Surface Weathering of Tuffs
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Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado by Peter W
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado By Peter W. Lipman Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2799 dacite Ceobolla Creek Tuff Nelson Mountain Tuff, rhyolite Rat Creek Tuff, dacite Cebolla Creek Tuff Rat Creek Tuff, rhyolite Wheeler Geologic Monument (Half Moon Pass quadrangle) provides exceptional exposures of three outflow tuff sheets erupted from the San Luis caldera complex. Lowest sheet is Rat Creek Tuff, which is nonwelded throughout but grades upward from light-tan rhyolite (~74% SiO2) into pale brown dacite (~66% SiO2) that contains sparse dark-brown andesitic scoria. Distinctive hornblende-rich middle Cebolla Creek Tuff contains basal surge beds, overlain by vitrophyre of uniform mafic dacite that becomes less welded upward. Uppermost Nelson Mountain Tuff consists of nonwelded to weakly welded, crystal-poor rhyolite, which grades upward to a densely welded caprock of crystal-rich dacite (~68% SiO2). White arrows show contacts between outflow units. 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Geologic setting . 1 Volcanism . 1 Structure . 2 Methods of study . 3 Description of map units . 4 Surficial deposits . 4 Glacial deposits . 4 Postcaldera volcanic rocks . 4 Hinsdale Formation . 4 Los Pinos Formation . 5 Oligocene volcanic rocks . 5 Rocks of the Creede Caldera cycle . 5 Creede Formation . 5 Fisher Dacite . 5 Snowshoe Mountain Tuff . 6 Rocks of the San Luis caldera complex . 7 Rocks of the Nelson Mountain caldera cycle . 7 Rocks of the Cebolla Creek caldera cycle . 9 Rocks of the Rat Creek caldera cycle . 10 Lava flows premonitory(?) to San Luis caldera complex . .11 Rocks of the South River caldera cycle . -
Characterization of Volcanic Deposits with Ground-Penetrating Radar
Bull Volcanol (1997) 58:515–527 Q Springer-Verlag 1997 ORIGINAL PAPER J. K. Russell 7 M. V. Stasiuk Characterization of volcanic deposits with ground-penetrating radar Received: 10 May 1996 / Accepted: 27 December 1996 Abstract Field-based studies of surficial volcanic de- Key words Ground-penetrating radar 7 Volcanic posits are commonly complicated by a combination of deposits 7 Stratigraphy 7 Dielectric constant 7 Radar poor exposure and rapid lateral variations controlled velocity 7 Pyroclastic flow 7 Airfall 7 Lava by unknown paleotopography. The potential of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as an aid to volcano- logical studies is shown using data collected from trav- erses over four well-exposed, Recent volcanic deposits Introduction in western Canada. The deposits comprise a pumice airfall deposit (3–4 m thick), a basalt lava flow (3–6 m Studies of surficial volcanic deposits are commonly lim- thick), a pyroclastic flow deposit (15 m thick), and an ited by incomplete exposure. Estimates of the physical internally stratified pumice talus deposit (60 m thick). properties, distributions, thicknesses, and internal Results show that GPR is effective in delineating major structures of the deposits are usually derived from stud- stratigraphic contacts and hence can be used to map ies on a few well-dissected outcrops. Ground-penetrat- unexposed deposits. Different volcanic deposits also ing radar (GPR) is a portable geophysical technique exhibit different radar stratigraphic character, suggest- which can provide ancillary information on the unex- ing that deposit type may be determined from radar posed parts of deposits, thereby facilitating many volca- images. In addition, large blocks within the pyroclastic nological studies. -
Act Cciii of 2011 on the Elections of Members Of
Strasbourg, 15 March 2012 CDL-REF(2012)003 Opinion No. 662 / 2012 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) ACT CCIII OF 2011 ON THE ELECTIONS OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OF HUNGARY This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-REF(2012)003 - 2 - The Parliament - relying on Hungary’s legislative traditions based on popular representation; - guaranteeing that in Hungary the source of public power shall be the people, which shall pri- marily exercise its power through its elected representatives in elections which shall ensure the free expression of the will of voters; - ensuring the right of voters to universal and equal suffrage as well as to direct and secret bal- lot; - considering that political parties shall contribute to creating and expressing the will of the peo- ple; - recognising that the nationalities living in Hungary shall be constituent parts of the State and shall have the right ensured by the Fundamental Law to take part in the work of Parliament; - guaranteeing furthermore that Hungarian citizens living beyond the borders of Hungary shall be a part of the political community; in order to enforce the Fundamental Law, pursuant to Article XXIII, Subsections (1), (4) and (6), and to Article 2, Subsections (1) and (2) of the Fundamental Law, hereby passes the following Act on the substantive rules for the elections of Hungary’s Members of Parliament: 1. Interpretive provisions Section 1 For the purposes of this Act: Residence: the residence defined by the Act on the Registration of the Personal Data and Resi- dence of Citizens; in the case of citizens without residence, their current addresses. -
