Message from Chairman >

After a long term service as a professorship at university, I was appointed as the Minister of National Science Council (NSC) in 2000. Before I came to the National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL) in 2004, I had served as the Chairman of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) since 2001. Therefore, I am quite familiar with the missions and operations of national laboratories originally established by NSC. I am glad to see that the national laboratories have been branched out from NSC and have been consolidated into NARL of a non-profit organization in 2003. Establishment of NARL implies that national laboratories are reset at a new staring point of challenge. NARL must have a new vision to enhance future science and technology development in Taiwan.

The primary mission of national laboratories is to provide the large-scale experimental platform and facility to support the academic researches. Functionally speaking, NARL is a service-oriented institution. After reforming into a non-profit organization, NARL should not only provide high- quality services to academia, but should enhance its in-house R&D capability as well. With providing high-quality service and enhancing core R&D competence, NARL will reconstitute its contribution beneficial from a non-profit organization.

In order to enhance NARL’s R&D capacity, each laboratory should sketch its short-term and long-term technical development roadmap based upon their specialties. The implementation plan should include: selection of advanced research topics, team-up of research personnel, allocation of budget, and establishment of thorough review mecha- nism. Additionally, NARL will also enhance the collaboration with other research institutions for building up the core competence. By doing these, it is anticipated that NARL will decrease the ratio of budget funded by the govern- ment year-after-year to constitute NARL’s operations into a non-profit organization.

NARL has the responsibility to reform the national laboratories to face the challenge in the new era. NARL will work closely with you to become one of leading science and technology R&D institutions in Taiwan.

Cheng-I Weng, Ph.D.

Chairman, NARL

> 1 > Message from President > >

Established in 2003, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL) proudly entered 2004 with renewed vitality and resolve. These past years have been very productive for NARL, thanks to the invaluable contributions from every one of NARL’s Board of Directors & Supervisors > Headquarters > colleagues. With skillful guidance provided by the Board of Directors, NARL has successfully evolved from a governmental > Chairman Cheng-I Weng > President Lou-Chuang Lee agency into a non-profi t organization consisting of nine dynamic > Manager Director Ferng-Ching Lin > Vice President Cheng-Hong Chen laboratories. The transformation from the earlier organization, > Manager Director F. C. Tseng which was individually operated by members for over ten years, > Director Nan-Hung-Piao Ting to NARL’s new synergetic structure has not always been an easy > Manager Director Robert Lai > Director Guey-Shin Chang task. How to constitute a common vision, effective business > Manager Director Ching-Jyh Shieh model, and build upon core competencies to the betterment of > Director Hsiang-Tsung Kung > Director Chii-Wen Hung NARL has been our challenge, which we must continually face > Director Se-Hwa Wu and resolve together. > Director Ching-Ping Lu > Director Maw-Kuen Wu In 2004, we warmly welcomed the National Science & Technol- > Director Wen-Hsiung Li ogy Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) as the seventh nation- > Director Shyi-Ming Lin al laboratory to the NARL family. We anticipate that NCDR will > Director Chenming Valvin Hu Laboratories > enhance its collaborations with other NARL laboratories to fully > Director Chun-Yeh Chang > National Nano Device Laboratories integrate and expand its technology throughout the NARL platform. � � � > Director Wei-Jao Chen Director Wei-Xin Ni NARL accomplished many research & development milestones during the year of 2004. Examples include National > Director Ovid JL Tzeng > National Laboratory Animal Center Space Organization’s (NSPO) successful launch and operation of FORMOSAT-2, the fi rst Taiwan-owned high- > Director Gwo-Jiunn Huang Director Ming-Hseng Wang resolution remote sensing satellite. Of note, FORMOSAT-2 carries a scientifi c payload (ISUAL) that is the fi rst > National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering instrument in the world that observes the upper lightning phenomena (red sprites, blue jets, gigantic jets and elves) > Director Chau-Shioung Yeh Director Keh-Chyuan Tsai from space. Also, National Center for High-Performance Computing (NCHC) has built up the Taiwan Advanced > Director Chao-Han Liu > National Space Organnization Research and Education Network (TWAREN) and the Knowledge Innovation National Grid (KING) by construct- > Executive Supervisor Guo-Chung Chi Director Lance Wu ing the computing and networking infrastructure necessary for future decades to come. These tremendous accom- > Supervisor Fong-Yew Kuo plishments attest to the fact that NARL’s research & development capabilities are in step with those of leading > National Center for High-performance Computing > Supervisor John Yu institutions worldwide. Director Joe Juang > Supervisor Shaw-Liang Cheng For the near future, NARL’s goal is to focus on two key areas, “management and operation development” and “core > National Chip Implementation Center mission development.” As part of enhancing management and operation development, NARL will implement a Director Ging-Yang Jou project-oriented management model to effi ciently manage the costs and leverage the performance of all projects. > National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction With respect to core mission development, NARL has preliminarily selected two important topics on which to focus, Director Liang-Chueng Chen “environment and disaster reduction” and “frontier technology innovation.” By consolidating this organization’s > Instrument Technology Research Center most competitive research capabilities, NARL’s core competencies will be strategically maximized. In conclusion, Director Chien-Jen Chen with its new organization and innovative research & development plans, NARL continues to dedicate its service and > Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center research to the Taiwan’s science & technology community. Director Chia-Yin Tsai

Respectfully submitted, Lou-Chuang Lee

President, NARL July, 2005

> 2 > > 3 >

1988 Approval of the 5-year Plan “ National Introduction Sub-Micron Device Laboratory “ by the The National Nano Device Laboratories (NDL) is one of Executive Yuan the eight national laboratories operated by the National 1992 Opening of clean room Applied Research Laboratories (NARL). NDL is locat- 1993 Renamed as “National Nano Device ed in Hsinchu, Taiwan and is next to the Science-based Laboratories” Industrial Park. Construction of NDL started in 1988 Open to academic and industrial when the Executive Yuan, Taiwan, approved a 5-year research work “Submicron Technology Development Project”. Clean 2002 Opening of Tainan Offi ce National Nano Device Laboratories room facilities at NDL were completed in 1992, includ- 2003 Become a non- profi t research and ing class 10, 1000, and 10000 rooms with a total area of development organization > > 2245 m2. NDL has more than 80 pieces of equipment 2004 Opening of the Nanoelectronics Rsearch available to academia and the microelectronics indus- Building try.

The rapid development of microelectronics technol- Mission of NDL National Nano Device Laboratories ogy has made the cost of R&D-related activities very The aim and goal of NDL is to develop nano devices expensive. This has encouraged a global trend in the and nano-related materials; train the high-tech personale microelectronics fi eld of sharing research resources. that is needed for nano techonology, and conduct indus- The main objective for NDL is to provide an up-to-date trial and academic cooperative research, with an eye to research environment for academia to conduct advanced make the most of our research power and resources, with microelectronics studies. To foster the high-caliber the purpose of enhancing Taiwan’s edge in the fi eld of talent needed in the semiconductor industry, NDL also semiconductors both academically and industrially. offers many training programs to graduate students from universities in Taiwan. Many contract-research Silicon-based semiconductor devices and materials programs between NDL and academia/industry not only with a special focus on nano devices and nano science promote high research quality in the area of microelec- technologies are the primary research objective at NDL. tronics, but also strengthen Taiwan’s competitiveness Technical modules for 6-inch CMOS integration have in the IC market worldwide. been produced to fulfi ll research targets and meet service requirements. In the advanced modules process technol- ogies, the focus is on e-beam direct writing, photoresist patterning, front-end and back-end technology, material characterization and high-frequency measurement and modeling.

> 6 > > 7 > Accomplishments cal and electrical phenomena. Electronic struc- ing the measurement error due to probing condition cence at room temperature. ture as well as the transport properties for various variation. 12. Maskless Dry Etching Technique NDL specializes in the research of advanced nano ion channels and nanostructures are investigated. 7. Fabrication of Nano- Dot, Pillar and Cone technology, including nano devices, process, nano Protein folding related to the dynamics behav- We have used maskless dry etching process to fabricate materials, and analysis, so far having many promising ior requires the numerical solution of large scale We had demonstrated a simple method that combines large-area vertically well-aligned nanowires. results. Until 2004, there are 152 papers published in eigenvalue problem; we develop robust solution conventional photolithography with etching techniques 13. Poly-/nano- Crystalline SiGe Superlattices for both domestic and international famous journals, and algorithms for solving the corresponding master to fabricate patterned large-area (up to cm2), high- Applications of Photodetectors, Solar Cells, and 172 papers were presented in conferences. In 2004, NDL equation. In the work of genome alignment, we aspect-ratio (> 20) Si nanostructures, including dot, Thermal Photovoltaic Cells was granted 5 patents, and still 16 patents in pending. develop advanced PC-based Linux cluster system to pillar and cone, with controllable lateral and height perform parallel multiple genome alignment. Very dimensions at low process temperatures. The Si films with controllable crystallinity are synthe- A. Current technological capabilities and related good computational performance has been achieved sized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-chemical research results 8. Selective Growth of Au/Ag Bimetallic Core/Shell in the constructed cluster system. vapor deposition (CVD) method. By inserting a sensing Structures on Patterned Silicon Wafers 1. Polysilicon Thin-film Transistors with Multiple layer (2nm-5um) of multiple nano- and poly- crystalline Nano-wire Channels 4. Nanocrystal Memory Technology Au/Ag bimetallic core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) grew Si (nc-Si, pc-Si) bilayers, which has a periodically and We have investigated the lightly-doped drain (LDD) (1)We have exploit a new technique for preparing selectively on the regions of the surface of the silicon deeply modulated band-structure, within the PIN struc- polysilicon thin-film transistors with a series of multi- nanocrystal with a density of 1×1012/cm2. wafer that had been patterned with the Au seeds. We ture, a constructed nc-SiGe/pc-SiGe superlattice O-E channel with different widths. The ten 67 nm-wide could synthesize well-scattered, high-density thin films converters (SOEC) is expected with high O-E conver- 5. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) split channels TFT has best gate control due to its tri- of Au/Ag bimetallic core/shell NPs. sion efficiency and detectable light spectrum extending gate structure, and has lowest poly-Si grain boundary Metallic multi-walled carbon nanotubes are synthesized to far-infrared. Si SOEC has already exhibited signifi- 9. Nano-bio Chip Fabrication defects. The proposed TFT exhibits high performance by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposi- cant responsivity in the wavelength range of 800-1550 electrical characteristics, such as a high ON/OFF tion method. The cold cathode field emission array of The experimental results demonstrate that the immobi- nm (100uA/w responsivity at 1V bias for 1310nm light current ratio (>109), a steep subthreshold slope (SS) CNT diode devices is fabricated. The threshold field lization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on Au NPs irradiation), and ultra-low dark current of 4uA/cm2 (1 of 137 mV/decade, an absence of drain-induced barrier is as low as 0.7 V/μm (at J=10 μA/cm2) without any has the ability to achieve enantiomeric recognition of V bias). lowering (DIBL), suppressed kink-effect, and superior post-deposition treatment. The current density of 3.9 Dansyl-norvaline. The enantio-selectivity of BSA is B. Cooperative Research reliability. mA/cm2 is attained at the electrical field of 3 V/μm. retained after it was immobilized onto Au NPs. This implies that the immobilization of biomolecules onto To effectively utilize its state-of-the-art research 6. RF Technologies 2. Development of Nano Device Structure Au NPs apparently preserves the activity of these resource, NDL encourages joint research programs One-dimensional silicon nanowire structures have been (1) We proposed an accurate and low-cost method of the molecules. Therefore, the current work has the poten- with the academic community. Graduate students from on-wafer noise figure measurement for low-noise tial to explore the use of SAM for biological molecules domestic and foreign universities may perform research successfully made by using the proximity and accumu- National Nano Device Laboratories lation effects of electron-beam (e-beam) lithography. amplifiers (LNAs). Owing to the well-designed other than BSA. under the supervision of both their advisor and research- Wire structures are fabricated in a thin poly silicon calibration algorithm and the use of an isolator in the ers from NDL. This gives them an excellent “hand-on” 10. Scanning Capacitance Microscopy layer on a silicon substrate with a 400 nm buried SiO2. instrument set-up to eliminate a change in the noise opportunity to become thoroughly familiar with many The device with an extremely narrow channel shows figure of the noise receiver caused by the output We have established the method controlling the photop- aspects of semiconductor technology. On average, NDL Coulomb blockade oscillations at near room tempera- impedance of the device under test (DUT), the erturbation level within scanning capacitance micros- hosted over 143 such cooperative research programs in ture 250 K. We have extracted the total capacitance of measurement accuracy could be achieved indeed. copy (SCM), significantly enhancing the stability of 2004. the quantum dot from the transport properties of the differential capacitance signals measured by SCM. This (2) A device modeling technology for MOS varactors device. allows SCM can be successfully applied to the studies on SOI substrate has been developed with tempera- of the process conditions as well as the electrical activa- 3. Nano Device Modeling and Simulation ture range from 0oC to 150oC. tion of dopants. (1)We first propose an equivalent circuit model of a 5 (3) A macro program has been developed by NDL for 11. Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition nm nanowire field effect transistor. on-wafer characterization and statistic analysis of and Nanofabrication microwave devices. Multi-die, multi-type devices (2)Three-dimensional modeling and simulation of characterization and statistic analysis can be easily We have grown germanium quantum dots on oxide layer ultrasmall nanoscale CMOS devices, such as bulk achieved to get the quantification information that by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and

