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Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a Lentic Environment at the Upper

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Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a Lentic Environment at the Upper Thematic Section: Homage to Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2018, vol. 30, e212 https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X8417 ISSN 2179-975X on-line version Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a lentic environment at the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil Euglenophyceae pigmentadas de ambiênte lêntico da Planície de Inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil Susicley Jati1*, Carla Cristiane de Jesus Borsalli1 and Sueli Train2 1 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura – Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco H-90, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PA, Brasil 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais – PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco H-90, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PA, Brasil *e-mail: [email protected] Cite as: Jati, S., Borsalli, C.C.J. and Train, S. Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a lentic environment at the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2018, vol. 30, e212. Abstract: Aim: Contributing to taxonomic knowledge on Pigmented Euglenophyceae at the Upper Paraná River Floodplain by enlarging the biodiversity survey in this ecosystem, in addition to contributing to the knowledge on the geographical distribution of this group in Brazil. Methods: Quarterly samplings in the limnetic region of a floodplain lake between February 2000 and March 2009, numbering 30 samples obtained from both vertical and horizontal trawls using plankton net of a 15 µm-mesh aperture and subjected to Transeau-solution preservation. We prepared temporary slides and analyzed in order to have the organisms identified, measured and photographed through digital camera, directly using an Olympus binocular optical microscope with a 400x/1000x magnification. The analysis included the calculation of Constancy (C) for the sample of each species. Results: 36 taxa were identified. Genus Trachelomonas Ehr. emend. Defl. had the best representation, with 20 taxa. Among the taxa surveyed, 53% (19 taxa) constituted new records of occurrence for the Upper Paraná River Floodplain. The taxa recorded as frequent (33.3%) are considered cosmopolitan and present wide geographical distribution throughout Brazil; however, most of the taxa surveyed (67%) was classified as sporadic or rare, which is probably related to the high environmental variability observed along the study period. Conclusion: Among the surveyed 19 taxa constituted new records of occurrence for the upper Paraná River floodplain and extended the geographical distribution of Euglenophyceae in Brazil. Keywords: taxonomy; floodplain lake; flagellated algae; Euglenophyceae. Resumo: Objetivo: Contribuir para o conhecimento taxonômico das Euglenophyceae pigmentadas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, ampliando o levantamento da biodiversidade neste ecossistema, além de contribuir para o conhecimento da distribuição geográfica do grupo no Brasil. Métodos: Foram realizadas amostragens trimestrais na região limnética de uma lagoa de várzea entre fevereiro de 2000 e março de 2009, totalizando 30 amostras. Estas foram obtidas a partir de arrastos verticais e horizontais com rede de plâncton com 15 µm de abertura de malha e preservadas em solução de Transeau. Foram preparadas e analisadas lâminas temporárias, nas quais os organismos foram identificados, medidos e fotografados em câmara digital, diretamente no microscópio óptico binocular Olympus em aumento de 400x e 1000x. Foi calculada a constância (C) de cada espécie nas amostras analisadas. Resultados: Foram identificados 36 táxons. O gênero Trachelomonas Ehr. emend. Defl. foi This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2 Jati, S., Borsalli, C.C.J. and Train, S. o melhor representado com 20 táxons. Dentre os táxons inventariados 53% (19 táxons) constituem novos registros de ocorrência para a Planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Os táxons registrados como frequentes (33,3%) são considerados cosmopolitas e apresentam ampla distribuição geográfica no Brasil, no entanto, a maioria dos táxons inventariados (67%) foi classificada como esporádica ou rara, o que provavelmente está relacionado à grande variabilidade ambiental observada durante o período de estudo. Conclusão: Entre os táxons descritos, 19 táxons constituíram novos registros de ocorrência para a Planície de Inundação do Alto Rio Paraná e ampliam a distribuição geográfica das Euglenophyceae para o Brasil. Palavras-chave: taxonomia; lagoa de várzea; alga flagelada; Euglenofíceas. 