DOCSLIB.ORG

Pharmacognostical Studies on the Leaves of Cocculus Hirsutus (Linn.) Diels – Chilahinta , an Ayurvedic Drug

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pharmacognostical Studies on the Leaves of Cocculus Hirsutus (Linn.) Diels – Chilahinta , an Ayurvedic Drug Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 1(1), March 2010, pp. 38-43 Pharmacognostical studies on the leaves of Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Diels – Chilahinta , an Ayurvedic drug V Madhavan 1, Mohamed Sajid Ullah 1, M R Gurudeva 2 and S N Yoganarasimhan 1* 1Department of PG Studies and Research in Pharmacognsoy, M S Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560 054, Karnataka, India 2Department of Botany, V V Pura College of Science, Bangalore-560 004 Received 22 September2008; Accepted 5 May 2009 Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Diels known as Chilahinta in Ayurveda and Kattu kodi in Siddha is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Menispermaceae. The leaves are used to treat several diseases like polyuria, fevers, piles and is said to possess aphrodisiac property. The present study provides taxonomical, pharmacognostical and physico-chemical details helpful in laying down standardization and pharmacopoeial parameters. Some diagnostic characters are presence of unicellular ribbon shaped trichome both on lamina and petiole, presence of sunken stomata, excretory sacs in mesophyll. Physico-chemical studies revealed total moisture content (6.67%), total ash (5.07%), acid insoluble ash (0.57%), water soluble ash (0.65%), alcohol soluble extractive (32.63%) and water soluble extractive (26.85%). Ultraviolet analysis exhibited considerable variation and preliminary organic analysis revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, fixed oils, fats, mucilage, glycosides and phytosterols. HPTLC profile of alcoholic extract of leaves gave 16 phytoconstituents. Keywords : Cocculus hirsutus , Menispermaceae, Leaves, Pharmacognosy, Physico-chemical analysis, HPTLC, Alcohol extract. IPC code: Int. cl. 8—A61K 36/59, A61K 127/00 Introduction leaf is not available 14-16 . Hence, the present Cocculus Linn. (Menispermaceae) consists of investigation which helps not only in the 20 species of mostly scandent or rarely suberect herbs identification of the drug but also provides requisite or shrubs, distributed in tropics and subtropics 1. material for establishing the biomarker/bioactive Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Diels is a scandent shrub, compound. known as Chilahinta in Ayurveda and Kattu kodi in Siddha system of medicine; the roots and leaves are Materials and Methods used to treat polyuria, eczema, dysuria, abdominal Fresh leaves were collected from Kudur village, disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, fevers, piles, syphilis, 2,3 Bangalore Rural district, Karnataka, during March, disorders of blood and as an aphrodisiac . Roots 2006, preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol for histological and leaves possess antimicrobial, cardiotonic, studies. Botanical identification was carried out using hyperglycaemic, diuretic, laxative and epileptic 17,18 4-6 local floras , identified by senior Plant Taxonomist activity . Several isoquinoline alkaloids are present and authenticated at the herbarium of the Regional in leaves and roots; the important ones are cohirsine, 7-11 Research Institute (Ay), Bangalore (RRCBI). Voucher cohirsinine, cohirsitinine, hirsutine and jamtine . herbarium specimen (Sajid Ullah 001) was prepared Some histological studies on the root, rhizome and 12,13 and is preserved along with crude drug sample at the leaf has been carried out but detailed herbarium of M S Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, pharmacognostical studies including macerate details, Bangalore 19 . Pharmacognostical evaluation including powder study exhibiting the various elements and histochemical, macerate and powder studies were fluorescence analysis besides HPTLC studies on the carried out by taking free hand sections following Johansen 20 , Wallis 21 and Evans 22 . Safranin (4%) was _________ *Correspondent author: used to stain transverse sections. Reagents like E-mail: [email protected] potassium iodide, ferric chloride, Sudan III, MADHAVAN et al : PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAVES OF AN AYURVEDIC DRUG 39 concentrated HCl, ruthenium red and phloroglucinol tomentose beneath. Veination reticulate with 5 to 6 with dilute HCl were used for histochemical tests. pairs of alternating lateral veins; first two pairs of Concentrated nitric acid (50%) with pinch of lateral veins arise basally giving a multicostate potassium chlorate crystals was used as the appearance; secondary and tertiary veinlets macerating fluid. Photomicrographs were obtained by anastomose to form reticulation with free end observing free hand sections of drug under compound included in meshes. Petiole greyish-tomentose, with a binocular microscope (Olympus-CH20i