Floristic Inventory of Selected Natural Areas on the University of Florida Campus: Final Report

12 September 2005

Gretchen Ionta, Department of Botany, UF PO Box 118526, 392-1175, [email protected]; Assisted by Walter S. Judd, Department of Botany, UF PO Box 118526, 392-1721 ext. 206, [email protected]

1 Contents

1. Introduction...... 3 2. Summary...... 4 3. Alphabetical listing (by plant family) of vascular plants documented in the Conservation Areas...... 7 4. For each conservation area a description of plant communities and dominant vegetation, along with a list of the trees, shrubs, and herbs documented there. Bartram Carr Woods ……...... 20 Bivens Rim East Forest ...... 26 Bivens Rim Forest...... 34 Fraternity Wetland...... 38 Graham Woods...... 43 Harmonic Woods...... 49 Hogtown Creek Woods...... 56 Lake Alice Natural Area...... 62 Lake Alice South...... 70 McCarty Woods...... 73 NATL-east Surge Wetlands...... 77 5. Species of note found in campus natural areas...... 83 6. Invasive vascular plant species in campus natural areas……………………………87 7. Definitions of terms and categories used in the database...... 95 8. Appendix A – Species spreadsheet by Conservation Area with abundance data 9. Appendix B – Conservation Area Transect Maps

2 Floristic Inventory of Natural Areas on the University of Florida Campus

Gretchen Ionta, Department of Botany, UF PO Box 118526, 392-1175, [email protected]; Assisted by Walter S. Judd, Department of Botany, UF PO Box 118526, 392-1721 ext. 206, [email protected]

This report summarizes the results of a one year study documenting the diversity of vascular plants in 11 conservation areas on the University of Florida campus. From 15 September 2004 to August 20, 2005 Gretchen Ionta, with the assistance of Dr. Walter S. Judd, conducted a floristic inventory of selected conservation areas on the University of Florida campus using standard field and herbarium methods. This study was funded by Facilities Planning & Construction (FP&C) as part of UF’s Master Plan. This report will provide the foundation for a published floristic inventory in a peer reviewed botanical journal. A copy of any publications resulting from this study will be provided to FP & C.

During the course of this study we surveyed the diversity of vascular plant species in the following UF Conservation areas: Bivens Rim Forest Area, Bivens Rim Forest East Area, Fraternity Wetlands, Graham Woods, Harmonic Woods, Hogtown Creek Woods, Lake Alice Natural Area, Lake Alice Natural Area South, McCarty Woods, Health Science Center Park, and the Surge Area Wetlands. Each conservation area was surveyed by walking its perimeter, available trails, and a series of transects which were carefully chosen to make sure that all vegetation types were sampled. This was repeated several times throughout the course of the study, in all seasons. Vascular plant species encountered were identified and recorded along with abundance and location information. Each species was collected at least once during the course of the study (preferably in while flowering or in fruit) and preserved by pressing and drying. The vouchers are properly stored in cabinets in the University of Florida Herbarium, part of the Florida Museum of Natural History.

3 Summary of vascular plant species found in campus natural areas

In the eleven conservation areas surveyed we encountered three main plant communities: upland mesic mixed hardwoods hammock, bottomland mixed hardwood forest, and marsh. Mesic upland hammocks (southern mixed hardwoods) are present in Bivens Rim Forest East, Bivens Rim Forest, Fraternity Wetlands, Graham Woods, Harmonic Woods, Health Center Park, Hogtown Creek Wetlands, Lake Alice Natural Area, MCarty Woods, and Surge Wetlands. These mesic upland canopies are characterized by the following species: Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Fraxinus americana (White Ash), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Tilia americana var caroliniana (Carolina basswood) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm).

Bottomland hardwood forests are present in eight areas: Bivens Rim Forest East, Bivens Rim Forest, Fraternity Wetlands, Graham Woods, Hogtown Creek Wetlands, Lake Alice Natural Area, Lake Alice South and Surge Wetlands. The following tree species are typical of these communities: Acer negundo (Box Elder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Cornus foemina (SwampDogwood), Fraxinus caroliniana (Carolina Ash), Liquidambar styraciflua(Sweetgum), Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus laurifolia (Diamond Leaf Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm).

Marshes are present in three natural areas: Bivens Rim Forest East, Bivens Rim Forest, Lake Alice Natural Area, and Surge Wetlands. Typical species found in these communities include: Acer negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Hydrocotyle spp.(Marshpennywort), Lemna spp. (Duckweed), Ludwigia peruviana (Peruvian Primrosewillow), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Salix caroliniana (Carolina

4 Willow), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Typha latifolia (Broadleaf Cattail) and Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice).

The following information is summarized in the table below. We found a total of 378 different taxa representing 111 plant families in our inventory of selected UF Conservation Areas. Of these we have identified 338 to species. This represents 1452 taxa documented in the 11 natural areas surveyed, with 1355 identified to species. Seventy percent of the species identified were native. Thirty-two species were listed by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council as exotic species with the potential to disrupt Florida’s native plant communities. One species documented in this study, Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine), is endangered in Florida. This plant was documented in Bivens East, Graham woods, Harmonic Woods, Health Center Park, Hogtown Creek and Surge Wetlands. In these areas it was infrequently found scattered throughout the mesic hammocks. Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinalflower) and Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (Southern Lady Fern) are listed as threatened in Florida. Cardinalflower occurs in Hogtown Creek natural area near the stream in the northwest corner of the property. Southern Lady Fern was infrequently seen in Fraternity wetlands and Harmonic Woods.

Total Non- EPPC(1) & Endangered Threatened Total identified Native %Native native (2) FL Fl Overall 378 338 238 70% native 100 32 1 2 Bivens East 196 179 134 75% native 45 20 1 0 Bivens Rim 66 63 48 76% native 15 5 0 0 Fraternity 112 104 80 77% native 24 10 0 1 Graham 128 123 94 77% native 29 14 1 0 Harmonic 182 169 137 81% native 32 14 1 1 Health Ctr. 142 131 89 68% native 42 16 1 0 Hogtown 139 135 116 86% native 19 8 1 1 Lake Alice 183 164 115 70% native 49 20 0 0 Lake Alice So. 77 70 49 70% native 21 11 0 0 McCarty 98 90 58 64% native 32 11 0 0 Surge 129 127 104 82% native 23 12 0 0 Summary of vascular plant species found in Natural Areas

5

Of the 111 plant families represented in our survey, Asteraceae (Sunflower family) had the largest number of species (31). Fabaceae (Pea family) had 22 species, and Poaceae (Grass family) had 16. The remaining families were represented by between one and ten species each. The best represented genus was Quercus, the Oak genus, with nine species. We documented seven different Smilax (Greenbriar) species. Other genera were represented by from one to five species each.

6 Species documented in campus natural areas

Acanthaceae Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Ruellia tweediana - Britton's Wild Petunia; Mexican Bluebell

Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - American Elder; Elderberry Viburnum nudum - Possumhaw Viburnum obovatum - Walter's Viburnum; Small Leaf Viburnum Viburnum odoratissimum - Sweet Viburnum Viburnum rufidulum - Rusty Blackhaw

Agavaceae Yucca aloifolia - Spanish Bayonet; Aloe Yucca Yucca filamentosa - Adam's Needle

Alismataceae Sagittaria sp. – Arrowhead

Altingiaceae Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum

Amaranthaceae Alternanthera philoxeroides - Alligatorweed Amaranthus australis - Southern Amaranth Chenopodium album - Lamb's Quarters Chenopodium ambrosioides - Mexican Tea Gomphrena serrata - Arrasa Con Todo Iresine diffusa - Juba's Bush

Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum - Poisonbulb

Anacardiaceae Pistachia chinensis - Chinese Pistachio Rhus copallinum - Winged Sumac Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy

Annonaceae Asimina parviflora - Smallflower Pawpaw

Apiaceae Chaerophyllum tainturieri - Hairyfruit Chervil

7 Cicuta maculata - Spotted Water Hemlock Cyclospermum leptophyllum - Marsh Parsley Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - Floating Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata - Whorled Marshpennywort Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot

Apocynaceae Cynanchum scoparium - Leafless Swallowwort Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine; Florida Spiny Pod Trachelospermum jasminoides - Confederate Jasmine Vinca major - Bigleaf Periwinkle

Aquifoliaceae Ilex cassine L. - Dahoon Holly Ilex cornuta - Chinese Holly Ilex opaca - American Holly Ilex vomitoria – Yaupon

Araceae Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro; Dasheen; Coco Yam Landoltia punctata - Dotted Duckweed Lemna sp. – Duckweed Orontium aquaticum - Goldenclub; Neverwet Peltandra virginica - Green Arrow Arum Pistia stratiotes - Water Lettuce Syngonium podophyllum - American Evergreen Xanthosoma sagittifolium - Arrowleaf Elephantear

Araliaceae Aralia spinosa - Devil's Walkingstick Hedera helix - English Ivy

Arecaceae Butia capitata - Wine Palm; Jelly Palm Sabal minor - Dwarf Palmetto; Bluestem Palm Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm

Asparagaceae Asparagus virgatus - Tiki Fern; Tree Fern

Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron - Ebony Spleenwort

8

Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common ragweed Baccharis halimifolia - Groundsel Tree; Sea Myrtle Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks; Romerillo Bidens bipinnata - Spanish Needles Bidens laevis - Burrmarigold; Smooth Beggarticks Calyptocarpus vialis - Straggler Daisy Cirsium nuttallii - Nuttall's Thistle Eclipta prostrata - False Daisy Elephantopus carolinianus - Carolina Elephantsfoot Emilia sp. - Tasselflower Erechtites hieraciifolius - American Burnweed; Fireweed Eupatorium sp. - Thoroughwort Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Gamochaeta sp. - Everlasting Gamochaeta pensylvanica - Pennsylvania Everlasting Hieracium sp. - Hawkweed Lactuca graminifolia - Grassleaf Lettuce Melanthera nivea - Snow Squarestem Mikania sp. - Hempvine Mikania cordifolia - Florida Keys Hempvine Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Smallanthus uvedalia - Hairy Leafcup Solidago sp. - Goldenrod Sonchus asper - Spiny Sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Symphyotrichum carolinianum - Climbing Aster Symphyotrichum dumosum - Rice Button Aster Symphyotrichum elliottii - Elliott's Aster Taraxacum officinale - Common Dandelion Verbesina virginica - Crownbeard; Frostweed Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard

Begoniaceae Begonia cucullata - Wax Begonia; Club Begonia

Berberidaceae Nandina domestica - Sacred Bamboo; Heavenly Bamboo

Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam; Bluebeech Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam

Bignoniaceae

9 Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Catalpa bignonioides - Southern Catalpa Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine

Blechnaceae Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica - Virginia Chain Fern

Boraginaceae Ehretia acuminata - Koda Wood Onosmodium virginianum - False Gromwell; Wild Job's Tears

Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris - Sheperd's Purse Cardamine sp. - Bittercress Lepidium virginicum - Virginia Pepperweed Raphanus raphanistrum - Wild Radish

Bromeliaceae Tillandsia bartramii - Bartram's Airplant Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss

Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis – Cardinalflower

Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens - Coral Honeysuckle; Trumpet Honeysuckle

Caryophyllaceae Drymaria cordata - Drymary; West Indian Chickweed Stellaria media - Common Chickweed

Celastraceae Euonymus americanus - American Strawberrybush; Heart's A'Busting

Celtidaceae Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry; Hackberry

Clusiaceae Hypericum hypericoides - St. Andrew's Cross

Commelinaceae

10 Commelina communis - Asiatic Dayflower Commelina erecta - Whitemouth Dayflower Commelina virginica - Virginia Dayflower Murdannia nudiflora - Nakedstem Dewflower Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis - Bluejacket; Ohio Spiderwort

Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium - Hedge False Bindweed Cuscuta gronovii - Scaldweed Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Ipomoea cairica - Mile A Minute Vine Ipomoea cordatotriloba - Tievine Ipomoea hederifolia - Scarletcreeper Ipomoea pandurata - Man of the Earth Merremia dissecta - Noyau Vine

Cornaceae Cornus asperifolia - Roughleaf Dogwood Cornus florida - Flowering Dogwood Cornus foemina - Swamp Dogwood; Stiff Dogwood Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora - Swamp Tupelo

Cucurbitaceae Melothria pendula - Creeping Cucumber

Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Taxodium distichum - Bald Cypress

Cyperaceae Carex comosa - Longhair Sedge Carex fissa var. aristata - Hammock Sedge Carex intumescens - Greater Bladder Sedge Cyperus croceus - Baldwin’s Flatsedge Cyperus surinamensis - Tropical Flatsedge Rhynchospora miliacea - Millet Beaksedge Scleria triglomerata - Tall Nutgrass; Whip Nutrush

Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum - var. pseudocaudatum Tailed Bracken Fern

Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam

11

Dryopteridaceae Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides - Southern Lady Fern Dryopteris ludoviciana - Southern Wood Fern

Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana - Common Persimmon

Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus pungens - Silverthorn; Thorny Olive

Ericaceae Vaccinium arboreum - Sparkleberry; Farkleberry

Euphorbiaceae Acalypha gracilens - Slender Threeseed Murcury Aleurites fordii - Tungoil Tree Chamaesyce hirta - Pillpod Sandmat Cnidoscolus stimulosus - Tread Softly; Finger Rot Poinsettia cyathophora - Paintedleaf; Fire on the Mountain Sapium sebiferum - Popcorntree; Chinese Tallowtree

Fabaceae Apios americana - Groundnut Aeschynomene americana - Shyleaf Albizia julibrissin - Silktree; Mimosa Amorpha fruticosa - Bastard Indigobush; False Indigobush Cercis canadensis - Eastern Redbud Crotalaria pallida - var. obovata Smooth Rattlebox Crotalaria spectabilis - Showy Rattlebox Desmodium incanum - Zarzabacoa comun Desmodium tortuosum - Dixie Ticktrefoil Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean; Cherokee Bean Galactia volubilis - Downy Milkpea Indigofera hirsuta - Hairy Indigo Indigofera spicata - Trailing Indigo Leucaena leucocephala - White Leadtree Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Medicago polymorpha - Burr Clover Phaseolus polystachios - Thicket Bean Sesbania vesicaria - Bladderpod; Bagpod Trifolium repens - White Clover; Dutch Clover Vicia acutifolia - Fourleaf Vetch Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Wisteria sinensis - Chinese Wisteria

12

Fagaceae Quercus austrina - Bastard White Oak Quercus falcata - Spanish Oak; Southern Red Oak Quercus geminata - Sand Live Oak Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak; Swamp Chestnut Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus shumardii - Shumard's Oak Quercus virginiana - Live oak

Fumariaceae Corydalis micrantha subsp. australis - Smallflower Fumewort

Gelsemiaceae Gelsemium sempervirens - Yellow Jessamine; Carolina Jessamine

Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill

Haloragaceae Myriophyllum aquaticum - Parrotfeather Water Milfoil

Hydrangeaceae Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine; Climbing Hydrangea; Woodvamp

Iridaceae Iris hexagona - Dixie Iris; Prairie Iris Sisyrinchium sp. - Blue-eyed Grass

Iteaceae Itea virginica - Virginia Willow; Virginia Sweetspire

Juglandaceae Carya alba - Mockernut Hickory Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory

Juncaceae Juncus effusus subsp. solutus - Soft Rush

Lamiaceae Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Collinsonia serotina - Blueridge Horsebalm Hyptis mutabilis - Tropical Bushmint

13 Lamium amplexicaule - Henbit Deadnettle Lycopus rubellus - Taperleaf Water Horehound Salvia lyrata - Lyreleaf Sage Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle; Florida Betony Teucrium canadense - Woodsage; Canadian Germander Trichostema dichotomum - Forked Bluecurls

Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree Persea borbonia - Red Bay Persea palustris - Swamp Bay

Lythraceae Decodon verticillatus - Willow Herb; Swamp Loosestrife Lagerstroemia indica - Crapemyrtle

Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Magnolia virginiana - Sweetbay

Malvaceae Sida acuta - Common Wireweed; Common Fanpetals Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute; Indian Hemp Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Urena lobata - Caesarweed

Meliaceae Melia azedarach - Chinaberry Tree

Menispermaceae Cocculus carolinus - Carolina Coralbead

Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera - Paper Mulberry Morus alba - White Mulberry Morus rubra - Red Mulberry

Myricaceae Myrica cerifera - Southern Bayberry; Wax Myrtle

Myrsinaceae Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat

Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis sp. – Swordfern

14

Nymphaeaceae Nuphar advena - Spatterdock; Yellow Pondlily

Oleaceae Fraxinus americana - White Ash Fraxinus caroliniana - Carolina Ash; Water Ash; Pop Ash Ligustrum japonicum - Japanese Privet Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet Osmanthus americanus - Wild Olive; American Devilwood

