4#-!,(.!(! '%(27%&*!>%!,#&V%/!4-!'7%!D&A3'#5(:![($#&('#&A!('!=6.%6:!/^>4.'#4&%!E('6&%??%0!R(&4.!@&#:!KSJJ*! C-!KSJd0!7%!#$'(4-%/!74.!/#2'#&('%!@&#:!'7%!h-4B%&.4'A!#@!R(&4.!1P%@?(-/&%!KSJd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i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e:+*5;*,%,^!1(.!6.%/!$A!UVB#&'.#B0!P%@?(-/&%!(-/!#'7%&.;!4.!2#&&%2'%/!'#! e:+*5;*,%,,J!1)&'*!dG*L;*! !! +7%!-#:%-2?('6&%!&%?('4-5!'#!R?(A@(4&^.!-(:%.!4.!.#:%'74-5!#@!(!:4-%@4%?/0!/6%!?(&5%?A!'#!'7%! (2'4#-.!#@!UVB#&'.#B!1KSJT;0!,7#!2&%('%/!-6:%&#6.!-%,!-(:%.!$(.%/!63#-!R?(A@(4&!'(N(0!,4'7#6'! (/#3'4-5!'7%!%(&?4%&!R?(A@(4&!-(:%.!('!'7%!.(:%!&(-V*!=(-A!#@!'7%.%!(&%!2?%(&?A!.63%&@?6#6.!(-/! 4??%54'4:('%!-(:%.!1)&'*!HJ*K;!(-/!(&%!4-/42('%/!(.!.627!7%&%*!C-!.#:%!4-.'(-2%.!,7%&%!R?(A@(4&!7(/! 4-2?6/%/!',#!#&!:#&%!4??6.'&('4#-.0!UVB#&'.#B!&%5(&/%/!'7%.%!(.!.%3(&('%!'(N(0!(5(4-!,4'7#6'! (/#3'4-5!'7%!R?(A@(4&!-(:%.!@#&!(-A!#@!74.!.633#.%/!-%,!'(N(*!C-!'7%.%!4-.'(-2%.0!,%!7(B%! ?%2'#'A34@4%/!'7%!R?(A@(4&!-(:%!,4'7!#-%!#@!74.!4??6.'&('4#-.0!,7427!'7%-!&%-/%&.!'7%!UVB#&'.#B!-(:%! $(.%/!63#-!'7%!.(:%!4??6.'&('4#-!.63%&@?6#6.!(-/!4??%54'4:('%*!j'7%&!UVB#&'.#B!-(:%.!$(.%/!63#-!
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolution and Comparative Morphology of the Euglenophyte
    EVOLUTION AND COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE EUGLENOPHYTE PLASTID by PATRICK JERRY PAUL BROWN (Under the Direction of Mark A. Farmer) ABSTRACT My doctoral research centered on understanding the evolution of the euglenophyte protists, with special attention paid to their plastids. The euglenophytes are a widely distributed group of euglenid protists that have acquired a chloroplast via secondary symbiogenesis. The goals of my research were to 1) test the efficacy of plastid morphological and ultrastructural characters in phylogenetic analysis; 2) understand the process of plastid development and partitioning in the euglenophytes; 3) to use a plastid- encoded protein gene to determine a euglenophyte phylogeny; and 4) to perform a multi- gene analysis to uncover clues about the origins of the euglenophyte plastid. My work began with an alpha-taxonomic study that redefined the rare euglenophyte Euglena rustica. This work not only validly circumscribed the species, but also noted novel features of its habitat, cyclic migration habits, and cellular biology. This was followed by a study of plastid morphology and development in a number of diverse euglenophytes. The results of this study showed that the plastids of euglenophytes undergo drastic changes in morphology and ultrastructure over the course of a single cell division cycle. I concluded that there are four main classes of plastid development and partitioning in the euglenophytes, and that the class a given species will use is dependant on its interphase plastid morphology and the rigidity of the cell. The discovery of the class IV partitioning strategy in which cells with only one or very few plastids fragment their plastids prior to cell division was very significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Subunit Rrna Genes of the Genus Euglena Ehrenberg
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2001), 51, 773–781 Printed in Great Britain Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast small- subunit rRNA genes of the genus Euglena Ehrenberg Department of Plant Rafał Milanowski, Boz0 ena Zakrys! and Jan Kwiatowski Systematics and Geography, Warsaw University, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00-478 ! Warszawa, Poland Author for correspondence: Boz0 ena Zakrys. Tel: j48 22 628 2595. Fax: j48 22 622 6646. e-mail: zakrys!mercury.ci.uw.edu.pl Almost complete sequences of plastid SSU rDNA (16S rDNA) from 17 species ! belonging to the order Euglenales (sensu Nemeth, 1997; Shi et al., 1999) were determined and used to infer phylogenetic relationships between 10 species of Euglena, three of Phacus, and one of each of Colacium, Lepocinclis, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas and Eutreptia. The maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and distance analyses of the unambiguously aligned sequence fragments imply that the genus Euglena is not monophyletic. Parsimony and distance methods divide Euglenaceae into two sister groups. One comprises of representatives from the subgenera Phacus, Lepocinclis and ! Discoglena (sensu Zakrys, 1986), whereas the other includes