FinFET, double-gate MOSFET, surrounding-gate Projects with University is very important for device engineers, model- nanofabrication technique. This provides an efficient nanowire FET, have been theoretically and experi- ing engineers and circuit designers. Furthermore, route to control the size and density of quantum dots. mentally explored with our numerical models. automatic moving and probing can dramatically In addition, we also first fabricate porous thin film by vacuum deposition, and integrate mesoporous thin film Figure1-1. Number of cooperative project with universities (3) We computationally explore the multiscale biologi- improve the measurement accuracy by eliminat- with quantum dots to obtain obvious photolumines-

> 8 > > 9 > C. Result of Patent Application science and technology. All our staffs are making Technical Services and Training Courses efforts to provide a better infrastructure for academic research, such that researchers and graduate students Table1-2. Issued patents A.Foundry Services from universities and other research institutes may Besides offering cooperative research programs, NDL Title Country more effectively use the various software and hardware also provides a wide range of foundry services to the facilities at NDL to perform high-profile research at an Direct nano-patterning on low dielectric constant films ROC academic community and industry. Researchers from internationally competitive level, while to train people Method for Manufacturing Titanium-based Barrier with Plasma ROC academia may obtain quick and reliable module servic- Nitridation that are demanded in this exciting high-tech field. We es to meet individual research needs. Currently, NDL Fabrication method of ordered nanodot arrays ROC shall be “Create for the future”. So, along with the road provides over 10,000 module services annually. towards the nano-world, NDL is full of enthusiasm to Method for Manufacturing Metal Gate ROC make contributions in promoting nanotechnologies in Fabrication technique for three-dimensional resist structures ROC Taiwan.

Table 1-3. Patents in pending Figure 1-3. Training course in the clean room of NDL

Title Country Year Device monitor for RF and DC measurements ROC

Fullerene Resist, Fabrication Method and Lithography Thereof ROC Unit:Million dollar (NT)

A dual mode bandpass filter ROC Figure 1-2. Foundry service provided by NDL from 1996-2003 Microwave filter with high spurious suppression ROC The maskless gray scale lithography system for 3D microsystem ROC B. Training manufacturing Surface Acoustic Wave Filter Implementing Diamond and Micro- ROC To meet the future demand of a well-trained workforce wave Micro-strip Line in the microelectronic industry of Taiwan, NDL has Coulomb blockade device operated undrer room temperature ROC expended considerable effort on structuring training Method of fabricating carbon nanofiber ROC programs in the field of IC technology. This makes a

The Fabrication Method of Vertical Single-Electron Transistor ROC significant contribution by strengthening Taiwan’s Near-Infrared Femtosecond Laser-induced Crystallization of competitiveness in the worldwide IC market. The

ROC National Nano Device Laboratories Amorphous Silicon number of students who are trained and qualified to Figure 1-4. Trained and qualified number of students Nonvolatile Flash Memory with HfO2 ROC operate research equipment independently has reached The Method of Making Anti-Reflective Structures by Photoli- ROC more than 500 each year. To boost the utilization rate of thography NDL in the Future A transition between microshield line and conductor-back advanced research facilities, NDL hosts special cours- ROC With the recent development of the processing technol- coplanar waveguide es on the basics of semiconductor technology in the ogies into the nano-meter scale, NDL is facing many Electrical Scanning Probe Microscope Apparatus USA summer and winter. On average, more than 500 people new research topics and new challenges. Therefore, Device monitor for RF and DC measurements USA enroll in these programs each year. NDL will further tighten up links with both the univer- Nonvolatile Flash Memory with HfO2 USA sities and relevant industries, to shift the R & D focus from sole-Si process-oriented to the new generation of nano-materials and nano-devices and relevant applica- tion areas. This strategic change follows the trend in the global research field, and demands a multidisciplinary knowledge base, innovative ideas, long-term efforts, and worldwide collaborations.

Together with researchers and engineers from all over the country in the nano area, NDL aims at efficiently developing research competence and expertise in nano-

> 10 > > 11 > Chronicle National Laboratory Animal Center (formerly “Nation- Research and development of laboratory animal al Laboratory Animal Breeding and Research Center” science funded by National Science Council, administrated NLAC works on improving the quality and the diver- by Executive Yuan) was fi rst founded on December sity of laboratory rodents breeds, establishing a national 5th, 1988 upon the permission of Executive Yuan and rodent repository and gene bank, applying laboratory located in the campus of Sinica Academia, Taipei. The animals in genomics and biomedical science research- center started its service from the summer of 1994. es, as well as interacting with other related fi elds also The major service is the supply of specifi c pathogen requiring the use of laboratory animals. free (SPF) rodents for biomedical researchers, as well Education of laboratory animal science as provided the basic and applied researches in labora- tory animal science. The center was transformed NLAC offers training courses for manage- from a government unit into a juridical association ment and care of laboratory animals, publish- and renamed as “National Laboratory Animal Center” es brief communications and books over the (NLAC) as a nonprofi t organization under the adminis- topic, and supplements on-line knowledge bases. tration of National Applied Research Laboratories. In the past 11 years, the NLAC has evolved and improved Major Accomplishments in 2004 National Laboratory Animal Center as a national laboratory, providing multifunctional and broad-scoped services and assistance for biomedical A. Tasks sciences (Table 2-1). > > 1. Laboratory animal supply 1986 Proposal of the “establishing National High-quality SPF laboratory animals for biomedical Laboratory Animal Center” by the 3rd and pharmaceutical research are bred and reproduced national science and technology in the NLAC, including 3 species of rodents: 10 strains/ meeting (NSC). stocks of mice, 8 strains/stocks of rats, and 1 stock of

1988.12 Permission for founding “National National Laboratory Animal Center hamster (Table 2-2). Laboratory Animal Breeding and Research Center” by Executive Yuan. 2. Research and development 1994 Started operation, as one of the fi ve national laboratories supervised by NLAC focuses on improving breeding management and National Science Council. quality of laboratory animals for research use. Health 2004.01 Organization renovation to the “National and genetics monitoring, Germ free animal foundation Laboratory Animal Center”, affi liated to stocks construction, targeted mutagenesis animal gener- National Applied Research Laboratories. ation, human disease animal models establishment, and other related studies are conducted in the center.

Missions 3. Technical support Resource of animal experiment Laboratory animal related services are provided to the NLAC provides the reproduction, breeding and gener- researchers, such as electronic publications, training ation of laboratory animals as well as other related courses, transgenic mice production, health monitoring, service, in order to fulfi ll the scientifi c requirements of and genetics monitoring services. researchers.