Onagraceae Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Oenothera biennis - Common Eveningprimrose

Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum - Rattlesnake Fern

Osmundaceae Osmunda cinnamomea - Cinnamon Fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern

Oxalidaceae Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata - Common Yellow Woodsorrel; Creeping Woodsorrel Oxalis latifolia - Broadleaf Woodsorrel

Passifloraceae Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower

Petiveriaceae Petiveria alliacea - Guinea Hen Weed Rivina humilis – Rougeplant

Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthus urinaria - Chamber Bitter

Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed

Pinaceae Pinus elliottii - Slash Pine Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine

15

Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata - English Plantain; Narrowleaf Plantain

Poaceae Andropogon glomeratus - Bushy Bluestem Arundinaria gigantea - Switchcane Arundo donax - Giant Reed Chasmanthium laxum - Slender Woodoats Dichanthelium commutatum - Witchgrass Eleusine indica - Indian Goosegrass Imperata cylindrica - Cogongrass Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass; Basketgrass Panicum maximum - Guineagrass Paspalum urvillei - Vaseygrass Phyllostachys aurea - Golden Bamboo Poa annua - Annual Bluegrass Setaria sp. - Bristlegrass Sporobolus indicus - Smutgrass Stenotaphrum secundatum - St. Augustine Grass Zizaniopsis miliacea - Southern Wild Rice; Giant Cutgrass

Podocarpaceae Podocarpus macrophyllus - Yew Plumpine

Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus - Coral Vine; Queen's Jewels Polygonum sp. - Knotweed Rumex verticillatus - Swamp Dock

Polypodiaceae Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern

Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes - Common Water Hyacinth Pontederia cordata – Pickerelweed

Ranunculaceae Clematis catesbyana- Satincurls Clematis crispa - Swamp Leather-Flower Clematis reticulata - Netleaf Leather-Flower Clematis terniflora - Sweet Autumn Virginsbower Clematis virginiana - Virginsbower Ranunculus sp. - Buttercup

16 Rhamnaceae Berchemia scandens - Alabama Supplejack; Rattan Vine Rhamnus caroliniana - Carolina Buckthorn Sageretia minutiflora - Smallflower Mock Buckthorn

Rosaceae Crataegus flava - Yellowleaf Hawthorne Crataegus marshallii - Parsley Hawthorne Crataegus uniflora - Dwarf Hawthorne Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Prunus umbellata - Flatwoods Plum; Hog Plum Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius - Sand Blackberry Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry

Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Diodia teres - Poor Joe; Rough Buttonweed Galium aparine - Goosegrass; Spring Cleavers; Stickywilly Galium hispidulum - Coastal Bedstraw Galium uniflorum - Oneflower Bedstraw Mitchella repens - Partridgeberry; Twinberry Oldenlandia corymbosa - Flattop Mille Graines Oldenlandia uniflora - Clustered Mille Graines Richardia brasiliensis - Tropical Mexican Clover Spermacoce assurgens - Woodland False Buttonweed

Ruscaceae Liriope spicata - Monkey Grass; Border Grass Polygonatum biflorum - Smooth Solomon's Seal Sansevieria hyacinthoides - Bowstring Hemp; Mother in Law's Tongue

Rutaceae Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Ptelea trifoliata - Common Hoptree; Wafer Ash Severinia buxifolia - Chinese Boxorange

Salicaceae Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow; Coastal Plain Willow

Salviniaceae Salvinia minima - Water Spangles

17 Sapindaceae Acer rubrum - Red Maple Acer saccharum - subsp. floridanum - Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Sapindus saponaria – Soapberry

Sapotaceae Sideroxylon lanuginosum - Gum Bully Sideroxylon reclinatum - Florida Bully

Saururaceae Saururus cernuus - Lizard's Tail

Schizeaceae Lygodium japonicum - Japanese Climbing Fern

Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima - Tree of Heaven

Smilacaceae Smilax auriculata - Earleaf Greenbriar Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar; Wild Sarsaparilla Smilax lasioneuron - Blueridge Carrionflower Smilax pumila - Sarsaparilla Vine Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine; Lanceleaf Greenbriar Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar; Hogbrier

Solanaceae Physalis angulata - Cutleaf Groundcherry Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade

Tetrachondraceae Polypremum procumbens - Rustweed; Juniperleaf

Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern; Southern Shieldfern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Marsh Fern

Trilliaceae Trillium maculatum - Spotted Wakerobin

Typhaceae Typha latifolia - Broadleaf Cattail

18 Ulmaceae Ulmus alata - Winged Elm Ulmus americana - American Elm

Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica - False Nettle; Bog Hemp Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parietaria praetermissa - Clustered Pellitory Pilea microphylla - Artillery Plant; Rockweed

Verbenaceae Lantana camara - Lantana; Shrubverbena Phyla nodiflora - Turkey Tangle Fogfruit; Capeweed

Violaceae Viola palmata - Early Blue Violet Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Viola walteri - Prostrate Blue Violet

Viscaceae Phoradendron leucocarpum - Oak Mistletoe

Vitaceae Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper; Woodbine Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape

19 Bartram Car Woods Natural Area

Bartram Car Woods is a nine acre conservation area located just south of Bartram and Carr Halls, east of the Psychology building, and west of Newell Drive. The land slopes southwards towards a creek that lies just within the southern edge of the property. This creek flows westward to Lake Alice. The property lies between the main areas of campus and the medical center, as evidenced by the numerous footpaths created by students and employees cutting through the property. This conservation area supports a mesic upland mixed hardwood forest, whose understory is seriously encroached upon by non-native species. The eastern third of the property has a grassy understory and is used as a parking area. Despite the abundance of exotic plants in these woods, the property, with a variety of large trees, offers a much needed open space on this part of campus.

We documented 142 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 68% are native to Florida. Sixteen non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Non-native Species. Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine), endangered in Florida, was documented here. Just below the Botany Department greenhouse there are numerous individuals (both native and exotic) planted for teaching purposes. We did not include these in our inventory.

The southern mixed hardwoods canopy is dominated by Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Quercus shumardii (Shumard’s Oak) and Quercus virginiana (Live Oak). Also present are Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Fraxinus americana (White Ash), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Morus rubra (Red Mulberry), Persea borbonia (Red Bay), Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm).

20 Native understory shrubs, vines and herbaceous species include Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Cocculus carolinus (Carolina coralbead), Cornus asperifolia (Roughleaf Dogwood), Crataegus uniflora (Dwarf Hawthorne), Elephantopus carolinianus (Carolina Elephantsfoot), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Eupatorium capillifolium (Dogfennel), Ilex vomitoria (Yaupon), Oplismenus hirtellus (Woodsgrass), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed), Pleopeltis polypodioides (Resurrection Fern), Ruellia caroliniensis (Carolina Wild Petunia), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm), various Smilax species (Greenbriar), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), and Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape).

Bartram Car Woods harbors a large variety and number of exotic species. Non-native trees common throughout include Cinnamomum camphora (Camphortree) and Ligustrum lucidum. Occasionally found were Ehretia acuminata (Koda Wood), Lagerstroemia indica (Crapemyrtle), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry Tree), Pistachia chinensis (Chinese Pistachio) and Podocarpus macrophyllus (Yew Plumpine). The understory is dominated by a suite of invasive exotics, most notably Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) and Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine). In places these species have completely taken over: Ardisia at the ground level, and the vines covering the ground, small shrubs, and climbing up many of the trees. Other less abundant non-native shrubs and vines include Ipomoea cairica (Mile a Minute Vine), Lantana camara (Lantana, quite common at edges of property) and Lygodium japonicum (Japanese Climbing Fern, at western end of area). Colocasia esculenta (Wild Yam) is common in the steam running along the southern end of the property.

Despite the abundance of exotic invasive plants in this natural area, a few noteworthy natives manage to persist. These include Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon, an uncommon species), Clematis catesbyana (Satincurls, an uncommon species), Cocculus carolinus (Carolina Coralbead, an uncommon species, located in the small strip just below Bartram and Carr Halls and in the western part of the natural area) and Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, endangered-FL, in western part of natural area).

21 Trees recorded in Bartram Car Woods Natural Area:

Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Broussonetia papyrifera - Paper Mulberry * EPPC(II) Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cercis canadensis - Eastern Redbud Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Cornus foemina - Swamp Dogwood Cornus asperifolia - Roughleaf Dogwood Diospyros virginiana - Common Persimmon Ehretia acuminata - Koda Wood Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus americana - White Ash Ilex vomitoria - Yaupon Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Leucaena leucocephala - White Leadtree * EPPC(II) Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia Melia azedarach Chinaberry Tree * EPPC(II) Morus rubra - Red Mulberry Persea borbonia - Red Bay Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Pistachia chinensis - Chinese Pistachio Podocarpus macrophyllus - Yew Plumpvine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina Black Cherry Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus austrina - Bastard White Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus shumardii Shumard's Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Rhamnus caroliniana - Carolina Buckthorn Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm

22 Shrubs, vines and herbs: Aeschynomene americana - Shyleaf Amaranthus sp. - Amaranth Amorpha fruticosa - Bastard Indigobush Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Andropogon glomeratus - Bushy Bluestem Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Calyptocarpus vialis - Straggler Daisy Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Cardamine sp. - Bittercress Chaerophyllum tainturieri - Hairyfruit Chervil Chamaesyce hirta - Pillpod Sandmat Chasmanthium laxum - Slender Woodoats Clematis catesbyana - Satincurls Cocculus carolinus - Carolina Coralbead Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Commelina sp. - Dayflower Crataegus uniflora - Dwarf Hawthorne Crotalaria sp. - Rattlebox Crotalaria pallida var. obovata - Smooth Rattlebox Cyperus sp. - Flatsedge Desmodium incanum - Zarzabacoa Comun Desmodium tortuosum - Dixie Ticktrefoil Dichanthelium commutatum - Variable Witchgrass Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Diodia teres - Poor Joe Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato * EPPC(I) Drymaria cordata - Drymary Elephantopus carolinianus - Carolina Elephantsfoot Eleusine indica - Indian Goosegrass Emilia fosbergii - Florida Tasselflower Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Galactia volubilis - Downy Milkpea Galium aparine - Goosegrass Gamochaeta sp. - Everlasting Hyptis mutabilis - Tropical Bushmint Indigofera hirsuta - Hairy Indigo Indigofera spicata - Trailing Indigo Ipomoea cairica - Mile A Minute Vine Ipomoea cordatotriloba - Tievine Lagerstroemia indica - Crapemyrtle

23 Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lonicera sempervirens - Coral Honeysuckle Lygodium japonicum - Japanese Climbing Fern * EPPC(I) Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine (Endangered – FL) Nephrolepis sp. - Swordfern Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Oxalis corniculata - Common Yellow Woodsorrel Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Panicum maximum - Guineagrass * EPPC(II) Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parietaria praetermissa - Clustered Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower Phoradendron leucarpum - Oak Mistletoe Phyllanthus urinaria - Chamber Bitter Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Poinsettia cyathophora - Paintedleaf Rivina humilis - Rougeplant Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Ruellia tweediana - Britton's Wild Petunia * EPPC(I) Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Salvia lyrata - Lyreleaf Sage Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Severinia buxifolia - Chinese Boxorange Sida acuta - Common Wireweed Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Sisyrinchium sp. - Blueeyed Grass Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jacksonvine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Sporobolus indicus - Smutgrass Stenotaphrum secundatum - St. Augustine Grass Symphyotrichum dumosum - Rice Button Aster Taraxacum officinale - Common Dandelion Thelyptreis sp. - Maiden Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I)

24 Trifolium repens - White Clover Urena lobata - Caesarweed * EPPC(II) Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

25 Bivens Rim Forest East Natural Area

Bivens Rim Forest East Natural Area is a 40 acre property located in the southern part of the main UF campus, south of SW 16th Ave., east of the UF Veterinary School, and bordered on the south by the shoreline of Bivens Arm. The property is bisected by Tumbling Creek as it flows into Bivens Arm, and is characterized by bottomland hardwood forest along the creek and near the lake, a higher elevation mixed hardwood hammock in the western portion and on the eastern edge of the property, and at the extreme southern end a marsh associated with the lake. This conservation area is relatively undisturbed and houses a variety of native plant species. Particularly impressive is the hydric bottomland forest, a quiet, primeval-seeming place in which the many large and beautiful Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo) trees hold sentry over the native herbs that grow beneath.

We documented 196 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 75% are native to Florida. Twenty non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. One species found here, Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine) is endangered in Florida.

The mesic upland canopy is dominated by Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), and Quercus virginiana (Live Oak). Also present are Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon), Fraxinus caroliniana (Carolina Ash), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm). The understory is dominated by a variety of native species. Shrubs, herbaceous plants and vines documented in this natural area include Asplenium platyneuron (Ebony Spleenwort), Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper),

26 Clematis catesbyana (Satin Curls), Erythrhina herbacea (Coralbean), Gelsemium sempervirens (Yellow Jessamine), Hypericum hypericoides (St. Andrew’s Cross), Lepidium virginicum (Virginia pepperweed), Lonicera sempervirens (coral honeysuckle), Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Phytolacca americana var rigida (American Pokeweed), Rubus argutus (Sawtooth Blackberry), Rubus trivialis (Southern Dewberry), Sanicula canadensis (Canadian Blacksnakeroot), several Smilax species (Greenbriar), Stachys floridana (Florida Betony) Tillandsia recurvata (Ballmoss), Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss), Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape), and Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape).

The hydric bottomland forest is dominated by Acer negundo (Box Elder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Cornus foemina, (Swamp Dogwood), Fraxinus caroliniana (Carolina Ash), Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo), Quercus laurifolia (Diamond Leaf Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm). Itea virginica (Virginia willow), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow), Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress), Tilia americana var. caroliniana (Carolina Basswood), and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm) are also present. Understory shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants include Apios americana (Groundnut), Arundinaria gigantea (Switchcane), Carex comosa (Longhair Sedge), Carex fissa (Hammock Sedge), Chasmanthium laxum (Slender woodoats), Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), Decumaria barbara (Climbing Hydrangea), Mikania scandens (Climbing hempvine), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern), Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Royal Fern), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm, a characteristic species of floodplains), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Saururus cernuus (Lizard's Tail), Smilax spp. (Greenbriar), Thelypteris kunthii (Southern Shield Fern), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy) and Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern).

The small strip of marsh lying just north of the lake is typified by species including Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Acer negundo (Boxelder, small trees only), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Hydrocotyle ranunculiodes (Floating Marshpennywort),

27 Hydrocotyle umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Lemna spp. (Duckweed), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Nuphar advena (Spatterdock), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Typha latifolia (Broadleaf Cattail) and Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice).

This conservation area is relatively undisturbed and houses a variety of native species. However, as in all the campus natural areas, several exotic species were documented. The eastern edge of the property is the most degraded, with large populations of Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine), Ruellia tweediana (Britton's Wild Petunia) and Tradescantia fluminensis (Small-leaf Spiderwort) found just west of Hope Lodge. Also encountered, but in fewer numbers, were Albizia julibrissin (Silktree), Citrus x aurantium (Sour Orange), Disocorea bulbifera (Air Potato), Elaeagnus pungens (Silverthorn), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), Imperata cylindrica (Cogongrass), Lantana camara (Lantana), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet), Ligustrum sinense (Chinese Privet) and Syngonium podophyllum (American Evergreen). Four species that have not been documented as naturalized in Alachua county were found growing on the east side of the property in the vicinity of Hope Lodge: Asparagus virgatus (Tiki Fern, this may be a new record for the state) which appears to be persisting and spreading vegetatively from a neighboring property, Ilex cornuta (Chinese Holly), Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese Privet), and Viburnum odoratissimum (Sweet Viburnum). Non-native species commonly seen in the marsh along the lakeshore were: Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Eichhornia crassipes (Common Water-hyacinth), Landoltia punctata (Dotted Duckweed) and Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce).

Noteworthy species found in the mesic upland hammock understory include Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species), the Florida endangered Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine) and Rivina humilis (Rougeplant, at the northern edge of its range). The hydric hammock houses a number of noteworthy species: Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon, an uncommon species), Iris hexagona (Dixie Iris, one of our most showy natives), Orontium aquaticum (Goldenclub, uncommon and very showy) and Tillandsia bartramii (Bartram's airplant, uncommon and characteristic of

28 undisturbed hydric hammocks). Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice, an uncommon species) occurs along the lake edge.