members of ! Euglena and Calliglena subgenera (sensu Zakrys, 1986), intermixed with representatives of Colacium, Strombomonas and Trachelomonas. In all analyses subgenera Euglena – together with Euglena polymorpha (representative of the subgenus Calliglena) – and Discoglena – together with Phacus and Lepocinclis – form two well-defined clades. The data clearly indicate that a substantial revision of euglenoid systematics is very much required, nevertheless it must await while more information can be gathered, allowing resolution of outstanding relationships. Keywords: chloroplast SSU rDNA, Euglena, Calliglena, Discoglena, molecular phylogeny INTRODUCTION The genus Euglena consists of organisms highly diversified with respect to cell architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • {Download PDF} Freshwater Life
    FRESHWATER LIFE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Malcolm Greenhalgh,Denys Ovenden | 256 pages | 30 Mar 2007 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007177776 | English | London, United Kingdom Freshwater Life PDF Book Classes of organisms found in marine ecosystems include brown algae , dinoflagellates , corals , cephalopods , echinoderms , and sharks. Gastrotrichs phylum: Gastrotricha are small and flat worms very hairy whose body ends with two quite large appendixes. In fact, many of them are equipped with one or two or even more flagella. But this was no typical love story. Figure 9 - Pediastrum sp. Once it leaves the freshwater, it does not eat, and so after it spawns its energy reserves are used up and it dies. You can see that life on Earth survives on what is essentially only a "drop in the bucket" of Earth's total water supply! Anisonema Figure 7 is an alga lacking in chloroplasts which feeds on organic detritus. Figure 13 - Spirogyrae in conjugation. Download as PDF Printable version. The simple study of animal behaviour whilst sitting on the edge of a pond is also useful. Adult freshwater snails are capable of exploits which are difficult to imagine. They are also known as Cyanophyceae because of their blue- green colour. Wetlands can be part of the lentic system, as they form naturally along most lake shores, the width of the wetland and littoral zone being dependent upon the slope of the shoreline and the amount of natural change in water levels, within and among years. Survey Manual. This region is called the thermocline. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
    [Show full text]
  • "Phycology". In: Encyclopedia of Life Science
    Phycology Introductory article Ralph A Lewin, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA Article Contents Michael A Borowitzka, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia . General Features . Uses The study of algae is generally called ‘phycology’, from the Greek word phykos meaning . Noxious Algae ‘seaweed’. Just what algae are is difficult to define, because they belong to many different . Classification and unrelated classes including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic representatives. Broadly . Evolution speaking, the algae comprise all, mainly aquatic, plants that can use light energy to fix carbon from atmospheric CO2 and evolve oxygen, but which are not specialized land doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0004234 plants like mosses, ferns, coniferous trees and flowering plants. This is a negative definition, but it serves its purpose. General Features Algae range in size from microscopic unicells less than 1 mm several species are also of economic importance. Some in diameter to kelps as long as 60 m. They can be found in kinds are consumed as food by humans. These include almost all aqueous or moist habitats; in marine and fresh- the red alga Porphyra (also known as nori or laver), an water environments they are the main photosynthetic or- important ingredient of Japanese foods such as sushi. ganisms. They are also common in soils, salt lakes and hot Other algae commonly eaten in the Orient are the brown springs, and some can grow in snow and on rocks and the algae Laminaria and Undaria and the green algae Caulerpa bark of trees. Most algae normally require light, but some and Monostroma. The new science of molecular biology species can also grow in the dark if a suitable organic carbon has depended largely on the use of algal polysaccharides, source is available for nutrition.
