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Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda Sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco

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Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda Sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183) Volume 2 Issue 3 March 2020 Research Article Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco Baibbat Sidahmed1,2*, Malouli Idrissi Mohamed3, Abid Noureddine4, January 28, 2020 Bensbai Jilali3 and Benazzouz Bouchra2 Received: Published: February 06, 2020 1National Fisheries Research Institute, Dakhla, Morocco © All rights are reserved by Baibbat 2Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidahmed., et al. Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco 3National Fisheries Research Institute, Casablanca, Morocco 4National Fisheries Research Institute, Tangier, Morocco *Corresponding Author: Baibbat, Sidahmed, National Fisheries Research Insti- tute, Dakhla, Morocco. DOI: 10.31080/ASVS.2020.02.0044 Abstract A total of 112 specimens were sampled from Southern Atlantic of Morocco in the period from April to June 2016. Sixty-two dorsal individuals ranged from 440 to 704 mm. Fish ages ranged from 1 to 4 years old and the mean length by age were calculated for males fin spines were analyzed for ageing and growth studies, and all samples (112) were used for biometric studies. The length of the aged and females. The standard von bertallanfy growth function was used to fit length at age data. The growth parameters are L∞= 73.01, comparing changes in morphological characters with growth fork length. Length weight relationship is presented as well. K=0.3075 and to=-2.4469. Also, a biometry analysis of Atlantic bonito was conducted in this paper. Relative growth was studied by Keywords: Atlantic Bonito; Age Determination; Biometry; Growth; Length at Age; Morocco Introduction In Morocco, this species is distributed along the Atlantic Coasts, Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)) which is a member especially in the southern part of the Atlantic coast . Coastal of Scombridae is distributed in both sides of the tropical and [5] Atlantic bonito. subtropical Atlantic Ocean, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the fishing units, using gill net as the main gear, mainly exploit the Mediterranean and Black Seas. In the Eastern Atlantic, it is Knowledge of biometric variations is necessary in species descriptions. Collette., et al [6], using a morphometric including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. In the western Atlantic distributed from Oslo (Norway) to Port Elizabeth (South Africa), approach, described S. sarda from different areas. Pujolar., et off the east coast of the United States and Canada its usual northern . 1975 al. (2001) and Vinas., et al. (2004) [7,8] studied the patterns of limit is Cape Ann but also has been recorded along Nova Scotia [1]. differentiation in two sub-populations of Atlantic bonito inhabiting the Mediterranean. especially clupeoids such as anchovy, sardine, and sprat, and also Atlantic bonito is a small tuna species that feeds on small fishes, on crustaceans [2]. Maximum length in the Atlantic is 91.4 cm fork In addition, the growth parameters studies are necessary for stock status and stock assessment. Also, determination of [3] length (LF) and 5.4 kg and in the Black Sea is 85 cm and 5 kg weight age is an important task in all studies population dynamics. In published weight is 11.0 kg [4]. Common size is 50 cm fork length and about 2 kg. Maximum addition, knowledge of the age and growth process constitutes a Citation: Baibbat Sidahmed., et al. “Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco”. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 2.3 (2020): 01-10. Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco 02 fundamental aspect for knowing the chronology of the different phases of the cycle of life of a species. For the early stages of life, the information obtained can help to understand the factors that determine recruitment success. For adults are used to understand vital events such as age at first maturity, but also to determine the the catch effort in order to achieve maximum balanced production. effect of fishing on stocks, improve their management and optimize biometry of Atlantic bonito catches in the southern Atlantic coast of This document presents an analysis of growth parameters and Morocco, being said that the knowledge regarding this parameter are very limited in this area. Figure 2: Distribution of the surface temperature in °C (left) and salinity in Ppm (right) (Source: Atlantida 2007). Material and Method Study area 27°C and at salinities from 14 to 39 ppm [10]. Samples were collected in 2016 at the ports of Dakhla. The The