Trees recorded in Bivens Rim Forest East Area: Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Albizia julibrissin - Silktree * EPPC(I) Butia capitata - Wine Palm Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya alba - Mockernut Hickory Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Cornus foemina - Swamp Dogwood Diospyros virginiana - Common Persimmon Ehretia acuminata - Koda Wood Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus caroliniana - Carolina Ash Ilex opaca - American Holly Ilex vomitoria - Yaupon Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum japonicum - Japanese Privet Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Magnolia virginiana - Sweetbay Melia azedarach - Chinaberry Tree * EPPC(II) Morus rubra - Red Mulberry Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora - Swamp Tupelo Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Quercus hemisphaerica- Upland Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm

29 Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow Taxodium distichum - Bald Cypress Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm Ulmus americana - American Elm

Shrubs, vines, and herbs:

Amaranthus australis - Southern Amaranth Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common Ragweed Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Apios americana - Groundnut Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat* EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Arundinaria gigantea - Switchcane Asparagus virgatus - Tiki Fern Asplenium platyneuron - Ebony Spleenwort Baccharis halimifolia - Groundsel Tree Bidens bipinnata - Spanish Needles Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarsticks Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Boehmeria cylindrica - Falsenettle Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Cardamine sp. - Bittercress Carex comosa - Longhair Sedge Carex fissa var. aristata - Hammock Sedge Carex intumescens - Greater Bladder Sedge Chaerophyllum tainturieri - Hairyfruit Chervil Chasmanthium sp. - Woodoats Chasmanthium laxum - Slender Woodoats Cicuta maculata - Spotted Water Hemlock Cirsium sp. - Thistle Clematis catesbyana - Satincurls Cnidoscolus stimulosus - Tread Softly Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Commelina erecta - Whitemouth Dayflower Commelina virginica - Virginia Dayflower Corydalis micrantha subsp. australis - Smallflower Fumewort Crataegus uniflora - Dwarf Hawthorne Crinum asiaticum - Poisonbulb Cyclospermum leptophyllum - Marsh Parsley Cyperus sp. - Flatsedge Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine

30 Desmodium sp. - Ticktrefoil Desmodium incanum - Zarzabacoa comun Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato * EPPC(I) Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Drymaria cordata - Drymary Eclipta prostrata - False Daisy Eichhornia crassipes - Common Water Hyacinth* EPPC(I) Elaeagnus pungens - Silverthorn * EPPC(II) Elephantopus carolinianus - Carolina Elephantsfoot Erechtites hieraciifolius - American Burnweed Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Eupatorium sp. - Thoroughwort Galactia sp. - Milkpea Galium aparine - Goosegrass Galium hispidulum - Coastal Bedstraw Gamochaeta pensylvanica - Pennsylvania Everlasting Gelsemium sempervirens - Yellow Jessamine Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Hedera helix - English Ivy Hieracium sp. - Hawkweed Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - Floating Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata - Whorled Marshpennywort Hypericum hypericoides - St. Andrew's Cross Hyptis mutabilis - Tropical Bushmint Ilex cornuta- Chinese Holly Ilex cassine - Dahoon Holly Imperata cylindrica - Cogongrass* EPPC(I) Ipomoea sp. - Morning Glory Ipomoea cairica Mile A Minute Vine Iris hexagona - Dixie Iris Lactuca graminifolia - Grassleaf Lettuce Landoltia punctata - Dotted Duckweed Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lemna spp. - Duckweed Lepidium virginicum - Virginia Pepperweed Lonicera sempervirens - Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle * EPPC(I) Ludwigia sp. - Primrosewillow Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine (Endangered – FL) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Melanthera nivea - Snow Squarestem Mikania cordifolia - Florida Keys Hempvine

31 Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Mitchella repens - Partridgeberry Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Orontium aquaticum - Goldenclub Osmunda cinnamomea - Cinnamon Fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern Oxalis corniculata - Common Yellow Woodsorrel Oxalis latifolia - Broadleaf Woodsorrel Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Phoradendron leucarpum - Oak Mistletoe Physalis angulata - Cutleaf Groundcherry Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed Pistia stratiotes - Water Lettuce * EPPC(I) Plantago lanceolata - English Plantain Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Poa annua - Annual Bluegrass Polygonum sp. - Knotweed Ranunculus sp. - Buttercup Rivina humilis - Rougeplant Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius - Sand Blackberry Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Ruellia tweediana - Britton's Wild Petunia * EPPC(I) Rumex verticillatus - Swamp Dock Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Sansevieria hyacinthoides - Bowstring Hemp* EPPC(II) Saururus cernuus - Lizard's Tail Sesbania vesicaria - Bladderpod Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Sideroxylon reclinatum - Florida Bully Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Solidago sp. - Goldenrod Sonchus asper - Spiny Sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Syngonium podophyllum - American Evergreen * EPPC(I) Teucrium canadense - Woodsage Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern

32 Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Marsh Fern Tillandsia bartramii - Bartram's Airplant Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Tradescantia fluminensis Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I) Trichostema dichotomum - Forked Bluecurls Typha latifolia - Broadleaf Cattail Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Viburnum odoratissimum - Sweet Viburnum Viburnum obovatum - Walter's Viburnum Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Xanthosoma sagittifolium - Arrowleaf Elephantear * EPPC(II) Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard Zizaniopsis miliacea - Southern Wild Rice

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

33 Bivens Rim Forest Natural Area

Bivens Rim Forest Natural Area is a nine acre property located in the southern part of the main UF campus bordering the north shore of Bivens Arm. An intermittent creek bisects the conservation area and drains into Bivens Arm at the southern end of the property. The property houses an Agronomy Unit with associated fields and buildings. A hydric bottomland hardwood forest inhabits the low lying land near the lake, and grades into the mesic hammock which is located southeast of the property. A marsh is associated with the lake at its shoreline. In the northern (upland) part of the property, the creek is flanked on both sides by a narrow strip of trees and bushes beyond which the land is cleared on both sides. For this inventory of vascular plants we concentrated on the wooded areas and marsh, which represent the natural communities of this conservation area.

We documented 66 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 76% are native to Florida. Five non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species.

Common trees and shrubs in the hammock (bottomland hydric forest grading into a mesic hammock) include Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Itea virginica (Virginia willow), Liquidambar syraciflua (Sweetgum), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus laurifolia (Diamond Leaf Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm) and Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow). Low shrubs, vines herbaceous plants and ferns include Carex spp. (Sedge), Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Royal Fern), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper), Pleopeltis polypodioides (Resurrection Fern), Rubus argutus (Sawtooth Blackberry), Saururus cernuus (Lizard's Tail), Smilax spp. (Greenbriar), Thelypteris palustris (Marsh Fern), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape) and Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern).

34 The small strip of marsh adjoining the lake is typified by species including Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Hydrocotyle ranunculiodes (Floating Marshpennywort), Hydrocotyle umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Lemna spp. (Duckweed), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Nuphar advena (Spatterdock), Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Typha latifolia (Broadleaf Cattail) and Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice).

The upland creek is flanked by a mix of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, including Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Arundinaria gigantea (Switchcane), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Juncus effusus subsp. solutus (Soft Rush), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet), Liquidambar syraciflua (Sweetgum), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Prunus carloiniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Prunus umbellata (Flatwoods Plum), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak), Rubus argutus (Sawtooth Blackberry), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow), several Smilax species (Greenbriar) and Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy).

The areas surveyed at Bivens Rim Forest Natural Area contains the following non- native species: Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat, very common in woods), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro, in marsh), Cinnamomum camphora (Camphortree, found throughout), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet, along creek), and Ludwigia peruviana (Peruvian Primrosewillow, along creek). Where found these species are not dominant.

Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice, an uncommon species) was the only noteworthy species encountered in this natural area.

35 Trees recorded at Bivens Rim Forest Natural Area: Acer rubrum - Red Maple Butia capitata - Wine Palm Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet* EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Prunus umbellata - Flatwoods Cherry Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus virginiana - Live oak Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow

Shrubs, vines and herbs: Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arundinaria gigantea - Switchcane Arundo donax - Giant Reed Asplenium platyneuron - Ebony Spleenwort Carex spp. - Sedge Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Galium aparine - Goosegrass Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - Floating Marshpennywort Juncus effusus subsp. solutus - Soft Rush Lemna spp. - Duckweed Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle * EPPC(I) Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Nuphar advena - Spatterdock Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern Oxalis corniculata - Common Yellow Woodsorrel Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Poa annua - Annual Bluegrass Pontederia cordata - Pickerelweed

36 Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Salvinia minima - Water Spangles Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Saururus cernuus - Lizard’s Tail Smilax auriculata - Earleaf Greenbriar Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Sonchus asper - Spiny Sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Stellaria media - Common Chickweed Symphyotrichum carolinianum - Climbing Aster Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Marsh Fern Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Typha latifolia - Broadleaf Cattail Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard Zizaniopsis miliacea - Southern Wild Rice * Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

37 Fraternity Wetland Natural Area

Fraternity Wetland Natural Area, a six acre conservation area in the Lake Alice watershed, is surrounded to the north, west and south by Fraternity Row and to the east by Woodlawn Drive. A stream fed by storm water culverts and runoff from neighboring areas runs the length of the property, ultimately draining into Lake Alice to the south. The conservation area contains a narrow strip of bottomland hardwood hammock on either side of the stream. This grades into a mesic upland mixed hardwood forest that comprises the majority of the natural area. Fraternity Wetland is not a pristine natural area (particularly when compared to Harmonic Woods to the west). There is a large amount of trash at the western edge adjoining the fraternities and we documented a number of non-native plant species, particularly at its edges of the natural area. Despite this, as one enters the heart of this small conservation area, the woods opens up, the exotic species become less prominent, and a variety of Florida native plants await.

We documented 112 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 80% are native to Florida. Ten non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (Southern Lady Fern), which is threatened in Florida, was found here.

The lowland hydric forest bordering the creek is dominated by Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), and Quercus nigra (Water Oak). Also present are Magnolia virginiana (Sweetbay), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow, in open areas) and Tilia americana var caroliniana (Carolina basswood). Low shrubs, vines, herbaceous plants and ferns found in and near the stream include Ampelopsis arborea (Peppervine), Arisaema triphyllum (Jack in the Pulpit), Decumaria barbara (Climbing Hydrangea), Hydrocotlye spp. (Marshpennywort), Itea virginica (Virginia Willow), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm, a characteristic floodplain species), Salvia lyrata (Lyreleaf Sage), Sambucus nigra

38 subsp. canadensis (Elderberry, in open areas), Thelypteris kunthii (Widespread Maiden Fern), Thelypteris palustris (Marsh Fern), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape) and Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern).

The upland hardwood forest canopy is dominated by Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Pinus elliottii (Slash Pine), Tilia americana var caroliniana (Carolina basswood) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). Also found here are Juniperus virginiana (Red Cedar), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Quercus shumardii (Shumard’s Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak) and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm). Understory natives encountered in the mesic hammock include Ampelopsis arborea (Peppervine), Aralia spinosa (Devil’s walkingstick), Asimina parviflora (Smallflower Pawpaw), Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry), Oplismenus hirtellus (Woodsgrass), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Passiflora lutea (Yellow Passionflower), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed), Pleopeltis polypodioides (Resurrection Fern), several Smilax species (Greenbriar), Stachys floridana (Florida Betony), Symphyotrichum dumosum (Rice Button Aster), Tillandsia recurvata (Ballmoss), Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), Viola palmata (Early Blue Violet), Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet), Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape), Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape) Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern) and Woodwardia virginiana (Virginia Chain Fern). .

Fraternity Wetlands is comprised of a mix of native and exotic species. The edges of the natural area in particular harbor large populations of non-native plants. These include Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Disocorea bulbifera (Air Potato), Hedera helix (English Ivy), Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine), Tradescantia fluminensis (Small-leaf

39 Spiderwort), and Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet). Non-native species present in less abundance include: Citrus x aurantium (Sour Orange), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro, in stream), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), Lantana camara (Lantana), Liriope spicata (Bordergrass, one population on the southwest corner of the property), Ludwigia peruviana (Peruvian Primrosewillow, in wet open areas), Syngonium podophyllum (American Evergreen), and Urena lobata (Caesarweed).

Despite the encroachment of many exotic plant species into this natural area, Fraternity Wetland houses a diversity of native flora, which includes the following species of note: Arisaema draconitum (Greendragon, an uncommon species), Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (Southern Lady Fern, Threatened FL, at the southern limit of its range) and Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species).

Trees recorded in Fraternity Wetland Natural Area: Acer rubrum - Red Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Magnolia virginiana - Sweetbay Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Pinus elliottii - Slash Pine Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Ptelea trifoliata - Common Hoptree Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus shumardii - Shumard’s Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm

40 Salix caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs: Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common Ragweed Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Aralia spinosa - Devil’s Walkingstick Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Asimina parviflora - Smallflower Pawpaw Athyrium filix-femina subsp asplenioides - Southern Lady Fern (Threatened – FL) Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Chamaesyce sp. - Sandmat Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Commelina sp. - Dayflower Cyperus sp. - Flatsedge Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine Desmodium sp. - Ticktrefoil Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato * EPPC(I) Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Drymaria cordata - Drymary Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Galium sp. - Bedstraw Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Hedera helix - English Ivy Hydrocotyle sp. - Marshpennywort Indigofera spicata - Trailing Indigo Ipomoea sp.- Morning Glory Ipomoea hederifolia - Scarlet Creeper Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Liriope spicata - Border Grass Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine* EPPC(I) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Melothria pendula - Creeping Cucumber Mitchella repens - Partridgeberry Murdannia nudiflora - Nakedstem Dewflower

41 Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower Phyla nodiflora - Turkey Tangle Fogfruit Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthus urinaria - Chamber Bitter Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Poinsettia cyathophora - Paintedleaf Polypremum procumbens - Rustweed Richardia brasiliensis - Tropical Mexican Clover Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Salvia lyrata - Lyreleaf Sage Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Solidago sp. - Goldenrod Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Symphyotrichum dumosum - Rice Button Aster Syngonium podophyllum - American Evergreen * EPPC(I) Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maidenfern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Marsh Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I) Tradescantia ohiensis - Bluejacket Urena lobata - Caesarweed* EPPC(II) Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola palmata - Early Blue Violet Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia- Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica - Virginia Chain Fern Xanthosoma sagittifolium - Arrowleaf Elephantear* EPPC(II) Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

42 Graham Woods Natural Area

Graham Woods Natural Area is a seven acre hardwood forest bordered to the north by Stadium Road, to the west by Flavet Field, to the south by Graham hall and to the east by Tolbert, Riker and Weaver Halls. The property slopes downwards towards the southeast and is bisected by an unnamed creek which drains to the south into Graham Pond. Graham Woods is comprised of two main plant communities. A hydric bottomland hardwood hammock covers the majority of the natural area, including the lower (southeastern) portion of the property and the central area that follows along the creek. This grades into the mesic upland mixed hardwood hammock found on the northwest and extreme eastern parts of the property. The understory of this conservation area is relatively undisturbed with the exception of the northern and northeastern edges, which harbor a variety and abundance of non-native species.

We documented 127 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 76% are native to Florida. Fourteen non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine), endangered in Florida, was documented here.

The hydric lowland forest bordering the creek is dominated by Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm). Also present are Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Magnolia virginiana (Sweetbay), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow, in open areas) and Tilia americana var caroliniana (Carolina basswood). Low shrubs, vines, herbaceous plants and ferns found in this area include Ampelopsis areborea (Peppervine), Arisaema triphyllum (Jack in the Pulpit), Decumaria barbara (Climbing Hydrangea), Hydrocotlye umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Itea virginica (Virginia Willow), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm, a

43 characteristic floodplain species), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry, in open areas), Saururus cernuus (Lizard’s Tail), Thelypteris kunthii (Widespread Maiden Fern), Toxicodendron radicans (Poison Ivy), Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape) and Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern).

The upland hardwood forest canopy is dominated by Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Ulmus alata (Winged Elm) and Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine). Also documented here were Juniperus virginiana (Red Cedar), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Tilia americana var caroliniana (Carolina basswood), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak) and Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm).

Low shrubs, vines, herbaceous plants and ferns encountered in the mesic hammock include Ampelopsis arborea (Peppervine), Asimina parviflora (Smallflower Pawpaw), Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Elephantopus carolinianus (Carolina Elephantsfoot), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Euonymus americanus (American Strawberrybush), Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine), Oplismenus hirtellus (Woodsgrass), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed), several Smilax species (Greenbriar), Stachys floridana (Florida Betony), Tillandsia usneiodes (Spanish moss), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape), Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape) Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern) and Woodwardia virginiana (Virginia Chain Fern).

The vegetation in the north and northeastern edges of Graham Woods is the most degraded, with large populations of Hedera helix (English Ivy), Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine) and Tradescantia fluminensis (Small-leaf Spiderwort) covering the ground, climbing into the canopy, and dominating the vegetation. Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) is common in open sunny areas. The following non-native species were also

44 found on the property: Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat, occasional), Cinnamomum camphora (Camphortree), Citrus x aurantium (Sour Orange), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Ehretia acuminata (Koda Wood, very common), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), Ipomoea cairica (Mile A Minute Vine), Lantana camara (Lantana), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet, common), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry Tree), Nephrolepis sp. (Swordfern) and Sapium sebiferum (Popcorntree).

