Bibliography Additional Readings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Rhubarb - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/rhubarb/588000 (http://www.accessscience.com/) Article by: Carew, H. John Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Publication year: 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.588000 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.588000) Content Bibliography Additional Readings An herbaceous perennial, Rheum rhaponticum, of Mediterranean origin, belonging to the plant order Polygonales in older botanical classifications or Caryophyllales in newer classifications. Rhubarb (see illustration) is grown for its thick petioles (stalks or stems that support the leaf blades), which are used mainly as a cooked dessert; frequently, it is called the pie-plant. The leaves, which are high in oxalic acid content, are not commonly considered edible. Propagation is by division of root crowns. Victoria, Macdonald, and Valentine are popular varieties (cultivars). Commercial production is limited generally to areas where crowns may become dormant for 2–3 months each year. Outdoor rhubarb is a common garden vegetable in most areas of the United States except the South. Harvesting begins in the spring and continues for 6–10 weeks. Commercial plantings are renewed every 4–8 years. In the United States, Michigan and Washington are important centers for forced or hothouse rhubarb. Two- or three-year-old field-grown crowns are moved into darkened forcing structures in late winter and forced at 55–60°F (12.8–15.6°C) to obtain petioles of a bright-red color. See also: Caryophyllales (/content/caryophyllales /111600); Horticultural crops (/content/horticultural-crops/323900); Polygonales (/content/polygonales/534800) Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum). (Photograph courtesy of P. J. Bennett, Lakewood, OH) H. John Carew Bibliography 1 of 3 6/16/2016 6:43 AM Rhubarb - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/rhubarb/588000 C. M. Foust, Rhubarb: The Wondrous Drug, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1992 T. Püssa et al., Polyphenolic composition of roots and petioles of Rheum rhaponticum L., Phytochem. Anal., 20:98–103, 2009 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1102 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.1102) J. Roggemans and P. Boxus, Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.), pp. 339–350, in Y. P. S. Bajaj (ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 6: Crops II, Springer, Berlin, 1988 Additional Readings R. Lively (ed.), Taunton's Complete Guide to Growing Vegetables & Herbs, Taunton Press, Newtown, CT, 2011 N. K. Sinha (ed.), Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing, Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA, 2011 Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum, Rhubarbarum verum) (http://www.nutri-ception.co.uk/office/documents/pdf/NCF0109.pdf) The Rhubarb Compendium (http://www.rhubarbinfo.com/) 2 of 3 6/16/2016 6:43 AM .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Illinois Exotic Species List
Exotic Species in Illinois Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information. Microbes viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp. West Nile virus Flavivirus sp. Zika virus Flavivirus sp. Fungi oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi late blight Phytophthora infestans white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Plants okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus common yarrow* Achillea millefolium Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa
[Show full text]
2016 Nwbio Farmer's Market Tables
Table 1: SUPERMARKET BOTANY NAME: DATE: LOCATION(S) VISITED: Examine edible plants from the produce aisle or at the Farmers Market and use your knowledge of plant anatomy to determine plant organ(s). ** How do you know? Answer this question using diagnostic features and relationship to other plant parts. Complete common & scientific names when not given in the table. Anatomy of Edible **How Do You Know? Name of Vegetable Scientific Name Part Carrot Family Apiaceae Daucus carota Carrot Apium graveolens Celery Sunflower Family Asteraceae Artichoke Cynara scolymus Belgian endive Cichorium intybus Lettuce Lactuca sativa Mustard Family Brassicaceae Brussels Sprout Brassica oleracea Cauliflower Brassica oleracea Cabbage Brassica oleracea Kale Brassica oleracea Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea Radish Raphanus sativus Turnip Brassica rapa Spinach Family Chenopodiaceae Swiss Chard Beta vulgaris Beet Beta vulgaris Spinach Spinacea oleracea Farmer’s Market Tables.doc Table 1: SUPERMARKET BOTANY continued Anatomy of Edible **How Do You Know? Name of Vegetable Scientific Name Part Lamiaceae Mint Family Lavender Buckwheat Family Polygonaceae Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum Lily Family Relatives Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Garlic Tomato Family Potatoe Eggplant Petunia Squash Family Family: Cinnamon Family: Vanilla Modified from Lab Manual for Applied Botany. Levetin, MacMahon, and Reinsvold (2002) Table 2: Lane County Farmer’s Market Seasonal Crop Calendar (a chart will be included in the hard copy but can be seen at the following URL) http://www.farmfresh.org/learn/harvestcalendar.php http://www.lanecountyfarmersmarket.com/ Farmer’s Market Tables.doc Table 3: Plant Family Foods After each food item in the MENU below, write in the standard plant family name to which the food belongs.