1. Introduction 2. Material and Methods Floodplains are river systems with high The Upper Paraná River Floodplain is located in heterogeneity of habitats and great functional and the Central-South region of Brazil, encompassing structural complexity (Thomaz et al., 2004). In these the area between Porto Primavera (Primavera/SP) systems, the hydro sedimentological regime (Neiff, and Itaipu hydroelectric plants (Guaíra/PR). With 1990) acts directly on the degree of connectivity 230 km of extension, it is the last dam-free stretch of Paraná River, whose major channel presents among their many environments, providing an numerous islands, marginal lakes and channels efficient route of dispersion and recruitment of (Souza Filho, 2009). species as well as ensuring the maintenance of high This study was developed in a floodplain biodiversity (Train & Rodrigues, 2004; Borges & lake (Pau Véio, 22°44’S; 53°15’W) permanently Train, 2009). The Upper Paraná River Floodplain connected to the Paraná River, located at Mutum is considered a relevant region for the conservation Island (Figure 1) and presenting approximately of biodiversity in Brazil and its environments have 1.2 km of length and 50 m of width; with an area been studied since 2000 through a Long-term of 3.0 ha and an average depth of 1.8 m. The lake is Ecological Project (PELD-site 6/ CNPq), which surrounded by arboreous vegetation and its margins has constituted an important opportunity to build are occupied with aquatic macrophytes, especially a survey of phytoplankton in this environment. Eichhornia azurea Kunth. We carried out quarterly samplings at the Phytoplanktonic communities of river-floodplain systems present high diversity of species distributed limnetic region of the lake between February 2000 and March 2009, totaling 30 samples obtained in many taxonomic algae classes, including the from vertical and horizontal trawls using plankton Euglenophyceae, a group especially favored in net with a 15-µm-mesh aperture and subjected to floodplain lakes rich in organic matter and with the Transeau solution preservation (Bicudo & Menezes, occurrence of high species richness (Jati & Train, 2006). 1994; Train & Rodrigues, 2004). We prepared and analyzed temporary slides until Even though the ecology of the phytoplanktonic new taxa stopped occurring. The organisms were community in these environments has been widely identified, measured and photographed through investigated, studies involving its taxonomic digital camera directly using an Olympus binocular approach are still rare (Jati & Train, 1994; optical microscope with a 400x/1000x magnification. Oliveira et al., 1994; Bovo-Scomparin et al., 2005, The taxonomic framework followed Bicudo & Paula et al., 2014; Jati et al., 2014; Moresco et al., Menezes (2016). Species and infraspecific taxa 2015). In this context, the papers by Jati & Train were identified according to basic works such (1993, 1994) and Biolo & Rodrigues (2010) as Deflandre (1926), Huber-Pestalozzi (1955), represent the only records of Euglenophyceae and Tell & Conforti (1986). Several recent floristic works as Alves-da-Silva & Klein (2015), taxonomy for such environments. Alves-da-Silva et al. (2013, 2016), Araujo & Bicudo Therefore, the objective of this study is to (2017), Araujo et al. (2012), Kufner & Giani contribute to the taxonomic knowledge on (2017) were also used, in addition to molecular Pigmented Euglenophyceae at the Upper Paraná biology studies such as Bennett & Triemer (2012), River Floodplain as well as to expand the biodiversity Kim et al. (2013) and Marin et al. (2003). survey in this ecosystem, in addition to contributing In order to estimate the constancy (C) of to the knowledge on the geographical distribution each species in the samples analyzed, we used of this group in Brazil. the suggestion by Dajoz (2005): C = (p x 100)/P, Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2018, vol. 30, e212 Pigmented Euglenophyceae of a lentic environment… 3 Figure 1. Map and location da sampling station. according to which: C ≥ 70 represents the constant study period. Table 1 presents the temporal variation species; 70 ≥ C ≥ 30 the frequent species; 30≥ C ≥10 of the mean values of the main environmental the sporadic species, and C < 10 represents the rare variables along with their respective standard species. The character “p” is the amount of samples deviations. The environmental variation caused by containing the species and “P” is the total amount the hydrometric pulse seasonality and the range of of samples analyzed. variation of this event between the sampling years The samples are stored at the Herbário da (Figure 2) are probably the main factors responsible Universidade Estadual de Maringá (HUEM – for the high variability observed for the period. Such Herbarium of the State University of Maringá). a high environmental variability
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