Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Jurídicas Faculdade De Direito Do Recife Programa De Pós-Graduação Em

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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Jurídicas Faculdade De Direito Do Recife Programa De Pós-Graduação Em UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS JURÍDICAS FACULDADE DE DIREITO DO RECIFE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DIREITO DOUTORADO A CONSTRUÇÃO DA FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PELA JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: Um estudo sobre a utilização do princípio da simetria na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal MARCELO LABANCA CORRÊA DE ARAÚJO Recife / 2008 MARCELO LABANCA CORRÊA DE ARAÚJO A CONSTRUÇÃO DA FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PELA JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: Um estudo sobre a utilização do princípio da simetria na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Faculdade de Direito do Recife/Centro de Ciências Jurídicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Ferreira Santos Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife 2008 Araújo, Marcelo Labanca Corrêa de A construção da federação brasileira pela jurisdição constitucional: um estudo sobre a utilização do princípio da simetria na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal / Marcelo Labanca Corrêa de Araújo. – Recife : O Autor, 2008. 242 folhas : fig. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CCJ. Direito, 2008. Inclui bibliografia e anexos. 1. Jurisdição constitucional - Brasil. 2. Federalismo - Brasil. 3. Direito - Interpretação e construção. 4. Função judicial - Brasil. 5. Brasil. Supremo Tribunal Federal. 6. Autonomia estadual - Brasil. 7. Hermenêutica - Brasil. 8. Princípio jurídico - Brasil. 9. Princípio da proporcionalidade - Interpretação. 10. Brasil - Direito constitucional. I. Título. 347.991(81) CDU (2.ed.) UFPE 342 CDD (22.ed.) BSCCJ2008-018 O que é bonito É o que persegue o infinito Mas eu não sou Eu não sou, não... Eu gosto é do inacabado O imperfeito, o estragado que dançou O que dançou... Eu quero mais erosão Menos granito Namorar o zero e o não Escrever tudo o que desprezo E desprezar tudo o que acredito Eu não quero a gravação, não Eu quero o grito Que a gente vai, a gente vai E fica a obra Mas eu persigo o que falta Não o que sobra Eu quero tudo Que dá e passa Quero tudo que se despe Se despede e despedaça Lenine letra da música “O que é bonito”, do disco “Olho de Peixe. DEDICATÓRIA Dedico esta tese à minha família: minha esposa, Georgia, meu filho, Arthur, minha filhota, Laís, e, como não poderia deixar de ser, para a já tão amada novatinha que chega em julho deste ano de 2008. Ela – a tese – foi responsável por muitos sorrisos não sorridos e muitas viagens não viajadas. Pela vida não vivida e pelo tempo literalmente tomado não apenas de mim, mas de toda a minha família que, comigo solidária, foi a fonte de minhas forças. Por isso, se escrevê-la tiver sido uma vitória, não foi sem grande esforço meu e dos que carinhosamente me cercam. E quando, colhendo os frutos no futuro, eu perceber o quanto valeu a pena, não me iludirei: a pena não foi pequena. Mas a valia será, certamente, maior. Para mim e para minha família. Um grande beijo. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pela eterna parceria. Muitíssimo obrigado. A Wânia e Guido, meus pais, meu chão e meu apoio, a quem devo o espírito de luta em busca da formação acadêmica que se encontra em mim impregnado. Obrigado por tudo! Também aos meus queridos Evelyne e Guido Jr., que pelo simples fato de serem meus irmãos, dão-me um lastro familiar que interfere em tudo que faço. Seguimos juntos! A Gustavo, meu orientador, cuja tranqüilidade e competência eu admiro muito, com quem pude e posso contar (reciprocamente). Muitíssimo obrigado, por tudo. Aos professores e funcionários do Programa de Pós- graduação em Direito da UFPE, a quem eu destaco o nome de Carminha, pela paciência nas matrículas, e de Josi, pelos estímulos a mim dispensados para finalização desta tese. Exemplos de profissionalismo que fazem da Pós ser o que ela é. Muitíssimo obrigado. Ao Banco Central do Brasil, em nome do Dr. Francisco José de Siqueira, Procurador-Geral do Banco Central, profissional que sempre em mim depositou sua confiança e que viabilizou as condições necessárias para a continuidade e finalização desta tese. Apesar da distância, o seu papel foi de um importante condutor de minha vida profissional, desde o mestrado até o doutorado. Muito obrigado. De maneira fraternal, agradeço aos amigos da Procuradoria-Regional do Banco Central em Recife, em nome do Dr. Wagner Fontes, cujo incentivo dado se explica pela nossa afinidade acadêmica. Além de não se furtarem a um saudável debate, ainda “seguraram a onda” sem mais um no barco. Obrigado pelo apoio de todos. Ao amigo e orientador-técnico Marcelo Madureira Prates, que, da Bolívia, deu-me o suporte necessário para fazer o sistema funcionar. Obrigado. Ao amigo Vincenzo, por se mostrar sempre prestativo. Obrigado. Aos