Hungary's National Energy Efficiency Action Plan Until 2020
Hungary’s National Energy Efficiency Action Plan until 2020 Mandatory reporting under Article 24(2) of Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy efficiency August 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... 4 1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................... 5 1.1 Hungary’s economic situation, influencing factors ..................................................... 6 1.2. Energy policy ............................................................................................................... 9 2. OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY TARGETS AND SAVINGS 14 2.1 Indicative national 2020 energy efficiency target ..................................................... 14 2.2 Method of calculation ................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Overall primary energy consumption in 2020 and values by specific industries ...... 18 2.4 Final energy savings .................................................................................................. 19 3. POLICY MEASURES IMPLEMENTING EED ............................................................. 21 3.1 Horizontal measures .................................................................................................. 21 3.1.1 -
(2000), Voluminous Lava-Like Precursor to a Major Ash-Flow
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 98 (2000) 153–171 www.elsevier.nl/locate/jvolgeores Voluminous lava-like precursor to a major ash-flow tuff: low-column pyroclastic eruption of the Pagosa Peak Dacite, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado O. Bachmanna,*, M.A. Dungana, P.W. Lipmanb aSection des Sciences de la Terre de l’Universite´ de Gene`ve, 13, Rue des Maraıˆchers, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland bUS Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA, USA Received 26 May 1999; received in revised form 8 November 1999; accepted 8 November 1999 Abstract The Pagosa Peak Dacite is an unusual pyroclastic deposit that immediately predated eruption of the enormous Fish Canyon Tuff (ϳ5000 km3) from the La Garita caldera at 28 Ma. The Pagosa Peak Dacite is thick (to 1 km), voluminous (Ͼ200 km3), and has a high aspect ratio (1:50) similar to those of silicic lava flows. It contains a high proportion (40–60%) of juvenile clasts (to 3–4 m) emplaced as viscous magma that was less vesiculated than typical pumice. Accidental lithic fragments are absent above the basal 5–10% of the unit. Thick densely welded proximal deposits flowed rheomorphically due to gravitational spreading, despite the very high viscosity of the crystal-rich magma, resulting in a macroscopic appearance similar to flow- layered silicic lava. Although it is a separate depositional unit, the Pagosa Peak Dacite is indistinguishable from the overlying Fish Canyon Tuff in bulk-rock chemistry, phenocryst compositions, and 40Ar/39Ar age. The unusual characteristics of this deposit are interpreted as consequences of eruption by low-column pyroclastic fountaining and lateral transport as dense, poorly inflated pyroclastic flows. -
Source to Surface Model of Monogenetic Volcanism: a Critical Review
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021 Source to surface model of monogenetic volcanism: a critical review I. E. M. SMITH1 &K.NE´ METH2* 1School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2Volcanic Risk Solutions, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Small-scale volcanic systems are the most widespread type of volcanism on Earth and occur in all of the main tectonic settings. Most commonly, these systems erupt basaltic magmas within a wide compositional range from strongly silica undersaturated to saturated and oversatu- rated; less commonly, the spectrum includes more siliceous compositions. Small-scale volcanic systems are commonly monogenetic in the sense that they are represented at the Earth’s surface by fields of small volcanoes, each the product of a temporally restricted eruption of a composition- ally distinct batch of magma, and this is in contrast to polygenetic systems characterized by rela- tively large edifices built by multiple eruptions over longer periods of time involving magmas with diverse origins. Eruption styles of small-scale volcanoes range from pyroclastic to effusive, and are strongly controlled by the relative influence of the characteristics of the magmatic system and the surface environment. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license. Small-scale basaltic magmatic systems characteris- hazards associated with eruptions, and this is tically occur at the Earth’s surface as fields of small particularly true where volcanic fields are in close monogenetic volcanoes. These volcanoes are the proximity to population centres. -
