Stone Age to Iron Age W4

Stone Age to Iron Age Worksheet 4A

Name: ______Date: ______

Go on a fact hunt and find out as much about Stonehenge as you can to help you answer these questions.

1. In what period of the Stone Age was 2. What are the two types of stones 3. In what year were the first stones put Stonehenge built? called that were used to make up at Stonehenge? Stonehenge?

4. Where is Stonehenge? 7. What does Stonehenge look like today? Draw a picture.

5. Which river runs near Stonehenge?

6. What are the barrows around Stonehenge for?

Name: ______Date: ______

Go on a fact hunt and find out as much about Stonehenge as you can to help you answer these questions.

1. During which period was 2. Where is Stonehenge? 3. Which river runs near 4. How tall are the sarsen Stonehenge built? Stonehenge? stones of Stonehenge?

5. How heavy are the 6. When were the ditches and 9. What does Stonehenge look like today? Draw a picture. bluestones of Stonehenge? banks of Stonehenge built?

7. When were the first stones of 8. Where does the sun rise Stonehenge put into place? during the summer solstice at Stonehenge?

Name: ______Date: ______

Go on a fact hunt and find out as much about Stonehenge as you can to help you answer these questions.

1. During which period 2. Where is Stonehenge? 3.Which river runs near 4. How big are the sarsen 5. How heavy are the was Stonehenge built? Stonehenge? stones of Stonehenge? bluestones of Stonehenge?

6. Where did the stones for 7. What was built at Stonehenge 8. When were the first stones put 9. What are the barrows around Stonehenge come from? in 2,950 BC? up at Stonehenge? Stonehenge for?

10. What is the relationship between 11. Describe what Stonehenge looked like in 12. Why do you think Stonehenge is one of the Stonehenge and the summer solstice? the Neolithic period: wonders of the world?

Stonehenge is located in the English Stonehenge is made up of two county of Wiltshire near the River Avon. types of stone. The smaller The large sarsen stones are up to bluestones were transported 9 metres high and weigh about from Wales. The larger sarsen 25 tons. That’s the same as Stonehenge stones were transported from 25,000kg! about 20 miles away. No one is quite sure why There are lots of burial mounds The smaller stones are called Stonehenge was built. Some people called barrows around ‘bluestones’ because they have a think it was a place for religious Stonehenge. Some of these blueish tint when they are wet or ceremonies. Others believe it barrows are for important people freshly broken. They weigh up to could have been a giant who lived at the beginning of the 4 tons or 4,000kg. astrological calendar. Bronze Age.

At the summer solstice (the longest day of the year) the sun is aligned with Stonehenge. When the sun rises on the solstice, the sun shines Stonehenge was built during the directly in the centre of the horseshoe. This is the same for the Neolithic period of the Stone Age. winter solstice (the shortest day of the year). Was this accidental or did people in Neolithic times have precise knowledge of astronomy?

This is what Stonehenge looks like today: This is what Stonehenge looked like in the Neolithic period:

There are lots of other In about 2950 BC, the ditch and The ﬁrst stones of Stonehenge monuments around Stonehenge. banks of Stonehenge were built. were put in around the year The oldest one dates back from There were no stones at this time 2500 BC to replace the wooden 3,500 BC and is called Robin but there were wooden pillars pillars that were already there. Hood’s Ball. inside the bank.

This picture shows modern Druids celebrating Over a million tourists visit Stonehenge every the solstice at Stonehenge. year. It is one of the wonders of the world.

There was an avenue that led from The Lesser and Greater Cursuses the River Avon to Stonehenge. This around Stonehenge were enclosures Today, more than half the stones had two parallel ditches and banks where people would meet to of Stonehenge have fallen or been and led people to Stonehenge from exchange gifts, feast and resolve the north-east. This was the removed. disputes. They were built around direction of the midsummer sunrise. 1,000 years before Stonehenge.

• The landscape around the famous monument of Stonehenge has lots Map of the landscape around Stonehenge of other monuments from the Neolithic period of the Stone Age. The earliest monument is Robin Hood’s Ball which dates to around 3500 BC. It is slightly north of this map. • Around the same time, the Lesser Cursus was built. This enclosure was a place for people to meet, exchange gifts and brides, have feasts and resolve disputes. It was also used for ceremonial processions. A Greater Cursus was built very soon after to make these processions more impressive. • In 2950 BC, the circular ditch and bank for Stonehenge were built but there were no stones yet. Instead, there were rings of posts inside the bank. A palisade of large timber posts screened Stonehenge off from the north. • Long barrows for burying the dead were then built around Stonehenge, particularly to the west which was an area known as the domain of the Image courtesy Peter Dunn ©English Heritage ancestors.

