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IEE: India: North-Eastern Region Capital Cities Development

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IEE: India: North-Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Initial Environmental Examination December 2011 India: North-Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program–Kohima Water Supply Prepared by the State Investment Program Management and Implementation Unit (SIPMIU), Urban Development Department for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 29 June 2011) Currency unit – rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.0222 $1.00 = INR 45.040 ABBREVIATIONS ADB — Asian Development Bank KMC — Kohima Municipal Council BOQ — Bill of quantity CBO — Community-based organization CDP — City Development Plan CFE — Consent for Establishment CFO — Consent for Operation CGWB — Central Ground Water Board CLC — City Level Committee CPHEEO — Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization DSMC — Design Supervision and Management Consultant DTW — Deep Tube Well PHED — Drinking Water and Sanitation EAC — Expert Appraisal Committee EARP — Environment Assessment Review Procedure EARF — Environmental Assessment Resettlement Framework EIA — Environmental Impact Assessment EMP — Environmental Management Plan EMS — Environmental Monitoring Specialist EPA — Environmental Protection Agency FFA — Framework Financing Agreement GAPA — Greater Kohima Planning Area GLSR — Ground level Storage Reservoir GRC — Grievance Redress Committee GWTU — Ground Water Treatment Unit H&S — Health and safety IEE — Initial Environmental Examination INR — Indian Rupee IRP — Iron Removal Plant JNNURM — Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LPCD — Liters per capita per day MFF — Multitranche financing facility MLD — Million liters per day MOEF — Ministry of Environment and Forests NAAQS — National Ambient Air Quality Standards NER — North Eastern Region NERCCDIP — North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program NGO — Nongovernmental organization NRW — Non-revenue water O and M — Operation and maintenance OHSA — Occupational Health and Safety Administration OHSR — Overhead storage reservoirs OMC — Operations and Maintenance Contractors PFR — Periodic Financing Request PHED — Public Health Engineering Department PWD — Public Works Department ROW — Right of way SEIAA — State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SIPMIU — State-level Investment Program Management and Implementation Units SPS — Safeguard Policy Statement SR — Service Reservoir TA — Technical Assistance TDS — Total dissolved solids TOR — Terms of reference UDD — Urban Development Department UFW — Un-accounted For Water WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dbA decibels ha hectare km – kilometer km2 square kilometer l liter m – meter m2 square meter M3 cubic meter MT metric tons MTD metric tons per day NOTES (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees. 3 This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Purpose of the Report 1 B. Extent of the IEE Study 2 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 A. Type, Category and Need 3 B. Location and Implementation Schedule 4 C. Description of the Sub Project 4 III. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 5 A. Physical Resources 5 B. Biological Resources 7 C. Economic Development 7 D. Social and Cultural Resources 8 IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 9 A. Pre-construction 10 B. Construction 11 C. Operation and Maintenance 17 D. Cumulative Impact Assessment 19 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISLOSURE 20 A. Project Stakeholders 20 B. Consultation and Disclosure Conducted 21 C. Future Consultation and Disclosure 21 VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 22 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 23 A. Institutional Arrangements 23 B. Environmental Mitigation Plan 27 C. Environmental Monitoring Program 27 D. Environmental Management Costs 48 VIII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 48 IX. CONCLUSIONS 49 APPENDIXES 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist 50 2. Public Consultation Environment 53 3. Recommended Contract Clauses 58 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Northeastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (NERCCDIP) is expected to contribute to achieve sustainable urban services in the project cities of Agartala, Aizawl, Kohima, Gangtok, and Shillong.. NERCCDIP will be implemented over a six-year period beginning in 2010, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2. The Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) is the national Executing Agency. State- level Investment Program Management and Implementation Units (SIPMIUs) in each state are responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of all subprojects funded under the Investment Program. The SIPMIU is being assisted by design, management and supervision consultants (DMSC) who are designing the infrastructure, managing the tendering of contracts, and will supervise construction. 3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans. 4. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Kohima Water Supply Subproject, specifically for the provision of 318-km secondary water distribution network. 5. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is proposed as part of this report which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (ii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and (iv) grievance redress mechanism. 6. Detailed design began in the middle of 2010. Procurement of civil works will begin in August 2011 and construction will begin in August 2012. 7. The subproject locations are located in the built-up area of Kohima City. The subproject locations are generally undulating but are not located in areas prone to water-logging and flash flood. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those commonly found in urban areas. The subproject location are not located in or near any historically-, culturally-, archaeologically- or architecturally-significant or tourists area. 8. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the infrastructure. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs thus no impacts were identified as being due to the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. 9. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of waste soil; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. 10. Once the system is operating, most facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. The area is isolated and hence direct impact to nearby environment is minimal. The main impacts of the operating water supply system will be beneficial to the citizens of Kohima. They will be provided with a constant supply of water thus improve the quality of life of people as well as benefit individual and public health with improvements in hygiene. This will reduce the incidence of disease associated with poor sanitation. This will also lead to economic gains as people will be less away from work and indirectly increase their income. 11. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities. 12. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the SIPMIU. There will also be longer-term surveys to monitor the expected improvements in the quality of domestic water and the health of the population. 13. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through face-to-face discussions on site and public meeting held in the city, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations
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