In Graham Woods we observed the following noteworthy species: Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species) and Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, endangered-FL).

Trees recorded in Graham Woods Natural Area: Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Ailanthus altissima - Tree of Heaven Aleurites fordii - Tungoil Tree * EPPC(II) Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Catalpa bignonioides - Southern Catalpa Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Cercis canadensis - Eastern Redbud Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Ehretia acuminata - Koda Wood Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus americana - White Ash Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Magnolia virginiana - Sweetbay Melia azedarach - Chinaberry Tree * EPPC(II) Morus alba - White Mulberry Morus rubra - Red Mulberry Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora - Swamp Tupelo

45 Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Persea palustris - Swamp Bay Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Rhus copallinum - Winged Sumac Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry Sapium sebiferum - Popcorntree* EPPC(I) Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm Ulmus americana - American Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs recorded in Graham Woods Natural Area:

Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Aralia spinosa - Devil's Walkingstick Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Asimina parviflora - Smallflower Pawpaw Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarsticks Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Boehmeria cylindrica - False Nettle Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Cardamine sp. - Bittercress Carex sp. - Sedge Carex fissa var. aristata - Hammock Sedge Chasmanthium laxum - Slender Woodoats Chenopodium album - Lamb's Quarters Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Crataegus uniflora - Dwarf Hawthorne Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine Dichanthelium sp. - Witchgrass Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato* EPPC(I) Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Dryopteris ludoviciana - Southern Wood Fern Elaeagnus pungens - Silverthorn * EPPC(II) Elephantopus carolinianus - Carolina Elephantsfoot Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean

46 Euonymus americanus - American Strawberrybush Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Galium aparine - Goosegrass Galium hispidulum - Coastal Bedstraw Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Hedera helix - English Ivy Hydrocotyle sp. Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Ipomoea cairica - Mile A Minute Vine Ipomoea cordatotriloba - Tievine Lamium amplexicaule - Henbit Deadnettle Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lepidium virginicum - Virginia Pepperweed Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine (Endangered – FL) Mikania sp. - Hempvine Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Nephrolepis sp. - Swordfern Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royalfern Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Saururus cernuus - Lizard's Tail Severinia buxifolia - Chinese Boxorange Sida rhombifolia - Indian Hemp Smilax auriculata - Earleaf Greenbriar Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar; Hogbrier Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Sonchus asper - Spiny Sowthistle Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I)

47 Tradescantia ohiensis - Bluejacket Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Viburnum nudum - Possumhaw Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica - Virginia Chain Fern Xanthosoma sagittifolium - Arrowleaf Elephantear * EPPC(II) Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

48 Harmonic Woods

Harmonic Woods Conservation Area is comprised of nine acres of land just north of Lake Alice, bordered by Village Drive to the west, Fraternity Drive to the east, and to the north by West Fraternity Drive. This small piece of land located on the UF main campus houses a diverse, mature upland mixed hardwood forest supporting many large and beautiful trees, subtended by a mix of native shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants. The land slopes towards the southwest and the lake; the lower slope and bottom southwestern corner are somewhat wetter than the upland areas to the north and east. Many small paths cross the property, and are utilized by students living in the surrounding fraternities and dorms.

We Documented 181 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 81% are native to Florida. Fourteen non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, endangered-FL) and Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (Southern Lady Fern, threatened FL) were documented in this natural area.

The canopy is dominated by Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Tilia americana var. caroliniana (Carolina Basswood) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). Also present are Acer negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud), Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood), Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon), Fraxinus americana (White Ash), Juniperis virginiana (Red Cedar), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Morus rubra (Red Mulberry), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Prunus umbellata (Black Cherry), Quercus austrina (Bastard White Oak), Quercus michauxii

49 (Basket Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Sapindus saponaria (Soapberry), and Ulmus americana (American Elm).

The understory is dominated by native species and houses a great diversity of small shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants. These include Aesculus pavia (Red Buckeye), Apios americana (Groundnut), Aralia spinosa (Devil’s Walking Stick), Arundinaria gigantea (Switchcane), Asplenium platyneuron (Ebony Spleenwort), Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Boehmaria cylindrica (False Nettle), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Clematis reticulata (Netleaf Leatherflower), Crategus uniflora (Dwarf Hawthorne), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Euonymus americanus (American Strawberry Bush), Gelsemium sempervirens (Yellow Jessamine), Hypericum hypericoides (St. Andrew’s Cross), Ilex vomitoria (Yaupon), Ipomoea cordatotriloba (Tievine), Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Oplismenus hirtellus (Woodsgrass), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed), Rubus trivialis (Southern Dewberry), Ruellia carolinense (Carolina Wild Petunia), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm, found in the wetter areas), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Sideroxylon lanuginosum (Gum Bully), various Smilax species (Greenbriar), Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish Moss), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Trillium maculatum (Spotted Wakerobin), Vaccinium arboreum (Sparkleberry), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), Viola palmata (Early Blue Violet), Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet), Viola walteri (Prostrate Blue Violet), Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape), and Yucca filamentosa (Adam’s Needle).

Portions of this beautiful, mature forest are being encroached upon by non-native species. The most problematic areas include the southwest corner (on the moist lower slopes and in the lower elevations), the western edge and along the disturbed, extreme northern boundary. Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat) is the worst offender: this species is found scattered throughout the forest, and in great abundance in the southwestern, wetter parts of the property and at the north edge. In places along the bottom half of the slope on the western half of the property, Ardisia dominates the understory This monoculture

50 is moving up the slope and beginning to invade the small swale part-way up the slope that houses populations of Polygonatum biflorum (Smooth Solomon's Seal), Trillium maculatum (Spotted Wakerobin) and Smilax lasioneuron (Blueridge Carrionflower). Also found in these wetter areas but in less abundance are Elaeagnus pungens (Silverthorn), Hedera helix (English Ivy), Liriope spicata (Border Grass), Macfadyana unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine), Nandina domestica (Heavenly Bamboo), Trachelospermum jasminoides (Confederate Jasmine), and Urena lobata (Caesarweed). Several fraternity houses and dorms neighbor Harmonic Woods to the north, and this edge area is quite disturbed. Albizia julibrissin (Silktree), Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato; limited to this portion of the property), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry Tree), Sapium sebiferum (Popcorntree), Tradescantia fluminensis (Small Leaf Spiderwort), and Wisteria sinensis (Chinese Wisteria) occur here. Non-native species found occasionally throughout the natural area include Cinnamomum camphora (Camphortree), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), and Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet). Lantana camara (Lantana) was occasionally seen along the edges of the property.

Trillium maculatum (Spotted Wakerobin) and Smilax lasioneuron (Blueridge Carrionflower) are two rare species found here that are at the southern edge of their range. Other native species of note include Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon, an uncommon species), Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (Southern Lady Fern, threatened FL, at the southern limit of its range), Clematis catesbyana (Satincurls, an uncommon species), Collinsonia serotina (Blueridge Horsebalm, very rare), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species) Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, endangered-FL) and Polygonatum biflorum (Smooth Solomon's Seal).

Trees recorded in Harmonic Woods Natural Area: Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Albizia julibrissin - Silktree * EPPC(I) Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya alba - Mockernut Hickory Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory

51 Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cercis canadensis - Eastern Redbud Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Cornus florida - Flowering Dogwood Cornus foemina - Swamp Dogwood Cornus asperifolia - Roughleaf Dogwood Diospyros virginiana - Common Persimmon Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus americana - White Ash Ilex vomitoria - Yaupon Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia Melia azedarach Chinaberry Tree * EPPC(II) Morus rubra Red Mulberry Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina Black Cherry Prunus umbellata - Flatwoods Plum Ptelea trifoliata - Common Hoptree Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus austrina - Bastard White Oak Quercus falcata - Spanish Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Rhus copallinum - Winged Sumac Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Sageretia minutiflora - Smallflower Mock Buckthorn Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry Sapium sebiferum - Popcorntree * EPPC(I) Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata Michx. - Winged Elm Ulmus americana - American Elm

Shrubs, Vines and Herbs: Acalypha gracilens - Slender Threeseed mercury Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common Ragweed Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Apios americana - Groundnut Aralia spinosa - Devil's Walkingstick

52 Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Arundinaria gigantea - Switchcane Asimina parviflora - Smallflower Pawpaw Asplenium platyneuron - Ebony Spleenwort Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides - Southern Lady Fern (Threatened – FL) Bidens bipinnata - Spanish Needles Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Boehmeria cylindrica - False Nettle Botrychium virginianum - Rattlesnake Fern Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Carex sp. - Sedge Carex intumescens - Greater Bladder Sedge Chamaesyce sp. - Sandmat Chasmanthium laxum - Slender Woodoats Clematis catesbyana - Satincurls Clematis reticulata - Nutleaf Leather-Flower Cnidoscolus stimulosus - Tread Softly Collinsonia serotina - Blueridge Horsebalm Commelina sp. - Dayflower Crataegus marshallii - Parsley Hawthorne Crataegus uniflora - Dwarf Hawthorne Cyperus sp. - Flatsedge Desmodium incanum - Zarzabacoa comun Dichanthelium sp. - Witchgrass Dichanthelium commutatum - Variable Witchgrass Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato * EPPC(I) Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Drymaria cordata - Drymary Elaeagnus pungens - Silverthorn * EPPC(II) Elephantopus carolinianus - Carolina Elephantsfoot Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Euonymus americanus - American Strawberrybush Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Galactia sp. - Milkpea Galium aparine - Goosegrass Galium hispidulum - Coastal Bedstraw Galium uniflorum - Oneflower Bedstraw Gelsemium sempervirens - Yellow Jessamine Hedera helix - English Ivy Hypericum hypericoides - St. Andrew's Cross Hyptis mutabilis - Tropical Bushmint

53 Indigofera hirsuta - Hairy Indigo Indigofera spicata - Trailing Indigo Ipomoea cordatotriloba - Tievine Ipomoea hederifolia - Scarletcreeper Ipomoea pandurata - Man of the Earth Iresine diffusa - Juba's Bush Juncus effusus subsp. solutus - Soft Rush Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Liriope spicata - Monkey Grass Lonicera sempervirens - Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle * EPPC(I) Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine (Endangered – FL) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Melanthera nivea - Snow Squarestem Melothria pendula Creeping Cucumber Merremia dissecta - Noyau Vine Mikania cordifolia - Florida Keys Hempvine Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Mitchella repens - Partridgeberry Nandina domestica - Sacred Bamboo Oldenlandia uniflora - Clustered Mille Graines Onosmodium virginianum - False Gromwell Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Panicum sp. - Panicgrass Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Paspalum sp. - Crowngrass Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower Phaseolus polystachios - Thicket Bean Phoradendron leucarpum - Oak Mistletoe Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthus urinaria - Camber Bitter Phytolacca americana var. rigida American Pokeweed Poinsettia cyathophora - Paintedleaf Polygonatum biflorum - Smooth Solomon's Seal Rhynchospora sp. - Beaksedge Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Scleria triglomerata - Tall Nutgrass Setaria sp. - Bristlegrass

54 Severinia buxifolia - Chinese Boxorange Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Sideroxylon lanuginosum - Gum Bully Sideroxylon reclinatum - Florida Bully Smallanthus uvedalia - Hairy Leafcup Smilax auriculata - Earleaf Greenbriar Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax lasioneuron - Blueridge Carrionflower Smilax pumila - Sarsaparilla Vine Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Solidago sp. - Goldenrod Sporobolus indicus - Smutgrass Symphyotrichum dumosum - Rice Button Aster Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Trachelospermum jasminoides - Confederate Jasmine Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I) Tradescantia ohiensis - Bluejacket Trillium maculatum - Spotted Wakerobin Urena lobata - Caesarweed * EPPC(II) Vaccinium arboreum - Sparkleberry Verbesina virginica - White Crownbeard Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Viburnum rufidulum - Rusty Blackhaw Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola palmata - Early Blue Violet Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Viola walteri - Prostrate Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Wisteria sinensis - Chinese Wisteria * EPPC(II) Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard Yucca filamentosa - Adam's Needle

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

55 Hogtown Creek Woods Natural Area

Hogtown Creek Woods Natural Area is located just west of the main UF campus, bordered by southwest 34th Street to the east and by the UF Animal Care Facilities to the south. Several streams cross the 20 acre property and flow into an interior swamp that comprises the majority of the conservation area. A mesic mixed hardwood hammock is located at the extreme north of the property and grades into a hydric hammock as the land slopes down towards the bottomland hardwood wetlands. Hogtown Creek Woods is relatively intact and for the most part undisturbed by invasive non-native plants. A variety of native species are found here, with the highest diversity occurring in the mesic hammock at the far north of the property.

We documented 139 species of vascular plants in this area. Of these, 86% are native to Florida. Eight non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, Endangered-FL), and Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinalflower, Threatened-FL) were documented in this natural area. Dominant trees and shrubs observed in the hydric areas include Acer rubrum, (Red Maple), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo) Quercus laurifolia (Diamond Leaf Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak) and Fraxinus americana (White Ash). Also present are Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), Cornus foemina (Swamp Dogwood), Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Rhus copallinum (Winged Sumac), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Salix caroliniana (Carolina willow) and Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry). Low shrubs, herbaceous plants, ferns and vines common in the wetter areas include Apios americana (Groundnut), Arisaema triphyllum (Jack in the Pulpit, common near streams), Bidens laevis (Burrmarigold), Decumaria barbara (Climbing Hydrangea), Hydrocotyle umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Itea virginica (Virginia Willow), Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinalflower), Orontium aquaticum (Goldenclub), Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis

56 (Royal Fern), Peltandra virginica (Green Arrow Arum), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm), Thelypteris kunthii (Southern Shield Fern) Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (Marsh Fern), Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern) and Woodwardia virginica (Virginia Chain Fern).

Trees commonly found in the small mesic hammock at the extreme north of the property include Acer negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Fraxinus americana (White Ash), Juniperis virginiana (Red Cedar), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Tilia americana var. caroliniana (Carolina Basswood) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). Shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants found here include Aesculus pavia (Red Buckeye), Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon), Asimina parviflora (Smallflower Pawpaw), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Cocculus carolinus (Carolina Coralbead), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Passiflora lutea (Yellow Passionflower), several Smilax species (Greenbriar), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Trillium maculatum (Spotted Wakerobin), Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet) and Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern).

Hogtown Creek Woods Natural Area is comprised primarily of native plants, but harbors a number of non-native species. The most disturbed areas of the property are in the extreme northeast and east edges, along 34th street and at the border with the residential units to the north. In these areas the non-native species do not dominate as they do in many other natural areas on campus. Non-native species documented in these woods include Albizia julibrissin (Silktree), Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Elaeagnus pungens (Silverthorn), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), Lantana camara (Lantana), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet), Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry Tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Popcorntree).

57 Noteworthy native species found in this conservation area include Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinalflower, one of our most showy natives, Threatened-FL) and Orontium aquaticum (Goldenclub, uncommon and very showy) in the wet areas, and Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon, an uncommon species), Cocculus carolinus (Carolina coralbead, an uncommon species), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species), Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, endangered-FL), Polygonatum biflorum (Smooth Solomon's Seal) and Trillium maculataum (Spotted Wakerobin, rare, at the southern limit of its range) in the mesic hammock at the extreme north of the property.

