DOCSLIB.ORG

(1/2019). Turkish Yoke Or

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(1/2019). Turkish Yoke Or ZESZYTY NAUKOWE TOWARZYSTWA DOKTORANTÓW UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLOŃSKIEGO RADA NAUKOWA Przewodniczący Rady Naukowej Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Nowak | Rektor Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Dr Denys Azarov | Uniwersytet Narodowy „Akademia Kijowsko-Mohylańska” Prof. Martin Bier | East California University Prof. dr hab. Andriy Boyko | Lwowski Uniwersytet Narodowy im. Iwana Franki Prof. Hugh J. Byrne | FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology Dr hab. Adrián Fábián | University of Pécs Prof. dr hab. Maria Flis | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Gadacz | Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie Dr Herbert Jacobson | Linköping Universitet Prof. dr hab. Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dr Miklós Kiss | University of Groningen Dr Erdenhuluu Khohchahar | Kyoto University Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Kotarba | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dr Oleksiy Kresin | Narodowa Akademia Nauk Ukrainy Prof. dr hab. Marta Kudelska | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Tomasz Mach | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Mania | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dr Kristin McGee | University of Groningen Prof. dr hab. Karol Musioł | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. Biderakere E. Rangaswamy | Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Dr Melanie Schiller | University of Groningen Prof. dr hab. Jacek Składzień | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Leszek Sosnowski | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Bogdan Szlachta | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. Luigia di Terlizzi | Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Prof. Matthias Theodor Vogt | Institut für kulturelle Infrastruktur Sachsen ZESZYTY NAUKOWE TOWARZYSTWA DOKTORANTÓW UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLOŃSKIEGO ____________________________________________________ NAUKI SPOŁECZNE ~ NUMER 24 (1/2019) ~ TURKISH YOKE OR PAX OTTOMANA The Reception of Ottoman Heritage in the Balkan History and Culture Edited by Krzysztof Popek & Monika Skrzeszewska KRAKÓW 2019 Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów UJ ul. Czapskich 4/14, 31-110 Kraków www.doktoranci.uj.edu.pl/zeszyty Redaktor naczelna: Joanna Świt Zastępczyni redaktor naczelnej: Agnieszka Ścibior Sekretarz redakcji: Stanisław Szufa Redaktor prowadzący serii: Krzysztof Popek Redaktorzy tomu: Krzysztof Popek, Monika Skrzeszewska Recenzenci: dr hab. Karolina Bielenin-Lenczowska, Uniwersytet Warszawski dr Kamil Bieniek, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie prof. dr hab. Ilona Czamańska, Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu dr Rigels Halili, Uniwersytet Warszawski dr Kirił Marinow, Uniwersytet Łódzki dr Tomasz Jacek Lis, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu prof. Krystyna Pieniążek-Marković, Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu dr Tomasz Rawski, Uniwersytet Warszawski prof. dr hab. Jolanta Sujecka, Uniwersytet Warszawski dr Paweł Wierzbicki, Muzeum Miasta Krakowa prof. dr hab. Sławomira Żerańska-Kominek, Uniwersytet Warszawski Publikacja finansowana ze środków Towarzystwa Doktorantów UJ Ilustracja na okładce: A. Bozhilov, Na tursko-balgarska granica, „Balgaran” 1909, god. V, br. 13 (17 yanuari), p. 1. Współpraca wydawnicza: WYDAWNICTWO n o w a s t r o n a www.wydawnictwonowastrona.pl e-mail: [email protected] Portal naukowy ACADEMIC JOURNALS www.academic-journals.eu ___________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright by Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Nowa Strona All rights reserved Wydanie I, Kraków 2019 Nakład: 60 egz. e-ISSN 2082-9213 | p-ISSN 2299-2383 Contents INTRODUCTION 7 NEVYAN MITEV 9 The One Hundred Year Struggle of the Bulgarian People against the Turkish Invasion (from Momchil Yunak to the Crusades of Vladislav Varnenchik) KRZYSZTOF DOBOSZ 29 Rumeli in the Period of Dynastic Instability. Why Were the Ottoman Balkans So Important for the Dynasty in the First Half of the 15th Century? ALEKSANDAR ZLATANOV 45 Czajkowski’s Christian Army of the Sultan, 1853–1870 MATEUSZ SEROKA 59 Searching for “New Muslims.” Croatian Elite’ Stance Towards Bosnian Muslims Elites in Croatian Travelogues in the Second Half of 19th Century KRZYSZTOF POPEK 85 De-Ottomanisation of Land. Muslim Migrations and Ownership in the Bulgarian Countryside after 1878 MONIKA SKRZESZEWSKA 111 Poturica