> 12 > > 13 > 表2-1、國家實驗動物中心生產之實驗動物種類與品系 2.Quality Control for Laboratory Animals In addition, 16 sterile isolators were assembled and technologies were successfully used to eliminate the 動物生產 種類 品 系 / 品 種 Animal breeding area and transgenic core facility are inspected for 49 times. pathogen of trichomonads from C3H/He mice. 1,250 1. 無特定病原(SPF)動物 operated in closed environments following the standards mice were produced and passed the microorganism 2.2 Genetic monitoring inspection (Figure2-5). BALB/cByJNarl BALB/cAnNNarl C3H/HeNCrNarl for SPF laboratory animal’s production (Figure2-2). C57BL/6JNarl CBA/CaJNarl DBA/2JNarl Staffs have to take showers and change into sterile lab The inbred strain laboratory animals are genetically 小鼠 10 nu 5.Technical support FVB/NJNarl BALB/cAnN.Cg-Foxn1 /CrlNarl garments before entrance. All the materials have to be homozygosis, bearing 99% resemblance to each other. Narl:ICR Narl:ICR- Foxn1nu processed through disinfection process before entry. The specific characteristics in each strain are retained The services include on-site health and genetic monitor- BN/SsNNarl F344/NNarl LEW/SsNNarl by brother-sister inbreeding. Mixing up close-related ing for customer institutes, transgenic mouse generation 大鼠 8 SHR/NCrlNarl WKY/NCrlNarl The strict operation procedures as well as genetic and Narl:LE Narl:SD Narl:Wistar health monitoring have been used to assure animal strains during breeding will mislead researchers into (Figure2-3), mouse embryo cryopreservation service data miscarriage or wrong interpretation. 21 types and 倉鼠 1 Narl:Syrian hamster quality (Table2-3). and embryo transfer technology for rederivation, 14 types of mouse and rat isozymes, respectively, were pregnant female mouse supply, and information sharing 2. 無菌(GF)動物 2.1 Health monitoring via web technologies. C3H/HeNCrNarl C57BL/6JNarl BALB/cByJNarl 小鼠 4 Narl:Swiss Webster Various inspections regarding animal health are carried 表2-2、93年國家實驗動物中心實驗動物品質管制項目數量 out: 監測種類 / 項目 項次 / 數量 註：Narl為國家實驗動物中心在美國實驗動物研究所(Institute for • ELISA for serum anti-virus antibody detection; 5,043 1. 健康監測 Laboratory Animal Research, ILAR)所註冊之實驗室編號 times.Pathogen control tests for 2,010 times over 543 血清病毒抗體 5043項次 animals. 管制病原菌 2010項次/534隻 B. Results • Pathology anatomies and histology examinations for 病理解剖及組織病理之檢驗 1871片次/864隻 圖2-3、國家實驗動物中心基因轉殖實驗室鼠胚基因顯微 1,871 times over 864 animals. 寄生蟲檢查 2560片次/626隻 1. Laboratory Animal Breeding and Sale 注射操作情形（左）；種原庫以液態氮-196℃低溫冷凍 2. 環境監測 NLAC accepts orders from universities, hospitals, • Parasite examinations for 2,560 times over 626 保存珍貴小鼠種原胚（右） 器具表面、水質監測、人員體表、空氣落菌、煙燻 463項次 research institutes, juridical associations and private animals. 效果及滅菌鍋功能等 organizations. The customers have expanded from 899 used as specific biochemical markers in genetic monitor- 3. 遺傳監測 people from 117 organizations in 2003 to 1357 people ing analysis. The screen was conducted 966 times over 小鼠 966項次/69隻 from 143 organizations in 2004. The sales in 2004 69 animals in 2004. 4. 種原胚冷凍 were NTD33,509,410 from orders of 182,500 animals 品系 10品系 3.Repository of laboratory animal and mouse (Figure2-1). The sales have reached a stable state in 冷凍胚數 6040胚 recent years, and the productivity of the center has also rederivation by pathogen elimination 5. 胚淨化移置復育 come to saturation. Therefore, it is critical to extend 品系 2品系 To assure the use for animals and prevent the extinc- the facility at Tainan Science Park as the secondary 復育小鼠 1078隻

tion caused by accidents, a long-term project for inbred/ National Laboratory Animal Center campus of NLAC, in the hope to carry on more research mutagenesis mice embryo cryopreservation is under demands and provide versatile services. 6.Academic communication and training courses way (Figure2-3). 3,110 frozen embryos from 10 strains of mice were completed in 2004. 2930 frozen embryos • 3 published peer-review journal papers, 11 scientif- from 2 production colony strains were completed as ic conference essays, and 3 technique reports were 圖2-2、國家實驗動物中心基因轉殖動物房之現況：小鼠 well. produced. 飼養在獨立空調之籠架系統（IVC）（後），更換飼墊料 則在隔離操作台（左）內進行，以達到SPF標準 To restore intact strains from pathogens contamination, • The center has participated in the project led by the the protocol of rederivation by embryo transfer technol- ENU mutagenesis program from National Research Also, environment inspection was also conducted in the ogy has been developed. In 2004, 2 commonly-used Program for Genomic Medicine, and a long-term barrier area on a regular basis for 463 times in total: mouse strains were recovered by rederivation: 792 partnership has been established. C57BL/6 mice and 286 BALB/cBy mice were restored • Equipment surface inspection • The ISO9001 certificate for quality control has been and are ready for breeding now. granted to the NLAC. • Water quality examination 4.Gnotobiotic mice production project • 4 of the staff participated in the study abroad • Personnel body surface inspection Caesarean section and aseptic technologies are applied program. 圖2-1、國家實驗動物中心84至93年度實驗動物銷 • Airborne microorganism test to produce germ free mice and related topics studies 售情形 • The center was commissioned to offer 2 “laboratory (Figure2-4). In 2004, 26 sterile isolators were assem- • Fumigator and autoclave effectiveness inspection animal management training” courses for Council of bled; 3 strains and 1 stock of germ free mice were Agriculture. generated (Table2-2). Caesarean section and aseptic

> 14 > > 15 > 2004. In expectation, the Chinese national labora- projects will instead become the main revenues of tory accreditation (CNLA) certificate will be grant- NLAC. ed in 2005. The NLAC is actively applying for 5. Establish the laboratory animal rederivation service the internationally recognized certificate issued by system for contaminated/infected animal clearance Association for the Assessment and Accreditation by the embryo transfer technology. for Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC), which is expected to be granted in 2007. 6. Enhance the supply system of laboratory animals including animals other than rodents. 2. The secondary campus of NLAC located in South Science Park will be finished in 2007. The NLAC 7. Interact with other academic institutes, and include will be able to provide more versatile services expert research fellows to lead the field of laboratory 圖2-4、無菌動物產製運作情形：以隔離操作箱飼養無菌動物，平日動物所需的飼料、水、墊料及飼育盒等器具， toward the biomedicine field and the biotechnology animal science in Taiwan. The future directions of 均須滅菌後再送入無菌隔離操作箱使用（左）；每週定期更換飼育盒、加水、換飼料並觀察記錄等（右） industry by then. long-term business and research achievement will be clearly outlined to develop and ideal environ- 3. The NLAC will establish standardized procedures for ment for laboratory animal science researches, so as opinions. NLAC is committed to educate researchers laboratory animal disease diagnosis and the diagno- to attract domestic and foreign scholars to perform about the legitimate application of laboratory animals. sis system serving in the national scale. The lack short-term projects in NLAC. Education Outreach At the same time, NLAC is also on a mission to make the of an efficient and sensitive diagnosis system based public to understand the necessity of laboratory animal on veterinarian pathology will be complemented by NLAC is responsible for reasonable resource distribu- The tasks and specific aims in 2004 are summed up use in its minimal extent and no abuse and unnecessary the efforts, which also will benefit toxicology and tion and education regarding laboratory animals. It is below: sacrifice is to be done. genomics researches. equally important for both the scientific applications of Strategies: We reinforced the organizational effec- laboratory animals and the protection of animal rights in Vision 4. National laboratory animal repository by embryo tiveness and technological efficiency for better research a humane way. To supervise the appropriate laboratory cryopreservation is under construction. quality. The secondary campus of NLAC in South animal treatment, Council of Agriculture of Executive Science Park construction plans and the plan of moving 5. Establish techniques for operating sterile isolator Yuan set up “Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee” to the biomedical campus in Hsinchu Science Park were and handling gnotobiotic/germ-free animals. in 1999. The “Rules for the Formation of the Animal executed. Experimentation Management Unit” were announced B. Intermediate and Long-term Goals in June 2000. It is now mandatory to set up a labora- Business tasks: The production rate has been stabi- Upon the construction of the NLAC secondary campus, tory animal management committee in every institute lized and the balance between quantity and quality has the goals listed below will be realized: that uses laboratory animals in research since July 12th reached a steady state. The technical services provided have been diversified and more efficient. 2002. The committee should direct the adequate appli- 1. Increase strains and quantity of animals required by cations and forbid the abuse of laboratory animals. To National Laboratory Animal Center biomedical researches and biotechnology industries Achievements: NLAC has become a laboratory of consult and help the institutes which conform with the in Taiwan, achieve accident risk dispersion, and production, technology development and research in animal protection laws, the NLAC was commissioned reach the supply/demand balance between north laboratory animal science by national standards. by Council of Agriculture to provide 14 courses on the and south. topics of laboratory animal breeding management and To promote biomedical research in Taiwan, in addition pet rodent professional training in which 3,500 train- 2. Provide assistance and technical support to biotech- to the effort of supplying high-quality laboratory ees were admitted and granted certificates during years nology companies in the Science Park on hardware/ animals, providing technical support and conducting 圖2-5、無菌小鼠腸道形態學特徵：因沒有微生物協助代 2000 to 2004. The preliminary results are promising software installations and operations, and become a related studies, we endeavor to be recognized interna- 謝，腸內容物呈現液態且盲腸腫大(A)；因無微生物抗原刺 in the aspect of advocating the animal protection laws resource center for biotech industry. tionally by acquiring the CNLA and AAALAC certi- 激，使腸道免疫組織發育不全，腸道絨毛上皮基底層空間 and the concepts of “3Rs”-- replacement, reduction and fication. Through the execution of plans mentioned 變大，僅含少量細胞(B)；細胞表面附有一層中性黏液(C,D)。 3. Establish middle and long-term human resource refinement-- in the field of research. above, the NLAC is expected to play an essential role 以上無菌小鼠在SPF化後，腸道形態學特徵均會消失 training programs to meet all technical manpower for the sustainable development of biomedical science The comprehensive studies of laboratory animal science requirements for laboratory animal research. and biotech industry in Taiwan, and eventually become are helpful to remedy the flaws in previous animal The future goals in a short, intermediate and long-term 4. Gradually reduce the dependence of government a resource center in the international society of labora- experiments, such as the difficulty to accurately repro- period are listed below: funding yearly. The income from regular business tory animal science. duce the data, pollution imposed on the environment and practice such as laboratory animal supply, relat- public health, as well as the lack of conscience about A. Short-Term Goals ed technical support, registration fee for training animal welfare that would invoke controversial public 1. NLAC has obtained the ISO9001 certification in course, and grants from commissioned research

