Crack the Code Extend the Experience: Content: John André

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Crack the Code Extend the Experience: Content: John André One of the most important tools General Washington used to win the American Revolution were A major in the British Army, he also served as the specially encoded messages. Encrypted messages was just one way spy rings communicated. head of its Secret Service in America during the Techniques such as invisible inks, ciphers, coded letters, and mask letters were all techniques Revolutionary War. He worked to turn the used. The Culper Spy Ring used a numerical code book which consisted of 763 numbers disillusioned General Benedict Arnold against the representing words, names and places to communicate their information gathered on military colonial cause. Research to learn more about operations in New York. This spy ring was organized by Major Benjamin Tallmadge under the Major André, what happened to his during the orders of General George Washington. Revolution, and what codes he used to pass messages. Activity: There were many types of special codes and one that Patriot agents could use was called a Write Your Own Code pigpen cipher. Using the letters and grids below, you can encode and decode just about any Using the pigpen cypher, write your own coded message. If you see a dot in the shape, use one of the grids that have a dot over them. Try to message. Share your message to see if someone decode the message below to see General Washington's battle plan! can decode it. Example: = N Yorktown in Cornwallis Trap to Moves Washington Key: Answer.

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The Time Trial of Benedict Arnold 1 National Museum of American History
The Time Trial of Benedict Arnold 1 National Museum of American History The Time Trial of Benedict Arnold Purpose By debating the legacy of Benedict Arnold, students will build reasoning and critical thinking skills and an understanding of the complexity of historical events and historical memory. Program Summary In this presentation, offered as a public program at the National Museum of American History from December 2010-April 2011, an actor portrays a fictionalized Benedict Arnold, hero and villain of the American Revolution. Arnold, in dialogue with an audience that is facilitated by an arbiter, discusses his notable actions at the Battle of Saratoga and at Valcour Island, as well as his decision to sell the plans for West Point to the British. At the conclusion of the program, audience members consider how history should remember Arnold, as a traitor, or as a hero. This set of materials is designed to provide you an opportunity to have a similar debate with your students. Included in this resource set are a full video of the program, to be used as preparation for the classroom activity, and Arnold’s conversation with the audience divided by theme, to be used with the resources offered below for your own Time Trial of Benedict Arnold. A full version of the program is available here. [https://vimeo.com/129257467] Grade levels 5-8 Time Three 45 minute periods National Standards National Center for History in the Schools: United States History Standards; Era 3: Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820s); Standard 2: The impact of the American Revolution on politics, economy, and society Common Core Standards for Literacy in History and Social Studies: Speaking and Listening Standards Comprehension and Collaboration, standard 1: Grades 6-8: Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher- led) with diverse partners on grade level topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
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The Battle of Saratoga to the Paris Peace Treaty
1 Matt Gillespie 12/17/03 A&HW 4036 Unit: Colonial America and the American Revolution. Lesson: The Battle of Saratoga to the Paris Peace Treaty. AIM: Why was the American victory at the Saratoga Campaign important for the American Revolution? Goals/Objectives: 1. Given factual data about the Battle of Saratoga and the Battle of Yorktown, students will be able to describe the particular events of the battles and how the Americans were able to win each battle. 2. Students will be able to recognize and explain why the battles were significant in the context of the entire war. (For example, the Battle of Saratoga indirectly leads to French assistance.) 3. Students will be able to read and interpret a key political document, The Paris peace Treaty of 1783. 4. Students will investigate key turning points in US history and explain why these events are significant. Students will be able to make arguments as to why these two battles were turning points in American history. (NYS 1.4) 5. Given the information, students will understand their historical roots and be able to reconstruct the past. Students will be able to realize how victory in these battles enabled the paris Peace Treaty to come about. (NCSS II) Main Ideas: • The campaign consists of three major conflicts. 1) The Battle of Freeman’s farm. 2) Battle of Bennington. 3) Battle of Bemis Heights. • Battle of Bennington took place on Aug. 16-17th, 1777. Burgoyne sent out Baum to take American stores at Bennington. General Stark won. • Freeman’s farm was on Sept.
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Inquiry – Benedict Arnold
Inquiry – Benedict Arnold Hook discussion question: What is betrayal? The discussion must touch on themes of loyalty and trust. Other themes may include ethics and morality. Hook visual: Presentation formula Previous Unit: The Revolutionary War will be in progress. Saratoga (1777) should have been covered. This Unit: Narrative story to present a skeletal overview of the events. Then introduce the documents, to add “muscle” to the events. Next Unit: The Revolutionary War topic will continue and be brought to conclusion. Post-Lesson Discussion prompts 1. How should we go about weighing the good someone does against the bad? At what point is one (good/bad) not balanced by the other? 2. After the war, for what reasons might the British trust or not trust Benedict Arnold? 3. In the years following the war, America tried to get England to hand over Benedict Arnold to American authorities. Should the British give him up? Why yes/no? 4. One thing missing from the discussion of betrayal and loyalty is the concept of regret. How might this relate to Arnold, Washington and others, and by what means might it be expressed? 5. How likely (or not) would it be today for one of America’s top Generals to engage in a similar traitorous act? 6. To what extent would it matter if it is a General betraying the country or a civilian acting in a traitorous manner…should these be viewed in a similar light? 7. To what extent can a person be trusted again once they have already broken your trust? 8.