gori od Turčina or...? The Influence of Islam on “Our Muslims” in Serbian Nationalistic Discourse (Review from the Second Half of the 19th Century to the 1920s) AGATA PAWLINA 131 Traces of the Ottoman Musical Tradition in Early 20th-Century Western-Style Turkish Art Music PAWEŁ MICHALAK 143 The Image of Turkey in the Public Discourse of Interwar Yugoslavia During the Reign of King Aleksandar Karađorđević (1921–1934) According to the Newspaper “Politika” PIOTR MIROCHA 167 Semiotics of the Ottoman Bridge: Between Its Origins and Ivo Andrić ANGELIKA KOSIERADZKA 181 The Memory of Architecture, the Architecture of Contentious Memory. Post-Ottoman Edifices of Worship and the Contemporary Spaces of Bulgarian Cities— the Case of Dzhumaya Mosque and the Tomb of Bali Efendi ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 199 Introduction The Ottoman Empire influenced the policy of the Balkan Peninsula for almost six ages. Since the 14th century, the Turkish rules were the source of the Balkan social models, lifestyle, and culture—the Ottomans are the reason why the South-East is different than the rest of the Old Continent. It is obligatory to combine the history, policy, and culture of the Balkans with the Ottoman heritage because it helps us analyse the most crucial processes took place in the past. What more, we notice the effects of those processes even nowadays. There were two general visions of the Ottoman rule in South-Eastern Eu- rope. The Balkan researchers usually talk about the “Turkish yoke”—the alien and oppressive occupation linked with the discrimination of Christians, even the physical destruction. On the other side, there are Turkish researches, who presented this period as the idyllic commonwealth of people of different faiths and cultures, lived side by side in peace by centuries under the tolerant sultans’ rule. The visions of the “Turkish yoke” and “Ottoman commonwealth” contain as much truth about the Ottoman Balkans as the false and distortions, arising from the simplifications or ideological motivations. As the American re- searcher of Balkan origin, Ali Eminov said: “The Ottoman rule in Bulgaria was not a golden age of tolerance and equality. However, it was not a centuries-long dark age of unrelieved cruelty toward Bulgarians either.”1 These words can be applied to the whole region, not only Bulgaria. The vision of the “common- wealth” fits the general description of the ethnic relations in the Ottoman Balkan during the peace and stabilization, however, the “yoke” can be related to the crises, wars, uprising, and times of anxiety, which was dramatic to the Christian subjects of sultan (but Muslims as well). In that way, in the Balkan cultures and mentalities, there is a place for the contradictory stereotypes of the Turks and Muslims. On the one hand, they are “cruel tormentors”, on the other—“good neighbor”, which—with a wider historical perspective—can be translated into the historiographical visions of the “Turkish yoke” and “Ot- toman commonwealth.” The articles collected in the volume present the history and culture of the Ottoman Balkans from the arrival of the Turks to the Peninsula through the 19th until 20th century and the present reception of the Ottoman heritage in the region. Nevyan Mitev writes about the Bulgarian resistance against the 1 A. Eminov, Islam and Muslims in Bulgaria: A Brief History, “Islamic Studies” 1997, Vol. 36, No. 2–3, p. 221. 8 KRZYSZTOF POPEK, MONIKA SKRZESZEWSKA __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Turkish invasion in the 14th and 15th century. The same period is the topic of the next article written by Krzysztof Dobosz, who tried to answer the question “Why were the Balkans so important for the Ottomans in the first half of the 15th century?” We moved to the 19th century, which is opened by text by Aleksandar Zlatanov, who presents the project of the Christian army of Sultan led by a Polish writer, political agent, and renegade Michał Czajkowski—Sadık Paşa. Mateusz Seroka analyses the relation between Croatian and Bosnian Mus- lim elites in the 19th century. We move ones again to the Eastern Balkans to see the effects of the collapse of the Ottoman rules and Muslim mass migrations on the Bulgarian countryside after 1878, which is analyzed by Krzysztof Popek. In the next article, Monika Skrzeszewska presents the stereotypes of poturice in the Serbian nationalistic discourse from the 19th to the 1920s. Agata Pawlina takes us in a little different reality of the “Turkish Five”—a group of composers whose works set out the direction for modern Western-style Turkish art music at the beginning of the 20th century. Paweł Michalak focuses on the image of Turkey in the public discourse of interwar Yugoslavia. Piotr Mirocha analysis the semiotics of the Ottoman bridge, focusing on the works of the Yugoslavian Nobel laureate – Ivo Andrić. The last but not least article by Angelika Kosieradzka is a reflection about the place of the Post-Ottoman architecture in the contemporary spaces of Bulgarian cities. We would like to thank reviewers for the titanic work and valuable remarks without which the book could not come into being. Special thanks go to Tomasz Jacek Lis Ph.D. and Agnieszka
