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Low Level Projects from Boots to Device Drivers: Secrets of MS-DOS

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$3.00 December-January 1987 Low Level Projects From Boots To Device Drivers: Secrets Of MS-DOS . ...... 6 A clean, in-depth look at making MS-DOS work for you. Debugging A Disk .................................... 12 This companion to "Secrets of MS-DOS" uses DEBUG to poke around in MS-DOS. Professionalize Your Programs Using Turbo Pascal's Built-in System Procedures . ............. 16 Turbo Pascal gives you assembly language style access to MS-DOS interrupts. Controlling The Real World With Your PC: Intro To Electronics Step 2 ............................. 22 This is the second part of Bruce's fine series. A great hardware primer. PD-32: Messages From The Board . ..................... 28 The Public Domain 32000 system is hot. The latest developments. Selecting Subsets From Sets: N The Formula For Combinations In Prolog . .............. 34 ,., Real-life solutions to. real-life problems. 00 00 r<"I Introduction To Fractals-. .............................. 36 0-.- 0 If you haven't watched a fractal eat its way across I'- ~ your screen, you've missed something. ~ I'- 0 - '/r -. " "~ ,~ Borland's Turbo Lightning FREE , '~ ,: -:' .', .,\;;; : ....,. - ---;:::.:;::::' :-, ~ '<.":~.; ;:~. ::: .' .... ;<; .; ... :~: ~:::. ,-, ;~ Extra~wide,easy~to­ '......... ,CiiPSr;N¥~'agd . •... ~., ~e~~r~te·t' find Rf!tum key..... ' .. ' ..• . Scroll.Lock '. ,dedicated . IBM changed Sizes' . indicator lights;. NiiineiiCPad again by shrinking their ..... .. IBM has no lights with enlargeq /' Return key. --....----..; . orfthelr xr. '. £nre; key,foilr •Arithmetic -....;.....;..-.- Function keys . Switch­ selectable . compatibility ... with IBM, PC; XT, AT,' PCjr, AT&T and all .' compatibles. IBM's new Enhanced Keyboard runs only on their newXTs,ATs and ignores their installed base which . probably in­ c/iJdes you . .......---..:..... Switch allows you ---- . to swap position of Ctrl and Caps lock. DESK'S IBM moved Ctrl to bottom row, you have nochoicet 101 ENHANCED KEYBOARD for the 10 million PC users IBM just ignored! IBM just announced their new The Turbo-101 Is the best data entry tool Up to now, DataDesk International may be one of redesigned "standard" keyboard for per­ since the pencil! the best kept secrets, but here's what's being said sonal computers. There's only one problem: For users of spreadsheets like 1-2-3, the about our first end-user Keyboard/Borland it won't work on your IBM computer if it Turbo-101's separate cursor controls and software bundle: was purchased priortoJune 19860ron any numeric keypad makes entering numeric "Wbo Can Pass up a Deal? "It's a good keyboard. Good PC compatible purchased at any time! data into cells and moving from cell to cell Department. Talk about an feel: tbe keys have tactile aggressive product!" feedback. No musb at all. Not to worry. Our new Turbo-101 Enhanced as natural as moving your fingers. And for Jobn C. Dvorak, This is about as good a key­ InfoWorld Mar 86 board deal as you're likely Keyboard gives you the layout and en­ word-processing, the 'Selectric' typewriter layout makes the Turbo-101as easy to "It solves all oftbe problems toflnd... 1 bave absolutely no hancements of the IBM with some logical exblblted by tbelr regular besltatlon In recommend­ improvements (see above photo). And it use as a pencil; and with the extra large \ PC/XT keyboard... It's a Ing tbe Model PC8700." Enter, Shift & Control Keys, you'll make so great bargain!" Jerry Pournellf:. works on your existing PC, XT, AT, PCjr, Byte Magazine Sept. 86 few mistakes, you won't even need an PC Productivity Digest AT&T, Epson and virtually all compatibles! May 86 "This keyboard Is neat to eraser! "DataDesk Inti. bas designed type on and feels solid. It Get Borland's Turbo Lightning ™ a sturdy and bandsome key­ bas tactilefeedback keys... 1 For FREE! board tbat bas tactile re­ can type m~chfaster on It." SPECIAL OFFER! sponse... is tbe bardware Test Drive Scorecard: DataDesk-l0 Key Tronlcs-9 To really turbocharge / $149.95* FOR BOTH bargain oftbe year" says ONLY Cbarles Humble, Oregonian Teleconnect Magazine your productivity, we are·/ .. .' May 86 I KEYBOARD & SOFTWARE Jan 86 including, tree-ot-charge, ~. .. ." Includes 30-day money back guarantee and 2 year full warranty. B?rlan.d's red-hot 7i.. ... ' .i.;"'.. .•.:.H.: ....., .•. Llghtnmg sottware ur~owith .' / ·····r:~ To prove that we don't ignore you each keyboard. Now, or your pocketbook, you get our when using SideKick, WordPerfect, Micro­ Turbo-101 Enhanced Keyboard and soft Word, 1-2-3 or most popular programs, Borland's Turbo Lightning for an our Turbo-101 Keyboard will check your astounding $149.95.