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$3.00 August-September 1986 Practical Projects New PC Speedup_With RAM Resident Switch ............ 6 A cheaper, fancier, two-speed clock that you control from the keyboard. Practical Programming In Modula-2 .................... 12 A window lover's dream, right down to the last frame. Unblinking The PC's Blinkin'· Cursor .................. 22 Tired of that irritating fl.ashing cursor? Here's the fix. Game Theory Models in PROLOG and C ................ 24 A modeling system that ties Turbo PROLOG together with Microsoµ C. Serial Communications Program For CPlM & MS-DOS ... 30 Tying two aliens .together with Turbo pascal. Eight Booleans In A Byte ............................... 58 A bit pickers special feature. co 0 "" Hard Drives: The Service Perspective ................... 62 00 00 Which manufacturers support the purchaser? Which don't? l"t") ""'"°' 0 Purchasing Ahd Installing A Hard Drive ................ 66 ...;t "'"...;t Join us for a quick read between the tracks . "'" 0 SWp-by-srep tutorial, demo programs with source code included! Turbo Prolog 1.0 Tuchn:lcal 8pecit1cations Borland introduces .Turbo Prolog, Progimnming B,yst,em Features l!'.J' Complier: Increment.Ill compiler gen­ era.ting native In-line cOOe and llnkB.ble ~ mOOules. The llnklng format 18 the natural language of compB.tlble W1th the FC-DOO linker. I.8rge memocym<Xiel support. O:lmplles over:?BX) lines per mJnute on a standard IBM ro. l!'.J' Int.erscttve .Edit.or: The EzyBtem Artificial Intelligence. Includes a piwerful Interactive full-ooreen text editor. If the compiler detectB an error, the editor autJ:Jmatlcalt' J;XE1tloilB the curoor awroPrls.tely In the oouroo oocle. Al run-time, 'I\Jroo Prolq! prc:erama can call Pro1og is probably the most the editor, and view the l'Uilillilg ~·a oouroo c00e. powerful compurer progra.mming l!'.J' '.l)p9 B;yst,em: A tlex!ble oQJect,orlent.00 language ever conceived, which is ~ a,ystem 18 supported. l!'.J' W.lndow1ng Support: The EzyBtem wbywe've made it our second supports OOth graphlc and text w1rulowB. language-and "turbocharged" it to l!'.J' Input/Output: Full 1/0 facJl1tles, Including fomiatted 1/0, streams, and creare Turbo Prolog:· random accees tlles. l!'.J' Numsrie Ranges: Integel'B: -'SZ'lf!7 to Our new Turbo Prolog brings 'SZlf!l; Reals: lE-307 to lE+:nl supercompurer power to your IBM® l!'.J' Debugging: O:lmplete bulltrln trace de­ bugging CB.IRbllltJes e.llow1ng Blng!e PC and introduces you srep-by-srep to stepping of pr®a.IDa the fascinating newworld of Artificial Inrelligence. And does all this for an ,........... , astounding $99.95. I YES I !~a~~st I Turbo Pascal the wey you I • I Pascal ~ Turbo Prolog is to Even ifyou've never could compare Turbo to I Turbo Prolog at only: I machine language. ~ Prolog wha.t Turbo programmed. before, Pasca.J.8 is to Pa.sca.1! our free tutorial will You get the complew I I Our Turbo Parea.l astDn1Bhed get you st;arted. right BWBJT Turbo Prolog $99.95 1 . everyone who thought of ParoaJ. programming I To order by phone, You'll get started rlght awa;f sysrem ·. I or for a dealer nearest you, 1 as ''.Just another language:' We because we have included a for on{v $99.95 changed all that-and now Turbo complete step-by-Btep tutorial as I Ca// (800) 255-8008 I You get a complete Turbo I in CA call (800) 742-1133. 1 Pascal 1B the de facto worldwide part of the 200-page Turbo Prolog Prolog development system I Serd me_ Turbo Prolog at $ -- 1 standard, With hundreds of Fieference Manual Our tutorial including: thousands of enthus1asl:B w1ll take you by the hand and 1 Outside USA add $10 per copy I 0 • The lightning-fast Turbo Prolog I CA aro M4 res. fl1d applicable sales tax $ __ I ~· · T, · "',' and users in reach you everything you're l!kely incremental compiler and the I ,J un1versities I Amount enclosed: $ __ I fa*!f;.j to need to know about Turbo inreracttve Turbo Prolog editor. I This price includes shipping to all US cities I Prolog and a.rtlftclal intelligence. • The 200-page reference .::,:',f)• (1 I Payment: VISA MC Bank Draft Check I = ' For example: once you've manual which includes the step­ :: I\: ; · >! schools, completed the tutorial, you'll be by-Btep Turbo Prolog tutor1a.1. I Credit card expiration date: __J_ I and With pro­ able to deslgn your own expert • The free GeoBaseTM natural I Card# I I I I I I I I I fessional program­ systems ut111z1ng Turbo Prolog's query language database I 11111111 I .. mers, students, powerful problem-soMng including commented source I b'7fs"%5tJ ~~r:'. !