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Copyright by Shannon Guillot-Wright 2018 Copyright by Shannon Guillot-Wright 2018 The Dissertation Committee for Shannon Guillot-Wright Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Casting Aside Bent Bodies: Embodied Violence as an Everyday Experience for Filipino Migrant Seafarers Committee: Arlene Macdonald, PhD, Supervisor and Chair Rebecca Hester, PhD, Mentor and Co-Chair Jerome Crowder, PhD Premal Patel, MD William Terry, PhD _______________________________ David W. Niesel, PhD Dean, Graduate School Casting Aside Bent Bodies: Embodied Violence as an Everyday Experience for Filipino Migrant Seafarers by Shannon Guillot-Wright, MA Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas Medical Branch in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Medical Humanities The University of Texas Medical Branch November, 2018 Dedication “In the book there will be no dedication (for I can’t give you what has been yours from the beginning) but instead: From the property of…” –Rainer Marie Rilke, Duino Elegies From the property of: The men and women who live and work at sea Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Institute for the Medical Humanities and the Center to Eliminate Health Disparities for financial and intellectual support in the form of assistantships, scholarships, and fellowships. I am also thankful to the Harry Huntt Ransom Dissertation Fellowship Award in the Medical Humanities and the Chester R. Burns Institute for the Medical Humanities Alumni Award for helping to make this research richer, and to the John P. McGovern Academy of Oslerian Medicine for making the photovoice project and gallery showing possible. I could not have started or completed this work without the support of seafaring organizations and the seafarers who shared their stories with me, including the International Maritime Health community, which encouraged me to present and publish an early version of Chapter 1. Rebecca Hester, Arlene Macdonald, Jason Glenn, Jerome Crowder, Premal Patel, William Terry, and Jeff Temple have been the supervisors and mentors that every doctoral student hopes they find. Rebecca Hester introduced me to the theoretical concepts that drove this research and never let me off with an easy answer. Arlene Macdonald was a constant source of positivity, while always forcing me to ask difficult questions of my research and myself. I could not have asked for more dedicated co-chairs. All my committee members influenced this research and provided constant feedback and guidance. Jason Glenn encouraged me to account for history and to imagine a different universe, Jerome Crowder pushed me to use photography as activism, and Premal Patel taught me that human rights advocacy is possible within an academic medical institution. I am grateful to William Terry for taking a chance on a graduate student he had never met. His work has greatly influenced how I think through the current experiences of migrant seafarers. Jeff Temple has been an incredible mentor in grantsmanship and navigating academia as well as helping me consider how intrapersonal and interpersonal violence is married to, not divorced from, structural and symbolic violence. vi I am also fortunate to have had great mentors during my bachelors and masters programs. In undergrad, my first course with Marty Michelson changed my life’s direction, and I am still trying to live out the mission he infused with such great passion: to act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly. Linda Wilcox introduced me to social research and taught me how to be an academic and an activist. Randall Balmer, my thesis advisor at Columbia, taught me how to use my past for research instead of running from it. Ben Raimer, Christine Kovic, Hani Serag, Wein-Chen (Miso) Lee, Brenda Wilson, Dwayne Jones, Matt Dasco, and Karen Parsons have helped with research questions, provided support, and encouraged me on this journey. I am better for having met you and worked with all of you. And of course, my family. Aunts, uncles, cousins, Alicia, Ed, Eddie, Nana, and Papa – I really am glad we are related and love you all, even if I have not called or seen you much the past six years. To my Mom and Dad: there are no words and too many words. Mom, you kept me laughing my entire life with practical jokes and your amazing sense of humor. I have always admired the ease at which you can love those around you even when you disagree with them. Your sense of style, your laughter, your intelligence, and your love makes the world a better place. Dad, your love of books and learning gave me my intellectual foundation. You never let me off easy, with theoretical questions or getting home late from a boyfriends house, and I am forever grateful. I will always be guided by what you told me when I sat crying at the kitchen table in the ninth grade, wondering why the world cared more about Princess Diana’s death than Mother Teresa’s: “Because that’s the way the world is, but we have to keep doing good even when no one notices.” Michael, my brother. You taught me everything I ever needed to know – good music, good food, good beer, and good books. You are in and through every page of this dissertation, from Foucault to Rilke. Thank you for being not only my big brother, but also my best friend. The fierce, strong, independent, intelligent, and beautiful women in my life who have been there though it all – Amanda Cross, Lacy Davis, Adriana Zuniga Banks, Jessica vii Campbell-Swanson, Molly Gill, and Julia Mendoza – you have given me superpowers. Kerry Graham, Deanna Lavery, and Annie Lipstein Calderone – thank you for teaching me that advocacy must continue, no matter how fraught. My Galveston people – Ann Wood, Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza, Denise Alexander, and Katey Schumann – thank you for keeping me laughing, in style, and sane. This brings us to Will, my rock-star, chef, creator of all things beautiful, hilarious, and kind husband. I know I do not make life easy, but what would the fun in that be? Your view of the world is incredibly unique and I am glad I get to see the world through your eyes. Last, but never least, my sweet, kind, nice, funny, spirited, smart, good-lookin’, sassy, shake your booty rock & roll star – Deano. You have brought a joy to my life that I did not know was possible. Your love has helped me understand just how much seafarers really do sacrifice for their families, yet I know that I would do as they do – whatever it takes. Thank you for loving me, kiddo, even with all my failures. viii Casting Aside Bent Bodies: Embodied Violence as an Everyday Experience for Filipino Migrant Seafarers Shannon Guillot-Wright, Ph.D. Candidate, Medical Humanities The University of Texas Medical Branch, 2018 Supervisors: Rebecca Hester and Arlene Macdonald Abstract This research traces the intersections of migrant citizenship and political economic practices in regards to the health worlds of Filipino migrant seafarers as one potential way to understand how structural and symbolic violence is embodied. Through structural violence, seafarers are held responsible for their health and well-being and through symbolic violence, they become complicit in the systems that oppress them. Using a critical medical humanities approach, I question the historical, social, economic, and political production of injury, illness, and death to understand why seafarers do not have de facto access to their de jure health rights. The work comes out of a one-year photo-ethnography with Filipino migrant seafarers who live and work on a vessel that docks between a Gulf of Honduras port and Gulf of Mexico port. My site of study was the vessel, which flies a flag of convenience, travels in international waters, and has an all-Filipino crew. I focused my research on the history of colonialism, political economic shifts in the recognition and regulation of international and national policy, and the everyday practices of seafarers. Health prevention was analyzed through the discourse of power distribution instead of risk and disease. I posit that the health inequities that follow precarious employment for seafarers are produced through the discourse of economic and social policies that are inscribed onto the body and conclude with new paths for this research within nonacademic and academic settings. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................xii List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................xiv CASTING ASIDE BENT BODIES: EMBODIED VIOLENCE AS AN EVERDAY EXPERIENCE FOR FILIPINO MIGRANT SEAFARERS ........................................................................1 Chapter 1: Introduction ..............................................................................................1 Labor and Health........................................................................................................1 Precarious Employment as a Social Determinant of Health ......................................5 Neoliberal Globalization ............................................................................................13 International and U.S. Maritime Policy .....................................................................17 History of the Philippine Labor Export Program .......................................................24 Structure of the Dissertation ......................................................................................27
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