[Show full text]
Poisonous Plants -John Philip Baumgardt TURIST Are Those of the Authors and Are Not Necessarily Tho Se of the Society
American · ulturist How you spray does make a differenee. Now, more than ever, it's im portant to use just the right amount of spray to rid your garden of harmful insects and disease . This is the kind of precise 12. Right &1pressure: A few 4. Right pattern: Just turn control you get with a Hudson strokes of the pump lets you spray nozzle to get a fine or sprayer. Here's why you get spray at pressure you select coarse spray . Or for close-up best results, help protect the -high for a fine mist (good or long-range spraying. environment: for flowers) or low for a wet 5. Most important, right place: With a Hudson sprayer, 1 L( 1 spra~ (:~Stfor weeds) you place spray right where the trouble is. With its long extension and adjustable noz zle, you easily reach all parts I. R;ghl m;" W;lh a Hudson of plant. Especially under the ~ leaves where many insects sprayer, you mix spray exact- . Iy 'as recommended And 3. Right amount: Squeeze hide and most disease starts. that's the way it goes o~ your handle, spray's on. Release, For a more beautiful garden plants-not too strong or too it's off. Spray just to the point -a better environment weak. of runoff. C?at the plant, keep you r sprayi ng right on .,.J... IJ:~:1i.~ ,don't drench It. target-with a Hudson spray er. Get yours now. How you spray does make a difference! SIGN OF THE BEST BUV SPRAYERS AND DUSTERS .,..~<tlt\O ' P * "'Al Cf O('f"(I,1: ~Good Housekeeping; ""'1,; GU, U N1(( S ~.'" Allow 2 to 4 weeks delivery, Offer expires December 31 , 1972.
[Show full text]
Threat Specific Contingency Plan: Pierce's Disease (Xylella Fastidiosa)
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Pierce’s disease (Xylella fastidiosa) Plant Health Australia September 2011 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Level 1, 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Xylella fastidiosa 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan ................................................................
[Show full text]
ENCYCLOPEDIA of FOODS Part II
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FOODS Part II art I of this book reviewed the relationship of diet to health and provided recommenda- Ptions for choosing foods and planning diets that contribute to health. The healthiest diets are based on a variety of plant foods—whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and nuts. Animal products and added fats and oils, sugars, and other sweeteners are best consumed in small quantities. The Food Guide Pyramid reviewed earlier in this book graphically emphasizes the proportions of these foods in the daily diet. Accordingly, we have arranged this section with priority given to grains, fruits, and vegetables—those items that should predominate at every meal and that most people need to consume in greater quantities. Animal products—meat and other high-protein foods and dairy foods—are also discussed. However, these are the foods that should make up relatively smaller parts of our diets. Part II introduces you to many foods from which you can choose and provides you with knowledge about the nutrients these foods have to offer. In addition, we provide informa- tion about the sources of the foods you purchase and eat—the individual plants and animals, how they are processed to the products that appear on store shelves, and some of the history of these foods in our diet. Before we introduce the foods themselves, we want to explain the arrangement and presentation of food items in these sections. Because this book is written for a North American audience, we have included food products that are available to most North Americans. Within the sections on Fruits and Vegetables, we have listed items by their common names in alphabetical order; when a food has more than one common name, the index should help in locating the item.
[Show full text]
Purdue Master Gardener Vegetable Encyclopedia
Purdue Master Gardener Vegetable Encyclopedia This encyclopedia provides basic information on all commonly grown vegetables. It was designed to help Purdue Master Gardeners answer question on vegetables and vegetable gardening. - Use it as an encyclopedia, looking up information on specific vegetables rather than reading it through as a book. - Don’t print this document out without looking it over first – it’s 94 pages! You can print out just the pages you need later, should you want a paper copy of the information. Each section introduction and individual vegetable has its own page, so printing just what you want is easy. If you want to print out the whole encyclopedia in the most concise form, see the Extension Educator at your Purdue Extension county office for a printable copy. - Use the Bookmarks to the left side of this document to find specific topics. Page numbers are also given in the Table of Contents on page 2. - Read Basics of Vegetable Gardening (page 3), which provides basic, general information on garden layout, fertilization, planting, and care, before you look up specific vegetables. - Use the links to find more information. Links to websites are indicated by a solid line. If the link is broken, just use your web browser to search for the name of the site. Links to information within the encyclopedia are indicated by a dashed line. Just click and go. About the Encyclopedia Listings Descriptions of commonly grown vegetables contain several parts: - Snapshot. Look here for quick, basic information, a summary of the other sections. - Planting. Find detailed information on how and when to plant.