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Explore Centuries of Intellectual and Cultural Links Between the Middle East and Europe
    Winner of the 2018 PROSE Awards: R.R. Hawkins Award for excellence in scholarly publishing Explore centuries of intellectual and cultural links between the Middle East and Europe “This is a beautiful and fascinating collection primarily for scholars and researchers with a deep interest in the influence of the Middle East on the West.” Library Journal The Arcadian Library’s rare ancient manuscripts, early books and incunabula, documents, maps, and printed books tell the story of the shared heritage of Europe and the Middle East across a millennium. NEW Europe and the Ottoman World: Diplomacy and International Relations Comprising 35,500 facsimile images covering the period from 1475 to 1877, highlights include: • Unique illuminated and signed vellum letters from • A collection of 18th century anti-Turkish propaganda King James I to Sultan Osman II and from King pamphlets, providing insight into the history of Charles I to the Grand Vizier of Sultan Murad IV, Islamophobia in Europe. demonstrating attempts to open up new trade routes between Britain and the Middle East. • The Stopford Papers: an unstudied archive of official papers, letters and briefings sent to Admiral Sir Robert • A pair of fermans signed by Sultan Abdulmejid I Stopford, Commander-in-Chief of the British Mediterranean awarding the highest honours of the Ottoman Empire Fleet between 1837 and 1841, including his complete to the French diplomat Charles Joseph Tissot, together correspondence with the foreign secretary Viscount with signed documents by Napoleon III giving Palmerston during the second Egyptian-Ottoman War. permission for him to wear the award. Available To register for a free 30-day institutional trial, email: via perpetual access Americas: [email protected] UK, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia: [email protected] Australia and New Zealand: [email protected] www.arcadianlibraryonline.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Kay 492 Turkish Administrative History Week 5: Seljuk Empire + Emergence of Turks in World History Ortaylı, Pp
    Kay 492 Turkish Administrative History Week 5: Seljuk Empire + Emergence of Turks in World History Ortaylı, pp. 97-110 Emergence of Turks in History • Pre-Islamic Turkish tribes were influential • in Central Asia and Maveraünnehir (between Amudarya/ Seyhun and Syrderya/Ceyhun rivers), Caucasus, near Volga river and Near East • The Turks began to accept Islam from the 10th century and became an important force in the history of the Middle East • The mission of "being the sword of Islam" The Islamic World before the Seljuks • At the end of the 9th Century, Muslims dominated the Mediterranean • By the same time, the Eastern Roman Empire had (re)strengthened and entered an era of conquest • In Sicily, a cultural environment was created where Islam and Eastern Rome civilizations have merged • Islamic conquests came to a halt in the 10th Century, and a period of disintegration began with the Abbasids • Both the Andalusia (Umayyad Caliphate) and local dynasties in North Africa, Syria & Egypt have proclaimed independence • In 945 the Shiite Buveyhis became the protectors of the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad The Islamic World before the Seljuks • Recovery in the Christian world • The Eastern Roman Empire has gained strength again in the 10th Century • Conquests in Crete, Cyprus and Syria • Normans took southern Italy and Sicily from the Arabs • The Crusaders went to Jerusalem and Palestine • Jerusalem fell in 1099 • Christian conquests in Andalusia • The spread of the Islamic religion has stopped • Christianity spread among the pagan peoples of Northern
    [Show full text]
  • Worlds Apart: Bosnian Lessons for Global Security