Trees recorded at Hogtown Creek Woods Natural Area:

Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Acer saccharum subsp. floridanum - Florida Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Albizia julibrissin - Silktree * EPPC(I) Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Cornus foemina - Swamp Dogwood Diospyros virginiana - Common Persimmon Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus americana - White Ash Ilex opaca - American Holly Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Magnolia virginiana - Sweetbay Melia azedarach L. - Chinaberry * EPPC(II) Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora - Swamp Tupelo Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Persea palustris - Swamp Bay Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak

58 Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Rhus copallinum - Winged Sumac Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow Sapium sebiferum - Popcorntree * EPPC(I) Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm Ulmus americana - American Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs:

Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Apios americana - Groundnut Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Arundinaria gigantea - Switchcane Asimina parviflora - Smallflower Pawpaw Baccharis halimifolia - Groundsel Tree Berchemia scandens - Alabama Supplejack Bidens laevis - Burrmarigold Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Carex comosa - Longhair Sedge Carex fissa var. aristata - Hammock Sedge Carex intumescens - Greater Bladder Sedge Chasmanthium laxum - Slender Woodoats Clematis catesbyana - Satincurls Clematis crispa - Swamp Leather-Flower Clematis terniflora - Sweet Autumn Virginsbower Cocculus carolinus - Carolina Coralbead Commelina erecta - Whitemouth Dayflower Crataegus marshallii - Parley Hawthorne Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine Dichanthelium commutatum - Variable Witchgrass Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Drymaria cordata - Drymary Elaeagnus pungens - Silverthorn * EPPC(II) Elephantopus sp. - Elephantsfoot Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Euonymus americanus - American Strawberrybush

59 Eupatorium sp. - Thoroughwort Galium aparine - Goosegrass Gelsemium sempervirens - Yellow Jessamine Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Hedera helix - English Ivy Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lobelia cardinalis - Cardinalflower (Threatened – FL) Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle * EPPC(I) Lycopus rubellus - Taperleaf Water Horehound Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine (Endangered – FL) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Medicago polymorpha - Burr Clover Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Orontium aquaticum - Goldenclub Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern Oxalis corniculata - Common Yellow Woodsorrel Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower Peltandra virginica - Green Arrow Arum Phaseolus polystachios - Thicket Bean Pilea microphylla - Artillery Plant Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Poa annua - Annual Bluegrass Polygonatum biflorum - Smooth Solomon's Seal Polygonum sp. - Knotweed Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum - Tailed Bracken Fern Rhynchospora miliacea - Millet Beaksedge Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Salvia lyrata - Lyreleaf Sage Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Smallanthus uvedalia - Hairy Leafcup Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Solidago sp. - Goldenrod Sonchus asper - Spiny Sowthistle

60 Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Teucrium canadense - Woodsage Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Marsh Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Trillium maculatum - Spotted Wakerobin Viburnum obovatum - Walter's Viburnum Vicia acutifolia - Fourlear Vetch Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola palmata - Early Blue Violet Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica - Virginia Chain Fern Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard Yucca aloifolia - Spanish Bayonet

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

61 Lake Alice Natural Area

Lake Alice Natural Area is a large and diverse conservation area located on the main UF campus. The property lies just north of Mowry Road and the Fifield agricultural areas, west of North South Drive, and is neighbored in the north and west by Museum Road. This 100 acre natural area surrounds Lake Alice, a large body of water that is a major recipient of storm water from the main UF campus. The Lake and its surrounding land are important ecologically, for educational purposes, and for recreation. The northern edge of the lake (along Museum Road) sees the most use, with boardwalks, paths, and parking areas (and the best place on campus to view Alligator mississippiensis, the American alligator). The little utilized, largely inaccessible swamp areas serve as an important habitat for a variety of plants and animals.

Three plant communities are present in Lake Alice Natural Area. A wetland marsh bordering the lake and extending to the southeast corner of the property makes up the majority of the natural area. This is surrounded by and grades into a bottomland hardwood hammock. With a slight rise in elevation this grades into an upland mesic mixed hardwood hammock, which is mainly located in the northeast corner of the property. This large and ecologically diverse conservation area houses a variety of both native and non-native species.

We documented 183 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 70% are native to Florida. Twenty non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Species.

The marsh is home to a mix of small trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, ferns and floating aquatics. Common species include Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Apios americana (Groundnut), Baccharis halimifolia (Dogfennel), Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), Hydrocotyle umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (Floating Marshpennywort), Ludwigia peruviana (Peruvian Primrosewillow), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Royal

62 Fern), Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow), Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry), Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (Marsh Fern) and Typha latifolia (Broadleaf Cattail). Other species documented are: Acer negundo (Boxelder), Cuscuta gronovii (Scaldweed), Decodon verticillatus (Swamp Loosestrife), Symphyotrichum carolinianum (Climbing Aster), Symphyotrichum dumosum (Rice Button Aster), Commelina virginica (Virginia Dayflower), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo), Sagittaria sp. (Arrowhead), Saururus cernuus (Lizard's Tail), Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress), Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern), and Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice).

A bottomland hardwood hammock grades into the marsh and mesic hammocks on either side of it. Dominant trees characteristic of this bottomland hardwood hammock include Acer negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum) and Quercus nigra (Water Oak). Also present are Itea virginica (Virginia Willow), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Sabal Palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Sapindus saponaria (Soapberry), Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). The understory contains small saplings of the canopy species along with Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Clematis sp. (Leather Flower), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Rubus argutus (Sawtooth Blackberry), Sabal minor (Bluestem Palm), Smilax species (Greenbriar), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), and many ferns including Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern), Thelypteris kunthii (Widespread Maiden Fern), Thelypteris palustris (Marsh Fern), Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern) and Woodwardia virginica (Virginia Chain Fern).

Trees dominant in the upland hardwood forests include Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Tilia americana var. caroliniana (Carolina Basswood), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Ulmus alata (Winged Oak) and Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine). Also present are Acer

63 negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Aesculus pavia (Red Buckeye), Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Chionanthus virginicus (White Fringetree), Juniperis virginiana (Red Cedar), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Morus rubra (Red Mulberry), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak), Quercus shumardii (Shumard’s Oak), Quercus virginiana (Live Oak), and Ulmus americana (American Elm).

The upland hammock understory contains a mix of native plants, including Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Clematis virginiana (Virginsbower), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Euonymus americanus (American Strawberrybush), Oplismenus hirtellus (Woodsgrass), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed), Rubus argutus (Sawtooth Blackberry), Rubus trivialis (Southern Dewberry), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Solanum americanum (American Black Nightshade), several Smilax species (Greenbriar), Stachys floridana (Florida Betony), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet), Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape) and Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape).

Lake Alice Natural Area harbors its share of exotic species. In the marsh these include Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed), Begonia cucullata (Wax Begonia), Eichhornia crassipes (Common Water Hyacinth), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Arrowleaf Elephantear) and Salvinia minima (Water Spangles). Non-native species documented throughout the bottomland and mesic hardwood hammocks include Albizia julibrissin (Silktree), Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Citrus x aurantium (Sour Orange), Cinnamomum camphora (Camphortree), Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato), Elaeagnus pungens (Silverthorn), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), Ipomoea cairica (Mile A Minute Vine), Lantana camara (Lantana), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet), Ligustrum sinense (Chinese Privet), Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle), Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry Tree), Nephrolepis sp. (Swordfern), Sapium sebiferum

64 (Popcorntree), Tradescantia fluminensis (Small Leaf Spiderwort) and Urena lobata (Caesarweed).

Noteworthy natives include Clematis catesbyana (Satincurls, an uncommon species), Cocculus carolinus (Carolina coralbead, an uncommon species), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species) and Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice, an uncommon species).

Trees recorded at Lake Alice Natural Area: Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Aesculus pavia - Red Buckeye Albizia julibrissin - Silktree * EPPC(I) Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Chionanthus virginicus - White Fringetree Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)Lindl. Fraxinus sp. - Ash Ilex vomitoria - Yaupon Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Melia azedarach - Chinaberry * EPPC(II) Morus rubra - Red Mulberry Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora - Swamp Tupelo Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Podocarpus macrophyllus - Yew Plumpvine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Prunus umbellata - Flatwoods Plum Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak

65 Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus shumardii - Shumard's Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Rhus copallinum - Winged Sumac Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry Sapium sebiferum - Popcorntree * EPPC(I) Taxodium distichum - Bald Cypress Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm Ulmus americana - American Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs:

Alternanthera philoxeroides - Allligatorweed * EPPC(II) Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common Ragweed Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Andropogon glomeratus - Bushy Bluestem Apios americana - Groundnut Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the Pulpit Baccharis halimifolia - Groundsel Tree Begonia cucullata - Wax Begonia * EPPC(II) Berchemia scandens - Alabama Supplejack Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Bidens laevis - Burrmarigold Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Boehmeria cylindrica - False Nettle Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Calyptocarpus vialis - Straggler Daisy Calystegia sepium subsp. limnophila - Hedge False Bindweed Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Capsella bursa-pastoris - Sheperd's Purse Cardamine sp. - Bittercress Carex sp. - Sedge Chamaesyce sp. - Sandmat Cirsium nuttallii - Nuttall's Thistle Clematis catesbyana - Satincurls Clematis virginiana - Virginsbower Cocculus carolinus - Carolina Coralbead Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Commelina virginica - Virginia Dayflower Commelina communis - Asiatic Dayflower Corydalis micrantha subsp. australis - Smallflower Fumewort

66 Crotalaria sp. - Rattlebox Crotalaria spectabilis - Showy Rattlebox Cuscuta gronovii - Scaldweed Decodon verticillatus - Willow Herb Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine Desmodium incanum - Zarzabacoa Comun Dichanthelium sp. - Witchgrass Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato * EPPC(I) Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Eclipta prostrata - False Daisy Eichhornia crassipes - Common Water Hyacinth * EPPC(I) Elaeagnus pungens - Silverthorn * EPPC(II) Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Euonymus americanus - American Strawberrybush Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Galium aparine - Goosegrass Gamochaeta sp. - Everlasting Gelsemium sempervirens - Yellow Jessamine Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Gomphrena serrata - Arrasa Con Todo Hedera helix - Enlish Ivy Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - Floating Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata - Whorled Marshpennywort Hyptis mutabilis - Tropical Bushmint Ipomoea cairica - Mile A Minute Vine Juncus effusus subsp. solutus - Soft Rush Lamium amplexicaule - Henbit Deadnettle Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lepidium virginicum - Virginia Pepperweed Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle * EPPC(I) Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Medicago polymorpha - Burr Clover Melothria pendula Creeping Cucumber Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Myriophyllum aquaticum - Parrotfeather Water Milfoil Nephrolepis sp. - Swordfern Oenothera biennis - Common Eveningprimrose Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Osmunda cinnamomea - Cinnamon Fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern Oxalis corniculata - Common Yellow Woodsorrel Oxalis debilis Kunth corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel

67 Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parietaria praetermissa - Clustered Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Paspalum urvillei - Vaseygrass Phyla nodiflora - Turkey Tangle Fogfruit Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthus urinaria - Chamber Bitter Phyllostachys aurea - Golden Bamboo * EPPC(II) Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed Poa annua L. - Annual Bluegrass Polygonum sp. - Knotweed Ranunculus sp. - Buttercup Raphanus raphanistrum - Wild Radish Rhynchospora sp. - Beaksedge Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Sagittaria sp. - Arrowhead Salvinia minima - Water Spangles Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Saururus cernuus - Lizard's Tail Sesbania sp. Setaria sp. Bristlegrass Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum American Black Nightshade Solidago sp. Goldenrod Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Spermacoce assurgens - Woodland False Buttonweed Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Symphyotrichum carolinianum - Climbing Aster Symphyotrichum dumosum - Rice Button Aster Symphyotrichum elliottii - Elliott's Aster Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens - Marsh Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I) Trifolium repens - White Clover Typha latifolia - Broadleaf Cattail

68 Urena lobata - Caesarweed * EPPC(II) Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica - Virginia Chain Fern Xanthosoma sagittifolium - Arrowleaf Elephantear * EPPC(II) Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard Zizaniopsis miliacea - Southern Wild Rice

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

69 Lake Alice South Natural Area

Lake Alice South Natural Area is a 15.6 acre Conservation area located south of Mowry Road, north of Archer Road, and just east of IFAS Facilities and Operations. Approximately half of the property contains horse pastures and associated buildings and the remainder is comprised of bottomland mixed hardwood hammock. A creek runs through the center of this forest and drains into Lake Alice. This forest contains many large trees, of species characteristic to bottomland hammocks. The understory is quite overgrown, with vines, shrubs and herbs in a mix of native and non-native species.

We focused on the natural plant communities (the forest), and excluded the horse pastures and land surrounding the buildings. We documented 77 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 70% are native to Florida. Eleven non- native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Species.

Dominant trees characteristic of this bottomland hardwood hammock include Acer negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry) and Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum). Also present are Carpinus caroliniana (American hornbeam), Itea virginica (Virginia Willow), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Sabal Palmetto (Cabbage Palm), Magnolia virginiana (Sweetbay) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). The understory contains small saplings of the canopy species as well as Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Hydrocotyle umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Ludwigia peruviana (Peruvian Primrosewillow), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Ranunculus sp. (Buttercup), Rubus argutus (Sawtooth Blackberry), Saururus cernuus (Lizard’s Tail), Smilax spp. (Greenbriar), Thelypteris sp.(Maiden Fern), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy) and Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern).

There are a variety of non-native species in this forest, none of which dominate the vegetation where it is found. Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Begonia cucullata (Wax

70 Begonia), Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, occasional), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy privet), Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet), Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine) and Urena lobata (Caesarweed) are common. Lantana camara (Lantana) and Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry) are present in drier locations (upland, at the edge of the forest). Trees recorded at Lake Alice South Natural Area: Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Broussonetia papyrifera - Paper Mulberry * EPPC(II) Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus sp. - Ash Itea virginica - Virginia Willow Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Magnolia virginiana - Sweetbay Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Ulmus alata - Winged Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs: Apios americana - Groundnut Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Begonia cucullata - Wax Begonia * EPPC(II) Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Carex sp. - Sedge Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Cuscuta gronovii - Scaldweed Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine

71 Dichanthelium sp. - Witchgrass Galium aparine - Goosegrass Geranium carolinianum - Carolina Cranesbill Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata - Whorled Marshpennywort Hyptis mutabilis - Tropical Bushmint Juncus sp. - Rush Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lepidium virginicum - Virginia Pepperweed Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle * EPPC(I) Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Melothria pendula - Creeping Cucumber Oenothera sp. - Eveningprimrose Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Panicum maximum - Guineagrass * EPPC(II) Parietaria floridana - Florida Pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Phyla nodiflora - Turkey Tangle Fogfruit Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthus urinaria - Chamber Bitter Phytolacca americana var. rigida American Pokeweed Ranunculus sp. Buttercup Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackberry Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Sanicula canadensis - Canadian Blacksnakeroot Saururus cernuus - Lizard's Tail Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Sonchus oleraceus - Common Sowthistle Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Thelyptreis sp. - Maiden Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Trifolium repens - White Clover Urena lobata - Caesarweed * EPPC(II) Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

72 McCarty Woods Natural Area

McCarty Woods is a small natural area of approximately three acres located just north of Dickenson Hall on the UF campus, bordered by Museum Road to the south, McCarty Drive to the north and Newell Drive to the east. This relatively flat, mesic property supports an upland mixed hardwood forest and sees moderate foot traffic due to its location at the heart of the main UF campus. McCarty Woods is extremely degraded, harboring a suite of invasive exotics that carpet the ground and climb into the canopy. Despite this, the area is an important open space in that part of campus and is used by the Botany department (housed just south of the property) for teaching purposes. A number of small paths cross the property.

We documented 98 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 64% are native to Florida. Eleven non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species.

Common canopy trees include Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry), Fraxinus americana (White Ash), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). Also present are Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud), Osmanthus americanus (Wild Olive), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Persea borbonia (Red Bay), Prunus umbellata (Flatwoods Plum), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Sabal palmetto (Cabbage Palm) and Tilia americana var. caroliniana (Carolina Basswood).

The understory is for the most part lacking in diversity, and characterized by a mix of native and non-native plants. Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine) blankets much of the ground and climbs into the canopy; in other locations (along the main paths) one finds a carpet of Tradescantia fluminensis (Small Leaf Spiderwort). Native shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants documented include Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Callicarpa

73 americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Clematis catesbyana (Satincurls), Cnidoscolus stimulosus (Tread Softly), Cynanchum scoparium (Leafless Swallowwort), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Ilex vomitoria (Yaupon), Ipomoea cordatotriloba (Tievine), Oplismenus hirtellus (Woodsgrass), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper), Passiflora lutea (Yellow Passionflower), Petiveria alliacea (Guinea Hen Weed), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Beautyberry), Ruellia carolinense (Carolina Wild Petunia), Sideroxylon languinosum (Gum Bully), several Smilax species (Greenbriar), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet) and Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape).

Problematic invasive species include Macfadyena unguis-cati (Catclaw Vine) and Tradescatia fluminensis (Small Leaf Spiderwort). Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet) and Cinnamomum camphora (Camphortree) are also very common. Encountered in lesser amounts were the following non-native species: Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat), Citrus x aurantium (Sour Orange), Ehretia acuminata (Koda wood), Lantana camara (Lantana), Leucaena leucocephala (White Leadtree), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry Tree) and Severinia buxifolia (Chinese Boxorange).

A few noteworthy native species were documented in McCarty Woods. These include Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon, an uncommon species), Clematis catesbyana (Satincurls, an uncommon species), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species) and Rivinia humilis (Rougeplant).