    [Show full text]
  • Euglenophytes Reported from Karst Sink-Holes in the Malopolska Upland (Poland, Central Europe)
    Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 39 (4), 333 - 346 Euglenophytes reported from karst sink-holes in the Malopolska Upland (Poland, Central Europe) K. Wolowski Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Department of Phycology, ul. Lubicz 46, PL 31-512 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] In karst sink-holes within the environs of Czajków, and in an old fishpond within the Skorocice gypsum valley, 24 taxa of eu- glenophytes, comprising Euglena (10), Phacus (9), Lepocinclis (2), and Trachelomonas (3) were found. Four of them, Phacus elegans Pochmann, Ph. arnoldii Swirenko var. ovatus Popova, Ph. plicatus Conrad, and Ph. curvicauda Swir. var. robusta Al- lorge & Lefèvre, are new for the Polish flora, and rarely reported worldwide. Keywords : Euglenophyta, Central Europe, Poland, Malopolska Upland, karst sink-holes, fishponds. Introduction Material and methods The investigated area lies in the eastern part of the One collection of material was made from each lo- Nida Basin, a wide depression within the ´Swietokrzys-, cation during summer (June 1986). Unfiltered water kie Mountains and Cracow-Czestochowa, Upland. The (containing plankton) along with the bottom of two origin of the karst sink-holes in this area is connected sink-holes at Czajków and two fishponds at Skorocice to the occurrence of varying ground water levels. The were sampled. The water temperature in the sink-holes highest level lies just below the surface of Quaternary at Czajków was 17°C and the pH value was 5.4 (area formation and the lowest is situated in the Tertiary ca. = 0.80 ha, depth = 40 cm).
    [Show full text]
  • Protists and Other Organisms on a Minute Snail Periostracum A
    Brazilian Journal of Biology https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.186837 ISSN 1519-6984 (Print) Original Article ISSN 1678-4375 (Online) Protists and other organisms on a minute snail periostracum A. López de la Fuentea*, R. J. Urcuyoa and G. H. Vegab aCentro de Malacología, Universidad Centroamericana – UCA, Rotonda Rubén Darío 150mt Oeste, Managua, Nicaragua bEstación Biológica Juan Roberto Zarruk, Universidad Centroamericana – UCA, Rotonda Rubén Darío 150 m Oeste, Managua, Nicaragua *e-mail: [email protected] Received: October 19, 2017 – Accepted: December 21, 2017 – Distributed: August 31, 2019 (With 11 figures) Abstract Since the foundation of the Malacological Center in 1980, Universidad Centro Americana (UCA), Managua-Nicaragua, has been monitoring and collecting the marine, terrestrial, fluvial and lake mollusk population of the country. Many specimens have been photographed by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), and in one of these, observation of the hairy periostracum reveals a seemingly thriving population of minute protists in possible symbiosis with their host. Adequate magnification and comparison with previous studies allowed the determination of these hosts as diatoms, testaceous amoebae, yeast, phacus, spores and other undetermined organisms which occur in tropical forests on rocks, trees and leaves. Here illustrated are diatoms and other organisms detected for the first time on the periostracum of a tropical rainforest mollusk. Keywords: Nicaragua rainforest, minute snail, SEM electrograms, diatoms, protists. Protistas e outros organismos em um pequeno periostracum de caracol Resumo Desde a fundação do Centro Malacológico em 1980, a Universidad Central Americana (UCA), Manágua-Nicarágua, vem acompanhando e coletando a população de moluscos marinhos, terrestres, fluviais e lagoas do país.