    Worlds Apart Swanee Hunt Worlds Apart Bosnian Lessons for GLoBaL security Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Charis by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. To my partners c harLes ansBacher: “Of course you can.” and VaLerie GiLLen: “Of course we can.” and Mirsad JaceVic: “Of course you must.” Contents Author’s Note xi Map of Yugoslavia xii Prologue xiii Acknowledgments xix Context xxi Part i: War Section 1: Officialdom 3 1. insiDe: “Esteemed Mr. Carrington” 3 2. outsiDe: A Convenient Euphemism 4 3. insiDe: Angels and Animals 8 4. outsiDe: Carter and Conscience 10 5. insiDe: “If I Left, Everyone Would Flee” 12 6. outsiDe: None of Our Business 15 7. insiDe: Silajdžić 17 8. outsiDe: Unintended Consequences 18 9. insiDe: The Bread Factory 19 10. outsiDe: Elegant Tables 21 Section 2: Victims or Agents? 24 11. insiDe: The Unspeakable 24 12. outsiDe: The Politics of Rape 26 13. insiDe: An Unlikely Soldier 28 14. outsiDe: Happy Fourth of July 30 15. insiDe: Women on the Side 33 16. outsiDe: Contact Sport 35 Section 3: Deadly Stereotypes 37 17. insiDe: An Artificial War 37 18. outsiDe: Clashes 38 19. insiDe: Crossing the Fault Line 39 20. outsiDe: “The Truth about Goražde” 41 21. insiDe: Loyal 43 22. outsiDe: Pentagon Sympathies 46 23. insiDe: Family Friends 48 24. outsiDe: Extremists 50 Section 4: Fissures and Connections 55 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongol Aristocrats and Beyliks in Anatolia
    MONGOL ARISTOCRATS AND BEYLIKS IN ANATOLIA. A STUDY OF ASTARĀBĀDĪ’S BAZM VA RAZM* Jürgen Paul Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Abstract This paper is about beyliks – political entities that include at least one town (or a major fortress or both), its agricultural hinterland and a (large) amounts of pasture. It is also about Mongols in Anatolia in the beylik period (in particular the second half of the 14th century) and their leading families some of whom are presented in detail. The paper argues that the Eretna sultanate, the Mongol successor state in Anatolia, underwent a drawn-out fission process which resulted in a number of beyliks. Out of this number, at least one beylik had Mongol leaders. Besides, the paper argues that Mongols and their leading families were much more important in this period than had earlier been assumed. arge parts of Anatolia came under Mongol rule earlier than western Iran. The Mongols had won a resounding victory over the Rum L Seljuqs at Köse Dağ in 1243, and Mongols then started occupying winter and summer pastures in Central and Eastern Anatolia, pushing the Turks and Türkmens to the West and towards the coastal mountain ranges. Later, Mongol Anatolia became part of the Ilkhanate, and this province was one of the focal points of Ilkhanid politics and intrigues.1 The first troops, allegedly three tümens, had already been dispatched to Anatolia by ———— * Research for this paper was conducted in the framework of Sonderforschungsbereich 586 (“Differenz und Integration”, see www.nomadsed.de), hosted by the universities at Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig and funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
    [Show full text]
  • How Was the Traditional Makam Theory Westernized for the Sake of Modernization?
    Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi, 2018, 6 (1): 1769-1787 Original research https://doi.org/10.12975/pp1769-1787 Özgün araştırma How was the traditional makam theory westernized for the sake of modernization? Okan Murat Öztürk Ankara Music and Fine Arts University, Department of Musicology, Ankara, Turkey [email protected] Abstract In this article, the transformative interventions of those who want to modernize the tradition- al makam theory in Westernization process experienced in Turkey are discussed in historical and critical context. The makam is among the most basic concepts of Turkish music as well as the Eastern music. In order to analyze the issue correctly in conceptual framework, here, two basic ‘music theory approaches' have been distinguished in terms of the musical elements they are based on: (i.) ‘scale-oriented’ and, (ii.) ‘melody-oriented’. The first typically represents the conception of Western harmonic tonality, while the second also represents the traditional Turkish makam conception before the Westernization period. This period is dealt with in three phases: (i.) the traditional makam concept before the ‘modernization’, (ii.) transformative interventions in the modernization phase, (iii.) recent new and critical approaches. As makam theory was used once in the history of Turkey, to convey a traditional heritage, it had a peculi- ar way of practice and education in its own cultural frame. It is determined that three different theoretical models based on mathematics, philosophy or composition had been used to explain the makams. In the 19th century, Turkish modernization was resulted in a stage in which a desire to ‘resemble to the West’ began to emerge.
