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The Paulist Vocation ◊ REVISED AND EXPANDED The first Paulists: Father Augustine F. Hewit Father George M. Deshon (1821–1897) (1823–1903) Father Isaac T. Hecker (1819–1888) Father Clarence A. Walworth Father Francis A. Baker (1820–1900) (1820–1865) The Paulist Vocation ◊ REVISED AND EXPANDED Paulist Press New York / Mahwah, N.J. Book Design by Saija Autrand, Faces Type & Design. Unless otherwise noted, photographs are from the Paulist Archives. Copyright © 2000 by Paulist Press, Inc. Published by Paulist Press 997 Macarthur Boulevard Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 www.paulistpress.com Printed and bound in the United States of America Table of Contents ◊ Foreword by Very Reverend Frank DeSiano, C.S.P. xvii Isaac Thomas Hecker, C.S.P. (1819–1888) by Michael J. Connolly. xxi P A R T I : Father Hecker’s Life and the Founding of the Paulists in His Own Words . 1 CHAPTER 1: Before Conversion . 3 Father Hecker’s description of his early life as given in his diary and statements made toward the end of his life. CHAPTER 2: After Conversion. 14 From excerpts of his diary and letters, Father Hecker reveals his own spiritual growth and the hopes generated by his decision to join the Redemptorists. His struggles with studies and his spiritual searching after his ordination show a quest that would lead to his climactic trip to Rome in 1857. v vi Table of Contents CHAPTER 3: Hecker’s Mission . 32 Excerpts from various letters to and from Father Hecker unfold the drama that led to the establishment of the Paulist Community and the growing clarification of the mission of the Paulists. CHAPTER 4: A Narration of His Life . 49 From a document Father Hecker submitted to his spiritual director in 1858, he gives a résumé of his life, his growing convictions about mission and his desires for a new apostolate in America. CHAPTER 5: The View from Rome . 63 Various letters to and from Father Hecker in Rome fill in the background to the decree of Pope Pius IX, presented here, which dispensed the first Paulists from their vows as Redemptorists and allowed them to begin their own mission. CHAPTER 6: After the Founding . 80 Letters and other documents show the growing understanding of Father Hecker concerning the Paulist calling and the appreciation of important church leaders of Hecker’s work. Table of Contents vii CHAPTER 7: Later Thoughts . 92 Father Hecker’s reflections, from various later points in his life, on the Paulist vocation, the possibility of exporting its spirit to Europe, and its extension to a community of women. P A R T I I : Writings about Religious Life and the Paulists . 101 CHAPTER 8: The Aspirations to a Higher Life. 103 Father Hecker’s conviction that certain persons are called to higher aspirations arising from their relationship with God and their potential to contribute to society. CHAPTER 9: Divine Origin and Sanction of Life in Community . 106 Father Hecker’s reflections on the phenomenon of religious life throughout the ages of the Church. CHAPTER 10: The Catholic Church and Life in Community . 111 Father Hecker’s essays reflect on the meaning of religious life; excerpts from his letters during his novitiate year (1846) reveal his own quest for religious fulfillment. viii Table of Contents CHAPTER 11: Divine Vocation to Life in Community . 117 Father Hecker reflects on the mystery of the individual’s call to religious vocation, rooted in God’s call but also in the particular gifts of the individual. CHAPTER 12: Personal Sanctification of the Paulist and His Standard of Perfection. 121 The call of the Paulist priesthood implies a particular calling for personal perfection, rooted in the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, and also a pronounced zeal for souls through apostolic and missionary works. The importance of individuality in the Paulist vocation. CHAPTER 13: The Guidance of the Holy Spirit . 130 The relationship of church and sacrament to the growth in holiness that results from the working of the Holy Spirit on the individual. CHAPTER 14: The Paulist Life in Community . 135 The relationship of individuality and the needs of community in Father Hecker’s thought; the role of Paulist superiors in creating harmony and evoking zeal. Table of Contents ix CHAPTER 15: The Safeguards of the Paulist . 141 Father Hecker elaborates on those resources and attitudes that help a Paulist remain faithful to the Church. CHAPTER 16: External Mission of the Paulist Community . 145 The reason for new religious communities and the attitude of the Paulists with reference to the needs of the age. CHAPTER 17: The European Apostolate . 152 Extracts from a diary and from letters expanding on Father Hecker’s ideas about the possibility of a Paulist movement in Europe. CHAPTER 18: Attitudes towards Studies. 