• Around 2,500 BC, the timber posts at Stonehenge were replaced with Stonehenge standing stones, first the bluestones from Wales and then later the sarsen stones. • Durrington Walls and Woodhenge, both with massive circles of timber posts, replaced the wooden Stonehenge and became the domain of the living. • People would have followed the River Avon, then walked up The Avenue (which consisted of two parallel ditches and banks) to enter Stonehenge from the north-east. This was the direction of the midsummer sunrise. • Finally, lots of round barrows (King barrows, Cursus barrows and Normanton Down barrows) were constructed over burials of important people in the early Bronze Age.

Durrington Walls

This map shows Lesser cursus Greater cursus Woodhenge Stonehenge and its Long barrow surrounding area which The Avenue has lots of Cursus barrows examples of Palisade Neolithic King barrows monuments.

Stonehenge

Long barrows River Avon Long barrows Normanton Down barrows

Image courtesy Peter Dunn ©English Heritage

Go on a fact hunt and find out as much about Stonehenge as you can to help you answer these questions.

1. In what period of the Stone Age was 2. What are the two types of stones 3. In what year were the first stones put Stonehenge built? called that were used to make up at Stonehenge? Stonehenge? NEOLITHIC PERIOD SARSEN STONES AND BLUESTONES AROUND THE YEAR 2,500 BC

4. Where is Stonehenge? 7. What does Stonehenge look like today? Draw a picture.

THE ENGLISH COUNTY OF WILTSHIRE

5. Which river runs near Stonehenge?

RIVER AVON

6. What are the barrows around Stonehenge for? BURIAL MOUNDS FOR IMPORTANT PEOPLE WHO LIVED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE BRONZE AGE.

Go on a fact hunt and find out as much about Stonehenge as you can to help you answer these questions.

1. During which period was 2. Where is Stonehenge? 3. Which river runs near 4. How tall are the sarsen Stonehenge built? Stonehenge? stones of Stonehenge?

THE ENGLISH COUNTY OF NEOLITHIC PERIOD RIVER AVON UP TO 9 METRES HIGH WILTSHIRE

5. How heavy are the 6. When were the ditches and 9. What does Stonehenge look like today? Draw a picture. bluestones of Stonehenge? banks of Stonehenge built?

THEY WEIGH UP TO 4 TONS AROUND 2950 BC OR 4,000KG

7. When were the first stones of 8. Where does the sun rise Stonehenge put into place? during the summer solstice at Stonehenge?

WHEN THE SUN RISES, IT AROUND 2500 BC SHINES DIRECTLY IN THE CENTRE OF THE HORSESHOE.

Go on a fact hunt and find out as much about Stonehenge as you can to help you answer these questions.

1. During which period 2. Where is Stonehenge? 3.Which river runs near 4. How big are the sarsen 5. How heavy are the was Stonehenge built? Stonehenge? stones of Stonehenge? bluestones of Stonehenge? THE ENGLISH NEOLITHIC PERIOD COUNTY OF RIVER AVON UP TO 9 METRES HIGH THEY WEIGH UP TO WILTSHIRE 4 TONS OR 4,000KG

6. Where did the stones for 7. What was built at Stonehenge 8. When were the first stones put 9. What are the barrows around Stonehenge come from? in 2,950 BC? up at Stonehenge? Stonehenge for? THE SMALLER BLUESTONES WERE THE DITCH AND BANKS OF AROUND THE YEAR THE BARROWS ARE BURIAL TRANSPORTED FROM WALES. STONEHENGE WERE BUILT 2500 BC MOUNDS FOR IMPORTANT THE LARGER SARSEN STONES PEOPLE WHO LIVED AT THE WERE TRANSPORTED FROM BEGINNING OF THE BRONZE ABOUT 20 MILES AWAY AGE

AT THE SUMMER SOLSTICE, THE SUN IS THE HORSESHOE WAS SURROUNDED BY ALIGNED WITH STONEHENGE. IT SHINES A COMPLETE CIRCLE OF STONES DIRECTLY IN THE CENTRE OF THE HORSESHOE