Trees recorded at McCarty Woods Natural Area: Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cercis canadensis - Eastern Redbud Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Ehretia acuminata - Koda Wood Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus americana - White Ash Ilex vomitoria - Yaupon

74 Leucaena leucocephala - White Leadtree * EPPC(II) Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet* EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia Melia azedarach - Chinaberry Tree * EPPC(II) Osmanthus americanus - Wild Olive Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Persea borbonia - Red Bay Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus umbellata - Flatwoods Plum Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs: Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common Ragweed Antigonon leptopus - Coral Vine * EPPC(II) Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Carex sp. - Sedge Chenopodium ambrosioides - Mexican Tea Clematis catesbyana - Satincurls Cnidoscolus stimulosus - Tread Softly Crataegus sp. – Hawthorne Cynanchum scoparium Nutt. - Leafless Swallowwort Cyperus sp. - Flatsedge Dichanthelium commutatum - Variable Witchgrass Dichondra carolinensis - Carolina Ponysfoot Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Eleusine indica - Indian Goosegrass Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Galium aparine - Goosegrass Galium hispidulum Michx. - Coastal Bedstraw Gomphrena serrata - Arrasa Con Todo Indigofera spicata - Trailing Indigo Ipomoea cordatotriloba - Tievine Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I)

75 Lonicera sempervirens - Coral Honeysuckle Macfadyena unguis-cati - Catclaw Vine * EPPC(I) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Medicago polymorpha - Burr Clover Murdannia nudiflora - Nakedstem Dewflower Oldenlandia corymbosa - Flattop Mille Graines Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa - Pink Woodsorrel Panicum maximum - Guineagrass * EPPC(II) Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Paspalum sp. - Crowngrass Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower Petiveria alliacea - Guinea Hen Weed Phyllanthus tenellus - Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthus urinaria - Chamber Bitter Phytolacca americana var. rigida - Pokeweed Poa annua - Annual Bluegrass Poinsettia cyathophora - Paintedleaf Richardia brasiliensis - Tropical Mexican Clover Rivina humilis - Rougeplant Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Severinia buxifolia - Chinese Boxorange Sida acuta - Common Wireweed Sida rhombifolia - Cuban Jute Sideroxylon lanuginosum - Gum Bully Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Solanum americanum - American Black Nightshade Sporobolus indicus - Smutgrass Stachys floridana - Florida Hedgenettle Tillandsia recurvata - Ballgrass Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Tradescantia fluminensis - Small Leaf Spiderwort * EPPC(I) Trifolium repens - White Clover Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

76 NATL-east (Surge Wetland) Natural Area

NATL-east Natural Area is located in the southwest corner of the UF main campus, east of the Natural Area Teaching Lab, bordered on the west by Surge Road, on the east by private property, and to the south by Archer Road. The twelve acre property occupies a depression basin which receives storm water from surrounding areas on campus and from neighboring Archer Road. The central swamp area is surrounded by and grades into a shrub wetland/ hydric hammock, and further upland, a mesic mixed hardwood hammock. The boundaries of these plant communities are not clearly defined and fluctuate depending on rainfall patterns. Surge Wetland is relatively intact and for the most part undisturbed by invasive exotic plants. A variety of native species are found here, with the highest diversity occurring in the mesic hammock.

We documented 129 species of vascular plants in this area. Of those identified to species, 82% are native to Florida. Twelve non-native species found in this natural area appear on Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine), endangered in Florida, was recorded here.

The canopy of the mesic hammock is dominated by Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Ostrya virginiana (Eastern Hophornbeam), Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine), Quercus hemisphaerica (Upland Laurel Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Tilia americana var. caroliniana (Carolina Basswood) and Ulmus alata (Winged Elm). Also present are Acer negundo (Boxelder), Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Chionanthus virginicus (White Fringetree), Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon), Fraxinus americana (White Ash), Juniperis virginiana (Red Cedar), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia), Morus rubra (Red Mulberry), Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry), Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Quercus geminata (Sand Live Oak), Quercus michauxii (Basket Oak) and Quercus virginiana (Live Oak).

77 The understory associated with the mesic hammock is quite diverse and dominated by a variety of native species. Low shrubs, herbaceous plants and vines documented in this area include Asimina parviflora (Smallflower Pawpaw), Asplenium platyneuron (Ebony Spleenwort), Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine), Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry), Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper), Crategus uniflora (Dwarf Hawthorne), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam), Erythrina herbacea (Coralbean), Euonymus americanus (American Strawberrybush), Eupatorium capillifolium (Dogfennel), Gelsemium sempervirens (Yellow Jessamine), Lonicera sempervirens (Coral Honeysuckle), Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Parthenocissus quinquefolius (Virginia Creeper), Phytolacca americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed), Rubus trivialis (Southern Dewberry), a variety of Smilax species (Greenbriar), Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy), Vaccinium arboreum (Sparkleberry), Vernonia gigantea (Giant Ironweed), Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape) and Yucca filamentosa (Adam’s Needle).

Dominant trees and shrubs observed in the wetland areas include Acer rubrum, (Red Maple), Celtis laevigata (Hackberry), Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum), Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle), Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Swamp Tupelo) and Salix caroliniana (Carolina willow). Also present are Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon), Quercus laurifolia (Diamond Leaf Oak), Quercus nigra (Water Oak), Rhus copallinum (Winged Sumac) and Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (Elderberry). Herbaceous plants, vines, and ferns common in the wetter areas include Apios americana (Groundnut), Decumaria barbara (Climbing Hydrangea), Hydrocotyle umbellata (Manyflower Marshpennywort), Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon fern), Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Royal Fern), Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed), Thelypteris kunthii (Southern Shield Fern), Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (Marsh Fern), Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chain Fern) and Woodwardia virginica (Virginia Chain Fern).

Overall the woods appear to be in good shape and not overly dominated by exotic species. Colocasia esculenta (Wild Taro), Eichhornia crassipes (Common Water

78 Hyacinth), Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrotfeather Water Milfoil), and Ludwigia peruviana (Peruvian Primrosewillow) are common in the wet areas. Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry) and Salvinia minima (Water Spangles) were encountered occasionally. The most problematic exotic species found in the mesic hammock is Ardisia crenata (Scratchthroat). Seen occasionally in the majority of the woods, this species is abundant in the extreme northwestern corner of the mesic hammock north and west of the wetlands, particularly along the northern fence. Other non-native species observed in the mesic hammock include Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato, present on the eastern edge of the property), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, occasional throughout), Lantana camara (Lantana, at property edges), Ligustrum lucidum (Glossy Privet, occasional throughout), Ligustrum sinense (Chinese Privet, throughout), Ruellia tweediana (Britton’s Wild Petunia, at western edge) and Syngonium podophyllum (American Evergreen, at eastern edge).

Uncommon and rare species growing in NATL-east include Arisaema dracontium (Greendragon, an uncommon species, occasional), Dioscorea floridana (Florida Yam, an uncommon species) and Matelea floridana (Florida Milkvine, endangered-FL).

Trees Recorded at NATL-east Natural Area: Acer negundo - Boxelder Acer rubrum - Red Maple Broussonetia papyrifera - Paper Mulberry * EPPC(II) Carya glabra - Pignut Hickory Celtis laevigata - Sugarberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - Common Buttonbush Chionanthus virginicus - White Fringetree Cinnamomum camphora - Camphortree * EPPC(I) Citrus x aurantium - Sour Orange Diospyros virginiana - Common Persimmon Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat Fraxinus americana - White Ash Ilex vomitoria - Yaupon Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar Ligustrum lucidum - Glossy Privet * EPPC(I) Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet * EPPC(I) Liquidambar styraciflua - Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora - Southern Magnolia

79 Morus rubra - Red Mulberry Myrica cerifera - Wax Myrtle Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora - Swamp Tupelo Osmanthus americanus - Wild Olive Ostrya virginiana - Eastern Hophornbeam Pinus elliottii - Slash Pine Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine Podocarpus macrophyllus - Yew Plumpvine Prunus caroliniana - Carolina Laurelcherry Prunus serotina - Black Cherry Prunus umbellata - Flatwoods Plum Quercus hemisphaerica - Upland Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia - Diamond Leaf Oak Quercus falcata - Spanish Oak Quercus geminata - Sand Live Oak Quercus michauxii - Basket Oak Quercus nigra - Water Oak Quercus virginiana - Live Oak Rhus copallinum - Winged Sumac Sabal palmetto - Cabbage Palm Salix caroliniana - Carolina Willow Tilia americana var. caroliniana - Carolina Basswood Ulmus alata - Winged Elm

Shrubs, vines and herbs: Ampelopsis arborea - Peppervine Apios americana - Groundnut Ardisia crenata - Scratchthroat * EPPC(I) Arisaema dracontium - Greendragon Asimina parviflora - Smallflower Pawpaw Asplenium platyneuron - Ebony Spleenwort Bidens alba var. radiata - Beggarticks Bidens laevis - Burrmarigold Bignonia capreolata - Crossvine Callicarpa americana - American Beautyberry Campsis radicans - Trumpet Creeper Carex comosa - Longhair Sedge Carex fissa var. aristata - Hammock Sedge Carex intumescens - Greater Bladder Sedge Cnidoscolus stimulosus - Tread Softly Colocasia esculenta - Wild Taro * EPPC(I) Crataegus uniflora - Dwarf Hawthorne Cyperus surinamensis - Tropical Flatsedge Decumaria barbara - Cowitch Vine Desmodium incanum - Zarzabacoa comun

80 Dichanthelium sp. - Witchgrass Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Potato * EPPC(I) Dioscorea floridana - Florida Yam Eichhornia crassipes - Common Water Hyacinth * EPPC(I) Elephantopus carolinianus - Carolina Elephantsfoot Erythrina herbacea - Coralbean Euonymus americanus - American Strawberrybush Eupatorium capillifolium - Dogfennel Galium hispidulum - Coastal Bedstraw Gelsemium sempervirens - Yellow Jessamine Hydrocotyle umbellata - Manyflower Marshpennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata - Whorled Marshpennywort Ipomoea pandurata - Man of the Earth Lantana camara - Lantana * EPPC(I) Lonicera sempervirens - Coral Honeysuckle Ludwigia peruviana - Peruvian Primrosewillow Matelea floridana - Florida Milkvine (Endangered – FL) Medicago lupulina - Black Medick Medicago polymorpha - Burr Clover Merremia dissecta - Noyau Vine Mikania scandens - Climbing Hempvine Mitchella repens - Partridgeberry Myriophyllum aquaticum - Parrotfeather Water Milfoil Oplismenus hirtellus - Woodsgrass Osmunda cinnamomea - Cinnamon Fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis - Royal Fern Panicum maximum - Guineagrass * EPPC(II) Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper Phytolacca americana var. rigida - American Pokeweed Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana - Resurrection Fern Pontederia cordata - Pickerelweed Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum - Tailed Bracken Fern Rubus argutus - Sawtooth Blackbery Rubus trivialis - Southern Dewberry Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina Wild Petunia Ruellia tweediana - Britton’s Wild Petunia * EPPC(I) Sabal minor - Bluestem Palm Salvia lyrata - Lyreleaf Sage Salvinia minima - Water Spangles Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis - Elderberry Scleria triglomerata - Tall Nutgrass Sida acuta - Common Wireweed Smilax auriculata - Earleaf Greenbriar Smilax bona-nox - Saw Greenbriar Smilax glauca - Cat Greenbriar Smilax pumila - Sarsaparilla Vine

81 Smilax smallii - Jackson Vine Smilax tamnoides - Bristly Greenbriar Stachys floridana ex Benth. - Florida Hedgenettle Syngonium podophyllum - American Evergreen * EPPC(I) Thelypteris kunthii - Widespread Maiden Fern Tillandsia recurvata - Ballmoss Tillandsia usneoides - Spanish Moss Toxicodendron radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy Typha latifolia - Broadleaf Cattail Vaccinium arboreum - Sparkleberry Vernonia gigantea - Giant Ironweed Viburnum obovatum - Walter’s Viburnum Viburnum rufidulum - Rusty Blackhaw Vicia sativa - Common Vetch Viola sororia - Common Blue Violet Vitis aestivalis - Summer Grape Vitis rotundifolia - Muscadine Grape Woodwardia areolata - Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica - Virginia Chain Fern Youngia japonica - Oriental False Hawksbeard Yucca aloifolia - Spanish Bayonet Yucca filamentosa - Adam’s Needle

* Species listed as a category I or II invasive by EPPC

82 Species of note found in campus natural areas

Arisaema dracontium (Araceae) Greendragon: This perennial herb of mesic hammocks is found in small populations in several of our campus natural areas. It is of horticultural interest.

Bivens Rim Forest East Fraternity Wetland Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods McCarty Woods Surge Wetlands

Athyrium filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (Polypodiaceae) Southern Lady Fern: This uncommon fern (Threatened status in Florida) of moist hammocks, bluffs and shaded swamps is at its southernmost limit in Alachua County.

Fraternity Wetland Harmonic Woods

Clematis catesbyana (Ranunculaceae) Satincurls: Clematis catesbayana, a native perennial vine, is very characteristic of calcareous hammocks, and is also found in disturbed woods and along roadsides in calcareous areas. It occurs in a number of the natural areas on campus.

Bivens Rim East Forest Harmonic Woods Lake Alice Natural Area McCarty Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods

Cocculus carolinus (Menispermaceae) Carolina Coralbead: This uncommon species of perennial vine is found in moist hammocks as far south as Citrus and Orange counties.

Lake Alice Natural Area Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods

83 Collinsonia serotina (Lamiaceae) Blueridge Horsebalm: Collinsonia serotina is found in 12 counties in Florida. This herb of mesic hammocks and bluff forests is rarely encountered in Alachua County, where it is at the southernmost limit of its range.

Harmonic Woods

Dioscorea floridana (Dioscoreaceae) Florida Yam: Dioscorea floridana, a native relative of the invasive exotic Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato), grows in the panhandle of Florida and in the western parts of the northern and central peninsula. This uncommon species of moist hammocks was found in several of the Natural Areas surveyed.

Bivens Rim Forest East Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods McCarty Woods Lake Alice Natural Area Surge Wetland

Iris hexagona (Iridaceae) Dixie Iris: Iris hexagona one of our most showy natives. It occurs occasionally in swamps and in other wet areas in our region.

Bivens Rim Forest East

Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) Cardinal Flower: Lobelia cardinalis is another showy species that is native to Florida. This uncommon perennial herb (Threatened-FL) is found occasionally in our area in floodplain forests.

Hogtown Creek Woods

Matelea floridana (Apocynaceae) Florida Milkvine: Matelea floridana, an endangered Florida native, is found scattered throughout the state. This perennial vine is found in mesic hammocks and is fairly common in our region.

Bivens Rim East Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Surge Wetlands

84

Orontium aquaticum (Araceae) Goldenclub: Orontium aquaticum is found in shallow streams, ponds and swamps in all but the extreme south of Florida. This uncommon and very showy perennial herb is occasionally found in our area.

Bivens Rim Forest East Hogtown Creek Woods

Polygonatum biflorum (Ruscaceae) Smooth Solomon's Seal: Polygonatum biflorum is a northern species rarely encountered in Alachua County, where it is at its southern limit. This perennial herb is found in moist and mesic hammocks.

Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods

Rivina humilis (Petiveriaceae) Rougeplant: Rivina humilis is at the northern edge of its range in Alachua County and is uncommon locally.

Bivens Forest East Health Center Park McCarty Woods

Smilax lasioneuron (Smilacaceae) Blueridge Carrionflower: Smilax lasioneuron is at its southernmost limit in Alachua County. This perennial low-climbing vine is found in mesic hammocks of more northern states and the central panhandle of Florida, and is rarely encountered in our region.

Harmonic Woods

Trillium maculatum (Trilliaceae) Spotted Wakerobin: Alachua County is the southern limit of Trillium maculatum, a northern taxon which is very uncommon in our area. This herbaceous species has particular habitat requirements, favoring undisturbed wooded bluffs and moist hammock slopes of calcareous regions.

Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods

Tillandsia bartramii (Bromeliaceae) Bartram's airplant: This native epiphyte is uncommon in our area and is characteristic of undisturbed hydric hammocks.

Bivens Rim Forest East

85

Zizaniopsis miliacea (Poaceae) Southern Wild Rice: Zizaniopsis miliacea is a large native grass found scattered throughout the state in swamps and wet prairies. Large populations of this uncommon grass were found in the marshes surrounding Lake Alice and in lesser amounts along the northern edge of Bivens Rim.