Anatomy of a Volcanic Eruption: Case Study: Mt. St. Helens
Anatomy of a Volcanic Eruption: Case Study: Mt. St. Helens Materials Included in this Box: • Teacher Background Information • 3-D models of Mt. St. Helens (before and after eruption) • Examples of stratovolcano rock products: Tuff (pyroclastic flow), pumice, rhyolite/dacite, ash • Sandbox crater formation exercise • Laminated photos/diagrams Teacher Background There are several shapes and types of volcanoes around the world. Some volcanoes occur on the edges of tectonic plates, such as those along the ‘ring of fire’. But there are also volcanoes that occur in the middle of tectonic plates like the Yellowstone volcano and Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. When asked to draw a volcano most people will draw a steeply sided, conical mountain that has a depression (crater) at the top. This image of a 'typical' volcano is called a stratovolcano (a.k.a. composite volcano). While this is the often visualized image of a volcano, there are actually many different shapes volcanoes can be. A volcano's shape is mostly determined by the type of magma/lava that is created underneath it. Stratovolcanoes get their shape because of the thick, sticky (viscous) magma that forms at subduction zones. This magma/lava is layered between ash, pumice, and rock fragments. These layers of ash and magma will build into high elevation, steeply sided, conical shaped mountains and form a 'typical' volcano shape. Stratovolcanoes are also known for their explosive and destructive eruptions. Eruptions can cause clouds of gas, ash, dust, and rock fragments to eject into the atmosphere. These clouds of ash can become so dense and heavy that they quickly fall down the side of the volcanoes as a pyroclastic flow. -
Best Practices of Early Childhood Development Programs
THE CARPATHIAN FOUNDATION-HUNGARY BUILDING CAPACITIES FOR EFFECTIVE EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT OF MARGINALIZED ROMA IN HUNGARY BEST PRACTICES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS 2019 Tartalom Content Early Childhood Development – A tool for reducing social disadvantages 2 The description of the program 3 Brief description of the granted organizations, projects 4 The main results of the first period of the program 16 Presentation of the Carpathian Foundation as the owner of the program 17 Előszó Foreword Since its inception, the Carpathian Foundation has been paying spe- Our Foundation has been cooperating with the majority of NGOs cial attention to the development of disadvantaged, marginalized presented in this publication for several years or in some cases for and primarily Roma communities and their social integration. decades, we recognize the value of their work and strive to support their activities with any and all resources available to us. From the outset, we run programs to provide financial and profes- sional support to Roma and pro-Roma civil society organizations The main purpose of the program presented here is, among many (CSOs) for the successful implementation of their local development other things, to help expand the professional arsenal of involved or- initiatives. Through numerous training courses, meetings and study ganizations in the field of early childhood development further, so tours, we strive to foster the capacity building of these non-govern- that they can start their development work with families in disad- ment actors to allow them to carry out their work as efficiently as vantaged Roma communities in the earliest year possible. possible. -
Properties of Volcanic Ash and Pumice Concrete
Properties of volcanic ash and pumice concrete Autor(en): Hossain, Khandaker M.A. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: IABSE reports = Rapports AIPC = IVBH Berichte Band (Jahr): 81 (1999) PDF erstellt am: 27.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-61426 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch 145 IABSE COLLOQUIUM PHUKET 1999 \ Properties of Volcanic Ash and Pumice Concrete Khandaker M. A. HOSSAIN Khandaker M. A. Hossain, born in 1963, Lecturer in Civil Engineering received BSc and MSc in civil engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering The PNG University of Technology & Technology, Dhaka and PhD from Lae, Papua New Guinea Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK. -
African Swine Fever in Wild Boars in Hungary