model) with distinct swelling at proximal and distal ends. Leaves built in analogue camera (CMOF, 1.4 mega pixel). greenish, odourless and mucilaginous when fresh, Computer Images were captured using AV-Digitaliser brittle and powdery on drying, without characteristic having Grand VCD 2000-Capture Guard. taste, prolonged contact produces itching sensation Measurements of cells and tissues were carried out (Plate 1 Fig. B). using Micro Image Lite Image Analysis Software Transverse section of petiole is circular in outline (Cybernetics, Maryland, USA). Physico-chemical with trichomes emerging all over the surface, consists constants, organic analysis, ultra-violet analysis and of epidermis, cortex and stellar region with prominent chromatographic studies were carried out from shade- pith. Epidermis single layered, made up of thick 23-27 dried powder following prescribed methods . walled rectangular cells. Hairs or trichomes emerge HPTLC studies were carried out on alcohol extract from some epidermal cells. Hypodermis is made up of using Camag HPTLC system equipped with Linomat collenchymatous cells, measure 5-7-10µ. Cortex V sample applicator, Camag TLC scanner 3 and consists of hexagonal cells, demarcated into inner CATS 4 software for interpretation of data. An region of larger cells and outer region of smaller cells, aluminium plate (5×10 cm) precoated with silica cells contain abundant chloroplast and sparsely gel 60F254 (E Merck) was used as adsorbent. distributed starch grains. Endodermis is single The plates were developed using toluene:ethyl layered. Pericycle is multilayered, heterogeneous, acetate:chloroform:glacial acetic acid (6:2:3:0.5) sclerenchymatous over the vascular bundle, in a Camag twin trough chamber to a distance of parenchymatous in between vascular bundle; 8 cm each. conjunctive tissue is found in between vascular bundle (Plate 1 Fig. C-D). Stele consists of vascular Results bundle varying from 6 to 8, arranged in a ring; Botanical description vascular bundle conjoint; collateral, endarch (Plate 1 Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Diels in Engler, Fig. E). Xylem cells measure 5-7-8µ, consists of Pflanzenr. 46, 236.1910; Dunn in Gamble, Fl. Pres. vessels and fibres; phloem cells measure 5-7-8µ, Madras 1, 21. 1957 (repr. ed.). Menispermum consists of sieve tube and companion cells. hirsutum Linn., Sp. Pl. 341. 1753. Cocculus villosus Transverse section of leaf consists of lamina and (Lam.) DC., Syst. 1, 525. 1817; Hook.f. & Thoms. in midrib regions (Plate 1 Fig. F). Lamina exhibits upper Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 1 , 101. 1872. Menispermum and lower epidermis; lower epidermal cells smaller, villosum Lam., Encycl . 4, 97. 1797. measure 5-6-7µ, upper epidermal cells measuring Hirsute climbers or stragglers. Leaves 2.5-5×2-2.5 8-9-10µ; epidermal cells rectangular, filled with cm, simple, ovate, obtuse, mucronate, truncate at chloroplast. Stomata anomocytic, found on lower base, softly villous. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. epidermis, many, sunken, each surrounded by 4 to 6 Male flowers in 5 to 6 cm long axillary cymose epidermal cells. Mesophyll comprises of palisade and panicles. Calyx and corolla lobes 6, obovate. Stamens spongy parenchyma, cells filled with chloroplast and 6, enclosed by corolla lobes. Female flowers in starch grains. Palisade cells columnar, 1-layered, axillary fascicles, rarely in racemes. Fruits globose, except near midrib where it is 2 to 3-layered. Spongy green, shining (Plate 1 Fig. A). Distributed throughout parenchyma 2 to 3-layered, cells elongated, thin Tropical Africa and India in most districts. walled and enclose air spaces in between and Macro- and microscopical characters of leaves excretory sacs (Plate 1 Fig. G). Midrib exhibits Leaves dorsiventral, variable, simple, ovate to crescent shaped vascular bundle enclosed by ovate-oblong or slightly lanceolate with truncate to sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. Next to bundle cordate base, apex sometimes mucronate, margins sheath lies parenchymatous ground tissue; some entire or slightly wavy, lamina hairy, greyish-white peripheral cells are collenchymatous; vascular bundle INDIAN J NAT PROD RESOUR, MARCH 2010 40 Plate 1: Figs. A-U. Macro- and microscopical characters of the leaves of Cocculus hirsutus. A. Fresh twig. B. Fresh crude drug. C-E. T S of petiole (C. outline of tissues; D. regions enlarged; E. vascular bundle enlarged). F-I. T.S. of lamina and midri (F. outline of lamina and midrib; G. Mesophyll enlarged; H. Lamina enlarged; I. Vascular bundle in midrib region enlarged). J-U. Macerate elements (J. Epidermal peel showing epidermal cell and trichome base; K. Epidermal peel showing stomata; L. Stomata enlarged; M, N. Unicellular trichome; O. Parenchyma cell; P. Collenchyma cell; Q, R. Fibres; S, T. Vessel; U. Venation pattern) (Abbreviations: CJT-conjunctive tissue; COL-collenchyma; COR-cortex; END- endodermis; EP-epidermis; EPC-epidermal cell; EXS- excretory sac; GT-ground tissue; HYP-hypodermis; LAM-lamina; LOE-lower epidermis; MID-midrib;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pharmacology of Sinomenine, an Anti-Rheumatic Alkaloid from Sinomenium Acutum