~Mor troe CO"f)atible nming I and hobbylstB. capablllties. code on dlsk-rearlyto compile. I My COlrJ)uter's name and rooclel is: I You can expect at least the Think of Turbo Prolog as a GeoBase 1s a complete database same impact from Turbo Prolog, Wgh-speed electronic detective. desJgned and developed around • Thedisksizeluseis:D3W 05W because while Turbo Prolog 1s the First you feed it information and U.S. geography. It includes cities, 1 I most revolutionary and natural reach it rules. Then Prolog NOT COPY PROTECTED 'furoo mountains, rivers, and Wghweys, I *60-DAY MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE I programmlng language, it 1B also "thinks" the problem through and comes complete With na I Name: I a complete development enViron­ and comes up With all the query language. Use GeoBase ment-just like Turbo Pascal I Shipping Mdress: I_ reasonable answers-almost immediately "as is," or mocl.11Y it Turbo Prolog radically alters instantly. to fit your own inrerests. I I and dramatically improves the Ifyou think that this 1B So don't delay-don't waste a I City: I brave new world of a.rtlftclal amazing, youjUst need to second-get Turbo Prolog now. I State: lip: I intelligence-and inVires you into remember that Turbo Prolog 1s a $99.95 is an amaz1ngJy small I ·Telephone: I that fascinating untverse for a 5th-generation language-and price to pey to becbme an I ~?:mand~~~SAord;J/:'a~~!b%::t:: z I humanly intelligent $99.95. the kind of language that 21st immediate authoricy-an instant International Postal Money Order. I century computers w1ll use I *YES, if wilflin 60 days of purchase tflis product does expert on a.rtlftclal inrell.lgencel not perform in accordance w1/fl our claims, please call I routinely. In fact, you can The 21st century 1s only one I our customer service department and we will g/;rJ/y compare Turbo Prolog to I arrange arefurd. I phone call away. ••Minimum sys/em requirements: I I IBM PC. XT. AT. PCjr, ,: t I ~krutk~atibles '.:'., 1 4585 SCOTTS VAi.LEY DRIVE SUB ' SCOTTS VAi.LEY, C4 95066 I (408) 438-8400 TELEX 172313 DISK DRIVES 3.S" MMI HARD DISK ......... $249.9S -10 MEG -ST212/412 COMPATIBLE -SHOCK MOUNTED IN Yz HEIGHT SPECIAL OF THE MONTH 51/•" FRAME W/BEZEL PACKAGE DEAL - ABOVE HARD DISK AMP PGA ZIF SOCKET WITH OMTI IBM CONTROLLER CARD, ZERO INSERTION FORCE 5 MEGABYTES FOR YOUR CABLES AND FORMATIED READY TO PLUG PIN GRID ARRAY IN YOUR IBM OR COMPATIBLE JUST $399.00 IBM OR COMPATIBLE 121 PIN - $S.99 $249.95 14S PIN - $S.49 3.S"EPSON SMD 100 .......... $89.00 • SEAGATE ST506 HARD DISK -DOUBLE SIDED, 1 MB UNFORMATIED (Formatted for IBM) -HARDWARE COMPATIBLE WITH 5114'' • SMS OMTI CONTROLLER 96 TPI DRIVES •CABLES -WITHOUT FRONT PANEL 5114" ST506 HARD DISK ........ $79.9S -5MEG -FULL HEIGHT· -153 CYLINDER, 4 HEAD RCA CABLE S1/4" TEC FBS04 .............. $9S.OO SUNON 'COOLING FAN RG59, 75 OHM -96 TPI HALF HEIGHT 115 VAC MOLDED PLUGS -DOUBLE SIDED 4-5/8" x 1 Vz" 8 FEET -720 KB FORMATIED CAPACITY $4.99 $1.SO -QUIET! -RUNS ON IBM XT WITH J FORMAT SOFT· WARE (NOT SUPPLIED) IBM* COMPATIBLES 8" SHUGART SA801 R ........ $179.00 All of our IBM* Compatible Products were carefully tested and chosen for full compatibility. -FULL HEIGHT -SINGLE SIDED FLIP TOP CASE ................... $ 49.95 130 W POWER SUPPLY ............ $ 89.95 -600 KB FORMATIED CAPACITY 150 W POWER SUPPLY ............ $ 99.00 -BRAND NEW! NOT RECONDITIONED KEYBOARD DKM 2000 ............. $ 79.95 XEBEC S1410A DISK DRIVE MOTOR KEYBOARD KB 5151 (Enhanced) .... $ 99.00 640K XT* MOTHERBOARD (OK RAM) $129.95 HARD DISK CONTROLLER MOLON TM 8630-1 115 VAC BIOS ROM (SIDEKICK COMPATIBLE) $ 29.95 REQUIRES SASI HOST ADAPTOR MULTI 1/0 W/FDD CONT ......•.... $129.95 $149.9S 1800 RPM USE IN SHUGART 8" DRIVES COLOR GRAPHICS CARD .......... $ 99.95 MONOCHROME CARD ............ $119.95 $1.99 MULTIFUNCTION CARD ........... $129.95 FLOPPY CONTROLLER ............ $ 49.95 RELAY HARD DISK CONTROLLER ......... $175.00 12 voe INTERNAL 1200 BAUD MODEM ..... $199.00 SPOT 2MB RAM EXPANSION FOR XT* .... $199.00 5AMP 3MB MULTIFUNCTION CARD FOR 7Sc IBM AT* WITH OK RAM .......... $225.00 LAMBDA POWER SUPPLY CLOSEOUT EPROM PROGRAMMER (27xxx) ..... $129.95 LXS SERIES EGA CARD (IBM* COMPATIBLE) .... $295.00 + 12 voe@ 10.5 AMP ......... $29.95 TRANSFORMER *XT, AT AND IBM are Registered Trademarks of Inter­ + 5 voe @ 27.5 AMP .......... $34.95 18 VAC national Business Machines Corp. + 5 voe @ 9.o AMP .......... $24.95 .75 AMP soc ACCESSORIES HALTED. SPECIALTIES otters Parallel printer cable .............. $ 9.95 unique supermarket style shopping for Swivel monitor stand .............. $ 12.95 Y power cable for disk drive ......... $ 2.95 your electronic needs. We stock thous­ NEC V20 processor 5mhz. (8088) ..... $ 19.95 ands of parts, from the newest IC's to TRANSFORMER NEC V20 processor 8mhz.