    [Show full text]
  • Cem Sultan'a Dair Beş Orijinal Vesika
    CEM SULTAN'A DAIR BE~~ ORIJINAL VESIKA Ord. Prof. ~. HAKKI UZUNÇAR~ILI CEM SULTAN HAKKINDA KISA MAUJMAT Tarihlerde görüldü~ü üzere Fatih Sultan Mehmed, 886 H. 1481 M. de vefat etti~i zaman büyü~ü Amasya valisi Bayezid, kü- çü~ü Konya valisi Cem olmak üzere iki erkek evlad~~ kalm~~t~. Bu tarihte Bayezid ekseriyetle kabul olundu~u üzere otuz dört ve Cem Sultan ise yirmi iki ya~lar~ nda idiler. Bayezid, kap~ kulu oca~~n~n istemesiyle hükümdar oldu ve hükümdarl~~~~ elde etmek için gelen Cem Bursa'y~~ i~gal etti ise de ma~lüp olarak M~s~ r'a kaçt~ ; oradan hacca gitti. Kahire'ye avdetinde Karamano~lu Kas~ m ve Ankara Beyi Mehmed Beylerin tekrar tekrar kendisini istemeleri üzerine Memlük Sultan~~ Kaytbay'~ n ve bir k~s~ m ümeras~n~ n gitmemesi hakk~ ndaki tavsiyelerine ra~men Anadolu'ya geçti ve bu defa da muvaffak olam~yarak Rumeli taraf~ na geçmek arzusiyle Rodos ~öval- yelerinin yan~ na gitti (887 H.-1482 M.). ~övalyeler türlü desiselerle Cem'i Rumeli taraf~ na geçirmiyerek bir müddet yanlar~ nda al~koyup, II. Bayezid'le anla~t~ ktan ve Hüseyin Bey vas~tasiyle bir muahede imzalad~ ktan sonra Fransa'ya götürdüler ve uzun müddet kendisini duka ve k~ral~ n ellerinden alma- lar~ ndan korkarak ~ehirden ~ehire ve kaleden kaleye s~ k~~ muhafaza alt~nda dola~t~ rd~lar. Sultan Bayezid, karde~inin muhafazas~~ için H üseyin Bey vas~ tasiyle ~övalyelere senede k~ rk bin Filori vermeyi kabul etmi~ti. Nihayet Fransa k~ rah VIII. ~arl ile Papa anla~arak Cem'in Papa yan~ nda bulunmas~ na karar verildi~inden Cem Sultan Fransa topraklar~ ndan al~ narak Italya'ya götürüldü ve ~ o Rebiulevvel 894 ve 13 Mart 1489'da merasimle Roma' ya getirildi.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
    Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
    The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • US Risks Further Clashes As Syrian Boot Print Broadens News & Analysis
    May 28, 2017 9 News & Analysis Syria US risks further clashes as Syrian boot print broadens Simon Speakman Cordall Tunis ondemnation, criticism and, inevitably, escalation have quickly followed a US air strike against an appar- ently Iranian-backed mili- Ctia convoy near Syria’s border with Jordan and Iraq. The clash has, at least, provided analysts with some indication of American aspirations in Syria and, as the United States increases its military commitment in the area, some indication of the risks it runs of banging heads with other interna- tional actors active on Syria’s battle- scarred ground. Fars reported, “thousands of Hezbollah troops were sent to al-Tanf passageway at Iraq- Syria bordering areas.” US commanders said the convoy of Iranian-supported militia ignored numerous calls for it to halt as it Not without risks. A US-backed Syrian fighter stands on a vehicle with heavy automatic machine gun (L) next to an American soldier moved towards coalition positions who stands on an armoured vehicle at the Syrian-Iraqi crossing border point of al-Tanf. (AP) at al-Tanf, justifying the strike that destroyed a number of vehicles and killed several militiamen. agency, referred to a British, Jorda- is the military is much more likely tion to the “several hundred” special the US decision to directly arm the However, for Iran and its allies in nian and US plot to create a buffer to improvise and this decision to hit operations troops present near ISIS’s Kurds and to conduct the air strike Moscow and Damascus, the strike zone in the area, like that at the Go- the regime may have been taken at de facto capital of Raqqa, gathering against Hezbollah forces threatening marked an aerial “aggression” by lan Heights and leading ultimately to the lower levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Normalisation of Islam in Bulgaria and the Role of Intellectuals
    Islam on Тrial: Normalisation of Islam in Bulgaria and the role of intellectuals by Madlen Ivanova Nikolova Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisors: Professor Alexandra Kowalski Professor Jean-Louis Fabiani CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2016 Abstract The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the symbolic violence intellectuals exert in constructing politically effective representations of Islam in Bulgaria. This is done through the close investigation of expert witnesses’ discourse in a recent trial against thirteen Muslims from Bulgaria, who were accused and convicted of propagating a “foreign” and “political-ideological” Islam against the “democratic-liberal order.” The expert witnesses opposed this “political” and “foreign” Islam to “traditional” and “everyday” Islam. I argue that this discursive strategy could be read as normalisation in Foucauldian terms. In contrast to Foucault’s understanding of normalisation and the role of psychiatric expertise within the juridical field, what is normalised in the case of the trial I studied are not individual pathologies, but forms of (“everyday”) Islam that are compatible with the current post-political liberal regime. I also consider intellectuals’ conflicting relationships to the trial by taking into account their positioning within the field of power. CEU eTD Collection I Acknowledgements I would like to extend my gratitude to Professor Alexandra Kowalski for the thought- provoking conversations, constructive critique and support throughout the year. Professor Jean-Louis Fabiani’s classes helped me develop a more nuanced account of the dynamics within the academic field.