    Acta Medica Okayama Volume 30, Issue 1 1976 Article 1 FEBRUARY 1976 Pharmacology of sinomenine, an anti-rheumatic alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum Hidemasa Yamasaki∗ ∗Okayama University, Copyright c 1999 OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL. All rights reserved. Pharmacology of sinomenine, an anti-rheumatic alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum∗ Hidemasa Yamasaki Abstract The root and stem decoctions of Sinomenium acutum Rehd. et Wils. (formerly Sinomenium diversifolius Diels, one type of Fang-chi (Chinese)) have been used as a folk remedy for neuralgia and rheumatoid arthritis in many areas of the Far East. In Japan and China various viny plants have been identified as Fang-chi (Boi in Japanese) since antiquity. This uncertain nomenclature has made it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of the Fang-chi described in the classic literature. Among traditional Fang-chi plants only Sinomeniumacutum has been demonstrated to contain the alkaloid sinomenine, which is now known to be effective in neuralgia and rheumatic diseases. Sinomenine is a unique plant alkaloid, as it potently releases histamine in association with degran- ulation of tissue mast cells in mammalian tissues. This action occurs preferentially in the skin and joint capsules. The released histamine is responsible for the dominant pharmacological actions of sinomenine, such as vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, acceleration of the thoracic and peripheral lymph flow, contraction of plain muscles, increased peristalsis of the intestines, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion. At toxic doses of sinomenine, convulsive central excita- tion was observed in most laboratory animals. Clinical side effects encountered with high doses of injected sinomenine or of decocted Sinomenium acutum were: injection site flare, pruritus in the head and upper part of the body, edema around the lips and eyelids, and temporary cephalal- gia.
    [Show full text]
  • Cocculus Laurifolius: a Rich Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Source
    Pak. J. Bot., 49(1): 337-344, 2017. COCCULUS LAURIFOLIUS: A RICH ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SOURCE MUHAMMAD AJAIB1*, ZUBARIA ASHRAF2 AND MUHAMMAD FAHEEM SIDDIQUI3 1Department of Botany (Bhimber Campus), Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur-10250 (AJK), Pakistan 2Department of Botany, GC University, Katchery Road, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant potential and the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the bark and leaf of Cocculus laurifolius DC. by using polar and non-polar solvents, i.e. Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and distilled water. Chloroform bark extracts showed maximum % yield. Antimicrobial activity was determined by using 4 bacterial strains (2 gram-negative and 2 gram- positive) and 2 fungal strains. Leaf and bark extracts of C. laurifolius showed significant to average results against bacterial and fungal strain. Bark extracts of chloroform and methanol revealed a maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus in agar-well diffusion method with values of 37±3.1mm and 37±2.2mm respectively and bark extract of methanol exhibited MIC value with 0.06±0.01 (at 0.9 mg/L) against E. coli. In antifungal activity, all extracts showed average results against fungal strains. Maximum result exhibited by bark extract of methanol with values 29±1.4 and 0.70±0.01 (at 1 mg/L) against F. solani in zone of inhibition and MIC analysis. Significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity of chloroform extracts of bark i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records and Rediscoveries of Plants in Singapore
    Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (1): 67–90. 2018 67 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(1).2018-08 New records and rediscoveries of plants in Singapore R.C.J. Lim1, S. Lindsay1, D.J. Middleton2, B.C. Ho2, P.K.F. Leong2, M.A. Niissalo2, P.C. van Welzen3, H.