ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɌɨɦɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2016. ʋ 4 (24)

ɍȾɄ 027.52 (571.16) DOI: 10.17223/22220836/24/25

ɄȺ. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ, ȺȺ. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɚ

ɈȻɋɅɍɀɂȼȺɇɂȿɑɂɌȺɌȿɅȿɃɋɈȽɊȺɇɂɑȿɇɇɕɆɂ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌəɆɂɁȾɈɊɈȼɖəȼɆɍɇɂɐɂɉȺɅɖɇɕɏɋȿɅɖɋɄɂɏ ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɄȺɏɌɈɆɋɄɈɃɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ: ȺɇȺɅɂɁɈɉɕɌȺ1

ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɨɩɵɬɪɚɛɨɬɵɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɌɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɜ 2010-ɯɝɝ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɬɚɤɢɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɚɤɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟ- ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣɢɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɬɢɮɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨ- ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɢɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, Ɍɨɦɫɤɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ.

ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹɜɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬɨɤɨɥɨ 60 ɬɵɫɹɱɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵ- ɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ (ɷɬɨɛɨɥɟɟ 5 % ɨɬɨɛɳɟɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ), ɢɡɧɢɯɩɨɱɬɢ 4 ɬɵɫɹɱɢɞɟɬɟɣɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ [1]. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɢ- ɦɟɧɟɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ [2. ɋɬ. 22]. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɢɨɧɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚ- ɧɢɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ [2. ɋɬ. 23]. ȼ 2003 ɝ. ɛɵɥɩɪɢɧɹɬɡɚɤɨɧ «ɈɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɟɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɜɌɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ» (ɢɡɦ. ɨɬ 12.11.2015 ɝ.), ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: – ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɨɛ- ɥɚɫɬɧɵɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɢɥɶɝɨɬ; – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɚɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɤɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɢɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɤɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɜ ɧɢɯɭɫɥɭɝɚɦ; – ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ; – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ; – ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɡɧɨɨɪɬɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɫɥɭɯɨɩɪɨɬɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫ- ɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ; – ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɨɞ- ɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɢɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ;

1ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɝɨɊȽɇɎɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚʋ 15-33-01261. Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ 223 – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɦɟɫɬ, ɰɟɯɨɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɞɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɟɧɢɹɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ [3]. ȼɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɌɨɦɫɤɨɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɨɪ- ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, Ɍɨɦɫɤɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɚɹɨɛɳɟɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ «ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɨɪɞɟɧɚ Ɍɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ Ɂɧɚɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɟɩɵɯ», Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ, Ɍɨɦɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɨɩɟɤɭɧɨɜɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɫɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ «ɇɟɡɚɛɭɞɤɚ»; ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɰɟ- ɥɹɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɧɢɯɭɫɥɭɝɢɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹɫɪɟɞɚ» (2015–2020). ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭ- ɬɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠ- ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɫ ɧɟɡɪɹɱɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɢɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ [4–7], ɞɟɬɶɦɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ [8, 9]; ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ [10, 11], ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ [12], ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ [13], ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɟɣɤɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɫɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ [14]. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɜɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɦɟ- ɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ- ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɫ ɨɝɪɚ- ɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ȼɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬɜɨɜɫɟɯ 16 ɪɚɣ- ɨɧɚɯ, ɨɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 324 (ɩɨɞɚɧ- ɧɵɦɡɚ 2015 ɝ.) [15. ɋ. 13]. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɜɫɬɚɬɶɹɯȺȺ. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɨɣ [16–18], ȿȺ. Ɇɚɫɹɣɤɢɧɨɣ [19, 20], ȾȺ. ɍɫɤɨɜɨɣ [20], ɄȺ. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ [21, 22], Ⱥɂ. Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɺɜɨɣ [23, 24]. ȼɱɢɫɥɟɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ – ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɠɢɥɵɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɜ, ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɮɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɱɢɬɚɬɟ- ɥɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɜ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ (ɌɈɍɇȻ) ɢɦ. Ⱥɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚɢɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɡɚ 2011–2015 ɝɝ., ɪɚɣɨɧɧɚɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɟɱɚɬɶ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɭɫɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɜɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɟɫɨɛɳɟɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɱ- ɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ: ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ- ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ, ɫɨɜɟɬɚɦɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɚɧɨɜ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢ- ɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢɞɥɹɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ, ɞɨɦɚɦɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɋɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬ- 224 ɄȺ. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ, ȺȺ. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɚ ɧɵɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɠɢɡɧɢɝɪɚ- ɠɞɚɧɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɚɤɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɜɚɠɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɜɨɜɫɟɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɦɨɳɶɜɩɨɢɫɤɟɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɫɬɟɧɞɵ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɩɤɢ, ɛɭɤɥɟɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ 50% ɫɤɢɞɤɚɧɚɩɥɚɬɧɵɟɭɫɥɭɝɢ – ɤɫɟ- ɪɨɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɭ, ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɞ. ȼ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ, Ⱦɧɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɉɟɧɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ, ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯɛɨɥɶɧɢɰ, ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɚɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɡɧɚɱɢ- ɦɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ – ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɜɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɥɭɠɛɚɯ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɩɨɦɨɳɶɩɨɟɟɩɨɢɫɤɭ. Ȼɨɥɶ- ɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɩɪɚɜɤɢɨɥɶɝɨɬɚɯɢɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɹɯ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯɩɪɟ- ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɠɢɥɶɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɚɤɫɢ; ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɢɩɟɪɟ- ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɩɟɧɫɢɣ. ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɭɪɫɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚ- ɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɩɨɠɢɥɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɭɱɚɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɜɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɟ Microsoft Word ɢɛɚɡɨɜɵɯɨɮɢɫɧɵɯɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ; ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɢɫ- ɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɨɣ, Skype, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ; ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɭɫɥɭɝɢɀɄɏ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶɬɨɜɚɪɵɱɟɪɟɡɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɢɬɞ. Ⱦɥɹɩɟɧ- ɫɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ «Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ». Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ – ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɍɟɦɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ: ɤɚɤ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ- ɦɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɉɥɸɫ», ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤ- ɬɪɨɧɧɨɣɩɨɱɬɟɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɹɯ, ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɫɩɨɪɬɚɥɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɦ Ɇ. ɉɪɨɯɨɪɨɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚ «ɇɨɜɚɹ ɪɨɥɶɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɢ» [25. C. 24]. ȼɄɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɨɦɪɚɣɨɧɟɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɒɤɨɥɚɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ». ȼɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣɤɥɚɫɫ, ɝɞɟɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɬɪɟɧɢɧ- ɝɢ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ». Ȼɨɥɟɟ 300 ɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪɨɜɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ Ʉɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɹɬɢ ɥɟɬ ɨɤɨɧɱɢɥɢ ©ɒɤɨɥɭɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ» [26. C. 2]. ȼ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɪɹɱɢɟ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɢɞɹɳɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɛ- ɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɢɡɌɈɍɇȻɢɦ. Ⱥɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɩɥɨɫɤɨɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɟɤɧɢɝɢɫɭɤ- ɪɭɩɧɟɧɧɵɦɲɪɢɮɬɨɦɢɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɟɫɱɢɬɚ- ɬɟɥɹɦɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɫɚɣɬɚɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ Ɂɵɪɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ 225 ȼɟɪɯɧɟɤɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ, ɉɚɪɚɛɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ, ɑɚɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɢɞɹɳɢɯ. ȼ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɮɥɨɮɥɟɲɩɥɟɟɪɵ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɮɨɧɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶɚɭɞɢɨɤɧɢɝɢɢɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɟɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵɜɫɢɥɭɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɨɬɨɪɜɚɧɵ ɨɬɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɦɢɪɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɞɥɹɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢɨɛ- ɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɩɨɫɟɥɤɟɈɪɟɯɨɜɨɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɶɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɜɞɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɞɥɹɩɨɠɢɥɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɢɢɧɜɚ- ɥɢɞɨɜɧɨɜɵɟɤɧɢɝɢ, ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɬɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɨɡɚɹɜɤɚɦ. ȼɌɵɦɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟ- ɤɟ Ʉɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ «ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɞɨɦ» ɞɥɹɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ, ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɢɦɧɨɝɨɞɟɬɧɵɯɫɟɦɟɣ. ȼɄɨɥɩɚɲɟɜɫɤɨɦɪɚɣɨɧɟɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪɵɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɞɨ- ɦɭ – ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɤɧɢɦɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɥɢɩɪɢɟɡɠɚɟɬɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɛɨɧɟɦɟɧɬɚɰɟɧ- ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ʉɨɥɩɚɲɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ. ȼ 2014 ɝ. ɬɚɤɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ 21 ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ [27. ɋ. 7]. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɸɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɤɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɹɯ, ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚɯ, ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚɯ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ- ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ Ɂɵɪɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɇɨɥɱɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɨɜɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɞɨɫɭɝɚɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪɨɜɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ [28. C. 3]. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɥɸ- ɞɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯȻɚɤɱɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣ- ɨɧɚɜɞɟɤɚɞɭɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɜ 2014 ɝ. ɛɵɥɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɰɟɥɵɣɪɹɞɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ: ɜȻɚɤɱɚɪɫɤɨɣɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɣɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟɩɪɨɲɥɚɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ «ɋɦɨɬ- ɪɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ», ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɦɩɚɪɚɥɢɦɩɢɣɰɚɦ; ɜȼɵɫɨɤɨɹɪɫɤɨɣɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢɫɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ Ⱦɨɦɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɵɥ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɱɟɪ «Ɍɪɢɭɦɮ ɫɦɟɲɧɨɣ ɞɟɜɱɨɧɤɢ», ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɣ 80-ɥɟɬɢɸ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɪɢɫɵ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɢ ɤɢɧɨ ȺȻ. Ɏɪɟɣɧɞɥɢɯ; ɜ Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɢɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɚ «ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ» ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɟɫɬ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɚ VIII ɜɢɞɚ; ɜ Ȼɨɝɚɬɵɪɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɚ «Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɰɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ», ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦ; ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɶɇɨɜɨɛɭɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɮɢɥɢɚɥɚɉɚɪɛɢɝɫɤɨɣɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɇɆ. ɏɨɯɥɨɜɚɩɨɫɟɬɢɥɚɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɜɢɦɜɡɹɬɶɧɚɩɪɨ- ɱɬɟɧɢɟɤɧɢɝɢɧɚɜɵɛɨɪ [29. ɋ. 57–58]. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɵɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɨɜɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɹɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ «ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɣ ɫɟɛɹ». ȼ ɞɟɤɚɞɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ (1– 10 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ) ɜɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɚɹɚɤɰɢɹ ©Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɚɞɨɛɪɨɬɵ», ɜɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɜɯɨɞɹɬɜɟɱɟɪɚɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɨ- ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɨɫɬɢɧɵɟ. Ɍɟɯ, ɤɬɨɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɧɚɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɢɩɨ- ɫɟɳɚɸɬɧɚɞɨɦɭ [30. C. 22]. ȼȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɫɤɨɦɪɚɣɨɧɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɜɡɚɢ- ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɫɈȽȻɍ «Ⱦɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɞɥɹɩɪɟɫɬɚɪɟɥɵɯɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ», ɞɥɹɤɨɬɨ- 226 ɄȺ. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ, ȺȺ. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɚ ɪɨɝɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ [31. ɋ. 10]. ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɞɚɩ- ɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢɤɚɪɬɢɧɢɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ- ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚɥɸɞɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹ- ɦɢ; ɩɪɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ- ɧɵɯɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯɢɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɯɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɠɢɥɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɞɟɤɚɞɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɄɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɌɟɝɭɥɶɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɨɜɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜɪɭɱɚɸɬɢɦɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭ. ɆɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɄɨɥɩɚɲɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɢɩɪɨɟɤɬ ©Ȼɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣɬɭɪ» ɩɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɭɪɢɡɦɚɞɥɹɥɸɞɟɣɫɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ- ɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɟɝɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟɩɨɦɢɦɨɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɩɪɢɧɹɥɢɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ʉɨɥɩɚɲɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ȼ 2015 ɝ. ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɢɫɶ ɨɛɡɨɪɧɵɟ ɷɤɫ- ɤɭɪɫɢɢ «ɋɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɣɝɨɪɨɞɧɚɌɨɦɢ», «ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɟȺɮɢɧɵ», «Ʉɚɡɚɱɢɣɨɫɬɪɨɝ». ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɩɨɫɟɬɢɥɢɌɨɦɫɤɢɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɭɡɟɣ, ɩɪɚ- ɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɵɟɯɪɚɦɵ [15. C. 50–51]. Ɉɫɨɛɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, – ɞɟɬɢ ɢɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟ- ɥɢɬɶɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɢɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɝɪɨɜɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ. ɋ 2009 ɝ. ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɦɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɟ ɩɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɯɤɧɢɝ «ɑɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɜɟɪɢɥɢɜɱɭɞɨ», ɰɟɥɶɤɨɬɨɪɨ- ɝɨ – «ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɭɞɟɬɟɣɫɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦɡɪɟɧɢɹɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɢɩɨɬɪɟɛ- ɧɨɫɬɢɜɱɬɟɧɢɢ, ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸɢɯɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɞɥɹɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɞɟɬɟɣɞɪɭɝɫɞɪɭɝɨɦɢɫɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦɢɫɜɟɪɫɬ- ɧɢɤɚɦɢ» [32]. ȼɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɌɈɍɇȻɢɦ. Ⱥɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ, ɭɱɚɫɬ- ɜɭɸɬɚɜɬɨɪɵɢɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ. Ʉɪɢɜɨɲɟɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚ «Ⱦɟɥɶɮɢɧ» ɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜɫɟɥɚ. ȼɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɢɝɪɨɜɵɟɢɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜɢɩɨɞɟɥɨɤ, ɧɚɜɫɬɪɟɱɢɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸɬɫɹɦɟɫɬɧɵɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ Ɍɟɝɭɥɶɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ «Ʌɸɞɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡ- ɧɵɟ». ɆɟɠɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɁɵɪɹɧɫɤɨ- ɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɜ 2015 ɝ. ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ «Ɉɬ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ», ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɚɥɢɞɟɬɢɢɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹ- ɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɟɬɢɢɡɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɯɫɟɦɟɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɰɟɥɶɸɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɚɛɵɥɨɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɮɨɪɦɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ- ɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɁɵɪɹɧɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɞɨɦɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɥ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. ȼɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɝɨɞɚɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɝɪɨɜɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ 227 ©ɇɟɞɟɥɹɫɤɚɡɨɤ» ɢ «ɒɤɨɥɚɫɭɩɟɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ», ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹɝɨɫɬɢɧɚɹ «ɋɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɟɪɬɶ», ɭɪɨɤ ɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɢɹ «ɋ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɫɟɪɞɰɟɦ, ɫ ɞɨɛɪɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ», ɦɚɫɬɟɪɤɥɚɫɫɩɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɧɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɢɯɢɝɪɭɲɟɤ [14. C. 50]. ȼ Ȼɚɤɱɚɪɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜ 2014 ɝ. ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɢɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ɇɚɥɵɟ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ» ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɛɵɥɢɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵɧɚɞɜɟɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ; ɤɚɠɞɚɹɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɡɚɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɚ ɛɚɥɥɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ – ɨɬɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɚ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɟ [29. ɋ. 52]. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢɢɧɜɚ- ɥɢɞɚɦɢɭɞɟɥɹɟɬȺɧɚɫɬɚɫɶɟɜɫɤɚɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɒɟɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ- ɪɢɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɞɟɬɶɦɢɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟɤɧɢɝɢ, ɱɬɨɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɪɟɱɶɪɟ- ɛɟɧɤɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ. ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɵɢɦɟɸɬɨɱɟɧɶɭɡɤɢɣɤɪɭɝɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɨɩɵɬ, ɜɧɟ- ɫɬɢɜɤɥɚɞɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɞɥɹɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɤɥɭɛɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵ ɤɥɭɛɵ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨ- ɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɩɨɠɢɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯɪɚɣɨɧɨɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɤɥɭɛɵɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪɨɜɢɢɧ- ɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ- ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɞɥɹɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɱɟɪɨɜ, ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɨɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɚɡɞɧɢ- ɤɨɜ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ. ȼɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɤɥɭɛɨɜɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɚ- ɦɨɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ – ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɪɚɡɭɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɢɯɢ ɢ ɩɟɫɧɢ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɞɥɹɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ. Ʉɥɭɛ ɜɟɬɟɪɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ «Ⱦɨɛɪɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ» ɛɵɥ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɜ 1997 ɝ. ɜɄɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɨɣɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ. Ɂɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɹɤɥɭɛɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɞɜɭɯɮɨɪɦɚɯ – ɞɟ- ɥɨɜɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɥɭɛ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪ- ɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɷɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ. ɇɚ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɸɪɢɫɬɵ, ɜɪɚɱɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɚɩɬɟɤ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɪɭɤɨ- ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɨ- ɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛ- ɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɟɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ [33]. ɋ 2006 ɝ. ɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɥɭɛ «ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚ» ɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ (ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɝɨɱɥɟɧɨɜ – ɨɬ 14 ɞɨ 30 ɥɟɬ). ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɛɢɛ- ɥɢɨɬɟɤɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɟɢɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬ- ɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ- ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɞɪɭɝɢ- ɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ, Ɍɨɪɛɟɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɢɌɭɟɧɞɚɬɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ ɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɥɭɛ «Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ- ɧɨɟɨɪɢɝɚɦɢ», ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɞɟɬɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɨɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦɢɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ Ʉɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɚ ©Ƚɧɟɡɞɵɲɤɨ» ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɥɢɫɶɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɛɟɡɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɞɟ- ɬɹɦɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɢ ɭɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- 228 ɄȺ. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ, ȺȺ. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɚ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨ- ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɫɞɟɬɶɦɢ, ɧɟɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɩɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ. ȼɫɟɥɟɉɨɞɝɨɪ- ɧɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɥɭɛ «ȼɟɫɟɥɚɹ ɫɟɦɟɣɤɚ», ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɝɨɞɚɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸɬɫɹɞɟɬɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɢɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɞɥɹɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ, ɢɯɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ. Ʉɥɭɛɵɩɨɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɞɥɹɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɨɦɨ- ɝɚɸɬɜɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɚɦɨ- ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹɞɪɭɝɫɞɪɭɝɨɦɜɧɟɫɬɟɧɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɭ ɜɬɪɭɞɧɵɯɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɸ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ; ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɢɮɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚɦ. Ʉ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ – ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɜɧɢɦɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ. ɉɨɜɵ- ɲɟɧɢɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɨɛɢɛɥɢɨ- ɬɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɌɈɍɇȻ ɢɦ. Ⱥɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɵɞɥɹɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ: «Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟɛɟɡɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɵɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ³Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹɫɪɟɞɚ”» (2015), «Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɚɣɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɣɢɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ» (2016). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɜɚ- ɥɢɞɨɜɜɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ, ɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬ- ɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɢɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɚ- ɡɵ, ɧɟɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɭ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɢɞɹɳɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯɫɚɣɬɨɜ; ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɪɚɛɨɬɟɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɜɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɪɚ- ɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ; ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ «ɨɫɨɛɟɧ- ɧɵɯ» ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɯɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱ- ɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɜɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹɦɧɨɝɢɯɥɸɞɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢ- ɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɞɚɱɢ – ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɢɧ- ɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ- ɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɩɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ; ɩɪɢɨɛ- ɳɚɸɬɤɱɬɟɧɢɸ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɢɯɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ 229 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] // Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ : ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɚɣɬ. URL: http://centersocial.ru/dostupnaya-sreda.html (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 14.09.2016). 