[Show full text]
Rhubarb in Home Gardens, SP291-Q
Agricultural Extension Service The University of Tennessee SP 291-Q Vegetables Rhubarb in Home Gardens R. Allen Straw, Assistant Professor, Plant Sciences Originally prepared by Alvin Rutledge and David W. Sams, Professors Emeriti, Plant and Soil Science The rhubarb or pie plant (Rheum rhaponticum) Rhubarb plants grown in Tennessee continue to belongs to the Polygonaceae or buckwheat family. The develop new leaves until the weather turns hot and the plant is a herbaceous perennial with leaves growing soil becomes dry, then the leaves die and the plants go directly from the crown. The leaf petioles or stalks dormant. While in summer dormancy, rhubarb is very are used in making pies, sauces and various tart food susceptible to Phytophthora crown rot and frequently items. The leaf blades contain considerable soluble dies. If it survives the summer, it may revive in the fall oxalic acid and are poisonous to humans. Less oxalic and grow until the leaves are killed by the ﬁ rst hard acid is present in the petioles. The lower concentration freeze. Because of the hot, dry summers in Tennessee, and the decreased solubility of the oxalic acid in the a rhubarb plant may be short lived. This is especially petioles make them edible for human beings. true in West Tennessee. Nutritionally, rhubarb provides appreciable amounts of Vitamins A and C. It also contains moder- Location ate levels of calcium and potassium. It is low in fats Because the Tennessee climate is borderline for and carbohydrates but very acid. Its acidity requires rhubarb production, it is extremely important to pick the addition of considerable sugar, which greatly adds the best site available.
[Show full text]
Kentucky Unwanted Plants
Chapter 6 A Brief Guide to Kentucky’s Non-Native, Invasive Species, Common Weeds, and Other Unwanted Plants A publication of the Louisville Water Company Wellhead Protection Plan, Phase III Source Reduction Grant # X9-96479407-0 Chapter 6 A Brief Guide to Kentucky’s Non-native, Invasive Species, Common Weeds and Other Unwanted Plants What is an invasive exotic plant? A plant is considered exotic, (alien, foreign, non- indigenous, non-native), when it has been introduced by humans to a location outside its native or natural range. Most invasive, exotic plants have escaped cultivation or have spread from its origin and have become a problem or a potential problem in natural biological communities. For example, black locust, a tree that is native to the southern Appalachian region and portions of Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, was planted throughout the U.S. for living fences, erosion control, and other uses for many years. Black locust is considered exotic outside its natural native range because it got to these places Kudzu is an invasive exotic plant that has spread by human introduction rather than by natural from Japan and China to become a large problem in dispersion. It has become invasive, displacing native much of the US. Local, state, and the federal species and adversely impacting ecosystems and governments spend millions of dollars per year to several endangered native bird species that depend on control the spread of kudzu. Even yearly control other plants for food, as well as several endangered may not be enough to successfully remove kudzu. Seeds can remain dormant in the plant species.
[Show full text]
Boards' Fodder
boards’ fodder Plants By Cynthia Chen, DO ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS Common Name Formal Name Inciting Agents Garlic Alliaceae Chive Alliaceae Diallyl Sulfide, Allylpropyl Disulfide, Allicin Onions Alliaceae, Allium cepa Peruvian lily Alstromeria spp Tuliposide A Poison ivy Anacardiaceae, Toxicodendron genus Poison oak Anacardiaceae, Toxicodendron genus Pentadecacatechol in oleoresin (urushiol) Poison sumac Anacardiaceae, Toxicodendron genus Japanese lacquer tree Anacardiaceae, Toxicodendron verniciflua Mango Anacardiaceae, Mangifera indica Resorcinols Brazilian pepper tree Anacardiaceae, Schinus terebinthifolius Indian marking tree Anacardiaceae, Semecarpus anacardium Ragweed Asteraceae (Compositae), Ambrosia spp Artichokes Asteraceae (Compositae), Cynara scolymus Chrysanthemum Asteraceae (Compositae), Dendranthema cultivars Sesquiterpene lactone Pyrethrum Asteraceae (Compositae), Tanacetum cinerarilifolium Feverfew Asteraceae (Compositae), Tanacetum parthenium Gingko tree Ginkgoaceae Urushiol cross-reacting chemicals Tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia Terpinolene, ascaridol, alpha-terpinene, 1,2,4-trihydroxy menthane Longleaf pine Pinus palustrius Colophony Primrose Primulaceae, Primula obconica Primin Tulips Tulipa spp Tuliposide A, Tuliposide B CHEMICAL IRRITANT DERMATITIS Common Name Formal Name Inciting Agents Century plant Agave Americana Calcium oxalate, saponins (latex throughout plant) Garlic Alliaceae, Allium sativum Thiocyanates Daffodil Amaryllidaceae, Narcissus spp Calcium oxalate Cashew tree Anacardiaceae, Anacardium occidentale