-J. Esser4, S.K. Ganesan2, H.K. Lua5, D.M. Johnson6, N.A. Murray6, J. Leong-Škorničková2, D.C. Thomas2 & Ali Ibrahim2 1Native Plant Centre, Horticulture and Community Gardening Division, National Parks Board, 100K Pasir Panjang Road, 118526, Singapore [email protected] 2Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore 3Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden 4Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, München D-80638, Germany 5National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore 6Department of Botany & Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The city-state of Singapore continues to provide many new records and rediscoveries of plant species in its nature reserves, offshore islands and secondary forests. Eleven new records for Singapore and eight rediscoveries of species previously presumed nationally extinct are reported here along with national conservation assessments. The new records are Albertisia crassa Forman, Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr., Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) Thwaites, Dendrokingstonia nervosa (Hook.f. & Thomson) Rauschert, Dipterocarpus chartaceus Symington, Haplopteris sessilifrons (Miyam. & H.Ohba) S.Linds., Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh, Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir., Spermacoce parviceps (Ridl.) I.M.Turner, Sphaeropteris trichodesma (Scort.) R.M.Tryon and Uvaria micrantha (A.DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson. The rediscoveries are Callerya dasyphylla (Miq.) Schot, Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC., Lecananthus erubescens Jack, Loeseneriella macrantha (Korth.) A.C.Sm., Mapania squamata (Kurz) C.B.Clarke, Plagiostachys lateralis (Ridl.) Ridl., Scolopia macrophylla (Wight & Arn.) Clos and Spatholobus maingayi Prain ex King.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Advanced Research and Review a SHORT
    IJARR, 4(1), 2019; 14-20 International Journal of Advanced Research and Review www.ijarr.in A SHORT REVIEW ON MEDICINAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COCCULUS LAURIFOLIUS LEAVES Sidra Maqbool, Ishrat Younus* Rafiya Sadafand Shagufta Nesar Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Madinat al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi. Email: *[email protected] ABSTRACT Cocculus laurifolius (laurel leaf snail seed) belongs to family Menispermaceae is a medicinally active plant and have been traditionally used as a muscle relaxant, diuretic, antihypertensive and antiepileptic. Consequently the plant have been studied for its biological activities and has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, hypotensive, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, sedative/hypnotic and neuromuscular blocking properties. Keyword: Cocculus laurifolius, ethanolic extract, anxiolytic activity, antioxidant properties, hypotensive effect. INTRODUCTION Herbal medicines are considered to be an effective therapy for treatment of different ailment and disorders. Phytotherapy include plants with mild action, like mint and chamomile to potent medicinal plants Belladona and Digitalis (1). These medicinal plants are used in the treatment of wide diversity of health problems, including minor injuries, cardiac, respiratory and central nervous system disorders to severe carcinogenic conditions (2). Plants of family Menispermaceae have also been reported for their medicinal activity (3).While species of genera Cocculus (Indicus, hirsutus and pendulus) have found significant importance due to their anti- diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-ulcer, anti-cancerous, anti-hypertensive, ant-inflammatory, diuretic, analgesic and anxiolytic activity(4-9). Similarly, the plant of Cocculus laurifolius have also been reported for its muscle relaxant and hypotensive activity. Cocculus laurifolius also known as laurel leaf snail seed, belongs to the family Menispermaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama
    The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama T. Wayne Barger1* and Brian D. Holt1 1Alabama State Lands Division, Natural Heritage Section, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Montgomery, AL 36130 *Correspondence: wayne [email protected] Abstract provides public lands for recreational use along with con- servation of vital habitat. Since its inception, the Forever The Red Hills Forever Wild Tract (RHFWT) is a 1785 ha Wild Program, managed by the Alabama Department of property that was acquired in two purchases by the State of Conservation and Natural Resources (AL-DCNR), has pur- Alabama Forever Wild Program in February and Septem- chased approximately 97 500 ha (241 000 acres) of land for ber 2010. The RHFWT is characterized by undulating general recreation, nature preserves, additions to wildlife terrain with steep slopes, loblolly pine plantations, and management areas and state parks. For each Forever Wild mixed hardwood floodplain forests. The property lies tract purchased, a management plan providing guidelines 125 km southwest of Montgomery, AL and is managed by and recommendations for the tract must be in place within the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural a year of acquisition. The 1785 ha (4412 acre) Red Hills Resources with an emphasis on recreational use and habi- Forever Wild Tract (RHFWT) was acquired in two sepa- tat management. An intensive floristic study of this area rate purchases in February and September 2010, in part was conducted from January 2011 through June 2015. A to provide protected habitat for the federally listed Red total of 533 taxa (527 species) from 323 genera and 120 Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti Highton).
