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German Migration to Missouri Andrew Stuart Bergerson | Thorsten Logge (Eds.) GERMAN MIGRATION TO MISSOURI A TRANSNATIONAL STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECT [1.0/2019] Andrew Stuart Bergerson, Thorsten Logge (Eds.): German Migration to Missouri in the 19th Century. A Transnational Student Research Project [1.0/2019] Bibliografische Informationen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-dnb.de abrufbar. Veröffentlicht durch die Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Hamburg Titelbild: “A stretch of the Missouri River between Rocheport, MO and Boonville, MO” (cropped and edited) by Aimee Castenell, CC BY-NC 2.0 ISBN 978-3-946246-19-0 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Moun- tain View, CA 94042, USA. Andrew S. Bergerson | Thorsten Logge Foreword: German Migration to Missouri – A Transnational Learning Experience ...........................................4 Jude Carmona Who’s In? Who Stays? The Effect of U.S. Legislation on German Migration in the 19th century ........................7 Alexander Banks | Michael Spachek German-Americans and Slavery .................................................................................................................14 Amy Lutz | Meghan O’Brien | Pascal Küther Thekla Bernays (1856-1931): Author, Journalist, Artist, Women’s Rights Activist .............................................21 Michelle Jurkiewicz Heinrich Boernstein (1805-1892): publisher, political activist, author, soldier, actor, stage manager ................30 Michael Leverett Dorn Heinrich Boernstein and “Progressive Democracy” in the Midwest, 1850-1852 ..............................................36 Robert Keough | Sophia Löhmann Carl Schurz (1829-1906):Revolutionary, Statesman, Newspaper Editor ........................................................43 Collective Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................55 Illustrations ................................................................................................................................................60 Andrew S. Bergerson | Thorsten Logge FOREWORD: GERMAN MIGRATION TO MISSOURI – A TRANSNATIONAL LEARNING EXPERIENCE "4 In the Fall of 2018, a select group of history graduate students participated in what may very well be the first-ever transatlantic graduate research seminar. The students were en- rolled in history or public history programs in the United States at the University of Mis- souri-Kansas City (UMKC) and the University of Missouri-St. Louis (UMSL) and in Ger- many at the Universität Hamburg. Our research topic was, appropriately, the transatlantic history of German migration to Missouri. The issue of migration is as relevant today to current events as it is politically contro- versial. In both the European Union and the United States, however, current public debates on migration tend to lack the depth of understanding and factual accuracy afforded by histo- ry. In addition to informing contemporary debates about migration policy, exploring the transnational history of migration between the German states and America in the long nine- teenth century can also enhance our understanding not only of ourselves as Germans, Amer- icans, and something in-between but also of migration as an anthropological constant in the experience of human beings. Moreover, the lives of Germans and Americans have been in- tertwined by migration for centuries, so there are numerous opportunities for new scholar- ship. It makes sense, in an era of unprecedented global interactions, to explore and write this history together. By working transnationally as researchers, we may in turn be able to more fully appreciate the transnational dynamics of migration. With this goal in mind, we developed the idea of a joint teaching and learning project that would bring students together on both sides of the Atlantic to collaboratively research and write the transnational history of German migration to Missouri. Seeing as we were based in Kansas City, Missouri, and Hamburg, Germany, we could easily build upon the mi- gration histories of our regions. Missouri has a rich tradition of German migration, and its German-American heritage seemed like an ideal starting point given the fact that many of its historical societies, archives, and libraries contained unexploited resources for historical scholarship. Similarly, the city of Hamburg became a major port for migration in the nine- teenth century as well as an important transit station for countless German-speaking emi- grants to North America. So, we had no difficulties at all to find suitable contents for our seminar. Last but not least, the digital revolution today has provided us with the in- frastructure for teaching and learning on a global scale. Virtual technology enabled us to provide our students with transatlantic access to digitized source material, online communi- cation spaces for work in intercultural pairs, and guidance for collaborative writing. What began in 2017 as a spontaneous idea gradually became a surprising option and viable oppor- tunity for innovative pedagogy. "5 Over the course of 2018, two paid interns, Benjamin Roers from Hamburg and Michael Spachek from Kansas City, did the leg work of digitizing the archival collections and library resources to make them accessible to the students online. These internships were generous- ly funded by the Universität Hamburg sponsorship program “Hamburglobal” and the Kem- per Center for Digital Humanities at UMKC. Benjamin Roers, a graduate student from Uni- versität Hamburg, identified appropriate primary-source materials in the various archives and libraries in Bremen, Hamburg, Kansas City, St. Louis, and online. Michael Spachek, a graduate student from UMKC funded through the online course share arrangement between UMKC and UMSL, returned to those institutions to scan those resources in their entirety, organize them into collections, and properly reference them. We would like to thank all of these institutions and students for their enthusiastic support and collaboration. To provide this mixed group of students with the historical and historiographical con- text for studying German migration to Missouri, we invited seven members of the faculty from the three institutions to join us in writing and filming lectures on such topics as Amer- ican and German history, immigration and environmental history, as well as the history of everyday life, microhistory, and the use of letters for historical analysis. To these lectures we also added a lecture about the primary sources digitized for this project and an instructional film explaining how to read the old German script. As the course language was English, the German students had the opportunity to participate in micro workshops offered by Susan- nah Ewing Bölke from the writing center at Universität Hamburg to learn more about rele- vant text types and writing in English about German source material. A total of fifteen students enrolled from the three universities: six from UMKC, three from UMSL, and six from Hamburg with three of the fifteen being advanced undergradu- ates. Nine of those students have completed their work in time to be included in this book. The material published here represents the work of the students at the current state of their studies. As editors, we enhanced their writing to some degree through constructive feedback and critical suggestions for revision, but only in helping them to develop their ideas. The work, and the accomplishment, belongs to the students. In order to be able to assess the re- spective background of the authors, we have supplemented brief biographies of the authors at the end of each chapter. We would like to thank the faculty and staff at the participating universities in Kansas City, St. Louis, and Hamburg, who have supported us in our activities and always came up with useful solutions to the many administrative and technical challenges that arose from an inter-university virtual course. We also thank the Hamburg Agency for Civic Education for supporting this project as a publishing partner. "6 Our teaching experiment faced many challenges and learning opportunities for the stu- dents, but also for us as instructors. We will report our experiences in detail in an upcoming publication as an experiment in the online teaching of public history. We are very grateful for having such a group of patient and cooperative students in this experiment. We view this first edition of our eBook as an opportunity to report on our achievements so far, but we are already planning a new iteration in 2020 of this course in which we will use our successes and failures to develop online teaching strategies that will better suit the needs of transat- lantic and transnational learning groups. Stay tuned. Kansas City and Hamburg, May 2019 Andrew S. Bergerson | Thorsten Logge Jude Carmona WHO’S IN? WHO STAYS? THE EFFECT OF U.S. LEGISLATION ON GERMAN MIGRATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY "7 Ill. 1-1: Immigrants on an Atlantic Liner, ca. 1906. The United States has offered economic opportunities to people from around the world since it was still a collection of British colonies in the seventeenth century. During
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