[Show full text]
Deer Resistant Plants for the Sierra Foothills
Deer-Resistant Plants Page 1 Publication DEER-RESISTANT PLANTS FOR THE Number 1 31-113 SIERRA FOOTHILLS (ZONE 7 ) (revised July COMPILED BY UC Cooperative Extension Nevada County Master Gardeners 2003) EDITED BY Cindy Fake, Horticulture and Small Farms Advisor, Placer and Nevada Counties Various factors can make a plant resistant to deer. Many of the most resistant plants are poisonous, some at all times, and others only at certain stages of growth. Palatability of nontoxic plants also varies with plant age or with the seasons. Because of all these considerations, the following list of deer-resistant plans should be considered as a gen- eral guide only; deer will sometimes browse some of the plants listed--as they will sometimes avoid plants not listed. All young plants, shrubs, and trees should be protected from the deer until they get a chance to become somewhat established. Bold face indicates that the plant is particularly resistant. Few, if any, plant species are totally resistant to deer. PLANTS SUITABLE FOR ANY SUN EXPOSURE CONDITIONS (Full Sun, Partial Shade, and Little or No Direct Sunlight) BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAMES WATER REQUIREMENTS2 Acanthus mollis Bear’s Breech Moderate to Regular Alnus cordata Italian Alder Regular to Ample Calycanthus occidentalis Western Spice Bush Regular Euphorbia spp.3 Moderate to Regular Impatiens spp. Balsam, Touch-Me-Not, Snapweed Regular Iris spp. Vary by species. Mahonia spp. Oregon Grape Little to Regular Mimulus spp. Monkey Flower Vary by Species Miscanthus sinensis Eulalia, Japanese Silver
[Show full text]
European Red List of Medicinal Plants
European Red List of Medicinal Plants Compiled by David Allen, Melanie Bilz, Danna J. Leaman, Rebecca M. Miller, Anastasiya Timoshyna and Jemma Window European Red List of Medicinal Plants Compiled by David Allen, Melanie Bilz, Danna J. Leaman, Rebecca M. Miller, Anastasiya Timoshyna and Jemma Window IUCN Global Species Programme IUCN European Union Representative Office IUCN Species Survival Commission Published by the European Commission. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or the European Union. Citation: Allen, D., Bilz, M., Leaman, D.J., Miller, R.M., Timoshyna, A. and Window, J. 2014. European Red List of Medicinal Plants. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Design and layout: Imre Sebestyén jr. / UNITgraphics.com Printed by: Rosseels Printing Picture credits on cover page: Artemisia granatensis is endemic to the mountains of Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. The plant is considered Endangered as a result of population decline and range contraction. ©José Quiles Hoyo / www.florasilvestre.es All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details). Photographs should
[Show full text]
8 Phylogenetic Relationships Using Restriction Site Variation of the Chloroplast DNA Inverted Repeat
8 Phylogenetic Relationships Using Restriction Site Variation of the Chloroplast DNA Inverted Repeat STEPHEN R. DOWNIE and JEFFREY D. PALMER 8.1 Introduction Despite intensive multidisciplinary studies using nonmolecular characters, relationships among families comprising the Caryophyllales remain unclear. Recmistruction of phylogenies from molecular data has become an increas ingly common approach in systematics and has often provided valuable insight into historical relationships. Of the three genomes present in plants, the chloroplast genome is now the most widely used for phylogenetic inference. The chloroplast genomes of photosynthetic land plants are circular DNA molecules ranging in size from 120 to 217 kilobase pairs (kb) (Palmer 1985). Complete restriction maps are available for several species of Caryo phyllidae; their chloroplast genomes range between 147.and 158kb (Palmer 1982, 1985; Downie and Palmer 1992a). Chloroplast genomes contain, with few exceptions, two duplicate regions in reverse orientation known as the inverted repeat (IR). In a typical angiosperm chloroplast genome of 150 kb, each of the two IR copies is about 25 kb. These repeated regions separate the remainder of the molecule into large single-copy and small single-copy regions (Fig. 8.1). The expansion or contraction of the IR.into, or out of, adjacent single-copy regions·, and changes in sequence complexity due to insertion or deletion of unique sequences are largely responsible for variation in size of the molecule. Recent studies of chloroplast DNA ( cpDNA) genome evolution have revealed a high degree of conservatism in size, structure, primary sequence, gene content, and linear order of genes among major lineages of land plants (Palmer 1985, 1991; Palmer and Stein 1986; Downie and Palmer 1992a).
[Show full text]