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Inventory and Plant Community Classification for Ninety Six National Historic Site
    VASCULAR PLANT INVENTORY AND PLANT COMMUNITY CLASSIFICATION FOR NINETY SIX NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE Report for the Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories: Appalachian Highlands and Cumberland/Piedmont Network Prepared by NatureServe for the National Park Service Southeast Regional Office November 2003 NatureServe Ninety Six National Historic Site ii NatureServe is a non-profit organization providing the scientific knowledge that forms the basis for effective conservation action. A NatureServe Technical Report Prepared for the National Park Service under Cooperative Agreement H 5028 01 0435. Citation: White, Jr., Rickie D. and Tom Govus. 2003. Vascular Plant Inventory and Plant Community Classification for Ninety Six National Historic Site. Durham, North Carolina: NatureServe. © 2003 NatureServe NatureServe 6114 Fayetteville Road, Suite 109 Durham, NC 27713 919-484-7857 International Headquarters 1101 Wilson Boulevard, 15th Floor Arlington, Virginia 22209 www.natureserve.org National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Atlanta Federal Center 1924 Building 100 Alabama Street, S.W. Atlanta, GA 30303 The view and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not consitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. This report consists of the main report along with a series of appendices with information about the plants and plant communities found at the site. Electronic files have been provided to the National Park Service in addition to hard copies. Current information on all communities described here can be found on NatureServe Explorer at www.natureserve.org/explorer. Cover photo: Rain lily (Zephranthes atamasca) blooming in April 2002 along Ninety Six Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 植物研究雜誌 J. Jpn. Bot. 79: 241-246 (2004) Chromosome
    植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 79:241-246(2004) 79:241-246(2004) Chromosome Numbers for Eight Species in Five Five Genera of Menispermaceae Heng ・Chang W ANG ， Ai-Ping MENG ，Ji an-Qiang LI* and Zi-Can HE Wuhan Wuhan Botanical Garden ， Wuhan Institute of Botany ，the Chinese Academy of Sciences ，Wuhan ， 430074 CHINA *E-mail *E-mail totheauthorforcorrespondence:jianqiangli@hotmai l. com (Received (Received on September 13 ，2003) Chromosome numbers of 8 species in 5 genera of Menispermaceae from China 紅 e reported: reported: Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. 2n = 4x = 52 ， and T. hain αnensis Luo & Z. X. X. Li 2n=26; D 伊loclisia glaucescens (B 1.) Diels 2n = 26; Stephania yunnanensis Luo 2n 2n = 26 ，組 d S. dielsiana Wu 2n = 26; Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. 2n = 4x = 52 ，組d C. C. laurifolius DC. 2n = 26; Menispermum dahuricum DC. 2n = 4x = 52. The chromo- some numbers of the first five species 紅 ehere reported for the first time. All eight spe- cies cies studied have a basic chromosome number x= 13 ， and chromosome numbers 紅 e generally generally consistent with previous reports the for same species and genera. Key words: Chromosome number ，Cocculus ，Diploclisia ，Menispermaceae ，Tinospora. Introduction Introduction Although cytological studies in Menis- Menispermaceae ，consisting of five tribes ， permaceae have been published by various 71 71 genera and about 450 species ， is a authors (Darlington and Wylie 1955 ， pantropical pantropical family usually confined to the Fedorov 1974 ， Goldblatt 1984 ，1985 ，Hong lowlands. lowlands. All Menispermaceae are typically 1990 ，etc.) ，chromosome counts have been unisexual unisexual and dioecious.