* No, you didn't spelling as you type, gives you instant read it wrong. During this amazing access to Random House's 80,000-word Introductory Offer you get both Concise Dictionary and 60,000-word keyboard and software for Jess Thesaurus and much, much more! than most software programs ; "Lightning's good enough to make by themselvesl Now, if you're programmers and 'users cheer, executives still feeling ignored, you can ofother software companies weep," says always do what you-know-who Jim Seymour of PC Week. Sold separately, fThrbo Lightning retails for '99.951 wants you to do, ..and buy a new computer to get their keyboard! credit card orders call (800) 826-5398 in CA ca/l INTERNATIONAL (800) 592-9602 7650 Haskell Avenue 'Price does not include adaptor Van Nuys, California 91406 (818) 780-1673 cables required by certain compat· ibles • A limited offer-price subject Turbo-l0l is a trademark of DataDesk International. Turbo Lightning is a to change without notification. trademark of Borland International. IBM and IBM AT are registered trade­ marks of International Business Machines, Inc. NEW, improved Turbo • Separate Compilation Pascal to ModuIa-2 • Native Code Generation Translator! • Large Memory Model Support • Multitasking Call for information about our VAX/VMS III Powerful DebuggingTools version, Site License, University Discounts, Dealer & Distributor pricing. • Comprehensive Module To place an order call our special Library toll free number: • Available for the PC 800-231-7717 and the VAX In California: Move up to LOGITECH MODULA-2/86 800-552-8885 MODULA-2/86. Whether you're a single programmer or part of a team, RUN TIME DEBUGGER 1.:--------, I want to move up to (Source level!) with LOGITECH MODULA-2/86 you'll YES LOG ITECH MODULA-2!86! decrease your overall development cycle The ultimate professional's tool! Display and produce more reliable, more main­ source code, data, procedure call chain and Here's the configuration I'd like: tainable code. Build your program using our raw memory. Set break points, assign values D Logitech Modula-2!86 S89 extensive library modules, your own to variables, pinpoint bugs in your source. D with 8087 support S129 modules or those from a growing list of D Plus Package S189 available third-party software vendors. If UTILITIES PACKAGE 549 D Turbo to Modula Translator S49 you're a Turbo Pascal user you can even Features a post-mortem debugger (PMD). D Run Time Debugger S69 take your existing code along with you with If your program crashes at run time the D Utilities Package S49 the help of our new Translator! PMD freezes the situation so you can pin­ D Library Sources S99 point, in the source, the cause of the error D Window Package S49 NEW & IMPROVED! and the status of the data. Also includes a D Make Utility S29 Turbo Pascal to disassembler, cross reference utility and ver­ D ROM Package S199 Modula-2 Translator sion that allows conditional compilation. Total Enclosed $, ____ Now it's even easier for Turbo users to step o Visa 0 Mastercard 0 Check Enclosed up to Modula-2/86. Our improved Trans­ LIBRARY SOURCES lator changes your Turbo source code into Source code for our major library modules Card Numher Expiration Date Modula-2/86 source, solving all the incom­ is now available for customization or exem­ patibilities, and translating the function plification. Signature calls of Turbo into Modula-2/86 procedures. Implements the complete Turbo library! WINDOW PACKAGE Name Now you can build true windowing into Address LOGITECH MODULA-2/86 589 your Modula-2 code. Powerful, though only Complete with Editor, Run Time System, 15K in size. Features virtual screens, color City. State Linker, 8087 Software Emulation, Binary support, overlapping windows and a variety Coded Decimal (BCD) Module, Logitech's of borders. Zip Phone comprehensive lihrary, Utility to generate standard .EXE files. AND more! MAKE UTILITY 829 • LOGITECH MODULA-2/86 . Automatically selects modules affected by ~ LOGITECH with 8087 Support 5129 code changes to minimize recompilation Logitech. Inc. • LOGITECH MODULA 2/86 PLUS 5189 and relinking. Even figures out dependen­ 805 Veterans Blvd. For machines with 512K of RAM. Takes Redwood City. CA 94063 cies for you! Telephone 415-365-9852 advantage of larger memory to increase For European pricing please colltact: compilation speed by 50%. CROSS RUN TIME DEBUGGER Logitech SA Box 32. CH-1l43 AND ROM PACKAGE 5199 Turbo Pascal is a registered trademark of Borland Apples. Switzerland International. Now available at an introductory price! L ________Telephone 41-21-774545 ---1I AROUND THE BEND High Places Up In The Air I just got back from a quick trip to Florida, and the part I liked best was the plane ride. It wasn't the scenery - Sure, all those mountains, rivers, and deserts are fascinating and I haven't gotten tired of the plains with its checkerboard of 80-acre fields and 6-acre towns. I always ask for a window seat so I can make nose impressions on the plexiglass. It was dusk as we departed Chicago so I watched as small towns were swallowed up in the deepening twilight. Soon, however, they reappeared below us, twinkling like reflected stars.
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