servidores do Unibacen, em nome de Tabajara de Lavor, pela atenção e solicitude a mim dispensadas nas questões procedimentais do Programa de Pós-Graduação strictu sentu. Obrigado. Ao PIBIC e a todos os meus pibicandos que se envolveram na execução de etapas de minha pesquisa. Agradeço a todos em nome de meu último pibicando, Ivison, cujo desprendimento, competência e iniciativa fortaleceram vínculo de amizade maior que o mero academicismo. Assim também como aos que, solidários, auxiliaram-me na pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa, com especial atenção a Diogo. Muito obrigado a todos. Aos queridos Mirian de Sá Pereira, Adriana Rocha, João Paulo, Stéfano Toscano, José Mário e Maria Betânia, da Universidade Católica, que, com debates, textos, livros e apoio, contribuíram demais para a construção deste trabalho. E, da mesma forma, ao meu querido irmão Ricardinho Ribeiro, um nômade cuja torcida e apoio eu pude sentir de Recife, Austin, Aracajú, Londrina ... Obrigadíssimo! A todos que de maneira direta ou indireta, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho, o meu muito obrigado! RESUMO: TÍTULO: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PELA JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: Um estudo sobre a utilização do princípio da simetria na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O princípio da simetria vem sendo utilizado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal para determinar aos Estados-membros a necessidade ou a possibilidade de reprodução de um modelo federal de organização dos poderes perante Estados- membros. A presente tese busca analisar quais são os critérios e em quais casos o Supremo Tribunal Federal aplica o referido princípio. Para tanto, busca-se analisar o que é simetria e como esse conceito é empregado no tema do federalismo, a partir de uma classificação dos limites à autonomia estadual (notadamente em face do poder de auto-organizacão e de auto-legislação dos Estados-membros). O estudo do papel da Jurisdição Constitucional em países federais é desenvolvido como forma de demonstrar que a Federação é construída não apenas por disposições legislativas e constitucionais, mas também a partir da interpretação e aplicação da Constituição por parte do próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal. A tese demonstra que uma das formas de construção judicial da federação operada pela Corte se dá justamente a partir da reprodução de modelos federais para os Estados-membros, com base em uma pretensa necessidade de simetria. Faz-se, a partir dessa problemática, uma investigação na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal para identificar como e quando a Corte se utilizou de referido princípio, seja expressamente, ou mesmo sem expressá-lo. Investiga-se, também, a natureza do princípio da simetria (princípio jurídico ou princípio de hermenêutica constitucional). A partir de todos esses dados empíricos comprovando o uso da simetria pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, propõe-se um modelo de jurisdição constitucional mais aberto à participação dos Estados-membros. Em que pese o discurso da legitimidade da jurisdição constitucional ser usualmente aplicado para contrapô-la a defesa da democracia, a tese sugere que a referida legitimidade deve ser analisada também com foco no debate federativo, identificando, do ponto de vista procedimental, a participação da vontade local na construção da idéia de federação a partir das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal na aplicação do princípio da simetria. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: PRINCÍPIO DA SIMETRIA – FEDERALISMO – JURISDIÇAO CONSTITUCIONAL – LEGITIMIDADE FEDERATIVA . ABSTRACT TITLE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF FEDERATION BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL JURISDICTION: A STUDY ABOUT THE USE OF PRINCIPLE OF SYMMETRY IN FEDERAL SUPREME COURT’S JURISPRUDENCE The principle of symmetry has been used by the Supreme Federal Court to determinate to States the need or possibility of reproducing before them a federal model of power organization. The present thesis aims to analyze witch are the criteria and witch are the cases that the Supreme Federal Court apply the referred principle. For so, the analysis comprehend the meaning of symmetry and how this concept is used in the theme of federalism by a classification of state autonomy limits (specially in face of self- organization and self-legislation power of States). The study of the role played by Federal Constitution in federal countries is developed as to demonstrate that Federation is built not only by legislative and constitutional regulations, but also through interpretation and application of the Constitution by the Supreme Federal Court. The thesis demonstrates that one of the ways of federation legal construction operated by Court happens precisely by the reproduction of federal models to States based on a pretended need of symmetry. From this problem-context an investigation is carried out through
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