> 16 > > 17 > Chronicle 1. Planning, integration, facilitation and implementa- 1989/10 Approval by the Executive Yuan to set tion of multidisciplinary research projects on earth- up a preparatory offi ce for the Nation al Center for Research on Earthquake quake engineering. Engineering. 2. Operation and management of the large structural 1990/03 Offi cial establishment of the Nation- laboratory and implementation of related experi- al Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, which was supervised ments. and managed by the National Taiwan University under a project contract with 3. Collection, distribution, and promotion of research the National Science Council of Taiwan. information and fi ndings in the fi elds of earthquake 1992/04 Establishment of a seismic experimen engineering. tal park in the campus of the National Ilan Institute of Agriculture and Technol 4. Revision of region-dependent seismic design ogy free of charge. codes suitable for civil infrastructure systems and 1993/08 Initiation of the construction project for engineered structures in Taiwan, and development the main building and the large-scale of innovative construction methods. structural laboratory. 5. Earthquake-induced loss assessment through compu- 1997/07 Completion of the construction project for the tri-axial seismic shaking table tational simulation. facilities. 6. Miscellaneous duties such as earthquake reconnais- 1997/11 Moving into the newly constructed main National Center for Research on Earthquake building. sance and international collaborations. 1998/11 Inauguration ceremony for the newly > > constructed building and the large-scale Major Achievements structural laboratory. A. Research 2003/01 Becoming a nonprofi t organization, and a member laboratory of the National 1. Development of performance-based seismic Applied Research Laboratories. design methods to enhance earthquake resilience 2004/11 Signing memorandum of understand of new civil structures

ing with Kyoto University to promote National Center for Research on Earthquake research collaboration. NCREE integrates its research fi ndings on bridge pier retrofi tting technologies, base isolation and energy dissipation devices to accomplish: (1) review and Missions revision recommendations for the offi cial provisions With an aim to promote innovation and creativity of and commentary for railway bridge seismic regulations; domestic earthquake engineering research and trans- (2) seismic regulations for performance evaluation of fer the state-of-the-art technologies to the industry, the base isolation and energy dissipation systems and corre- NCREE unites researchers and practicing professionals sponding governmental measures to fulfi ll such goals. to integrate knowledge and expertise with the computa- In addition, extensive study was conducted on perfor- tional and experimental facilities in earthquake-related mance-based seismic design and analysis methods and fi elds, and to participate in the basic and applied research the “Advisory Committee for the Evaluation of Seismic that resolves critical seismic engineering issues. As Design Code Documents” was formed to propose such, the missions of the NCREE include: comments and revision suggestions on existing seismic design codes.

> 18 > > 19 > 2. Development of structural diagnosis technolo- ment of bridge health monitoring system and accom- and TFT-LCD manufacturers, gies and retrofit schemes in accordance with the panying warning system; proposed 5 feasible retrofit etc. to improve their seismic urgent needs to upgrade earthquake resilience of schemes for RC frame buildings with nonstructural wall resilience and to reduce earth- existing civil structures infill and verified these retrofit schemes through numer- quake-induced loss using NCREE collaborated with the Ministry of Education ous cyclic tests and took advantage of these data to structural control devices; in completing the Stage-1 performance evaluation and develop reliable analysis methods in evaluating perfor- assisted industry owners recommended retrofit plan for elementary and junior mance after retrofit such that economic and efficient in making efficient seismic high school buildings; proposed a data-validated fast retrofit schemes can be expected with confidence. retrofit plans for existing hi- evaluation procedure for seismic performance of school tech fabs within reasonable 3. Development of TELES decision support system buildings; filled out fast evaluation forms of seismic cost, of which effectiveness to match the needs for earthquake emergency performance for school buildings in Taipei County has been proven during past response and risk management and Taipei City and documented these data; conducted small to moderate earthquake rational seismic analysis for school buildings having NCREE worked together with the National Science and events; conducted integrative immediate danger to earthquake failure and proposed Technology Center for Disaster Reduction to promote NSC research with focus on immediate retrofit plans; verified school building retrofit collaborating institute project in disaster reduction; advanced structural systems, schemes through full-scale laboratory testing to ensure brought together academic institutions and local govern- components and structural life safety and functionality within affordable cost; ment agencies and utilized TELES software to brace control technologies, includ- collaborated with the Directorate General of Highways, government units and community in disaster prepared- ing 2004 projects such as the Figure 3-2. Taiwan-Canada collaborative experiment the Ministry of Transportation and Communication ness, emergency response and rescue plan; assisted “development of innovative (MOTC) to develop a health monitoring system during Hsinchu City Government to make a regional plan for pre-stressed structural systems” networked Taiwan-Canada international collaborative the repair period of Gi-Lu Cable-stayed Bridge in order disaster prevention, post-disaster rescue and related field and “structural control and system identification”; other pseudo-dynamic experiment (Fig. 2) and this networked to evaluate the seismic resilience and repair effective- tasks in the possible upcoming events; assisted Taipei research achievements included development of innova- experiment will be conducted in 2005, and developed a ness before the bridge was officially open to general City Government in making post-earthquake rescue tive seismic protection devices and franchise of such prototype for the nonlinear and inelastic static/dynamic public transportation; conducted integrative research plan and prepared emergency route map (Fig. 1); took technologies like: (1) innovative rolling type bearing 3D structural analysis platform PISA/VISA. project on performance-based seismic design, evalu- Taipei City as the study area to incorporate 7 addition- system for protection of civil structures and facilities ation and retrofit of bridge functional bearing systems al databases into TELES for the needs of earthquake under strong motions and the patent application has 6. Establishment of earthquake engineering knowl- sponsored by Sustainable Development Research preparedness, dispatch of rescue force, and manage- been on file, (2) fiber Bragg grating sensor and the edge base for sharing and promotion of research Committee of NSC; devoted to research on the employ- ment of post-earthquake emergency medical resources; patent application has been on file, (3) developed fully findings enhanced capability of existing TELES analysis modules detachable buckling restrained brace and the patent has NCREE conducted collaborative investigation with in predicting occurrence probability and magnitude of been registered, (4) assisting the Ministry of Transpor- the Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the liquefaction and landslide; continued to collect boring tation and Communications to prepare the “Technical Interior in the “Development of Knowledge Taxonomy log data and disseminated such data through TELES Manual for Bridge Health Monitoring using Optical and Knowledge-Interoperation Standards for Construc- to predict landslide probability and ground settlement Fiber Sensors.” tion Industry“ to establish a knowledge management amount; performed slope analyses using geological and

5. Establishment of world-class experimental website (http://ckm.caece.net) for seismic design and National Center for Research on Earthquake topological contour maps to estimate landslide sensitiv- environment in support of continual improvement hazard mitigation, in which through a framework ity; collected and disseminated gas pipeline and facil- of experimental and numerical simulation capabil- of theme maps basic and advanced knowledge and ity information from the Great Taipei Gas Corporation ity accompanying search engine are provided for profes- to improve the accuracy of earthquake loss estimation, sional engineers, and general knowledge on disas- including damage level, recovery time and required NCREE has been preparing accreditation application ter prevention is provided for teachers, students and labor force for recovery; reduced the computational of testing and calibration laboratory to the Chinese general public; collected boring log data of 39 TSMIP time for earthquake loss estimation from 90sec to 30sec National Laboratory Accreditation (CNLA). This stations to increase the current surveyed stations to a so that decision time is lengthened for the commanding task includes comparative calibration system for low- total number of 266 and construction of such database. officer of the National Disaster Management Center. frequency range accelerometers (accredited), and “triax- Among these, geological information of 227 stations ial earthquake simulator testing system” and “seismic 4. Development of innovative seismic technolo- was released on the internet, and there have been 37 energy dissipation device testing system” (accreditation gies to deliver sustainable structural system individual users, and many other international research in process). NCREE made efforts to upgrade its labora- organizations (e.g., PEER from the States.) Empiri- NCREE conducted integrative research projects tory to become networked with domestic and interna- cal equations have been developed for the shear wave sponsored by NSC to study critical seismic issues on tional research institutions; during the past year NCREE velocity of the alluvial plain in Southwestern Taiwan hi-tech opto-electronic industry such as semiconductor also completed the design and pre-test simulation of a Figure 3-1. Intra-district (blue line) and primary inter-district (red line) rescue routes of Taipei City > 20 > > 21 > using geological data of these 227 stations. Company; (7) seismic hazard de-aggregation and structural reliability analysis of hi-tech electronic 7. Integration of earthquake engineering and earth factories within science and industrial parks. science to facilitate the transformation of basic research into practical applications Table 3-1. Patents Approved The return period and magnitude of the most likely earthquake events in Hsinchen Fault, Shihtan Fault, Patent Name Country and Huatung Longitudinal Valley Fault have been Double-Cored Double-Tubed Buckling Restrained Brace ROC Method for Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Columns using determined using information provided by the Central ROC Polygonal Tube Geological Survey of MOEA. NCREE also gener- Steel Beam-to-Column Connection with External Clamping ROC ated probability distribution maps of the most likely Diaphragms and Stiffeners earthquake events in Taiwan within the next 30 to 50 Corner Stiffening Device for Concrete-Filled Tube (CFT) Column ROC years using areal seismic source models and renewed Earthquake-Resisting Control System for High-Rise Building ROC seismic magnitude recurrence relations for active fault Two-Dimensional Test Container with Flexible Boundary ROC lines; provided model recommendations to account for Seismic brace with a removable restraining member disposed Japan local site effects; adopted microzonation methodol- around a middle portion an elongated central brace unit Method for Strengthening Structural Element using Steel Stiffen- ogy in seismic design code documents in metropolitan ROC ers and Fibrous Composite area; generated suites of hazard compatible earthquake Method for Strengthening or Repairing an Existing Reinforced ROC motions for local government agencies to make disaster Concrete Structural Element mitigation plans and preliminary loss estimation, and for insurance companies to determine insurance premi- Table 3-2. Patents Pending um as well; developed near-fault earthquake simulation 專利名稱 國別 methods with consideration of source mechanism to Earthquake-Resisting and Energy-Dispersing Structural ROC、Canada Figure 3-3. The 4th IDEER Student Competition to promote earthquake education foster rational modeling of near-fault effects in design Assembly, and Method for Installing the Same code provisions; conducted large-scale laminar biaxial Seismic Isolation Bearing Assembly with a Frame Unit for JapanROC、USA、 shear box tests on shaking table to facilitate the finding Supporting a Machine Body Thereon for promoting interaction between Taiwanese Seismic Regulations for New Buildings (Draft), Seismic brace with a removable restraining member and international graduate students in earth- Lectures on Base Isolation and Energy Dissi- of rational formula for evaluating liquefaction potential disposed around a middle portion an elongated central USA under earthquake excitation. brace unit quake engineering research pation System, Lectures on Seismic Design Cable-Typed Optical Fibre Sensor Device and its Manufac- ROC of Steel and Concrete Composite Structures, turing Method 3. International Training Program for Seismic B. Externally Funded Projects Workshop on TELES Decision Support System, Application of Sensor Device in Geotechnical and River ROC Design of Structures: ITP 2004 invited practic- Monitoring System Workshop on Seismic Assessment and Retro- Assisting governmental and private sectors in resolv- ing engineers and researchers from Southeast Method and Application of Optical Fibre Dial Gauge in fit of Low-Ductility RC Building Frames with ing seismic issues: (1) preliminary seismic performance ROC Highway Monitoring System of Overspeed and Overload Asia and Latin America to improve seismic evaluation of elementary and junior high school build- Nonstructural Walls. Anchorage System for Structural Reinforcement of Fiber design practice in developing countries, and ROC ings in Taipei City and Taipei County sponsored by the Reinforced Plastic Materials and the Like thereby created a new form of strengthening National Center for Research on Earthquake Ministry of Education; (2) review of seismic retrofit Taiwan’s diplomatic connections with interna- Vision plans of elementary and junior high school buildings tional community. In accordance with the national need of pre-earth- sponsored by the Ministry of Education; (3) structural Education Program and Outreach Activities quake preparedness, emergency response, and post- analysis of Gi-Lu Cable-stayed Bridge and its accompa- 4. International Conferences and National 1. The 4th IDEERS Student Competition - Inter- earthquake recovery, NCREE will continue to take nying repair/retrofit plan and health monitoring system Workshops: the 3rd Taiwan-Japan Workshop on school Challenge in Making Earthquake- advantage of its outstanding experimental facili- sponsored by the Directorate General of Highways, Lifeline Performance and Disaster Mitigation, resistant Miniature Building Frames (Fig. 3): ties, world class technical capability and unparal- the Ministry of Transportation and Communication the NSC/NRC Joint Workshop on Construc- International college students from UK, Japan, leled earthquake-related database to bring together (MOTC); (4) bridge scouring observation and warning tion Technologies, the International Conference USA and Hong Kong and foreign high school domestic researchers and encourage international system using optical fiber sensors sponsored by the in Commemoration of the 5th Anniversary of students in Taiwan were all invited to join the collaborations to initiate innovation and consolida- Directorate General of Highways, MOTC ; (5) post- the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, Professor T.Y. competition to enhance earthquake awareness tion of modern technologies to reach the final goal earthquake rescue route map and civilian evacuation Lin Forum, the TAIWAN/CAANDR Joint and fundamental knowledge of earthquake of reducing life and property losses due to earth- route map for the City of Taipei sponsored by Taipei Workshop on Building Regulatory Practice, and engineering. quakes. Throughout continual efforts, it is hoped City Government; (6) seismic hazard re-analysis of domestic workshops, including the Workshop that NCREE will become a well known and respect- Nuclear Power Plant No. 4 sponsored by Taiwan Power 2. Graduate Students Symposia: great opportunities on New Provisions and Commentary for ed international research center in the near future.