2. Ɂɚɤɨɧ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ «Ɉɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɦɞɟɥɟɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɟɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɜ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ» ʋ 573 ɨɬ 09.10.1997 ɝ. (ɫɢɡɦ. ɧɚ 05.10.2015 ɝ.) [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ] // Ʉɨ- ɞɟɤɫ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/951805413 (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 26.09.2016). 3. Ɂɚɤɨɧ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ «ɈɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɟɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɜɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ» ʋ 109-ɈɁ ɨɬ 10.09.2003 ɝ. (ɫ ɢɡɦ. ɧɚ 12.11.2015 ɝ.) [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] // Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/ 951806692 (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 14.09.2016). 4. Ɇɚɪɭɫɢɱɀȼ.Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜɩɨɡɪɟɧɢɸɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɯɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɇ. : Ʌɢɛɟɪɟɹ, 2004. 94 ɫ. 5. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚ Ɇɉ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɟɩɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ : ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣɩɨɞɯɨɞ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2009. ʋ 5. ɋ. 23–30. 6. ɄɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚɆɉ.ɉɭɬɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɪɨɥɢɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɞɥɹɫɥɟɩɵɯɜɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɱɬɟɧɢɹ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2010. ʋ 2. ɋ. 53–60. 7. Ⱥɦɢɧɟɜɚ ȺɊ. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɪɹɱɢɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯ- ɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2011. ʋ 3. ɋ. 63–67. 8. ɋɬɚɪɨɞɭɛɰɟɜɚɅȼ. ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɦɢɪ ɹɪɱɟ: Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ- ɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟɞɟɥɨ. 2015. ʋ 18 (252). ɋ. 16–19. 9. ɌɚɬɨɯɢɧɚɌȺ.Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɫɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɜȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ- ɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] // Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ. ȼɢɪɬɭ- ɚɥɶɧɨɟɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯɫɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɶɸ. URL: http://vmo.rgub.ru/lib_activity/practice/voronezh.php (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 14.09.2016). 10. Ɍɪɭɮɚɧɨɜɚȿȼ. «Ɉɫɨɛɵɟɞɟɬɢ» : ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɢ ɫɤɚɡɤɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ // Ȼɢɛ- ɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟɞɟɥɨ. 2012. ʋ 8 (170). ɋ. 2–4. 11. ɋɚɪɭɯɚɧɨɜɚȿ.ȼɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢɫɫɨɛɨɣɢɦɢɪɨɦ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ. 2011. ʋ 10. ɋ. 40–45. 12. Ȼɚɡɥɨɜɚ ȼȺ. «Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ»: Ʉɥɭɛ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟɞɟɥɨ. 2015. ʋ 18 (252). ɋ. 7–9. 13. Ʉɥɸɹɲɤɢɧɚɂɇ.ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɚɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɞɥɹɫɥɟɩɵɯ : ɜɟɤɬɨɪɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ / ɂɇ. Ʉɥɸɹɲɤɢɧɚ, ȼȼ. Ɍɸɝɚɲɟɜɚ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2010. ʋ 4. ɋ. 116–121. 14. Ɇɢɥɶɤɨɜɚ ȼɇ. Ɍɚɥɚɧɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɪɹɱɢɣ. Ɉ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨ- ɬɟɱɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɄɨɦɢ // Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɟɞɟɥɨ. 2012. ʋ 8 (170). ɋ. 8–12. 15. Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ (ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ) ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ : ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɛɡɨɪɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɡɚ 2015 ɝ / ɫɨɫɬ. Ɍɉ. ȼɟɪɝɚɧɨɜɢɱɭɫ. Ɍɨɦɫɤ, 2016. 139 ɫ. 16. ɅɹɩɤɨɜɚȺȺ.ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ – ɩɨɠɢɥɵɦɢɥɸɞɶɦɢɜɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2015. ʋ 3 (19). C. 96–105. 17. ɅɹɩɤɨɜɚȺȺ.ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɛɢɛɥɢɨ- ɬɟɤ (ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɜ 90-ɟ ɝɝ. XX ɜ.) // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2012. ʋ 3 (7). C. 83–87. 18. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɚ ȺȺ. ɉɪɨɮɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɶɸ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) // ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. 2015. ʋ 1. ɋ. 27–31. 19. Ɇɚɫɹɣɤɢɧɚ ȿȺ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟȼɟɪɯɧɟɤɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɢɑɚɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ) // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2012. ʋ 3 (7). C. 88–101. 20. ɆɚɫɹɣɤɢɧɚȿȺ.Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɩɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ- ɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɢɡɨɩɵɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɵɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɑɚɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚɏɏɜ. / ȿȺ. Ɇɚɫɹɣɤɢɧɚ, ȾȺɍɫɤɨɜɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬ- ɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2013. ʋ 4 (12). C. 67–73. 21. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ ɄȺ.ɋɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2015. ʋ 3 (19). C. 88–95. 230 ɄȺ. Ʉɭɡɨɪɨ, ȺȺ. Ʌɹɩɤɨɜɚ 22. ɄɭɡɨɪɨɄȺ.ɄɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɜɧɚɱɚ- ɥɟɏɏI ɜ. (ɢɡɨɩɵɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɵɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɄɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ, ɄɪɢɜɨɲɟɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɆɨɥɱɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣ- ɨɧɨɜ) // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2012. ʋ 3 (7). C. 74–82. 23. ȾɟɝɬɹɪɺɜɚȺɂ.ɉɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɤɱɬɟɧɢɸɜɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ (ɢɡɨɩɵɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɵɛɢɛ- ɥɢɨɬɟɤɌɨɦɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɌɨɦɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬ- ɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2015. ʋ 3(19). C. 82–87. 24. Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɺɜɚ Ⱥɂ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧ- ɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɯɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɜɟɛɫɚɣɬɨɜɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯɛɢɛɥɢɨ- ɬɟɤ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) // ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɍɨɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2015. ʋ 2 (18). C. 102–111. 25. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɦɟɠɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɄɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɡɚ 2014 ɝ. Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɨ, 2015. 56 ɫ. 26. ɒɚɲɟɥɶɂ. ɏɨɬɢɦɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ! // ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹɩɪɚɜɞɚ. 2016. 1 ɚɩɪ. ɋ. 2. 27. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɆɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ©Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ» ɜ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ. Ʉɨɥɩɚɲɟɜɨ, 2015. 33 ɫ. 28. ɋɜɟɬɥɚɤɨɜɚȿ.Ɂɚɱɚɲɤɨɣɱɚɹɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ // Ɂɧɚɦɹ. 2015. 20 ɨɤɬ. ɋ. 3. 29. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ (ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ) ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤȻɚɤɱɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɡɚ 2014 ɝ. Ȼɚɤɱɚɪ, 2015. 106 ɫ. 30. Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ (ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ) ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚ: ɂɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɛɡɨɪɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɡɚ 2014 ɝ. ɉɟɪɜɨɦɚɣɫɤɨɟ, 2015. 61 ɫ. 31. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɬɱɟɬȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɡɚ 2014 ɝ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞ- ɪɨɜɫɤɨɟ, 2015. 24 ɫ. 32. Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɫ «ɑɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɜɟɪɢɥɢɜɱɭɞɨ» [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ] // Ɍɨɦɫɤɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɚɹɭɧɢ- ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ : ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɚɣɬ. URL: http://rslib.lib.tomsk.ru/page/861/ (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 14.09.2016). 33. Ʉɥɭɛ ©Ⱦɨɛɪɵɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ» – ɞɨɛɪɚɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɤɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɢɯɜɟɬɟɪɚɧɨɜ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟ- ɫɭɪɫ] // Ʉɚɪɝɚɫɨɤɫɤɚɹɦɟɠɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹɪɚɣɨɧɧɚɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ : ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɚɣɬ. URL: http://kargasoklib.sokik.ru/d_vstr.html (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 14.09.2016).

Kuzoro Kristina A., Lyapkova Anna A. Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation). E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Tomsk State University Journal of Cultural Studies and Art History, 2016, (4) 24; 222–233 ɪɪ. DOI: 10.17223/22220836/24/25 SERVICE OF THE READERS WITH DISABILITIES IN MUNICIPAL RURAL LIBRARIES OF TOMSK REGION: ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE Key words: social work, people with disabilities, rural libraries, municipal libraries, Tomsk re- gion.

Public libraries are one of the social institutions that are able to provide social support to citizens with disabilities. The libraries carry out work with disabled people in partnership with the socio-political, social, edu- cational, medical institutions and organizations: regional administrations, sports and fitness complexes, councils of veterans, centers of social rehabilitation for minors, houses of culture. Readers with disabili- ties in all the libraries are assisted in searching for the information, advice on finding and delivering the necessary literature. The information is provided through the stands, thematic folders, booklets. Most of the queries are inquiries about benefits and subsidies, rules of provision of housing, social taxi; issues of charging, calculation and recalculation of pensions. Library staff conduct for disabled courses of com- puter literacy, which teach the disabled to work in Microsoft Word and basic office applications; to use search engines, e-mail, Skype, social networks; to purchase goods via the Internet, etc. Each year, rural libraries get from the Tomsk Regional Universal Scientific Library flatbed books with large print. On the websites of the central libraries of Zyryansky, Verkhneketskijj, Parabelskiy, Chainsky districts versions for the visually impaired people are available. The libraries are equipped with typhlo-technical devices, using which you can listen to audio books and audio magazines. Disabled are invited to all the activities conducted by the library, they are attracted to participate in festivals, celebrations, concerts, exhibitions of arts and crafts. Librarians are the initiators of charita- ble actions for people with disabilities and the elderly; they visit the disabled, hand them gifts, bring the necessary literature, assist in household. Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ 231 A special category of persons with disabilities which the libraries work with are children and ado- lescents. Among the areas of work as a major there can be identified educational and training sessions, cognitive-game programs, games. People with disabilities have a very narrow circle of contacts, and as experience has shown, clubs can contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for their social adaptation. Especially popular clubs are among the older generation, because they allow to activate the creative potential of an elderly person, to realize his creative potential. A library in a rural area is for many people with disabilities the only center of information and entertainment. Libraries perform important social tasks – they help disabled people to integrate into the society, provide them maximum availability of the necessary in- formation, introduce them to reading, cultural life, develop their creative abilities.

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