    [Show full text]
  • "Turkish Five": Their Contributions to Contemporary Piano Music
    US-China Education Review, ISSN 1548-6613 March 2011, Vol. 8, No. 3, 354-369 “Turkish Five”: Their Contributions to Contemporary Piano Music and Piano Education in Turkey Şirin Akbulut Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey First musicians using polyphony and homophony in their compositions can be seen during the 19th century in Turkey. These talented amateur composers, who worked in simple forms, such as marches or educational music, were not actually professional composers but either orchestral or choral directors. Later, during the Republic period (after 1923), “Turkish Five” emerged. “Turkish Five” consisted of professional composers who were educated in Europe and learned western musical forms. These musicians, according to their birth years, are Cemal Reşit Rey (1904-1985), Hasan Ferit Alnar (1906-1978), Ulvi Cemal Erkin (1906-1972), Ahmet Adnan Saygun (1907-1991) and Necil Kazım Akses (1908-1999). “Turkish Five” achieved important accomplishments and did significant contributions to Turkish contemporary music in 30-40 years with their efforts. While doing this, they used over 500-year old musical legacy of the West. At the beginning, these musicians used Turkish folk tunes and their rhythmic and modal system, however, later, they began to use “impressionism”, “neo-classicism” and finally “atonalism” in their music. In the current study, the contributions of “Turkish Five” to contemporary Turkish piano music and their approaches to piano education were examined via literature review. After an extensive research with the literature on the topic, the researcher has interviewed with six piano teachers from different music institutions in Turkey (including two schools of fine arts, two conservatories and two music teacher training schools).
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue: May #2
    CATALOGUE: MAY #2 MOSTLY OTTOMAN EMPIRE, THE BALKANS, ARMENIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST - Books, Maps & Atlases 19th & 20th Centuries www.pahor.de 1. COSTUMES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE A small, well made drawing represents six costumes of the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. The numeration in the lower part indicates, that the drawing was perhaps made to accompany a Anon. [Probably European artist]. text. S.l., s.d. [Probably mid 19th century] Pencil and watercolour on paper (9,5 x 16,5 cm / 3.7 x 6.5 inches), with edges mounted on 220 EUR later thick paper (28 x 37,5 cm / 11 x 14,8 inches) with a hand-drawn margins (very good, minor foxing and staining). 2. GREECE Anon. [Probably a British traveller]. A well made drawing represents a Greek house, indicated with a title as a house between the port city Piraeus and nearby Athens, with men in local costumes and a man and two young girls in House Between Piraeus and Athens. central or west European clothing. S.l., s.d. [Probably mid 19th century]. The drawing was perhaps made by one of the British travellers, who more frequently visited Black ink on thick paper, image: 17 x 28 cm (6.7 x 11 inches), sheet: 27 x 38,5 cm (10.6 x 15.2 Greece in the period after Britain helped the country with its independence. inches), (minor staining in margins, otherwise in a good condition). 160 EUR 3. OTTOMAN GEOLOGICAL MAP OF TURKEY: Historical Context: The Rise of Turkey out of the Ottoman Ashes Damat KENAN & Ahmet Malik SAYAR (1892 - 1965).
    [Show full text]