> 22 > > 23 > Chronicle The national space program of Taiwan started in October As transformed into a non-profi t organization under 1991 after the approval of the fi fteen-year “Long-term the National Applied Research Laboratory (NARL) of Planning of the ROC Space Technology Development” NSC in June of 2003 and renamed as National Space (The First Phase Space Program). National Space Organization in March 2005, NSPO will emphasize its Program Offi ce (NSPO) was established by the Nation- effort on the successful completion of the First Phase al Science Council (NSC) of the Executive Yuan at the Space Program and development of the programs for same time as an implementing agency to execute the the Second Phase Space Program. national space program. Specifi c goals of the fi rst phase National Space Organnization space program are:

> > • To establish the organization and technology for space Missions and Research Areas program development; The second phase space program has been offi cially • To build up human resources required for space started in 2004. Execution of programs will be catego-

programs; rized into based on the following four groups: National Space Organnization

• To develop three satellite programs; • Mission driven programs, i.e. broadband communica- tion satellite and remote sensing follow-on satellite ; • To establish a resource satellite receiving station. • Technology driven programs, i.e. satellite system Since its establishment, NSPO, supported by industries, development program, space technology develop- universities, and research institutes, has established ment program, and advanced technology develop- essential capabilities system engineering, spacecraft ment programs; design, integration and testing, mission operation and infrastructure including ground systems and satellite • Satellite application programs, i.e. remote sensing integration and test facility for developing and imple- imaging data application and distribution; menting space programs • International cooperation programs to create opportu- To continue Taiwan’s space technology development, nities for domestic team to work with top level inter- a Second Phase Space Program (2004-2018) has been national science team. approved in December 2002 with the goal to continuous The major goal for the mission driven program is to developing the self-reliant space technology, enhancing acquire the best satellite system for Taiwan and the goal domestic space science researches, increasing partici- for the technology driven program is to develop Taiwan pation of domestic companies, and promoting interna- made satellite system. tional cooperation.

> 24 > > 25 > Major programs executed by NSPO in 2004 can be Accomplishments described as follows: The year of 2004 fell on the transition period between 1. FORMOSAT-2 Program the fi rst and second space program. Accomplishment The main mission of FORMOSAT-2 program is to for the year can be summarized as follows: develop a satellite for earth remote sensing and for 1. Success of FORMOSAT-2 Launch observing upper atmospheric lightning. The remote sensing mission is to take satellite imaging data for The satellite was successfully launched on 21 May 2004 fulfi lling Taiwan civilian needs. The images will be and operates well since then. The fi rst imaging data was used to monitor the environment and resources through- received on 4 June 2005 and the fi rst red sprite image out the Taiwan main island, the offshore remote islands, was received on 4 July 2004. The success of FORMO- SAT-2 symbols a major milestone in the history of Taiwan Strait, and its surrounding ocean. FORMOSAT- conduct climate, ionosphere, and gravity research. Taiwan’s space technology development. 2 may also obtain similar images over other regions of this database on a monthly basis and to generate a cloud 3. Broadband Communication Satellite System the world for international cooperation. The phenom- 2. Success of FORMOSAT-2 Early Orbit Opera- free satellite image of Taiwan Island quarterly. (BCSS) Program ena of upper atmospheric lightning will be investigated tion For domestic market, the data will be distributed through using an imager payload, which will be the fi rst scien- This program will develop a geostationary satellite After the FORMOSAT-2 launch, the orbit transfer distribution centers. NSPO has signed agreement with tifi c instrument in the world to observe this phenomena system to provide a protected and seamless communi- maneuvers were completed in 11 days, earlier than National Taiwan Normal University and National from a satellite. cations system to fulfi ll national secure communication planned. Cheng Kung University in 2004 and close to agree- needs. The program will also implement a broadband 2. FORMOSAT-3 Program ment with the National Taiwan University and National multi-media network to serve the users. FORMOSAT-3 program, also known as the FORMO- Central University. For the international market, data SAT-3/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for 4. The Remote Sensing Follow-on Satellite will be distributed through Spot Images. Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) mission, is a large Program 5. Science Achievement scale collaborate program between NSPO and Univer- To develop a high resolution optical remote sensing The scientifi c payload -“Imager of Sprites and Upper sity Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) of satellite to be launched before the end of FORMOSAT- Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL)” has been collecting the US. The goal of this program is to launch a constel- 2 mission in order to provide continuous service to the aurora, air glow, and transient luminous events (TLEs) lation of six micro-satellites to collect atmospheric user group and to keep Taiwan’s capability of providing data, such as Red sprites, blue jets, and elves since remote sensing data for monitoring weather and to remote sensing data. This program will also emphasize FORMOSAT-2 launch. on international cooperation and resource sharing for National Space Organnization best economic benefi t. The ISUAL Science Team is continuing the effort on conducting ground observation experiments. The team also observed many TLEs, such as Red sprites, blue 5. The Sounding Rocket Program jets, and gigantic jets. 3. Success Development of Image Processing Main purpose of this program is to satisfy the needs An international “FORMOSAT-2 Science Workshop: System of research community for exploring Taiwan upper atmosphere, ionosphere, neutral winds, and micro- NSPO engineers successfully develop an in-house gravity studies. It also supports the spacecraft compo- image processing system which is capable of processing nents development for space environments verifi cation. raw data downloaded from FORMOSAT-2 and distrib- ute images to relevant originations in charge of disaster 6. Satellite System Development Program prevention and rescue. Those images provided accurate The major goal of this program is to enhance the self- geological information needed for disaster investigation standing satellite bus development capabilities. This and assessment in the aftermath of fl ood on July 2nd of program will emphasis on the bus system and subsys- 2004 and typhoon Aere in late August of 2004. tems technology. The bus components will be developed 4. Establishment of remote sensing image through the Space Technology Development Program database and the payload instrument will be developed through the Advance Technology Development Program. NSPO has established a complete set of Taiwan’s remote sensing images database. It is planned to update 圖4-5、AMS-02計畫 圖4-1、組裝與測試中的福衛三號

> 26 > > 27 > national journals and workshops by IPEI science team.

9. Sounding Rocket Science Accomplishment

Sounding Rocket-4 was successfully lifted off with two Taiwan-made scientifi c payloads, i.e. an instant GPS Receiver and an Air-Glow Photometer, to probe the air- glow phenomena of Taiwan Upper Atmosphere and to improve the calculation of sounding rocket positioning. 11. ISO 9001:2000 certifi cation students in a course on spacecraft engineering at the The success of Sounding Rocket-4 has accomplished NSPO has passed ISO 9001:2000 certifi cation. This National Cheng Kung University. a milestone of complete Taiwan made sounding rocket certifi cation includes satellite design/manufacture/ and scientifi c payloads. integration & test, launch support, spacecraft monitor- Vision ing, payload monitoring, scientifi c data receiving/ 10. AMS-02 Program The major goal of the First Phase Space Program is processing and relevant technology transfer. The certi- Participating in theAMS-02 mission coordinated by Dr. to establish capability and infrastructure for Taiwan’s fi cation process was completed on 11 June 2004. Samuel Ting and responsible for the design and testing space technology development. Based on this corner- Red Sprites and of the power distribution system as well as the thermal The Quality Control System adopted by NSPO is based stone, Second Phase Space Program is to establish Remote Sensing” was held at Acer Aspire Park Taiwan, design and testing of electronics crates. These compo- on ISO 9001:2000 combined with AS9100 and NASA NSPO as the world-class space research organization on 18 May 2004. Fifteen papers were presented in this nents will be utilized on the International Space Station and ESA advanced quality system. which leads Taiwan to be one of the cutting edge space workshop. (ISS) during the ASM-02 mission. technology country in Asia and an important player in 12. Second Phase Space program world space community. 6. FORMOSAT-3 I&T Activities at NSPO A total of six programs planned for the second phase NSPO is going to accomplish this vision by strengthen- The integration and test of the fi rst satellite was complet- space program were started in 2004. They are: the ing the research and development through the technol- ed at the facility of Orbital Science Cooperation in the Remote Sensing Follow-on Satellite Program, the Broad- ogy driven programs and space technology outreach US by the NSPO and Orbital integrated engineering band Communication Satellite Program, the Satellite and applications. team. System Development Program, the Space Technology Development Program, the Sounding Rocket Program, Besides satellite related programs, NSPO will also The remaining fi ve satellites of the constellation are and the International Cooperation Program. take necessary steps in this year to take every advan- currently undergoing integration and test at NSPO I&T tages of being a non-profi t organization by creating a facility by NSPO engineers. well-balanced strategy between mission and technol- Education Outreach National Space Organnization 7. FORMOSAT-3 Science Achievement ogy development as well as a professional, crystal-clear NSPO values the importance of education by mentor- management system and working environment. TACC (Taiwan Analysis Center of COSMIC) at CWB ing, tutoring, and participating in after-school programs. (Central Weather Bureau) was setup by mid-2004. During 2004: NSPO engineers are working with CWB to install the • Professional societies, educational groups, govern- software for validation of the functions of the post- ment agencies and certain guests visited NSPO processing data. Mission Operation Center and the Integration and “FORMOSAT-3 Radio Occultation Science Workshop” Test facility where FORMOSAT-3 satellite and space was held at Aspire Park of Lung-Tang of Tao-Yuan hardware are demonstrated. Hsian from May 19-20. A total of 33 papers were • NSPO staff members and engineers assisted Tam presented in the workshop from 5 countries. Kang University to offer the “Aerospace & Aviation 8. FORMOSAT-1 Science Accomplishment Summer Program”, a summer extension program for The IPEI science team continued their effort on organiz- junior and senior high school students and the Educa- ing and analyzing the measurement data and distributed tional Promotion of Public Awareness Science Explo- to the US Air force laboratory, UT Dallas, Korea Kaist ration Technology Program organized by National University and ground radar observatory stations for Cheng Kung University aiming at space education their sage. for elementary and secondary school teachers. Even more, NSPO engineers offered their expertise on 圖4-9、福衛二號主要構成元件 Total of 21 papers were published in the domestic/inter- satellite, payload, and orbit mechanics to graduate 圖4-7、福衛二號發射升空