    [Show full text]
  • Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a Lentic Environment at the Upper
    Thematic Section: Homage to Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2018, vol. 30, e212 https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X8417 ISSN 2179-975X on-line version Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a lentic environment at the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil Euglenophyceae pigmentadas de ambiênte lêntico da Planície de Inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil Susicley Jati1*, Carla Cristiane de Jesus Borsalli1 and Sueli Train2 1 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura – Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco H-90, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PA, Brasil 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais – PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco H-90, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PA, Brasil *e-mail: [email protected] Cite as: Jati, S., Borsalli, C.C.J. and Train, S. Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a lentic environment at the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2018, vol. 30, e212. Abstract: Aim: Contributing to taxonomic knowledge on Pigmented Euglenophyceae at the Upper Paraná River Floodplain by enlarging the biodiversity survey in this ecosystem, in addition to contributing to the knowledge on the geographical distribution of this group in Brazil. Methods: Quarterly samplings in the limnetic region of a floodplain lake between February 2000 and March 2009, numbering 30 samples obtained from both vertical and horizontal trawls using plankton net of a 15 µm-mesh aperture and subjected to Transeau-solution preservation. We prepared temporary slides and analyzed in order to have the organisms identified, measured and photographed through digital camera, directly using an Olympus binocular optical microscope with a 400x/1000x magnification.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting Phytoplankton Biodiversity and Toxin Production Tracey Magrann Loma Linda University
    Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-1-2011 Factors Affecting Phytoplankton Biodiversity and Toxin Production Tracey Magrann Loma Linda University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Magrann, Tracey, "Factors Affecting Phytoplankton Biodiversity and Toxin Production" (2011). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 45. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/45 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Science and Technology in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Factors Affecting Phytoplankton Biodiversity and Toxin Production by Tracey Magrann ____________________ A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology ____________________ June 2011 © 2011 Tracey Magrann All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this dissertation in his opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. , Chairperson Stephen G. Dunbar, Associate Professor of Biology Danilo S. Boskovic, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, School of Medicine H. Paul Buchheim, Professor of Geology William K. Hayes, Professor of Biology Kevin E. Nick, Associate Professor of Geology iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Phacus and Monomorphina Taxa (Euglenophyta) for Thailand
    Polish Botanical Journal 59(2): 235–247, 2014 DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2014-0039 NEW RECORDS OF PHACUS AND MONOMORPHINA TAXA (EUGLENOPHYTA) FOR THAILAND Kritsana Duangjan1, Konrad Wołowski & Yuwadee Peerapornpisal Abstract. The diversity of Phacus and Monomorphina (Euglenophyta) from northern Thailand was studied in various water bodies of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang and Phayao provinces. This paper presents 25 taxa of Phacus and 1 Monomorphina new for Thailand, including 3 Phacus taxa new for Southeast Asia. Several varieties and forms were recog- nized. All are briefly described, with original illustrations. Key words: biodiversity, Euglenophyta, Monomorphina, new record, Phacus, Thailand Kritsana Duangjan, Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] Konrad Wołowski, Department of Phycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Yuwadee Peerapornpisal, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Among the twelve genera of photosynthetic eu- tive documentation (Wołowski 1998). This applies glenophytes the most frequently reported ones are to all the hydrobiological and floristic studies of Phacus Dujard. and Monomorphina Mereschk. Thailand known to us. Data on 14 euglenophyte emend. Kosmala & Zakryś. The cells of this group taxa occurring in central Thailand are included are rigid, oval, spherical, clavate or pear-shaped, in a study of phytoplankton from Lake Boraphet flattened and usually leaf-shaped. According to (Hirano 1975). Pongswat et al. (2004) and Han- Starmach (1983) and Wołowski (1998, 2011) they pongkittikul and Wongrat (2005) also give some occur mainly in ponds, marshes, weedy waters, data on euglenophytes from this part of Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Protists, Ziser Lecture Notes, 2006 1 Evidence