    [Show full text]
  • Alliaria Petiolata
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 7-2015 Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande [Brassicaceae], an Invasive Herb in the Southern Ozark Plateaus: A Comparison of Species Composition and Richness, Soil Properties, and Earthworm Composition and Biomass in Invaded Versus Non-Invaded Sites Jennifer D. Ogle University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Ogle, Jennifer D., "Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande [Brassicaceae], an Invasive Herb in the Southern Ozark Plateaus: A Comparison of Species Composition and Richness, Soil Properties, and Earthworm Composition and Biomass in Invaded Versus Non-Invaded Sites" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1185. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1185 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande [Brassicaceae], an Invasive Herb in the Southern Ozark Plateaus: A Comparison of Species Composition and Richness, Soil Properties, and Earthworm Composition and Biomass in Invaded Versus Non-Invaded Sites Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande [Brassicaceae], an Invasive Herb in the Southern Ozark Plateaus: A Comparison of Species Composition and Richness, Soil Properties, and Earthworm Composition and Biomass in Invaded Versus Non-Invaded Sites A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology by Jennifer D.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/04/2021 02:20:31PM Via Free Access 140 IAWA Journal, Vol
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 28 (2), 2007: 139-172 MENISPERMACEAE WOOD ANATOMY AND CAMBIAL VARIANTS Frederic M.B. Jacques* and Dario De Franceschi Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Departement Histoire de la Terre, CP 38, UMR 5143 CNRS-USM 0203 Paleobiodiversite et Paleoenvironnements, 8 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France - *Corresponding author [E-mail: [email protected]] SUMMARY Menispermaceae are comprised almost entirely of lianas. Study of its wood anatomy is of interest for understanding adaptation to the liana habit. We set out here to present a general overview of Menispermaceae wood. The wood anatomy of 77 species of 44 genera, representative of an tribes and from an continents, is described. The wood of 18 of these genera was previously unknown. We observed two secondary growth types within the family: wood with successive cambia and wood with a single cambium. The distribution of these types is partly consistent with the c1assification of the family by Diels. General characters of the family are: wide rays, enlarged vessel pits near the perforation plates, and pitted tyloses. The fun range of wood anatomical diversity is given in Table 1. Key words: Menispermaceae, wood, successive cambia, cambial variants. INTRODUCTION The bark of some species of Menispermaceae is wen known for its use in the preparation of dart poisons in South America, named curare. Although Menispermaceae wood is an important material for pharmacological studies for identifying new alkaloids (N'Guyen, pers. comm.), this special interest of phytochemists contrasts with the relative paucity of anatomical knowledge of the family. A better knowledge of Menispermaceae wood is also important for palaeobotanical studies, to enable fossil woods of this family to be more precisely identified (Vozenin-Serra et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustration Sources
    APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(11), 1146-1155
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(11), 1146-1155 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/12112 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/12112 RESEARCH ARTICLE DIVERSITY OF ANGIOSPERM CLIMBER SPECIES IN POINT CALIMERE WILDLIFE AND BIRD SANCTUARY, TAMIL NADU M. Padma Sorna Subramanian1 A. Saravana Ganthi2 and K. Subramonian3 1. Siddha Medicinal Plants Garden, CCRS, Mettur, Salem, Tamil Nadu. 2. Department of Botany, Rani Anna Govt. College for Women, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. 3. Department of Botany, The MDT Hindu College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Climbers are currently understood to have a range of important Received: 25 September 2020 ecological functions in forest dynamics. Climbers are already Final Accepted: 28 October 2020 recognized as an important group for tropical biodiversity, playing a Published: November 2020 key role in ecosystem level processes and providing resources for pollinators and dispersers. The present study is an attempt to document Key words:- Climbers, Lianas, Point Calimere Wild different climber species and their uses in Point Calimere Wildlife and Life and Birds Sanctuary, Medicinal Birds Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. The present study recorded 53 Uses herbaceous climbers and 21 lianas from all the forests types of Point Calimere Sanctuary, covering 25 families. Considering all climbers and lianas, 40 species are stem twiners, 2 species are branch twiners, 4 are spiny Climbers, 19 species are tendril climbers and 8 species are hook climbers. Most of the lianas are distributed in scrub forests and many climbers are recorded in wet lands. 53 medicinal climbers are recorded in the study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Inventory of Selected Natural Areas on the University of Florida Campus: Final Report
    Floristic Inventory of Selected Natural Areas on the University of Florida Campus: Final Report 12 September 2005 Gretchen Ionta, Department of Botany, UF PO Box 118526, 392-1175, [email protected]; Assisted by Walter S. Judd, Department of Botany, UF PO Box 118526, 392-1721 ext. 206, [email protected] 1 Contents 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................3 2. Summary........................................................................................................................4 3. Alphabetical listing (by plant family) of vascular plants documented in the Conservation Areas........................................................................................................7 4. For each conservation area a description of plant communities and dominant vegetation, along with a list of the trees, shrubs, and herbs documented there. Bartram Carr Woods ……................................................................................20 Bivens Rim East Forest ...................................................................................26 Bivens Rim Forest............................................................................................34 Fraternity Wetland............................................................................................38 Graham Woods.................................................................................................43 Harmonic Woods..............................................................................................49
    [Show full text]