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The Impact of Weather on Armies During the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T
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The Revolution Part 7 Guide.Pdf
THE HISTORY CHANNEL® PRESENTS The Revolution: Treason and Betrayal Part 7 of a 13 part original series The American Revolution laid the foundation for the success of the United States, yet the viability of the nation was not always imminent and the quest for liberty was no simple endeavor. As the Colonists found themselves becoming increasingly independent, the fiercest and most powerful army in the world stood between them and a free, independent, sovereign America. Small skirmishes between colonists and representatives of the British throne escalated in 1775. In order to pacify what he viewed as a small rebellion, the King sent a contingent of Red Coats from the seemingly omnipotent British Army across the Atlantic Ocean. However, as the days and months progressed, the Red Coats, their military leaders and King George III himself eventually realized the ferocity, courage and collective will of the colonists they faced. The Revolution: Treason and Betrayal begins on July 4th, 1778, the second anniversary of the Declaration of Independence and a day of celebration for the Continental soldiers. Having proven their mettle at the Battle of Monmouth, the soldiers and their general, George Washington, have a renewed sense of confidence. The following year, however, will test the strength and patience of this army. Rumors of treason, the added threat of the Iroquois Nation, and the failure of the French Fleet to successfully reach the Colonies all serve to weaken the Continental Army. How will Washington maintain morale and recruit new soldiers against this adversity? Curriculum Links The Revolution: Treason and Betrayal would be useful for high school and middle school classes on United States History, Military History, European History, and Colonial History.
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Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution
Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution Benedict Arnold was a talented military strategist who had led forces to victories at Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain, at Fort Stanwix, and in the battle of Saratoga. While recognizing Arnold’s abilities, George Washington feared that the young officer was at times too bold on the battlefield. Washington cautioned him in March 1777, “Unless your strength and circumstances be such, that you can reasonably promise yourself a moral certainty of succeeding, confine yourself in the main to a defensive opposition”. Seven months later, at the Second Battle of Saratoga at Bemis Heights near the Hudson River, Arnold so recklessly waved his sword that it pierced the head of an American officer. Hours later, he led a charge of riflemen that proved to be decisive in winning the battle. Upon demanding the enemy’s surrender, a German soldier fired a musket ball into Arnold’s leg, killing his horse. According to Philbrick, the war effort was marred by division in the colonies, an incompetent Congress under the Articles of Confederation, and weak executive power. In February 1778, Washington authored a plan to reorganize the Army but its implementation was slow. He told Congress of the harsh conditions his men faced, often being poorly clothed and sleeping “under frost and snow”. They displayed a “patience and obedience which could scarce be paralleled”. Throughout the war, Congress possessed the power to name officers. In 1777, when Benedict Arnold was denied promotion to Major General, Washington feared that he would overreact.
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A Turning Point Americans and Why They Were Fought Into the Gun’S KEY QUESTION Why Has Saratoga Been Called a “Turning Point”? Where They Were
CHAPTER 7 • SECTION 1 GEOGRAPHY for the British. Burgoyne realized that N War in the North 1777 Quebec the countryside was rising up against W E e . him. It was a lesson that other British CClicklick herehere yn e R CClicklick herehere to see the interactive map go nc r re S generals would soon learn: they were @ ClassZone.com u w B a . L not simply fighting an enemy army, St American forces GEOGRAPHY Montreal they were fighting an entire people. British forces 050100 miles War in the North 1777 American victory Britain’s Strategy Unravels Burgoyne 0 50 100 kilometers r CLASSZONE.COM ge still looked forward to the rendezvous, e British victory L Lake t. S Champlain or meeting, with St. Leger and Howe Connect Geography History MAINE in Albany. But on August 4, Burgoyne N.H. (Mass.) Ft. Ticonderoga, received a message that Howe would Lake July 6, 1777 ANALYZE Point out that the British, now in Ontario not be coming north; instead, he had Ft. Oswego M Saratoga, control of the strategic port city of New York, o Sept.–Oct., 1777 h a decided to try to capture Philadel- Oriskany, wk R. Bennington, shifted the battlefront to the inland frontier. Aug. 1777 phia—where the Continental Congress A Aug. 16, 1777 rno Ask students to consider what geographical ld Albany met. “Success be ever with you,” wrote NEW YORK Gates . MASS. Boston Howe. Yet Burgoyne needed Howe’s obstacles the troops might encounter in these R n o soldiers, not his good wishes. regions. (The areas were rough, mountainous, s PENNSYLVANIA d u CONN.
