Appendix 1
Appendix 1.A1 Overview of Major Divisions in the Islamic Old World
PROPHET MUHAMMAD 570–632 Abu Bakr Umar Caliphs 1–4, 632–661 Usman
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib d. 661 (son-in-law of the Prophet)
1st Imam of the SHI‘A 4th Caliph of the SUNNIS
SUFIS ca. 700 on Hasan ibn ‘Ali d. 669 with shari‘a, orthodox: 2nd Imam Naqshbandi, Suhrawardi, 661–750, Umayyid Caliphate Chishtiyya, Qadariyya, Tusi, Damascus, Syria Husayn ibn ‘Ali d. 680 Firdausi, Junaydi, Habibi, rd 3 Imam (also without shari‘a, heterodox) ‘Ali Zayn al-‘Abidin d. 713 4th Imam
Zayd ibn ‘Ali d. 740 Muhammad al-Baqir d. 732 5th Imam: Zaydis 5th Imam
Ja’far as-Sadiq d. 765 750–1256, Abbasid Caliphate th 6 Imam Baghdad, Iraq
Muhammad ibn Isma‘il d. 775 Musa al-Kazim d. 794/97 7th Imam: Isma‘ilis 7th Imam: Ithna ‘Ashari
Hasan al-‘Askari d. 873
Muhammad al-Muntazar d. 878 (12th Imam, Mahdi - into concealment)
Fatimid dynasty (910–1171) 1258–1517 Caliphate in Egypt Druze
Al-Mustansirbillah d. 1094
Nizar Al-Musta‘ali Nizari Isma‘ilis, Khojahs Musta‘ali and Tayyibi Bohras, Daudi Bohras
Al-Tayyib (into concealment 1130) 1517–1924 Caliphate in Istanbul Prince Karim Aga Khan (49th Imam)
Source: Author’s configuration. Note: This figure is a very rough guide to the divisions within heartland or old world Islam over time in the main lines of transmission. Intended only to assist those who like to refer to names, dates, and descent time lines, it is admittedly incomplete and drawn from numerous sources that sometimes differ slightly with respect to dates and spellings.
143 Appendix 2.A1 Major Muslim American Organizations
Name Founding Date Founder(s) Initial Location African American Muslim organizations Moorish Science Temple 1913, 1920s Noble Drew Ali East Coast, Midwest Nation of Islama 1930 W. D. Fard, Elijah Muhammad Detroit, Chicago Ahmadiyyas 1920 Missionaries from Indian (later East Coast
Pakistani) sect Appendix 2 American Islamic organizations Federation of Islamic Associations (FIA) 1953 Lebanese immigrants Midwest, Canada Muslim Students’ Association (MSA) 1963 Arabic-speaking foreign Plainfield, Indiana students in the United States Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) 1982 Grew out of MSA Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA) 1971 Pakistani Jamati Islami party ties New York American Muslim political organizations American Muslim Alliance (AMA) 1989 South Asian leaders Fremont, California American Muslim Council (AMC) 1990 Arab leaders Washington, D.C. Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC) 1988 Multi-ethnic leaders Los Angeles, California Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) 1994 Arab leaders Washington, D.C. American Muslim Political Coordinating 1999 AMA, AMC, MPAC, and Youngstown, Ohio Council (AMPCC) AMPCC
Source: Author’s compilation. Note: This appendix is intended to assist readers who are unfamiliar with the major Muslim organizations in the United States and the many abbreviations used for them in the text. This list necessarily omits many other organizations. a Warith Deen Mohammed, son of Elijah Muhammad, assumed leadership in 1975 and renamed the group World Community of Al-Islam in the West, then American Muslim Mission, then Muslim American Society, then American Society of Muslims (as of 2003). Louis Farrakhan split off and resurrected NOI in 1978; in 2000 Farrakhan began to reconcile with W. D. Mohammed.