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Radovi Instituta Za Povijest Umjetnosti 35 UDK 7.0/77 Zagreb, 2011 Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti 35 UDK 7.0/77 Zagreb, 2011. ISSN 0350-3437 Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti 35 Journal of the Institute of Art History, Zagreb Rad. Inst. povij. umjet., sv. 35, Zagreb, 2011., str. 1–308 Rad. Inst. povij. umjet. 35/2011. (255–268) Dalibor Prančević: Malvina Hoffman i Ivan Meštrović: umjetnička i biografska ukrštanja dvoje kipara Dalibor Prančević Filozofski fakultet u Splitu, Odsjek za povijest umjetnosti Malvina Hoffman i Ivan Meštrović: umjetnička i biografska ukrštanja dvoje kipara Prethodno priopćenje – Preliminary communication Predano 30. 6. 2011. – Prihvaćeno 15. 10. 2011. UDK: 73 Hoffman, M. 73 Meštrović, I. Sažetak Sagledavanje umjetničkih i biografskih ukrštanja američke kiparice Meštrovićeva dolaska u Ameriku u svojstvu profesora kiparstva na Malvine Hoffman i Ivana Meštrovića neobično je važno kako zbog tamošnjem Syracuse University kao i organizaciju njegove izložbe u pojašnjenja autorstva dokumentarnog filma o nastajanju Meštrovićeva Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1947. godine. Rezultat je to iskrenog spomenika Indijancima, podignutog u Chicagu 1928. godine tako i zbog prijateljstva i iznimnog poštovanja što su ih umjetnici dugo godina potpunije rekonstrukcije Meštrovićevih kretanja u ratnom vremenu i međusobno gajili. Tekst je rezultat istraživanja Arhiva Malvine Ho- vremenu poraća provedenima u Švicarskoj i Italiji. Malvina Hoffman ffman realiziranoga u Getty Research Institute u Los Angelesu, 2007. je autorica spomenutog filma no i najzaslužnija je osoba za inicijativu godine. Ključne riječi: Malvina Hoffman, Ivan Meštrović, Spomenik Indijancima, Syracuse University, William P. Tolley, manuskript o Michelangelu O Ivanu Meštroviću napisano je podosta tekstova koji se bave Američkim Državama, odnosno njenu zaslugu za kiparovo pojedinim dionicama njegova rada ili ukupnim stvaralaštvom, preseljenje na američki kontinent nakon nepovoljnih uvjeta poznanstvima što ih je ostvario sa značajnim osobama iz Drugoga svjetskog rata. Naime, uvid u epistolarij omogućio je političkog, znanstvenog i kulturno-umjetničkog kruga. Me- preciznu rekonstrukciju Meštrovićevih kretanja u godinama đutim, njegovim dodirima s američkom kiparicom Malvinom rata i vremenu poraća, svjedočeći i o specifičnim uvjetima Hoffman nije se dosada posvetila zasebna studija. Malvina u kojima je umjetnik morao donijeti odluku o preseljenju u Hoffman (New York, 1887.–1966.) je u povijesti umjetnosti Ameriku u već zrelom razdoblju svoga života. Napose su za- ostala zabilježena ponajprije zahvaljujući projektu Hall of nimljiva umjetnikova razmišljanja o umjetninama i literarnim the Races of Mankind za Field Museum of Natural History u tekstovima na kojima je u tom vremenu radio. Chicagu, sastavljenom od niza kiparskih reprezentacija razli- Materijal koji je korišten većim se dijelom nalazi u Arhivu čitih ljudskih rasa i njihovih kulturalnih skupina. Kiparsku Malvine Hoffman što se čuva u Getty Research Institute u Los afirmaciju postigla je i nizom djela kojima je razrađivala temu Angelesu, međutim korišten je i dio korespondencije Ivana plesa, što je posljedica bliskog prijateljstva sa slavnom ruskom 1 balerinom Annom Pavlovom. Meštrovića pohranjen u Atelijeru Meštrović u Zagrebu. Uzajamni odnos i naklonost Malvine Hoffman i Ivana Me- štrovića zanimljivi su poradi razumijevanja njihova životnog Premise poznanstva konteksta, radnog habitusa, ali su i izvorišta specifičnog promatračkog rakursa na djela što su ih oboje oblikovali. U pokušaju rekonstrukcije kontakata dvoje umjetnika važno Malvina Hoffman značajna je, a što je malo poznato, i poradi je ustanoviti kada su se Malvina Hoffman i Ivan Meštrović angažmana na snimanju poznatih dokumentarnih filmskih imali priliku prvi puta upoznati. Izgleda da je prve njihove zabilježbi o nastajanju glasovitih Meštrovićevih Indijanaca, međusobne dodire, iako ne i susrete, moguće pratiti tek od javnog spomenika podignutog u Chicagu 1928. godine. Tekst 1922. godine, kada započinju ozbiljnije pripreme za Meštro- će se, osim eksplikacijom novih podataka, baviti razvojem tog vićevu prvu samostalnu izložbu u Sjedinjenim Američkim zanimljivog odnosa među umjetnicima te posredstvom auten- Državama.2 O tome piše sama Malvina Hoffman, ali potvrđuje tičnih dokumenata pokušati pojasniti ulogu Malvine Hoffman i pismo što ga Ivan Meštrović te godine iz Dresdena upućuje u afirmaciji i prezentaciji djela Ivana Meštrovića u Sjedinjenim stanovitom don Niki u New York.»Ime gđice Hoffman poznato 255 Dalibor Prančević: Malvina Hoffman i Ivan Meštrović: umjetnička i biografska ukrštanja dvoje kipara Rad. Inst. povij. umjet. 35/2011. (255–268) mi je kao i njezin predan rad za našu narodnu stvar za vrijeme izložbe radova Ivana Meštrovića u Brooklyn Museum of Art, rata.