Bivens Rim Forest Area Bivens Rim Forest East Area Lake Alice Natural Area

86 Invasive vascular plant species in campus natural areas

EPPC: Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

EPPC(I): Category I invasive species (as listed by EPPC) found in campus natural areas are listed here, along with a brief description and a list of natural areas where they occur

Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae) Silktree; Mimosa: This small tree, a native of Asia, is common in the panhandle and in the central and northern peninsula. It occurs in disturbed areas. We encountered a few individuals in four natural areas. A. julibrissin reproduces both vegetatively and by seed. Seeds are dispersed mostly below or around the parent plant, but they can be dispersed further by water.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area

Ardisia crenata (Myrsinaceae ) Scratchthroat: This native of Japan and southern Asia is extremely invasive. Unlike many of the other invasive species on this list, Ardisia moves into intact mesic hammocks, and can eventually dominate the understory. We observed Ardisia in all of the natural areas surveyed. The bright red fruits are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Bivens Rim Forest Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South McCarty Woods Surge Wetland

87

Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) Camphortree: This Asian tree is common in the northern counties of Florida in disturbed hammocks. We recorded it in several natural areas, but in no cases was it abundant. Its fruits are bird dispersed.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Bivens Rim Forest Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Lake Alice Natural Area McCarty Woods Surge Wetland

Colocasia esculenta (Araceae) Wild Taro; Dasheen; Coco Yam Herb: This native of Asia is one of the most abundant weed species found in Florida’s wetland habitats, and was a common sight along the edges of the wetlands surveyed. Wild Taro spreads by cormules that grow off the side of the main corm and slender stolons. Dispersal between water bodies is primarily by deliberate or unintentional movement of vegetative fragments. Cormules can also be carried by water downstream.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Bivens Rim Forest Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South Surge Wetland

Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) Air Potato: Native to tropical Asia, this highly invasive vine is a well known weed in our area. It is common in disturbed sites and woods throughout peninsular Florida. It is dispersed vegetatively by means of above ground “tubers” or “air-potatos”. We observed Air Potato in many of the natural areas, particularly in areas that were disturbed or along the edges of more intact natural areas.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Lake Alice Natural Area Surge Wetland

88

Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae ) Common Water Hyacinth: This native of Brazil is extremely invasive and frequently is found floating in waterways throughout Florida. We encountered Water Hyacinth in Lake Alice Natural Area (along the shores of Lake Alice), Bivens Rim Forest East Area (north shore of Bivens Arm) and Surge Wetland (a small population). Water hyacinth reproduces vegetatively by means of stolons which, together with solitary plants or drifting mats, are readily distributed by water currents and wind. The plant also produces vast quantities of long-lived seed and persistence and spread by this means can be very significant.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Lake Alice Natural Area Surge Wetland

Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae) Cogongrass: This extremely invasive Old World grass occurs throughout Florida. Infestations of this perennial grass from Asia form exclusive colonies, displacing native vegetation with the exception of mature trees. We observed it growing in one location along the eastern edge of Bivens Rim Forest East Area, just north of Hope Lodge. Cogongrass spreads by both wind-blown seeds and underground creeping rhizomes.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area

Lantana camara (Verbenaceae ) Lantana; Shrubverbena: Lantana camara is native to the West Indies, and is commonly found in disturbed sites throughout the state. We encountered Lantana in all natural areas surveyed except Bivens Rim Forest, mainly along the disturbed open edges of the properties. The fruits are dispersed by birds.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South McCarty Woods Surge Wetland

Ligustrum lucidum (Oleaceae) Glossy Privet: This Asian shrub is extremely invasive and a common sight in mesic to hydric hammocks of the panhandle and the northern

89 Peninsula. We observed Glossy Privet in all natural areas surveyed. Its abundant fruits are dispersed by birds.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Bivens Rim Forest Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South McCarty Woods Surge Wetland

Ligustrum sinense (Oleaceae) Chinese Privet: Native to China, this invasive shrub is present throughout the state in disturbed sites. We observed Chinese Privet in several natural areas. This species bears drupes which are ingested and dispersed by birds.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Graham Woods Health Center Park Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South McCarty Woods Surge Wetland

Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) Japanese Honeysuckle: This Asian vine is common throughout Florida in disturbed hammocks. We recorded it in many natural areas, mainly along the more open, disturbed edges of the property. The fruits are dispersed by birds.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Bivens Rim Forest Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South Surge Wetland

Lygodium japonicum (Schizeaceae) Japanese Climbing Fern: This old world vine is extremely invasive, and found throughout the state in swamps and disturbed wet sites. We found two small populations in the Northwest corner of Health Center Park near a creek. Japanese Climbing Fern is dispersed by wind.

90

Health Center Park

Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) Catclaw Vine: Native to tropical America, this vine was grown as an ornamental in Florida for its attractive flowers, shade tolerance and ease of cultivation. Catclaw Vine proved to be extremely invasive, in some areas climbing trees and other vegetation and dominating the landscape. It occurs in woods, hammocks and disturbed areas. We observed it in many natural areas, most notably in two of the more disturbed sites (McCarty Woods and Health Center Park) where it completely covers wide areas, and in disturbed areas (for example along the edges) of other natural areas. It is dispersed by wind.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South McCarty Woods

Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) Water Lettuce: P. stratiotes is a free floating plant that is capable of forming dense mats on the surfaces of lakes, ponds, rivers and other bodies of water. It is common throughout Peninsular Florida. We recorded this species in Biven's East natural area, at the northern shore of Bivens Arm. P. stratiotes reproduces vegetatively and by seed. Rapid vegetative reproduction allows water lettuce to cover an entire lake, from shore to shore, with a dense mat of connected rosettes in a short period of time. [*There is debate within the botanical community concerning the status of Pistia stratiotes. Some believe that this species is native to Florida, and therefore should not be considered invasive.]

Bivens Rim Forest East Area

Ruellia tweediana (Acanthaceae ) Britton's Wild Petunia; Mexican Bluebell: This showy perennial herb, native to Mexico, is frequently seen in disturbed sites throughout the state. We encountered small populations of Mexican Bluebell in three natural areas.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Health Center Park Surge Wetland

91 Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae ) Popcorntree; Chinese Tallowtree: This native of China and Japan is frequent throughout the state in disturbed mesic to wet hammocks. We observed this tree along the disturbed edges of four natural areas. The seeds of Chinese Tallowtree are bird dispersed.

Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area

Syngonium podophyllum (Araceae) American Evergreen: This vine, native to Central America, is at its northern limit in Alachua County and is not a serious problem here. We encountered small populations of American Evergreen in three natural areas. In each case it was located at the edge of the property and apparently is persisting from cultivation. Propagation is vegetative, by fragmentation.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Fraternity Wetland Surge Wetland

Tradescantia fluminensis (Commelinaceae) Small Leaf Spiderwort: This herbaceous groundcover is native to tropical America. It has been documented in ten counties located throughout the state. It is extremely invasive, moving into intact mesic hammocks as well as disturbed woods. It spreads vegetatively and tends to dominate the understory. We observed populations of this exotic species in several of the natural areas.

Bivens Rim Forest East Area Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Lake Alice Natural Area McCarty Woods

EPPC(II): Category II invasive species (as listed by EPPC) found in campus natural areas are listed here, with a list of the natural areas where they occur. In all cases, small populations or a few scattered individuals of these species were found. They do not seem to be a major problem in the natural areas surveyed.

Aleurites fordii (Euphorbiaceae) Tungoil Tree Graham Woods

92 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Amaranthaceae) Alligatorweed Lake Alice Natural Area

Antigonon leptopus (Polygonaceae ) Coral Vine; Queen's Jewels McCarty Woods

Begonia cucullata (Begoniaceae) Wax Begonia; Club Begonia Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South

Broussonetia papyrifera (Moraceae ) Paper Mulberry Health Center Park Lake Alice South Surge Wetland

Elaeagnus pungens (Elaeagnaceae) Silverthorn; Thorny Olive Bivens Rim Forest East Area Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area

Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae) White Leadtree Health Center Park McCarty Woods

Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) Chinaberry Tree Bivens Rim Forest East Area Graham Woods Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Hogtown Creek Woods Lake Alice Natural Area McCarty Woods

Panicum maximum (Poaceae) Guineagrass Health Center Park Lake Alice South McCarty Woods Surge Wetland

Phyllostachys aurea (Poaceae) Golden Bamboo Lake Alice Natural Area

Sansevieria hyacinthoides (Ruscaceae) Bowstring Hemp; Mother in Law's Tongue Bivens Rim Forest East Area

93

Urena lobata (Malvaceae) Caesarweed Fraternity Wetland Harmonic Woods Health Center Park Lake Alice Natural Area Lake Alice South

Wisteria sinensis (Fabaceae) Chinese Wisteria Harmonic Woods

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Araceae) Arrowleaf Elephantear Bivens Rim Forest East Area Fraternity Wetland Graham Woods Lake Alice Natural Area

94 Definitions of terms and categories used in the database

Abundance Categories The abundance of each species in each natural area was assessed and entered in the Excel database. Following R.L. Thompson, we used the following categories:

Rare (R) - 1 to 4 occurrences Infrequent (I) - 5 to 9 occurrences Occasional (O) - 10 to 24 occurrences Frequent (F) - 25 or more occurrences Abundant (A) – when distinct occurrences (as individuals or small populations at least a few hundred meters apart) could not be determined due to the plant being more or less continuous throughout, usually as a dominant visual aspect of the plant community.

Abundance values reflect the author’s subjective estimate of a plant’s frequency, particularly in comparison to associated species or related species. Additionally, assessment of the abundance of a particular species may vary depending on the species reproductive status (i.e. may be more noticeable when flowering or fruiting), seasonal variation (species may be dormant during some seasons), and difference in populations from year to year. Another factor is the size of the area surveyed. A species may be rare to infrequent in a particular area due to the relatively small size of the area, or due to the size of the required habitat of that species in that area.

Thompson, R.L. and C.A. Fleming 2004. Vascular flora and plant communities of the John B. Stephenson Memorial Forest State Nature Preserve (Anglin Falls Ravine), Rockcastle County, Kentucky. Castanea 69(2):125--138.

95 Wetland Status DEP Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994. OBL: Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands. FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non- wetlands FAC: Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWI Wetland Status (NWI): Source - National list of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands. US Fish & Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(24). National Wetlands Inventory, US Fish & Wildlife Service. 1988. OBL: Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands. FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%- 99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands. FAC: Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). FACU: Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%- 99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).

A positive (+) or negative (-) sign is used with the Facultative indicator category to more specifically define the regional frequency of occurrence in wetlands. The positive sign indicates a frequency toward the higher end of the category (more frequently found in wetlands), and a negative sign indicates a frequency toward the lower end of the category (less frequently found in wetlands).

96

Invasiveness Categories

EPPC: Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 1999 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species Category I (EPPC(I)) - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. Category II (EPPC(II))- Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