156 Dispositions of humility and searching that are essential in the pursuit of theological study. x Table of Contents P A R T I I I : Themes of Father Hecker on Spirituality and on the Church and Its Mission . 161 CHAPTER 19: The Holy Spirit and the Paulists . 163 A. The Holy Spirit . 163 The Power of the Spirit in Us . 163 The Power of the Spirit . 164 On the Three Comings of Christ. 165 On Divine Guidance in Life. 166 Inward Action of the Spirit. 167 Holy Spirit—Inspiration . 167 Fidelity to the Spirit’s Guidance. 167 The Purpose of Christianity . 168 Notes on the Holy Spirit (1870s–1880s) . 172 Statements sent to Dr. Vaughan to show to Archbishop Manning, September 15, 1872, and inserted in “Notes on the Holy Spirit” . 178 Notes on the Holy Spirit continued . 179 Renewal of Christian Life (December, 1875) . 180 The Holy Spirit and a New Era . 184 Table of Contents xi B. The Paulists. 184 Personal Perfection . 184 Personal Perfection and the Conversion of America . 185 The Spirit of the Paulist Community . 186 CHAPTER 20: The Spiritual Life. 190 God’s Presence Always . 190 The Church Helps the Soul to Free Itself from the Sensual . 190 Life as a Number of Circles Spreading Outward . 191 Seeking God Is Seeking Christ . 191 Living Simply. 192 Prophecy . 193 God’s Special Guidance. 193 Sin and Grace, Pain and Joy Together . 193 Prayer for Divine Assistance and To Be Led to God . 195 Male and Female Complementary in Incarnation . 196 Living on Simple Diet Close to Nature . 196 The Golden Rule and Justice . 197 xii Table of Contents The Presence of God . 198 Following God’s Will for Ourselves . 198 Giving All to God’s Service . 199 Nature’s Union with the Soul. 200 God’s Guidance in Life . 201 Grace as Union with Christ. 202 Prayer for God’s Comforting Help . 202 God’s Silence and Our Purpose . 203 Prayer for God’s Help . 203 Freedom of Commitment . 204 Hecker’s Religious Experience . 204 Christian Perfection. 206 Spirituality and Renewal . 206 Contemporary Holiness. 208 Spirituality Today . 210 Christian Life . 217 On Working with the Church . 218 The Authority of the Holy Spirit. 219 The Mission of the Spirit. 221 The Needs of the Age and the Holy Spirit . 222 Holiness . 223 The Role of the Sacraments . 224 Table of Contents xiii CHAPTER 21: The Church and Its Modern Challenges . 226 Hecker’s Desire to Be Catholic . 226 Church and Democracy. 228 Why Be a Catholic? . 228 Attraction to the Roman Catholic Church . 229 Universal Unity of Catholicism. 230 Nature of Catholicism . 230 Infallibility of the Church . 233 Spiritual Resources of the Church . 233 The Church and Science . 234 Social Imperatives Today. 235 Christ and the Church. 236 Church Role of Continuing Christ . 237 Christ as Life and Goal of the Church . 238 Need for Inner and Exterior Help of the Church. 239 The Inner Life . 239 Christ Is the Desire and True Goal of Inner Life. 240 The Holy Spirit and the Church . 241 Human Sinfulness of the Church. 241 The Bible and the Church . 242 xiv Table of Contents The Church as Christ’s Body. 243 Authority and the Essence of the Church. 244 Contributions of Religious People . 245 CHAPTER 22: Aspects of Mission and Relations with Other Believers . 247 A. Evangelization . 247 Living Christianity. 247 Christ’s Mission in Time To Redeem Us . 247 The Fullness of Time . 249 Contemplation and Action in Spirituality. 250 Being Drawn to the Church . 250 Evangelization . 251 Articulating Catholic Truth. 251 The Need for Religion Today. 252 Personal Conviction. 252 Catholic Faith Develops Freedom of Faculties. 253 Religious Orders Meet the Needs of Their Age . 255 The Role of Women in the Church . 255 Table of Contents xv B. Ecumenism . 257 Bringing Churches Together . 257 Need of Catholicism and Protestantism for One Another . 258 Ecumenism and Unity . 259 The Spiritual Strengths of Protestantism . 260 Need for Ecumenism. 261 The Things That Make for Unity. 262 C. Mission to America . 264 Hopes for Faith in the New World . 264 Renewal of the Catholic People . 265 Catholicism and America . 265 The Church in North America . 269 Religious Freedom. 269 The American Mind . 270 American Character and Persuasion . 271 The Church Relies on the Internal Guidance of the Spirit . 272 Divine Providence and America . 272 The Strength of the American Republic . 273 Catholics and Citizenship . 274 xvi Table of Contents Epilogue to the Original Edition: . 276 On the Mission of New Religious Communities Father Hecker elaborates here his notion of the specially opportune times in which the Church is now living and the role of religious life in responding to the needs of the age. Appendix: The Constitution of the Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle . 300 The first chapter of the Paulist Constitution expresses the nature and purpose of the Paulist Society as articulated in the General Assembly of 1968 and approved in Rome in 1989.
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