> 28 > > 29 > Introduction The NCHC Milestone

The National Center for High-Performance Comput- 1989/07 The National Science Council and Ministry ing (NCHC) is one of the six national laboratories of Education forms a committee to conduct a under Taiwan’s National Applied Research Laborato- feasibility study for the building of a national ries (NARL). The NCHC is the only national center high-performance computing laboratory to provide high-performance computing and network 1993/02 The new building in the Hsinchu Science Park is completed and operational resources for scientifi c research and technology devel- opment in Taiwan. Our mission is to be Taiwan’s 2002/05 Established the NCHC Southern business unit in Tainan, Taiwan premier high-performance computing and networking National Center for High-performance Computing resource provider by supporting academia and indus- 2003/01 Transformed into a body corporate (non- profi t organization)Initiated the TWAREN try with cutting-edge hardware and software resourc- and KING projects as part of the Executive > > es, advanced R&D and application development, and Yuan’s “Challenge 2008”project professional training. 2004/04 TWAREN becomes operational The NCHC is deeply devoted to the development of 2004/11 Established the NCHC Central business unit Grid technology in order to contribute to better daily in Taichung, Taiwan living. Grid technology integrates all of our HPC, 2004/11 Became ISO Certifi ed

networking, storage, and database resources. Further- National Center for High-performance Computing more, the NCHC packages its resources to provide our customers with customized services. All services offered include the highest level of quality available. Currently, the NCHC has fully developed applications in research areas such as medicine, ecology, biology, hazard mitigation and nano technology.

The NCHC also allies with national and internation- al collaborators to develop applications that will have great impact on the environment and daily living. These applications compliment as well as integrate our Compu- tational Resource Center (Northern Hsinchu offi ce and Headquarters), Grid Operation Center (Central Taichung business unit), and our Network Operation Center (NOC) (Southern Tainan business unit).

> 30 > > 31 > NCHC, the University System of Taiwan (UST), between North Temperate Lakes and Taiwanese lakes National Tsing Hua University Brain Research Center, and to design a cyber infrastructure for future grid- and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA. The Fly based lake studies. Brain Neurogenomics Project created the world’s first E. Medical Grid online interactive 3D brain database. In 2004, the NCHC’s Asthma Grid project had 400 The NCHC, the Brain Research Center (BRC) of UST, physicians and 11,000 patients participating in total. and the United States’ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Asthma patient Emergency rooms visits dropped by a formally signed an international cooperative agree- Figure 5-1. The NCHC’s three business units full 8.5% in 2004 as a direct result of the Asthma Grid ment. project. Approximately 31% of Taiwan’s asthma suffer- ers are participating in the homecare-based Asthma Grid project. Also, the USA’s GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has expressed interested in cooperating with the NCHC’s The NCHC utilizes CAD/CAE software to get better Asthma Grid project. The NCHC’s latest Medial Grid results in the manufacturing of optical electronics. The project, Lung Cancer Grid, has 200 patients and 25 NCHC’s current electro-optical engineering focus is on physicians in total participating as well. improving the primary components of the LCD monitor. This project places a special emphasis on the develop- F. Flood Mitigation Grid ment and design of the LCD’s backlight module, LCD The NCHC’s primary 2004 Grid applications focus wide-view panel technology, optical lenses, and laser was on the Flood Mitigation Grid. The NCHC assisted accessories. This research has been utilized by several the Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic of Taiwan’s leading electro-optical device manufactur- Affairs, to establish a flood hazard mitigation monitor- ers. ing system to help manage flood control in Taiwan. D. ECO Grid This system was in place when Typhoon’s AERE, Figure 5-2. The NCHC became ISO certified. Figure 5-3. xxxxxx NOCK-TEN, and NANMADOL hit the island in 2004. In 2004, we cooperated with the Research Center The data obtained from these three typhoons was used B. R&D Developments on Meteorological Simula- for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, and the National to develop Taiwan’s river basin flood prevention and NCHC 2004 R&D Achievements tion Modeling Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium to construct dike overflow image monitoring system. The NCHC achieved outstanding results in each of Dr. Wu-Ron Hsu of National Taiwan University (NTU) Taiwan’s first-ever long-term underwater observation- its three major projects during 2004. First, in our National Center for High-performance Computing used NCHC’s computing resources to develop several al system in Kenting, Taiwan. In another ECO Grid High-Performance Computing and Communica- high-resolution, large-scale numerical models that can project, we joined with the USA’s NSF & University tion Applications project, we established the “Fly be applied to leading-edge meteorological simulation of Wisconsin to develop the International Collabora- Brain Neuro Genomics” system, the Meteoro- research. His models are extremely helpful in helping tive Lake Metabolism Project. The project’s primary logical Simulation Modeling system, and Electro- to predict Taiwan’s ever-changing weather conditions. goals are to use sensor networks to study the similarities Optical Engineering technology (Tainan Southern The results of his research also have a direct effect on business unit). Next, in the Taiwan Advanced Taiwan’s disaster prevention and hazard mitigation Research and Education Network (TWAREN) programs. project, we completed construction of TWAREN’s 20 Gbps backbone (2.5 Gbps international connec- Dr. Hsu utilized the NCHC’s parallel processing tion speed). Finally, in our Knowledge Innova- machines to complete his research. The NCHC’s paral- tion National Grid (KING) project, we made great lel processing machines reached an efficiency rating of advances in our medical, ecology, and flood mitiga- 95% using 128 processors while being used by Dr. Hsu. tion Grid projects. This rating translates into a computational speed 122 times faster than that of a single processor PC! A. “Fly Brain Neuro Genomics” Project Figure 5-5. Image of the water level identification system C. Electro-Optical Engineering Research and This project is a joint collaboration between the Development 圖5-5、國網中心於國際高速計算與網路會議暨展覽 (Supercomputing Conference,SC)中，展示墾丁珊瑚觀測成果

> 32 > > 33 > G. TWAREN TWINMS is a state-of-the-art network management system for the TWAREN network. TWINMS’s staff are TWAREN is Taiwan’s first hybrid network utilizing an available 24/7 to maintain services over the TWAREN IP plus optical design. Also, the NCHC has joined with network. TWINMS also allows TWAREN’s users several advanced network development-based institu- instant access to data performance measurements and tions such as the NSF’s International Research Network statistical information via the TWAREN website. The Connections (IRNC) project, the Coordinating Commit- NCHC also holds regular GigaPOP member meetings tee for Intercontinental Research Networking (CCIRN), so as to better understand its member’s needs. and the Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF).

NCHCʼs 2004 Service Accomplishments A. HPC Facilities Services

In 2004, the NCHC’s supercomputer performance totaled out at 3.4 Tflps. Also in 2004, the NCHC supported 718 projects and established 2,689 User accounts over its supercomputers that resulted in a total of 54 profes- sional Journal Reports being published. Additionally, the NCHC held a HPC Users Conference in October during which users’ project results were showcased. Finally, the NCHC hosted five road shows in 2004 at Vision which the NCHC’s latest HPC and networking develop- ments were showcased. The goal of these road shows In June, 2004, the NCHC began preparation for ISO was to increase public awareness of NCHC as well as to 9001 : 2000 Quality Management Certification. In Feb. Figure 5-7. April 2004 TWAREN Commencement Ceremony increase NCHC’s HPC user base. 2005, we became ISO certified. We are now able to offer C. Training our customers guaranteed quality services via standard- ized management procedures. Our total packages will The NCHC supports local industry and academia with continue to fully service Taiwan’s academic commu- cutting edge high-performance computing resources nity, governmental entities, and industry. as well as the specialized training. Throughout 2004, the NCHC conducted various conferences, workshops, seminars, and educational training programs.

In the future, the NCHC will continue to focus on the National Center for High-performance Computing development of the Grid and Grid middleware with a Table 5-2. NCHC 2004 Training Summary particular emphasis on applications that improve the environment and daily living. Also, we will focus on Number of Total Number Total Number Total Number of Item Occurrences of Attendees of Man Days Man Hours various other specialized fields that will allow us to integrate all of our supercomputing and networking Educational Training 101 2,364 4,441 26,648 resources. Digital Media Training 551 202 8,852 53,112

Conferences, Workshops, 86 3,968 1,110 15,899 Seminars, and Speeches Figure5-6. NCHC 2004 Road shows Total 738 6,534 14,403 95,659

B. Networking Services

In 2004, TWAREN’s 20 Gbps domestic backbone was completed. At the same time, TWAREN’s internation- al connection speed was upgraded to 2.5 Gbps. Also in 2004, the NCHC developed and installed the TWAREN Integrated Network Management System (TWINMS).