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The Battle of Saratoga and the Case of Benedict Arnold by Ushistory.Org, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 06.07.19 Word Count 1,024 Level 1030L
The Battle of Saratoga and the case of Benedict Arnold By USHistory.org, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.07.19 Word Count 1,024 Level 1030L The surrender of British General John Burgoyne as painted by John Trumbull in 1822. Depicted at center, General Burgoyne surrenders to Continental General Horatio Gates, who refused to take his sword. The American victory at Saratoga in New York on October 17, 1777, was a turning point in the Revolutionary War as it prevented the British from dividing New England from the rest of the states. The painting hangs in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. Image courtesy of The United States Architect of the Capitol The Battle of Saratoga proved to be a major turning point of the Revolutionary War. In October 1777, American forces defeated a major British campaign in New York, giving the American cause an important victory at a crucial time. Divide And Conquer British General John Burgoyne had presented a divide-and-conquer strategy to ministers in London. His plan was to attack the American colonies from Canada by advancing down the Hudson Valley. There, he would be joined by Sir William Howe bringing British troops from New Jersey and New York City. If all went well, they might crush the American forces between them. Burgoyne believed that this bold move would isolate New England from the other American colonies. It would also give British forces command of the Hudson River. A big victory might also This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. cause the Americans to lose hope, as well as scaring off potential allies, especially France, Britain's longtime enemy.
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Why Did the British Lose the Battle of Saratoga? How Could the World’S Superpower at the Time Lose Such an Important Battle to a Seemingly Weak Opponent?
Mike Kruis Secnded 430 Inquiry Lesson Plan Why did the British lose the Battle of Saratoga? How could the world’s superpower at the time lose such an important battle to a seemingly weak opponent? Inquiry Abstract The Saratoga Campaign was a key element to the overall British strategy for victory in 1777 during the American Revolution. It ended up becoming arguably the most important victory in American History. The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American Revolution and as a direct result of the victory; France entered the war on the side of the colonists. How could the world’s superpower at the time lose such an important battle to a seemingly weak opponent? Was it a bad strategy? Was it miscommunication? Or was it the heroics of one of the most controversial man in United States’ history? With this inquiry the students will investigate and form a hypothesis on how the British lost the Battle of Saratoga. Grade Level This inquiry lesson is designed for a 12th grade class but could be adapted for any high school grade level. With further modifications to the procedure and some artifacts, this inquiry lesson could be used as a tool for teaching History as a discipline in high level 8th grade classrooms. Objectives The main objective for this Inquiry Lesson is to show them that there is a complex and very interesting story behind all important events in history. Most High School students learn that the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point of the American Revolution but they don’t get to dig any deeper; they don’t get to see the main characters interactions and how the things that they did effect thousands of people.
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Social Studies 7: Inquiry Based Lesson Compelling Question: Should a Traitor Be Erased from History?
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Benedict Arnold Hid in the Trees Along New York’S Hudson River Near West Point
Level: S DRA: 40 Genre: Narrative Nonﬁ ction Strategy: Monitor/Clarify Skill: Compare and Contrast Word Count: 1,228 by Timothy S. Corbett 5.3.15 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13:978-0-547-02555-1 ISBN-10:0-547-02555-6 1032469 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN by Timothy S. Corbett PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover The Granger Collection, New York. Title Page © North Wind Picture Archives. 3 The Granger Collection, New York. 4 The New York Public Library/Art Resource, NY. 5 The Granger Collection, New York. 6 Hulton Archive/Getty Images. 8 © Christie’s Images/SuperStock, Inc. 9 The Granger Collection, New York. 10 © North Wind Picture Archives. 11 © Collection of the New-York Historical Society, USA/The Bridgeman Art Library. 12 © North Wind Picture Archives. 13 ©Mary Evans Picture Library/Grosvenor Prints/The Image Works. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers, Attn: Permissions, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02555-1 ISBN-10: 0-547-02555-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0940 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold.
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The Revolutionary War in the Hudson Highlands
The Revolutionary War in the Hudson Highlands Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold was a general in the Continental Army. He helped win important battles, including the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. However, Arnold was more interested in his own success than in win- ning the war. In May 1779 Arnold began speaking with the British about committing treason. Treason is when someone acts against his or her own coun- try. Arnold committed treason because he tried to help the British win the Revolutionary War by giving them the American fort West Point. Arnold became the commander of West Point in When Benedict Arnold heard that Andre had been August of 1780. He moved into the home of Loyalist captured, he rode from Beverly Robinson’s house to Beverly Robinson and began making plans to give the Hudson River and sailed to the British in New West Point to the British. In September of 1780, York City. Arnold escaped capture but his plan to give Fortress West Point to the British was stopped. If Ar- Arnold met with a British soldier named Major John nold’s plan had succeeded, the Americans may have Andre in the Hudson Highlands. Andre was a top lost the war. spy for the British. He and Arnold agreed on a plan for the British to attack West Point. Benedict Arnold gave Andre a map of West Point’s defenses. Andre Review Questions was returning to the British army when he was 1. What is treason? How did Benedict Arnold try to stopped by three men near Tarrytown, New York.
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