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The Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Belize 2011 an Ecological Review

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The Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Belize 2011 an Ecological Review Government of Belize - UNICEF Programme of Cooperation The Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Belize 2011 An Ecological Review 1 Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Belize 2011 CONTENTS List of Acronyms Used………………………………………………………………................................................................. 3 List of Tables and Figures……………………………………………………………................................................................ 5 Executive Summary…………………………………………………………..............................................................………… 8 Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………................................................................. 19 Chapter 2: National Context…………………………………………………………............................................................... 25 Chapter 3: Poverty & Inequity………………………………………………………................................................................ 31 Chapter 4: Socio-Economic Opportunity…………………………………………................................................................ 39 Chapter 5: Health Status & Equity…………………………………………………................................................................ 47 Part A: Health Status…………………………………………………………................................................................ 48 Part B: Health Serving System Capacity....………………………..………................................................................ 60 Chapter 6: Education Status & Equity……………………………………………................................................................. 65 Part A: Education Status..…………………………………………………................................................................... 66 Part B: Educational System Capacity………………………………………................................................................ 77 Chapter 7: Protective Asset Status & Equity……………………………………….............................................................. 85 Part A: Protective Assets……………………………………………………................................................................ 86 Part B: Protective Asset Capacity, Policy and Legal Structure………….................................................................. 101 Chapter 8: Communications and Information Technology (IT) Capacity Assessment.................................................. 115 Chapter 9: Crisis Vulnerability (Includes Commodity Analysis)…………………............................................................ 121 Chapter 10: Summary of Key Factors: Causal Analysis & Recommendations…………………………………............... 135 APPENDICES……………………………………………. ………………………..….................................................................. 149 Appendix 1: References………........................................................................................................................................... 150 Appendix 2: MDG Review Summary...…….................................................................................................................... 156 Appendix 3: Web Addresses for Important Human Rights Conventions...……........................................................... 159 2 Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Belize 2011 DHS Department of Human Services Acronyms Used DPP Department of Public Prosecutions DSD Disability Services Division ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific ECADERT Estrategia Centroamericana de Desarrollo Countries Rural Territorial AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America AIPSN Association for Inclusion of Persons with and the Caribbean Special Needs ECPAT End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography, ARVs Antiretrovirals and Trafficking of Children for Sexual ATJ Access to Justice Purposes BCVI Belize Council for the Visually Impaired EU European Union BFLA Belize Family Life Association FACA Families and Children Act BHIS Belize Health Information System GDP Gross Domestic Product BNE Belize Natural Energy, Ltd GOB Government of Belize BNTU Belize National Teachers’ Union GPL General Poverty Line BPD Belize Police Department HDI Human Development Index BRCS Belize Red Cross Society HECOPAB Health Education and Community BRDP Belize Rural Development Project Participation Bureau BTB Belize Tourism Board HFLE Health and Family Life Education BTIA Belize Tourism Industry Association HIL Household Indigence Line CAMRODDD Caribbean Agency for Mental HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Retardation and Other Developmental HPV Human Papilloma Virus Disabilities and Delays HRH Human Resources for Health CARD Community Initiated Agriculture and Rural IDB Inter-American Development Bank Development Project ILO International Labour Organisation CARE Belize Community Agency for the Rehabilitation IT Information Technology and Education IMR Infant Mortality Rate CAREC Caribbean Epidemiology Center KAP Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices CARICOM Caribbean Community LAC Latin American-Caribbean CBI Caribbean Basin Initiative LLINs Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets CBOs Community Based Organisations LSMS Living Standards Measurement Survey CCA Common Country Assessment MDGs Millennium Development Goals CDRT Community Disaster Response Teams MFB Minimum Cost Daily Food Basket CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimina- MHD Ministry of Human Development tion Against Women MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey CFNI Caribbean Food and Nutritional Institute MMR Maternal Mortality Rate CHWs Community Health Workers MOE Ministry of Education CNAs Certified Nursing Assistants MOH Ministry of Health CNCDs Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases MSM Men who have Sex with Men COMPAR Community and Parent Empowerment NAP National AIDS Programme CPA Country Poverty Assessment NaRCIE The National Resource Centre for Inclusive CPI Consumer Price Index Education CPS Child Protection Services NCFC National Committee for Families and CRC Convention on Rights of the Child Children CRD Community Rehabilitation Department NEMO National Emergency Management CRO Community Rehabilitation Officer Organization CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations Disabilities NHI National Health Insurance CSEC Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children NMR Neonatal Mortality Rate CSOs Community Service Orders NOPCAN National Organisation for the Prevention of CSW Commercial Sex Workers Child Abuse and Neglect An Ecological Review 3 NPA National Plan of Action TB Tuberculosis NQTs Newly Qualified Teachers TCGA Toledo Cacao Growers Association OAS Organization of American States TDC Toledo Development Corporation OFDA Office Of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance TOLCA Toledo Children and Adolescents OPEC Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting TSAP Toledo Strategy and Action Plan Countries UB University of Belize ORS Oral Rehydration Salts UDP United Democratic Party ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy UN United Nations PAHO Pan American Health Organization UNAIDS The Joint United Nations Programme on PASMO Pan American Social Marketing Organization HIV/AIDS PHIs Public Health Inspectors UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance PMTCT Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Framework PPAs Participatory Poverty Assessments UNDP United Nations Development Programme PSE Primary School Exam UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and PUP People’s United Party Cultural Organization QADS Quality Assurance and Development UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Services Refugees SES Socio-Economic Status UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund SIB Statistical Institute of Belize USAID United States Agency for International SICA System for Central American Integration Development SitAn Situation Analysis VPL Vulnerable to Poverty Line STD Sexually Transmitted Disease WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene STI Sexually Transmitted Infection WHO World Health Organization TA Technical Assistance YAM Youth Advocacy Movement 4 Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Belize 2011 Figure 28. Share of entrant students with PSE scores Figures,Tables and <50% Figure 29. Poverty rates by age group, 2009 Diagrams Figure 30. Overview of Belize education system Figure 31. Distribution of schools by district, 2009-10 Figures Figure 32. School enrollment by district, 2009-10 Figure 1. Connection between contributing factors and Figure 33. Distribution of teachers by district, 2009-10 achieving rights and MDGs Figure 34. Geographic distribution of schools, 2008-2009 Figure 2. Relationship between combined progress Figure 35. School densities across all domains – from distal to proximal -- Figure 36. School types by district and geographic location and the achievement of rights and MDGs Figure 37. Pre-schools by type, district and geographic Figure 3. Belize map, showing districts location Figure 4. 2009 Poverty Distribution for both Households Figure 38. Primary schools by type, district and geographic and Population location Figure 5. Poverty in Belize, 2002 and 2009 Figure 39. Secondary schools by type, district and geo- Figure 6. District Population Poverty Rates, 2002 and graphic location 2009 Figure 40. Distribution of ministry of education capital Figure 7. Belize Oil Production budget, 2008-09 Figure 8. Comparison of Remittances Figure 41. MOE’s recurrent spending per student by Figure 9. Five leading causes of death, both sexes, in education level, 2008-9 Belize, 2005 & 2009 Figure 42. Disciplinary Practices Figure 10. Five leading causes of mortality in females in Figure 43. Juvenile Crime Rates 2004 - 2008 Belize, 2005 & 2009 Figure 44. Juvenile arrest and conviction rates for 2004 - Figure 11. Belize Infant Mortality Rate, 2003-2010 2008 Figure 12. Under Five Mortality Rate,
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