«.3 Naime, kiparica je tijekom Prvoga svjetskog rata bila međutim uvelike je zaslužna za daljnje kiparove angažmane i uključena u kampanju Crvenog križa te je putovala prostori- recepciju njegova rada u Americi.8 Pismo koje joj šalje Milan ma koji će se u poslijeratnoj zbilji definirati kao nova državna Marjanović dokazuje da je bila dobro obaviještena o tijeku asocijacija. Meštrović svom korespondentu potvrđuje kako će priprema izložbe i o djelima koja pristižu u Ameriku.9 se izložba njegovih radova održati u Americi te kako je brigu Meštrovićevu izložbu u Brooklyn Museum of Art pratila je oko toga preuzela njegova znanica Cornelia Sage-Quinton, manja izložba njegovih radova u zgradi Marquand Stable direktorica Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo. »Kao što meni tako će što ju je MacDowell Club netom kupio i prilagodio za svoju bez sumnje biti milo i gđi Sage da dobije tako odlične pomagače djelatnost promocije različitih vrsta umjetničkog izraza pa kao što je gđica M. Hoffman, pa ako je to i njoj milo onda će biti tako i kiparstva.10 Uz privatno je otvorenje tom prilikom najbolje da se što prije stavi u vezu s gđom Sage koja će je moći priređen i svečani prijem u čast Ivanu Meštroviću koji su najbolje informirati u kojem je sada stadiju priprema za izložbu pohodili ugledni ljubitelji umjetnosti ali i njezini istinski a ujedno će se moći dogovoriti za buduće.« Kako bi naglasio znalci. Jedna je od glavnih inicijatorica tih događanja bila osnovno obilježje američke izložbe, a potaknut velikim poli- Malvina Hoffman. Njenim se posredništvom obavljala i ku- tičkim implikacijama svojih europskih izložbenih uspješnica, poprodaja pojedinih Meštrovićevih djela.11 Nadalje, nekoliko Ivan Meštrović ističe: »Moram da Vas upozorim, a to kažite i pisama što su ih razmijenili Malvina Hoffman i Henry W. poštovanoj gđici Hoffman, da moja izložba neće imati propa- Kent, tajnik Metropolitan Museum of Art, posvjedočuje gandistički karakter nego čisto umjetnički.«. Kipar naposljetku interes tog glasovitog njujorškog muzeja za kompletiranjem izražava svoju zahvalnost Malvini Hoffman na interesu i ostavlja svoje zbirke jednim od kiparovih djela.12 Hoffman je o ot- adresu kako bi mu se ona mogla obratiti ukoliko se za to ukaže kupu razgovarala i s Georgeom Blumenthalom, poznatim potreba. To pismo potvrđuje kako se Meštrović i Hoffman do američkim filantropom a kasnije i direktorom muzeja. U kraja 1922. godine još nisu sreli i osobno upoznali ali kako su pismu što mu ga upućuje Malvina objašnjava mogućnost imali informacije o međusob nim aktivnostima.4 repliciranja u mramoru Meštrovićeve skulpture Moja majka 13 U ovom je kontekstu važno istaći jednu epizodu iz kiparičinih (1908.) u slučaju da se odabere za muzejsku akviziciju. me moara u kojoj tumači kako je za Ivana Meštrovića zapravo Naime, odluka je Ivana Meštrovića da će ostati u Americi čula znatno ranije posredstvom Augustea Rodina. »Kada sam i izraditi »kopiju u mramoru« tog djela za 12000 dolara za 1910. godine otišla u Pariz studirati kod Rodina svratio mi bilo koji muzej, pod uvjetom da mu se dopusti načiniti još tri je pažnju na rad mladog jugoslavenskog Titana kako su zvali mramorne kopije u slučaju budućeg interesa. Kent, kojemu Meštrovića. Rodin je rekao: ‘Držite na oku ovog kipara, on je je kopija pisma bila proslijeđena, odgovara Malvini Hoffman fenomen.’«5 Nije bez značenja što su prva saznanja Malvine kako je Odbor Muzeja razmatrao navedenu cijenu, ali ne za Hoffman o Meštrovićevim kiparskim nastojanjima potekla »repliku« djela nego za jednu od skulptura što su je članovi od kipara kojeg su i Hoffman i Meštrović smatrali velikim vidjeli u Klubu MacDowell. Nije jasno o kojoj je skulpturi 14 autoritetom na području moderne skulpture. Premda je riječ, jer do akvizicije naposljetku nije došlo. Ivan Meštrović imao priliku upoznati Augustea Rodina još Kod Malvine su se Hoffman nalazile i razne fotografije Me- za vrijeme studija na bečkoj likovnoj akademiji, a o čemu štrovićevih radova što ih je posuđivala za potrebe novinskih piše i sam umjetnik, njihovo se poznanstvo produbljuje napisa i koristila kao ogledni materijal za promidžbu djela. Meštrovićevim dolaskom u Pariz, 1908. godine.6 U tom je smislu zanimljivo navesti pismo što ga je Howard Nije naodmet napomenuti kako je upravo Auguste Rodin Chandler Robbins, dekan kampusa Cathedral of St. John the Divine u New Yorku, uputio Malvini Hoffman zahvaljujući se bio članom Počasnog odbora organizacije Appui aux artistes 15 koja je utemeljena u Parizu 1914. godine sa zadatkom pomoći na fotografijama koje joj vraća. On ne skriva oduševljenje umjetnicima i njihovim obiteljima i suradnicima u teškim Meštrovićevim radovima, kao što ga ne skriva niti Komisija uvjetima rata. Među utemeljiteljicama i glavnim aktivistki- za ikonografiju kojoj je iste fotografije
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