> 34 > > 35 > Chronicle Accomplishments

In May of 1992, National Science Council initiated a CIC achieved signifi cant results for all of its four main special program Chip Implementation Center Project missions during 2004. First, in providing the applica- (CIC Project). tion service of IC/System design, the center integrated In January of 1993, CIC Project offi ce was set up in 19 well-known EDA tools into a number of IC/System Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park. design fl ows for academic usage. Second, in providing National Chip Implementation Center In July of 1997, National Chip Implementation Center IC fabrication and measurement services, the center (CIC) was inaugurated. helped produce 1141 advanced and educational chips. In August of 2002, the construction of Nano-electronics Third, in promoting IC/System design technology, the > > Research Center was commenced. center offered 46 courses to 7667 students. Fourth, in In September of 2002, the southern regional offi ce of enhancing the IC/System design service in southern CIC was inaugurated in Tainan Science-based Industrial Taiwan. The details of the four accomplishments during Park. 2004 are illustrated as follows: National Chip Implementation Center In June of 2003, CIC was affi liated with National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL). A.Provide the IC/System design environment

In November of 2004, CIC was relocated to Nano-electron- To provide a high quality IC/System design environ- ics Research Center at Hsinchu Science-based Industrial ment, various commercial EDA tools, including Altera, Park. Angilent, Ansoft, ARM, Artisan, Cadence, CoWare, Dolphin Integration, Magma, Mentor Graphics, Spring- Missions Soft, Synopsys, Synplicity, Syntest, Tanner, TransEDA, CIC ultimately aims to cultivate high quality Taiwan IC/ Verisity, Xilinx, and so on were integrated. During this System designers, and its missions include the follow- year, CIC provided over 1600 research or education- ing: al licenses to 89 universities. In 2005, the center will continue focusing on introducing system level design • Provide the IC/System design environment; tools such as ConvergenSC Advanced System Design, • Provide the chip fabrication and measurement servic- ARM9 and AMBA PSP, and Circuit Simulator such es; as Virtuoso and NeoCircuit. Nevertheless, the design fl ows of cell-based IC, platform-based SoC, full-custom • Promote the technology of IC/System design and IC, FPGA, mixed-signal IC, RF/MMIC, and MEMS are international collaborations; also upgraded.

• Enhance the IC/System design service in southern Taiwan.

> 36 > > 37 > In SoC/IP research, the center has actively developed signal circuits. Additionally, the center also provides an IP Center (IPC) on its web site (http://www.cic.org. On-Wafer measurement for high-frequency noise, tw). The early stages of IPC were established, including spectrum and S-parameter, and load-pull systems for fi ve reference IPs created by the center, one imported RF/MM IC measurement. from ARM and 5000 from the 表6-1、本中心所提供EDA軟體 academia. The fi ve reference IPs Issued IP number Issued IP number Vendor Software Contents Total IP number Vendor Software Contents Total IP number include ADC, DAC, MPEG4 in 2004 in 2004 Agilent ADS_DSP 84 158 nLint 361 2548 Shape Encoder, Audio Code and SpringSoft MaxPlusⅡ 553 1758 Laker 486 1793 MPEG4 Codec. Accordingly Altera Quartus II 553 1758 Apollo 598 3126 users can design their own Soft Allegro 672 3705 Astro 598 3126 IP or Hard IP using these refer- Ambit 672 3705 Astro-Rail 598 3126 ences Analog Artist 672 3705 Astro-Xtalk 598 3126 Cocentric System B.Provide the chip fabrication Assura 672 3705 462 2911 Studio and measurement services Composer 672 3705 Cocentric SystemC 462 2911 Compiler Dracula 672 3705 For chip implementation, CIC DFT Compiler 462 2911 Fire&Ice 672 3705 offered several well-developed Design Compiler 462 2911 LEC 672 3705 IC fabrication processes support- Cadence FPGA-Compiler II 462 2911 NC VHDL 672 3705 ed by local foundries. These IC Formality 462 2911 NC-Verilog 672 3705 HSPICE 598 3126 fabrication processes involve SoC Encounter 672 3705 Hercules 598 3126 nine different technologies; namely, TSMC 0.35μm Spectre 672 3705 Figure 6-1 Statistics of chips had been taped out LEDA 462 2911 1P4M CMOS, TSMC 0.25μm 1P5M CMOS, TSMC Silicon Ensemble 672 3705 Synopsys NanoSim 462 2911 0.35μm 3P3M SiGe-BiCMOS, TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M Most of all, CIC has devoted considerable efforts to Verifault 672 3705 Pathmill 462 2911 CMOS, TSMC 0.13μm 1P8M CMOS, UMC 0.18μm maintaining a reliable design environment, including Verilog-XL 672 3705 Physical Compiler 462 2911 1P6M CMOS, GCT 2μm HBT, WIN 0.15μm PHEMT, VoltageStorm 672 3705 digital, analog, mixed-mode, RF, and MEMS ICs design. Power Compiler 462 2911 and ITRI-ERSO MEMS post-process technologies. To SPW 672 3705 These design environments are very important for those Coware PrimePower 462 2911 provide a more fl exible service, TSMC 0.35μm 1P4M ConvergenSC 2 44 who involved in studying IC, intellectual propriety (IP), National Chip Implementation Center PrimeTime 462 2911 CSI CSI 0 3 CMOS will be replaced by 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS from and system designs. As shown in Fig. 6-2, approximate- PrimeTime SI 462 2911 Dolphin Smash 100 555 June, 2005. ly 739 papers in local research community are signifi - RailMill 462 2911 Magma Blast Fusion 37 50 cantly benefi ted from the design environments provided Scirocco Simulator 462 2911 Since these IC fabrication services are extremely expen- Calibre 1330 3834 by the center in 2004. Among these papers, four were Star-RCXT 598 3126 sive, a technical committee comprising several experts Calibre xRC 1330 3834 published in ISSCC. TCAD 598 3126 and specialists reviews each project. During 2004, 1141 DFT 1330 3834 TetraMAX 88 991 chips were tapped out; including 893 advanced chips Mentor Eldo 1330 3834 VCS 462 2911 Graphics FPGA Advantage 1330 3834 and 248 educational chips as shown in Figure 6-1. Until VERA 462 2911 LeonardoSpectrum 1330 3834 now, the center already served approximately 6881 Synplicity Synplify Pro 288 2116 ModelSim 1330 3834 prototyping IC projects. Alternatively, in the “Multi- SynTest SynTest 145 999 Seamless CVE 1330 3834 Project Chip” (MPC) project, CIC integrated several SBT SBT-Spice 32 696 TransEDA Verification Navigator 112 1071 designs from various organizations into a single chip SpringSoft Debussy 361 2548 Xilinx ISE Foundation 84 1569 block (25 mm2) in order to share valuable resources and reduce the cost of IC fabrication. Among the organi- zations that include university labs, private fi rms, and research institutes, CIC had completed 665 projects by now.

Regarding the chip testing service, CIC provides differ- ent testing equipment for digital, analog and mixed-

> 38 > > 39 > students and an IC design workshop for high school teachers this year.

In 2004, CIC organized the 6th SIP contest with National Taiwan University, and the 7th IC contest with the Ministry of Educa- Figure 6-2. Statistics of journals, conferences, patents and other monographs tion and National Chiao Tung University as C.Promote the technology of IC/System design shown in Fig. 6-4. Some 412 teams participated in the and international collaborations 7th IC contest and 91 teams participated in the 6th SIP contest. These two contests are two of the main IC and Figure 6-4. In the year 2004, CIC co-hosted the IC design contest The center provides 46 training courses in six categories, SIP design competition events in Taiwan. with Ministry of Education and National Chiao Tung University including Full-custom IC design, Cell-based IC design, FPGA design, IC testing, RF/MMIC design, and SoC/IP Regarding the international collaboration, the center D.Enhance the IC/System design service in south- & MENS design. In order to maintain the high quality, hosted several visits among a number of world-wide ern Taiwan these courses are mostly tough by CIC researchers. As scholars and experts from the USA, Japan, Korea, and The southern regional offi ce of CIC is located in the shown in Fig.6-3, the center offered 166 classes to 7667 Canada. In March and May of 2004, CIC co-signed a Tainan Science-based Industrial Park (TSIP). The students during 2004. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with VDEC main responsibility of the southern regional offi ce is from Japan and CMP from France, to enhance the IC/System design environments in the respectively. southern region. Currently, the southern regional offi ce Nevertheless, creating technology is focused on the development of analog and mixed- innovative and intellectual property is signal IC/IP design fl ows and the construction of their

essential for CIC to compete globally. testing environments. National Chip Implementation Center The center encourages colleagues to apply patents for new innovations and Vision issue the technology transfer. During The vision of CIC is to build the world class labora- 2004, the center secured one patent from tory for IC and System design the USA and another one from Taiwan, technologies and services in and applied for four patents related to Taiwan. CMOS MEMS implementation.

Figure 6-3. Statistics of courses, classes and students

To provide an opportunity for communication between academia and industry, CIC hosts a number of annual workshops, such as “Multi-Project Chip Workshop” in April and “Chip and System Design Environment Workshop” in December. In addition, to promote the technology of IC design for college and high school, the center co-hosted an IC design summer camp for college

> 40 > > 41 > National Science and Technology Chronicle Center for Disaster Reduction In September, 1996, according to the suggestion of the 2. Deploy disaster prevention and response technolo- 5th National Science and Technology Conference, “... gies to support the actual field tasks. to intensify the fundamental research of technology in disaster mitigation especially on object-oriented, multi- 3. Promote research and development and apply those disciplinary integration should be promoted by National results on the disaster prevention and response Program Office...” system. On November 21st, 1997, the 138th Committee Meeting of National Science Council (NSC) approved the National 4. Other implementation and design for any tasks Science & Technology Program for Hazard Mitigation related to disaster prevention and response. (NAPHM) and establishment of the program office. On January 16th, 2001, according to the suggestion of the 6th National Science and Technology Conference, “ Accomplishments Set up National Science & Technology Center for Disas- The major accomplishments of the NCDR in 2004 ter Reduction in 2002 with the functions of development, would be listed in three directions including research promotion and evaluation of disaster technology; imple- and development, technical support, and implementa- mentation of application from academic result; technol- ogy transfer for strengthening support to government”. tion and application.

On May 17th, 2003, the Executive Yuan announced the A. Research and Development “National Science & Technology Center for Disaster 1. Coordinate and implement NAPHM programs Reduction Establishment Regulations”. On July 15th, 2003, the minister of NSC convened the (1)Hosting the “2003 annual disaster prevention and Technical Advisory Committee of Executive Yuan to response project symposium” to present outcomes, formally declare the establishment of National Science current status, and the future development for each & Technology for Disaster Reduction (NCDR), which handles the operation of NAPHM. project.