Atlantic bonito can adapt to temperatures ranging from 12 to geographical coordinates are 23°39’33’’ N, 15°56’47’’ W (Figure 1). Data sources One hundred and twelve specimens of Atlantic bonito were collected from long-liners commercial catches from April to June 2016. Body lengths were measured to the nearest millimeter and total weight to the nearest 0.01g. For the biometry analysis, eleven morphometric characteristics were examined. Total length (LT), fork length (LF), standard length (LS), length from head to anal fin (LPA), pelvic fin length (LP), length of first dorsal fin base (LD1), length of second dorsal length (LP2), pre-ventral length (LPV), pre-pectoral length (LPP). fin base (LD2), first pre-dorsal length (LP1), second pre-dorsal between males and females was tested by Pearson test. These parameters were relative to fork length and the significance Figure 1: Location of the study area. equation: Length weight relationship of the fish was estimated using the This region of the Kingdom of Morocco is among the most upwelling, which is almost permanent [9]. In the area north of Cap W=aLFb [11]-----(1) important fishing areas in the world, due to the phenomenon of Boujdour, the surface temperature is between 18.4 and 20°C. In are constants. Where W is the weight of the fish, LF is the fork length, a and b south of Cap Boujdour, temperatures between 18.4 and 21.6°C are recorded. The distribution of surface salinity corresponds to the For the determination of age and the study of growth, the first according to the following protocol: temperature distribution, with 36.2-36.4 ppm in Upwelling zone dorsal spine was taken. The removal of the spines was carried out and 36.5-36.8 ppm in deeper waters (Figure 2). Citation: Baibbat Sidahmed., et al. “Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco”. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 2.3 (2020): 01-10. Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco 03 The first spine of the first dorsal fin is collected from each specimen. The spine is pulled out whole from the base. Using a knife, we cut the membrane joining the first and second dorsal fin rays. Then, randomly selected [12] five spines of each size class of 1cm of sampled individuals are envelope labeled at room temperature. , and finally, the spine is stored in a paper cleaned with running water, and cleared of Flesh, which can adhere The first ray of the dorsal fin is taken from each individual, to it. The total length (Lb) of each spine was measured in mm slightly above the joint and perpendicular to the axis of the radius and fine sections (2 or 3 per radius) of 500 microns are produced [13] using a saw rotating at slow speed. and the model more used is that of Von Bertalanffy (1938). The study of growth can be described by an asymptotic curve, Figure 3: Length (LF) frequency distribution. The relation expresses-k (t-to))-------(2) the model of Von Bertalanffy Lt= L∞(1 − e [14], Such as the With Lt is the length of fish at time t, L∞ is the asymptotic size, which is considered, according to Thiam (1990) average size of a fish whose growth would continue indefinitely value is all the greater as the growth of the species is faster. A phi- and k is the rate at which fish reaches maximum theoretical size; Its premium (Ø’) test is conducted to compare the curves of linear growth of the same species, the same stock or different stocks. [15] All statistics analysis are done with R software. Results Length frequency distribution Figure 4: Length (LF) frequency distribution by sex. covers The distribution of size frequencies during the study period a wide range of sizes (between 392 and 642 mm), with a Port a b Equation R² N dominance of sizes between 450 and 500 mm (Figure 3). DAKHLA E 0.9139 112 -05 2.7852 The distribution of sizes by sex is presented in the figure 4. The smaller than 400 mm observed in females only (Figure 4). Table 1:5X10 2.7852 Y=5 -05X modal class 450-500 mm is dominant in both sexes, with sizes S. Sarda. The parameters a and b of the relation weight Length weight relationship size in A good correlation (r2 The allometric regression performed on the individuals sampled =0.9139) was found between the weight clouds of points are established, linking the length to the fork to the close to 3, indicating the isometric growth between fork length and gives the expressions that are summarized in table 1. Graphically, and the size of the species (i.e., 1), with an allometric coefficient weight of the individual. weight in Sarda sarda (Figure 5). Citation: Baibbat Sidahmed., et al. “Growth and Biometry Analysis of the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1973)), in the Southern Coast of Morocco”. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 2.3 (2020): 01-10.
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