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    1 Excel 2010: Where It Came From In This Chapter ● Exploring the history of spreadsheets ● Discussing Excel’s evolution ● Analyzing why Excel is a good tool for developers A Brief History of Spreadsheets Most people tend to take spreadsheet software for granted. In fact, it may be hard to fathom, but there really was a time when electronic spreadsheets weren’t available. Back then, people relied instead on clumsy mainframes or calculators and spent hours doing what now takes minutes. It all started with VisiCalc The world’s first electronic spreadsheet, VisiCalc, was conjured up by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston back in 1978, when personal computers were pretty much unheard of in the office environment. VisiCalc was written for the Apple II computer, which was an interesting little machine that is something of a toy by today’s standards. (But in its day, the Apple II kept me mesmerized for days at aCOPYRIGHTED time.) VisiCalc essentially laid theMATERIAL foundation for future spreadsheets, and you can still find its row-and-column-based layout and formula syntax in modern spread- sheet products. VisiCalc caught on quickly, and many forward-looking companies purchased the Apple II for the sole purpose of developing their budgets with VisiCalc. Consequently, VisiCalc is often credited for much of the Apple II’s initial success. In the meantime, another class of personal computers was evolving; these PCs ran the CP/M operating system. A company called Sorcim developed SuperCalc, which was a spreadsheet that also attracted a legion of followers. 11 005_475355-ch01.indd5_475355-ch01.indd 1111 33/31/10/31/10 77:30:30 PMPM 12 Part I: Some Essential Background When the IBM PC arrived on the scene in 1981, legitimizing personal computers, VisiCorp wasted no time porting VisiCalc to this new hardware environment, and Sorcim soon followed with a PC version of SuperCalc.
  • GIORDANO BRUNO Cause, Principle and Unity CAMBRIDGE TEXTS in the HISTORY of PHILOSOPHY

    GIORDANO BRUNO Cause, Principle and Unity CAMBRIDGE TEXTS in the HISTORY of PHILOSOPHY

    This page intentionally left blank CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY GIORDANO BRUNO Cause, Principle and Unity CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Series editors KARL AMERIKS Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame DESMOND M. CLARKE Professor of Philosophy at University College Cork The main objective of Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy is to expand the range, variety and quality of texts in the history of philosophy which are available in English. The series includes texts by familiar names (such as Descartes and Kant) and also by less well- known authors. Wherever possible, texts are published in complete and unabridged form, and translations are specially commissioned for the series. Each volume contains a critical introduction together with a guide to further reading and any necessary glossaries and textual apparatus. The volumes are designed for student use at undergraduate and post- graduate level and will be of interest not only to students of philosophy, but also to a wider audience of readers in the history of science, the history of theology and the history of ideas. For a list of titles published in the series, please see end of book. GIORDANO BRUNO Cause, Principle and Unity Duke University Essays on Magic . St Louis University University of Florence The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Cambridge University Press 2004 First published in printed format 1998 ISBN 0-511-03494-6 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-59359-X hardback ISBN 0-521-59658-0 paperback Contents Introductionpagevii Chronologyxxx Further readingxxxiv Note on the textsxxxvi Cause, principle and unity On magic A general account of bonding Index Introduction Giordano Bruno was born in Nola, near Naples, in .