(2)Following the conclusions of mid-term evaluation Mission and Research Area by the director committee board, a series of inter- National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction views will be held at the Environmental Protection The main missions of NCDR include “development Administration, the Department of Health, the Soil and research”, “technical support”, “implementation and Water Conservation Bureau, and the Institute of and application”, plus designing the policies of disaster Harbor and Marine Technology during 9th ~10th of prevention. As the result, the foundation for sustainable August, 2005. development could then be consolidated by the improve- ment of disaster management capacity in whole and the (3) According to the NSC control regulation of NAPHM, assurance of the homeland security with the reduction the 2nd phase evaluation will be processed during of casualty and property loss. December 15th to 17th this year.

1. Coordinate, plan and implement disaster prevention 2. Promote policy- and mission- oriented research and development and response technology related research and devel- opment. To enhance disaster management related implementa-

> 42 > > 43 > tion and application, NCDR is handling some policy and tial analysis and the earthquake scenario simulation useful for sheltering and evacuation route planning. The bank, with the 1,204 project reports from 1999 to 2003, mission oriented research and development projects. practice. Moreover, rapid structural health diagnosis model applications would also assist on local govern- also provides the related information systems programs The key results in 2004 are shown in the following: approaches, retrofit techniques, structural seismic evalu- ments’ emergency response system for hazardous and database built by NAPHM projects. To improve ation methods, and novelty base isolation techniques explosion or emission. public understanding of the high flood risk area, the (1) Expanded historical climatology database to include were developed. hyper-link is available for direct downloading of the typhoon precipitation data during 1989-2001, plus 3. Facilitate international collaborations inundation potential information in this website. with updated potential precipitation data for the 371 (7) Collected and compared information on the systems, Some of the international collaborative activities in year automatic rainfall station and 32 river basins. Also, regulations, and related experiences for the post-disaster 2004: both average and station-wise rainfall estimations for recovery and reconstruction by multi-principle evalu- B. Technical Support four demonstration river basins were verified through ation and relevancy analysis to identify the important (1) Representatives from the NCDR attended the 1. Provide support to the Central Emergency field observations. influencing factors during post-disaster reconstruction DRC2004 Disaster Reduction Conference in Sacra- Operation Center and recovery. mento, California, USA from 3rd to 5th of May and (2) Established inundation potential database of the In 2004, the Emergency Operation Support Group of had reported our progress on Taiwan disaster reduction twenty-two counties in Taiwan with the unit of village- (8) Completed the design of methodology, principles, NCDR was formed during the attack of the Typhoon projects. neighborhood. The database has also been reviewed and framework and operation procedures for the disaster Conson, the Typhoon Mindulle, the Typhoon Kompa- updated to higher resolution inundation potential infor- prevention and response plan. (2) Representatives from the NCDR attended the su, the Typhoon Rananim, the Typhoon Aere, the mation to support the flood scenario simulations and 29th International Hazards Research and Applica- Figure 7-4. Pro-active typhoon disaster response process (9) Coordinated the e-Taiwan project of “Challenge related tasks. tion Workshop in Boulder, Colorado, USA from 12th Year 2008 – National Development Plan” with the Figure 5-5. Comparisons chart for re-active and pro-active operations within year 1996 to to 14th of July and visited the Emergency Response year 2004 (3) Developed landslide related geographical informa- National Disasters Prevention & Protection Commis- Center in Aurora City, the US Bureau of Reclamation, tion system (GIS) framework facilitate field investiga- sion and the corresponding contractors. Provided infor- Typhoon Haima, the Typhoon Meari, the Typhoon and the disaster mitigation center for the US Geologi- tions and, furthermore, set up field survey information mation including (1) disaster management system and Nock-Ten and the Typhoon Nanmadol. The senior cal Survey. Our representatives also participated on the database. operations (2) the disaster reduction research results staffs of NCDR were assigned to participate in the Annual Meeting of the Chinese Science and Engineer- and applications of the technologies (3) the design and operation of the Central Emergency Operation Center (4) Established Chen-yu-lan Creek Watershed debris ing Society in Los Angeles and reported the advance- development of the disaster management information (CEOC). The deputations from NCDR, National Fire flow GIS database including geological conditions, ment of the disaster reduction technology in Taiwan. system. Agency (NFA), Central Weather Bureau (CWB), Water society and economic information, and the inducing (3) The president, the director of international affair Resources Agency (WRA) and Soil and Water Conser- factors. (10) Promoted the insurance mechanism study for division, and the colleagues of the Korea Institute of vation Bureau (SWCB) constituted a decision support natural disasters by collecting all existing data abroad, (5) Completed 1/500,000 single station frequency Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) visited team for CEOC. The team analyzes hazard impacts, plotting out current status, and identifying the resent spectrum ratio analysis of all strong motion stations in the NCDR on May 17th and had signed a Memorandum identifies the areas with high disaster risk and suggests obstacles in Taiwan. With these efforts, the primary Taiwan. Also, the site effect analysis of each free field of Understanding (MOU) on the cooperation agreement the adequate response procedures to the commander of outline of risk assessment and insurance system would strong motion stations has been finished in virtue of the between two organizations. CEOC as the supports for their decision-makings. be formed. attenuation curve. (4) The president of the Russian Institute Sevkavgipro- 2. Provide post-disaster field investigations (11) Established GIS associated technology for global (6) Created the database on earthquake engineering vodhoz, Mr. Zaporozchenko Eduard visited the NCDR risk potential analysis. The results of the model are Completed report writing on the“The Typhoon Mindulle research and completed the earthquake disaster poten- on the 4th of November and signed a formal cooperation agreement. National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (5) On September 8th to 9th, “Internation- al Conference in Commemoration of 5th Anniversary of the 1999 Chi-Chi Earth- quake, Taiwan” had been held with three divisions including earth science, earth- quake engineering and social science, and had gathered totally 136 experts and scholars to share their expertise.

4. Web development for information and achievement sharing

NCDR had itemized all the research results Figure.1 Comparison of observed and estimated rainfall distributions during the land warning period (6/29 of NAPHM and established “NAPHM 23L~7/2 23L) of Typhoon Mindulle (2004) achievements sharing website”. This data Figure 7-3. Website for downloading inundation potential information

> 44 > > 45 > To strengthen the concept and cognition of disaster 3. Set up regulations and relevant measures for published and applied on the implementa- prevention for the public, with the cooperation from the retrofit of exiting buildings tion on March 2nd, 2004 by NDPPC with Advisory Office under Ministry of Education, the the major assistance from NCDR. There are After 921 Chi-Chi earthquake, regulations and promo- Program Office for Disasters Reduction Education has sixteen prior public safety topics in this white tion on the seismic retrofit of the existing buildings in the been improving the quality of disaster prevention and paper including public safety regulations for less-distressed area or the buildings with damaged degree response public education in all respects, including on the gas storage, packaging and transport; below retrofit extent were not enacted or discussed. the syllabuses and curriculums in the teaching materi- the safety managements for firecrackers and Based on experiences from abroad and research results als, on the training facilities, on the personnel train- firework usage; the standard operation proce- from Ministry of Education, Construction and Planning ing programs, and on the database and resources for dures for full-length highway tunnel safety Agency, Architecture and Building Research Institute, the government and the society. In 2004, the Program management, etc. In order to increase public and Taiwan Construction Research Institute, NCDR and Office has accomplished 16 curriculums on disaster awareness, an international seminar on the NCREE had proposed meliorated strategies for seismic reduction and response for typhoon and flood, slope- public safety management was held in Jan. evaluation and retrofit design, and had identified the land, earthquake, and man-made disasters. Addition- 2004 to educate citizens, private sectors, and difficulties in executing related regulations and system. Slopeland Intensity Accumu- Typhoon Death Missing Injured ally, this program office has combined efforts of 128 Disaster (mm/hr) lated governmental personnel. Herb schools and communities to participate in the disasters 51 22 465 -- 112.0 1987.0 (1996/07/29) Re-active 4. Provide annual evaluation interview on local reduction plan. Vision Torji 103 111 189 24.000 145.6 757.0 (2001/7/28) government disaster prevention and response In the last few years, NCDR has carried on and contin- C. Implementation and application After the operation of Assessment Group in CEOC system implementation ued the targets designed by NAPHM to coordinate Re-active Nari 94 10 265 475 142 1462.0 1. Mid-range local government support program central ministries on advancing disaster prevention by (2001/09/17) The annual evaluation survey and interview series were initiated by National Disaster Prevention and on disaster prevention and response creating the information database for disaster manage- Mindulle 29 12 16 1023 166.5 2004.5 Response Council to ensure and evaluate the imple- From year 2004, a cooperative project, “Mid-range ment and decision support system, developing the mentation of local governmental disaster preven- Local Government Support Program on Disaster technology on monitoring and early warning, analyz- post-event investigation” and the“Evaluation report tion and response systems. This annual evaluation Prevention and Response”, has been launched to assist ing the index of disaster magnitude through scenario on the analysis of slopeland disasters at the upstream program has been carried out since 2003 to review 25 the local governments in consolidating regional imple- simulations, analyzing the disaster potential, creating Shi-Men Reservoir”. The repost content includes the local governments. Each annual evaluation has been mentation of disaster prevention and response system regulations for the existing building retrofit, demon- discussions on identifying the inducing factors, the designed with specific topics to better understand local through disaster potential analysis, SOP design for strating TELES system, facilitating communication for examination of current emergency operation system, need. In 2004, the main focus of this evaluation was emergency response, disaster management personnel’s emergency response, strengthening the disaster manage- and the suggestions for future disaster management and to extend global view of the regional plan, increase experience transfer, and information facilitation for ment system, and promoting information sharing. All mitigation procedures. accuracy on the disaster potential analysis, and improve disaster management. In 2004, NCDR had selected six these prospect of development had all been completed the evacuation plan and procedures. experienced academic institutions to collaborate with and received positive outcome. 3. Published the “Public Safety Management White eight local governments. Paper” 5. Promote and strengthen the education nation- With the goal of promoting the development on the wide program for disaster reduction research and technology for implementation and appli- The White Paper on Public Safety Management was 2. Enhance community-based disaster manage- ment capability cation on disaster management, NCDR envisions the future with following prospective: to provide better National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction Based on practical operations done by five pilot commu- environment and ability of the technology development, nities, a standard procedure with seven basic phases was assist and support government on disaster prevention developed to implement the community-based disaster and response expertise, improve disaster management management program. Meanwhile, a series of courses and emergency response capability to prevent property and materials was also developed to help educate the and personnel from losses, and furthermore ensure a community. Also, in order to improve community safer and better environment for the citizens. disaster management ability, a teacher training program for the community-based disaster related knowledge sponsored by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB) were developed to educate the practitioners and local governments.

Figure 7-6. The relationship between landslide and precipitation within watershed

> 46 > > 47 >