    Eukaryotes – General = “true nucleus” larger cells (100-500µm vs 1-5µm): 100x’s larger than prokaryotes only one cell produces all the tasks essential for life (same as bacteria but much more efficiently since eukaryotes) compartmentalization nucleus, organelles makes them much more efficient than bacteria Origin of Eukaryotes appeared in fossil record about 1.2-1.5BY ago (2.1 - 2.5 Billion years ago)??? ck eukaryotic cells probably arose from two processes: 1. infolding of cell membrane to form membrane bound nucleus and possibly the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies 2. endosymbiosis of other prokaryotes probably produced mitochondria and chloroplasts and possibly the eukaryotic flagellum EuKaryotes—General & Protists, Ziser Lecture Notes, 2006 1 evidence: there are examples today of such endosymbiosis chloroplasts and mitochondria are the size of most bacteria chloroplasts and mitochondria have bacterial chromosome (circular ring of DNA) they also have bacterial RNA and bacterial enzymes and replicate by binary fission as do bacteria EuKaryotes—General & Protists, Ziser Lecture Notes, 2006 2 Kingdom Protista – General ~65,000 species described up to 200,000 species probable simplest eukaryotic organisms (the other kingdoms are mainly multicellular. very efficient cells compared to procaryotic cells most metabolically diverse group of eucaryotes (but not more so than bacteria) diverse group of organelles with highly developed division of labor found anywhere there is water or moisture: freshwaters, marine environments, damp soil,
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Key to Pond Water Organisms 1A. Cells Generally Greenish Or Yellow Brown in Color (Phototrophic) ALGAE……. Go to 2
    Key to Pond Water Organisms 1a. Cells generally greenish or yellow brown in color (phototrophic) ALGAE……. Go to 2 1b. Greenish pigment absent, cilia or flagella, or other appendages may be present ….. Microscopic Invertebrates…… Go to 10 1 2a. Blue-green pigment diffuse through cells (no chloroplasts present)…. Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Bacteria) Blue Green Algae 2b. Pigment grass-green, yellowish-green, or brownish, localized in chloroplasts…3 3a. Pigment yellowish-green or brownish, cell wall composed of two nearly equal halves (made of glass) with ornamentation……….. Diatoms (Bacillarophyta) 3b. Pigment grass-green or brownish, cell wall if present is different…… 4 4a. Cells motile, flagella present…………………….. 5 4b. Cells non-motile, with no flagella ……………… 9 2 5a . Transverse furrow generally present, body usually with armored plates color usually brown ……. Dinoflagellates ( Pyrrophyta) Ceratium Peridinium 5b . Flagella not in a transverse furrow ……………. 6 6a. Color Bright green, cells in colonies or single, flagella in pairs, cells with cell walls so their shape is constant …. Flagellated Green Algae (Chlorophyta) Volvox Chlamydomonas Pandorina 6b. Cells not as above………………. Go to 7. 7a. Color Bright green or sometimes red. Cells single, flagella single, cells with no cell walls so their shape flexible ………..Euglenophyta Phacus Euglena 7b. Color golden brown or yellow, single or colonial, with two unequal flagella. Cells may be enclosed in a loose case (lorica), or may have plates…. (Golden Algae) .Chrysophyta. Synura Mallomonas Dinobryon 3 9. Cells grass green… Non flagellated Green Algae - Chlorophyta : Includes: a. Cells divided into distinct halves by median constriction …DESMIDS Cosmarium b. Cells arranged in long filaments…… FILAMENTOUS GREEN ALGAE c.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Proposals on Nomenclature of Dinoflagellates
    Article title: Recent proposals on nomenclature of dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) Authors: Fernando Gomez[1] Affiliations: Carmen Campos Panisse 3, E-11500 Puerto de Santa Maria, Spain[1] Orcid ids: 0000-0002-5886-3488[1] Contact e-mail: [email protected] License information: This work has been published open access under Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Conditions, terms of use and publishing policy can be found at https://www.scienceopen.com/. Preprint statement: This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed, under consideration and submitted to ScienceOpen Preprints for open peer review. DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPBI9QN.v1 Preprint first posted online: 10 March 2021 Keywords: Alexandrium, dinoflagellates, Dinophyta, Heterocapsa, Kryptoperidinium, nomenclature, Scrippsiella, systematics, taxonomy 1 2 3 4 5 Recent proposals on nomenclature of dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) 6 7 Fernando Gómez 8 Carmen Campos Panisse 3, E-11500 Puerto de Santa María, Spain. 9 Email: [email protected] 10 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-3488 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 28 Abstract 29 The recent proposals to conserve or reject dinoflagellate names are commented. The 30 Nomenclatural Committee for Algae (NCA) recommended to conserve Scrippsiella 31 against Heteraulacus and Goniodoma (proposal #2382). The synonymy of Peridinium 32 acuminatum and Glenodinium trochoideum is highly questionable, and one Stein’s 33 illustration of Goniodoma acuminatum as type will solve the doubts.
    [Show full text]