Ministry of Agriculture The first occurrence of African swine fever in wild boars in Hungary Meeting of the Standing Committee of Plants, Animals, Food and Feed Brussels, 03 May 2018 Ministry of Agriculture Risk areas according to CVO Decision 1/2018 2 Ministry of Agriculture Confirmation of ASF in Hungary in wild boar Case 1 • A dead wild boar was found around the locality of Gyöngyös (Heves county) on 19 April. • Sample was taken and sent to the NRL (Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate of National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest) and ASF virus was confirmed on 21 April by PCR test. • National Disease Control Centre was set up on 23 April. • The temporary infected area has been set up as a direct CVO order as the part of Heves county north from the M3 motorway (E71) in accordance with Council Directive 2002/60/EC. • An exceptionally controlled area within the infected area has also been set up with further measures. 3 Ministry of Agriculture Confirmation of ASF in Hungary in wild boar Case 1 • Virus isolation positive. • p72, p54 and B602L genes show 99-100% identity with Georgia 2007 strain • Full genome sequencing in progress. • Epidemiological investigation has not been finished yet, but it is possible that the source of the infection was waste from pork product illegally imported by workers from Ukraine. • Some bigger factories of the area hire a great number of workers from Ukraine, residing in hostel-like facilities in the neighbouring villages. 4 Ministry of Agriculture First ASF case in Hungary in wild boar infected wild boar -
Terpes Község
TTeerrppeess KKöözzsséégg TTeelleeppüüllééssffeejjlleesszzttééssii KKoonncceeppcciióó 22001155.. TERPES - TELEPÜLÉSFEJLESZTÉSI KONCEPCIÓ 1. JÖVŐKÉP 1.1. A település jövőképe a társadalmi, gazdasági, táji, természeti és épített környezetére vonatkozóan „Terpes a természeti környezetet magas szinten védő, kiváló levegőminőségű, A település jövőképe:nyugodt lakóterület, amely kiemelkedő szerepet tölt be a falusi turizmusban” 1.2 . A településfejlesztési elvek rögzítése ¬ Terpes¬ község fejlesztése érdekében az alábbi elveket kell rögzíteni: ¬ társadalmi szempontú fenntarthatóság ¬ környezeti szempontú fenntarthatóság értéktudatosság (épített, környezeti) esélyegyenlőség 2. CÉLOK¬ 2.1. A¬ település átfogó fejlesztését szolgáló célok meghatározása ¬ Foglalkoztatottság növelése ¬ Lakóterület rendezése, fejlesztése Természeti környezet védelme Műszaki infrastruktúra fejlesztése ¬ 2.2. Részcélok és a beavatkozások területei egységeinek meghatározása t- Foglalkoztatottság növelése Terpes község adottságai révén jelentős foglalkoztatottságot biztosító vállalkozást, üzemet, létesí ményt nem tudott vonzani, ezért az aktív korú lakosság jellemzően más településekre jár munkába, így fontos a munkahelyet biztosító településekkel a folyamatos és jó kapcsolat fenntartása, fejlesztése. Az idegenforgalmi, turisztikai fejlesztések nagyobb térnyerése biztosíthat megélhetési forrást azé ak tív korúaknak, ill. a már nyugdíjas, de még fizikailag és szellemileg is fittnek mondható lakosságnaké (pl. szálláshely szolgáltatás, falusi turizmus, házi vendéglátás, -
Review of Local and Global Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions and Disaster Management Practices: the Indonesian Example
geosciences Review Review of Local and Global Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions and Disaster Management Practices: The Indonesian Example Mukhamad N. Malawani 1,2, Franck Lavigne 1,3,* , Christopher Gomez 2,4 , Bachtiar W. Mutaqin 2 and Danang S. Hadmoko 2 1 Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR 8591, 92195 Meudon, France; [email protected] 2 Disaster and Risk Management Research Group, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (B.W.M.); [email protected] (D.S.H.) 3 Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France 4 Laboratory of Sediment Hazards and Disaster Risk, Kobe University, Kobe City 658-0022, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper discusses the relations between the impacts of volcanic eruptions at multiple- scales and the related-issues of disaster-risk reduction (DRR). The review is structured around local and global impacts of volcanic eruptions, which have not been widely discussed in the literature, in terms of DRR issues. We classify the impacts at local scale on four different geographical features: impacts on the drainage system, on the structural morphology, on the water bodies, and the impact Citation: Malawani, M.N.; on societies and the environment. It has been demonstrated that information on local impacts can Lavigne, F.; Gomez, C.; be integrated into four phases of the DRR, i.e., monitoring, mapping, emergency, and recovery. In Mutaqin, B.W.; Hadmoko, D.S. contrast, information on the global impacts (e.g., global disruption on climate and air traffic) only fits Review of Local and Global Impacts the first DRR phase.