97 Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 1 Acalypha gracilens A.Gray Slender Threeseed Murcury Euphorbiaceae Herb Native 2 Acer negundo L. Boxelder Sapindaceae Tree Native 3 Acer rubrum L. Red Maple Sapindaceae Tree Native 4 Acer saccharum Marshall subsp. floridanum (Chapm.)Desmarais Florida Maple Sapindaceae Tree Native 5 Aeschynomene americana L. Shyleaf Fabaceae Herb Native 6 Aesculus pavia L. Red Buckeye Sapindaceae Tree Native 7 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.)Swingle Tree of Heaven Simaroubaceae Tree Not Native 8 Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Silktree; Mimosa Fabaceae Tree EPPC(I) 9 Aleurites fordii Hemsl. Tungoil Tree Euphorbiaceae Tree EPPC(II) 10 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)Griseb. Alligatorweed Amaranthaceae Herb EPPC(II) 11 Amaranthus sp. Amaranth Amaranthaceae Herb 12 Amaranthus australis (A.Gray)J.D.Sauer Southern Amaranth Amaranthaceae Herb Native 13 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Common ragweed Asteraceae Herb Native 14 Amorpha fruticosa L. Bastard Indigobush; False Indigobush Fabaceae Herb Native 15 Ampelopsis arborea (L.)Koehne Peppervine Vitaceae Vine Native 16 Andropogon glomeratus (Walter)Britton et al. Bushy Bluestem Poaceae Grass Native 17 Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Coral Vine; Queen's Jewels Polygonaceae Vine EPPC(II) 18 Apios americana Medik. Groundnut Fabaceae Vine Native 19 Aralia spinosa L. Devil's Walkingstick Araliaceae Shrub Native 20 Ardisia crenata Sims Scratchthroat Myrsinaceae Shrub EPPC(I) 21 Arisaema dracontium (L.)Schott Greendragon Araceae Herb Native 22 Arisaema triphyllum (L.)Schott Jack in the Pulpit Araceae Herb Native 23 Arundinaria gigantea (Walter)Walter ex Muhl. Switchcane Poaceae Grass Native 24 Arundo donax L. Giant Reed Poaceae Grass Not Native 25 Asimina parviflora (Michx.)Dunal Smallflower Pawpaw Annonaceae Shrub Native 26 Asparagus virgatus Baker Tiki Fern; Tree Fern Asparagaceae Shrub Not Native 27 Asplenium platyneuron (L.)Britton et al. Ebony Spleenwort Aspleniaceae Fern Native 28 Athyrium filix-femina (L.)Roth ex Mert. subsp. asplenioides (Michx.)Hultén Southern Lady Fern Dryopteridaceae Fern Threatened-FL 29 Baccharis halimifolia L. Groundsel Tree; Sea Myrtle Asteraceae Shrub Native 30 Begonia cucullata Willd. Wax Begonia; Club Begonia Begoniaceae Herb EPPC(II) 31 Berchemia scandens (Hill)K.Koch Alabama Supplejack; Rattan Vine Rhamnaceae Vine Native 32 Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish Needles Asteraceae Herb Native 33 Bidens alba (L.)DC. var. radiata (Sch. Bip.)R.E.Ballard ex Melchert Beggarticks; Romerillo Asteraceae Herb Native 34 Bidens laevis (L.)Britton et al. Burrmarigold; Smooth Beggarticks Asteraceae Herb Native 35 Bignonia capreolata L. Crossvine Bignoniaceae Vine Native 36 Boehmeria cylindrica (L.)Sw. False Nettle; Bog Hemp Urticaceae Herb Native 37 Botrychium virginianum (L.)Sw. Rattlesnake Fern Ophioglossaceae Fern Native 38 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.)Vent. Paper Mulberry Moraceae Tree EPPC(II) 39 Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. Wine Palm; Jelly Palm Arecaceae Tree Not Native 40 Callicarpa americana L. American Beautyberry Lamiaceae Shrub Native 41 Calyptocarpus vialis Less. Straggler Daisy Asteraceae Herb Not Native 42 Calystegia sepium (L.)R.Br. subsp. limnophila (Greene)Brummitt Hedge False Bindweed Convolvulaceae Vine Native 43 Campsis radicans (L.)Seem. Trumpet Creeper Bignoniaceae Vine Native 44 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.)Medik. Sheperd's Purse Brassicaceae Herb Not Native 45 Cardamine sp. Bittercress Brassicaceae Herb 46 Carex sp. Sedge Cyperaceae Sedge 47 Carex comosa Boott Longhair Sedge Cyperaceae Sedge Native 48 Carex fissa Mack. var. aristata F.J.Herm. Hammock Sedge Cyperaceae Sedge Native 49 Carex intumescens Rudge Greater Bladder Sedge Cyperaceae Sedge Native 50 Carpinus caroliniana Walter American Hornbeam; Bluebeech Betulaceae Tree Native 51 Carya alba (L.)Nutt. Mockernut Hickory Juglandaceae Tree Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 52 Carya glabra (Mill.)Sweet Pignut Hickory Juglandaceae Tree Native 53 Catalpa bignonioides Walter Southern Catalpa Bignoniaceae Tree Native 54 Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry; Hackberry Celtidaceae Tree Native 55 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Common Buttonbush Rubiaceae Tree Native 56 Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud Fabaceae Tree Native 57 Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Hairyfruit Chervil Apiaceae Herb Native 58 Chamaesyce sp. Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Herb 59 Chamaesyce hirta (L.)Millsp. Pillpod Sandmat Euphorbiaceae Herb Native 60 Chasmanthium sp. Woodoats Poaceae Grass 61 Chasmanthium laxum (L.)Yates Slender Woodoats Poaceae Grass Native 62 Chenopodium album L. Lamb's Quarters Amaranthaceae Herb Not Native 63 Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea Amaranthaceae Herb Not Native 64 Chionanthus virginicus L. White Fringetree; Old Man's Beard Oleaceae Tree Native 65 Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock Apiaceae Herb Native 66 Cinnamomum camphora (L.)J.Presl Camphortree Lauraceae Tree EPPC(I) 67 Cirsium sp. Thistle Asteraceae Herb 68 Cirsium nuttallii DC. Nuttall's Thistle Asteraceae Herb Native 69 Citrus x aurantium L. Sour Orange Rutaceae Tree Not Native 70 Clematis sp. Virginsbower Ranunculaceae Vine 71 Clematis catesbyana Pursh Satincurls Ranunculaceae Vine Native 72 Clematis crispa L. Swamp Leather-Flower Ranunculaceae Vine Native 73 Clematis reticulata Walter Netleaf Leather-Flower Ranunculaceae Vine Native 74 Clematis terniflora DC. Sweet Autumn Virginsbower Ranunculaceae Vine Not Native 75 Clematis virginiana L. Virginsbower Ranunculaceae Vine Native 76 Cnidoscolus stimulosus (Michx.)Engelm. & A.Gray Tread Softly; Finger Rot Euphorbiaceae Herb Native 77 Cocculus carolinus (L.)DC. Carolina Coralbead Menispermaceae Vine Native 78 Collinsonia serotina Walter Blueridge Horsebalm Lamiaceae Herb Native 79 Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott Wild Taro; Dasheen; Coco Yam Araceae Herb EPPC(I) 80 Commelina sp. Dayflower Commelinaceae Herb 81 Commelina erecta L. Whitemouth Dayflower Commelinaceae Herb Native 82 Commelina virginica L. Virginia Dayflower Commelinaceae Herb Native 83 Commelina communis L. Asiatic Dayflower Commelinaceae Herb Not Native 84 Cornus florida L. Flowering Dogwood Cornaceae Tree Native 85 Cornus foemina Mill. Swamp Dogwood; Stiff Dogwood Cornaceae Tree Native 86 Cornus asperifolia Michx. Roughleaf Dogwood Cornaceae Tree Native 87 Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.ex A.Gray)A.Gray subsp. australis (Chapm.)G.B. Smallflower Fumewort; Harlequin Fumariaceae Herb Native 88 Crataegus sp. Hawthorne Rosaceae Shrub 89 Crataegus flava Aiton Yellowleaf Hawthorne Rosaceae Shrub Native 90 Crataegus marshallii Eggl. Parsley Hawthorne Rosaceae Shrub Native 91 Crataegus uniflora Münchh. Dwarf Hawthorne Rosaceae Shrub Native 92 Crinum asiaticum L. Poisonbulb Amaryllidaceae Herb Not Native 93 Crotalaria sp. Rattlebox Fabaceae Herb 94 Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. obovata (G.Don) Polhill Smooth Rattlebox Fabaceae Herb Not Native 95 Crotalaria spectabilis Roth Showy Rattlebox Fabaceae Herb Not Native 96 Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schult. Scaldweed Convolvulaceae Vine Native 97 Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.)Sprague ex Britton & P.Wilson Marsh Parsley Apiaceae Herb Not Native 98 Cynanchum scoparium Nutt. Leafless Swallowwort Apocynaceae Vine Native 99 Cyperus sp. Flatsedge Cyperaceae Sedge 100 Cyperus croceus Vahl Baldwin's Flatsedge Cyperaceae Sedge Native 101 Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Tropical Flatsedge Cyperaceae Sedge Native 102 Decodon verticillatus (L.)Elliott Willow Herb; Swamp Loosestrife Lythraceae Shrub Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 103 Decumaria barbara L. Cowitch Vine; Climbing Hydrangea; Woodvamp Hydrangeaceae Vine Native 104 Desmodium sp. Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Herb 105 Desmodium incanum DC. Zarzabacoa comun Fabaceae Herb Not Native 106 Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.)DC. Dixie Ticktrefoil Fabaceae Herb Not Native 107 Dichanthelium sp. Witchgrass Poaceae Grass 108 Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.)Gould Variable Witchgrass Poaceae Grass Native 109 Dichondra carolinensis Michx. Carolina Ponysfoot Convolvulaceae Vine Native 110 Diodia teres Walter Poor Joe; Rough Buttonweed Rubiaceae Herb Native 111 Dioscorea bulbifera L. Air Potato Dioscoreaceae Vine EPPC(I) 112 Dioscorea floridana Bartlett Florida Yam Dioscoreaceae Vine Native 113 Diospyros virginiana L. Common Persimmon Ebenaceae Tree Native 114 Drymaria cordata (L.)Willd. ex Schult. Drymary; West Indian Chickweed Caryophyllaceae Herb Native 115 Dryopteris ludoviciana (Kunze)Small Southern Wood Fern Dryopteridaceae Fern Native 116 Eclipta prostrata (L.)L. False Daisy Asteraceae Herb Native 117 Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Koda Wood Boraginaceae Tree Not Native 118 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)Solms Common Water Hyacinth Pontederiaceae Aquatic EPPC(I) 119 Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Silverthorn; Thorny Olive Elaeagnaceae Shrub EPPC(II) 120 Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Carolina Elephantsfoot Asteraceae Herb Native 121 Eleusine indica (L.)Gaertn. Indian Goosegrass Poaceae Grass Not Native 122 Emilia fosbergii Nicholson Florida Tasselflower Asteraceae Herb Not Native 123 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.)Raf. ex DC. American Burnweed; Fireweed Asteraceae Herb Native 124 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)Lindl. Loquat Rosaceae Tree Not Native 125 Erythrina herbacea L. Coralbean; Cherokee Bean Fabaceae Shrub Native 126 Euonymus americanus L. American Strawberrybush; Heart's A'Busting Celastraceae Shrub Native 127 Eupatorium sp. Thoroughwort Asteraceae Shrub 128 Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.)Small ex Porter & Britton Dogfennel Asteraceae Shrub Native 129 Fraxinus sp. Ash Oleaceae Tree 130 Fraxinus americana L. White Ash Oleaceae Tree Native 131 Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. Carolina Ash; Water Ash; Pop Ash Oleaceae Tree Native 132 Galactia sp. Milkpea Fabaceae Herb 133 Galactia volubilis (L.)Britton Downy Milkpea Fabaceae Herb Native 134 Galium sp. Bedstraw Rubiaceae Herb 135 Galium aparine L. Goosegrass; Spring Cleavers; Stickywilly Rubiaceae Herb Native 136 Galium hispidulum Michx. Coastal Bedstraw Rubiaceae Herb Native 137 Galium uniflorum Michx. Oneflower Bedstraw Rubiaceae Herb Native 138 Gamochaeta sp. Everlasting Asteraceae Herb 139 Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.)Cabrera Pennsylvania Everlasting Asteraceae Herb Not Native 140 Gelsemium sempervirens (L.)Aiton f. Yellow Jessamine; Carolina Jessamine Gelsemiaceae Vine Native 141 Geranium carolinianum L. Carolina Cranesbill Geraniaceae Herb Native 142 Gomphrena serrata L. Arrasa Con Todo Amaranthaceae Herb Not Native 143 Hedera helix L. English Ivy Araliaceae Vine Not Native 144 Hieracium sp. Hawkweed Asteraceae Herb 145 Hydrocotyle sp. Marshpennywort Apiaceae Herb 146 Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Manyflower Marshpennywort Apiaceae Herb Native 147 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. Floating Marshpennywort Apiaceae Herb Native 148 Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Whorled Marshpennywort Apiaceae Herb Native 149 Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Rantz St. Andrew's Cross Clusiaceae Shrub Native 150 Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.)Briq. Tropical Bushmint Lamiaceae Herb Not Native 151 Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. Chinese Holly Aquifoliaceae Shrub Not Native 152 Ilex cassine L. Dahoon Holly Aquifoliaceae Shrub Native 153 Ilex opaca Aiton American Holly Aquifoliaceae Tree Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 154 Ilex vomitoria Aiton Yaupon Aquifoliaceae Tree Native 155 Imperata cylindrica (L.)P.Beauv. Cogongrass Poaceae Grass EPPC(I) 156 Indigofera hirsuta L. Hairy Indigo Fabaceae Herb Not Native 157 Indigofera spicata Forssk. Trailing Indigo Fabaceae Herb Not Native 158 Ipomoea sp. Morning Glory Convolvulaceae Vine 159 Ipomoea cairica (L.)Sweet Mile A Minute Vine Convolvulaceae Vine Not Native 160 Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennst. Tievine Convolvulaceae Vine Native 161 Ipomoea hederifolia L. Scarletcreeper Convolvulaceae Vine Native 162 Ipomoea pandurata (L.)G.Mey. Man of the Earth Convolvulaceae Vine Native 163 Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Juba's Bush Amaranthaceae Herb Native 164 Iris hexagona Walter Dixie Iris; Prairie Iris Iridaceae Herb Native 165 Itea virginica L. Virginia Willow; Virginia Sweetspire Iteaceae Tree Native 166 Juncus sp. Rush Juncaceae Rush 167 Juncus effusus L. subsp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand)Hämet-Ahti Soft Rush Juncaceae Rush Native 168 Juniperus virginiana L. Red Cedar Cupressaceae Tree Native 169 Lactuca graminifolia Michx. Grassleaf Lettuce Asteraceae Herb Native 170 Lagerstroemia indica L. Crapemyrtle Lythraceae Shrub Not Native 171 Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit Deadnettle Lamiaceae Herb Not Native 172 Landoltia punctata (G.Mey.)Les & D.J.Crawford Dotted Duckweed Araceae Aquatic Not Native 173 Lantana camara L. Lantana; Shrubverbena Verbenaceae Shrub EPPC(I) 174 Lemna spp. Duckweed Araceae Aquatic 175 Lepidium virginicum L. Virginia Pepperweed Brassicaceae Herb Native 176 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.)de Wit White Leadtree Fabaceae Tree EPPC(II) 177 Ligustrum lucidum Aiton f. Glossy Privet Oleaceae Tree EPPC(I) 178 Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese Privet Oleaceae Tree Not Native 179 Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese Privet Oleaceae Tree EPPC(I) 180 Liquidambar styraciflua L. Sweetgum Altingiaceae Tree Native 181 Liriope spicata Lour. Monkey Grass; Border Grass Ruscaceae Herb Not Native 182 Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinalflower Campanulaceae Herb Threatened-FL 183 Lonicera sempervirens L. Coral Honeysuckle; Trumpet Honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Vine Native 184 Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese Honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Vine EPPC(I) 185 Ludwigia sp. Primrosewillow Onagraceae Herb 186 Ludwigia peruviana (L.)H.Hara Peruvian Primrosewillow Onagraceae Shrub Not Native 187 Lycopus rubellus Moench Taperleaf Water Horehound Lamiaceae Herb Native 188 Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.)Sw. Japanese Climbing Fern Schizeaceae Fern EPPC(I) 189 Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.)A.H.Gentry Catclaw Vine Bignoniaceae Vine EPPC(I) 190 Magnolia grandiflora L. Southern Magnolia Magnoliaceae Tree Native 191 Magnolia virginiana L. Sweetbay Magnoliaceae Tree Native 192 Matelea floridana (Vail)Woodson Florida Milkvine; Florida Spiny Pod Apocynaceae Herb Endangered-FL 193 Medicago lupulina L. Black Medick Fabaceae Herb Not Native 194 Medicago polymorpha L. Burr Clover Fabaceae Herb Not Native 195 Melanthera nivea (L.)Small Snow Squarestem Asteraceae Herb Native 196 Melia azedarach L. Chinaberry Tree Meliaceae Tree EPPC(II) 197 Melothria pendula L. Creeping Cucumber Cucurbitaceae Vine Native 198 Merremia dissecta (Jacq.)Hallier f. Noyau Vine Convolvulaceae Vine Not Native 199 Mikania sp. Hempvine Asteraceae Vine 200 Mikania cordifolia (L.f.)Willd. Florida Keys Hempvine Asteraceae Vine Native 201 Mikania scandens (L.)Willd. Climbing Hempvine Asteraceae Vine Native 202 Mitchella repens L. Partridgeberry; Twinberry Rubiaceae Herb Native 203 Morus sp. Mulberry Moraceae Tree 204 Morus alba L. White Mulberry Moraceae Tree Not Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 205 Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry Moraceae Tree Native 206 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Nakedstem Dewflower Commelinaceae Herb Not Native 207 Myrica cerifera L. Southern Bayberry; Wax Myrtle Myricaceae Tree Native 208 Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.)Verdc. Parrotfeather Water Milfoil Haloragaceae Aquatic Not Native 209 Nandina domestica Thunb. Sacred Bamboo; Heavenly Bamboo Berberidaceae Shrub Not Native 210 Nephrolepis sp. Swordfern Nephrolepidaceae Fern Not Native 211 Nuphar advena (Aiton)Aiton f. Spatterdock; Yellow Pondlily Nymphaeaceae Aquatic Native 212 Nyssa sylvatica Marshall var. biflora (Walter) Sarg. Swamp Tupelo Cornaceae Tree Native 213 Oenothera sp. Eveningprimrose Onagraceae Herb 214 Oenothera biennis L. Common Eveningprimrose Onagraceae Herb Native 215 Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Flattop Mille Graines Rubiaceae Herb Not Native 216 Oldenlandia uniflora L. Clustered Mille Graines Rubiaceae Herb Native 217 Onosmodium virginianum (L.)DC. False Gromwell; Wild Job's Tears Boraginaceae Herb Native 218 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.)P.Beauv. Woodsgrass; Basketgrass Poaceae Grass Native 219 Orontium aquaticum L. Goldenclub; Neverwet Araceae Herb Native 220 Osmanthus americanus (L.)Benth. & Hook.f. ex A.Gray Wild Olive; American Devilwood Oleaceae Tree Native 221 Osmunda cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern Osmundaceae Fern Native 222 Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.)A.Gray Royal Fern Osmundaceae Fern Native 223 Ostrya virginiana (Mill.)K.Koch Eastern Hophornbeam Betulaceae Tree Native 224 Oxalis corniculata L. Common Yellow Woodsorrel; Creeping Woodsorrel Oxalidaceae Herb Native 225 Oxalis debilis Kunth var. corymbosa (DC.)Lourteig Pink Woodsorrel Oxalidaceae Herb Not Native 226 Oxalis latifolia Kunth Broadleaf Woodsorrel Oxalidaceae Herb Not Native 227 Panicum sp. Panicgrass Poaceae Grass 228 Panicum maximum Jacq. Guineagrass Poaceae Grass EPPC(II) 229 Parietaria floridana Nutt. Florida Pellitory Urticaceae Herb Native 230 Parietaria praetermissa Hinton Clustered Pellitory Urticaceae Herb Native 231 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.)Planch. Virginia Creeper; Woodbine Vitaceae Vine Native 232 Paspalum sp. Crowngrass Poaceae Grass 233 Paspalum urvillei Steud. Vaseygrass Poaceae Grass Not Native 234 Passiflora lutea L. Yellow Passionflower Passifloraceae Vine Native 235 Peltandra virginica (L.)Schott Green Arrow Arum Araceae Herb Native 236 Persea borbonia (L.)Spreng. Red Bay Lauraceae Tree Native 237 Persea palustris (Raf.)Sarg. Swamp Bay Lauraceae Tree Native 238 Petiveria alliacea L. Guinea Hen Weed Petiveriaceae Herb Native 239 Phaseolus polystachios (L.)Britton et al. Thicket Bean Fabaceae Vine Native 240 Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.)Reveal & M.C.Johnst. Oak Mistletoe Viscaceae Parasitic Native 241 Phyla nodiflora (L.)Greene Turkey Tangle Fogfruit; Capeweed Verbenaceae Herb Native 242 Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Mascarene Island Leafflower Phyllanthaceae Herb Not Native 243 Phyllanthus urinaria L. Chamber Bitter Phyllanthaceae Herb Not Native 244 Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C.Rivière Golden Bamboo Poaceae Grass EPPC(II) 245 Physalis angulata L. Cutleaf Groundcherry Solanaceae Herb Native 246 Phytolacca americana L. var. rigida (Small) Caulkins & Wyatt American Pokeweed Phytolaccaceae Shrub Native 247 Pilea microphylla (L.)Liebm. Artillery Plant; Rockweed Urticaceae Herb Native 248 Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine Pinaceae Tree Native 249 Pinus taeda L. Loblolly Pine Pinaceae Tree Native 250 Pistachia chinensis Chinese Pistachio Anacardiaceae Tree Not Native 251 Pistia stratiotes L. Water Lettuce Araceae Aquatic EPPC(I) 252 Plantago lanceolata L. English Plantain; Narrowleaf Plantain Plantaginaceae Herb Not Native 253 Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.)E.G.Andrews & Windham var. michauxiana (Weat Resurrection Fern Polypodiaceae Fern Native 254 Poa annua L. Annual Bluegrass Poaceae Grass Not Native 255 Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.)D.Don Yew Plumpine Podocarpaceae Tree Not Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 256 Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray)Bartling Paintedleaf; Fire on the Mountain Euphorbiaceae Herb Native 257 Polygonatum biflorum (Walter)Elliott Smooth Solomon's Seal Ruscaceae Herb Native 258 Polygonum sp. Knotweed Polygonaceae Herb 259 Polypremum procumbens L. Rustweed; Juniperleaf Tetrachondraceae Herb Native 260 Pontederia cordata L. Pickerelweed Pontederiaceae Herb Native 261 Prunus caroliniana (Mill.)Aiton Carolina Laurelcherry Rosaceae Tree Native 262 Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry Rosaceae Tree Native 263 Prunus umbellata Elliott Flatwoods Plum; Hog Plum Rosaceae Tree Native 264 Ptelea trifoliata L. Common Hoptree; Wafer Ash Rutaceae Tree Native 265 Pteridium aquilinum (L.)Kuhn var. pseudocaudatum (Clute)Clute ex A.Heller Tailed Bracken Fern Dennstaedtiaceae Fern Native 266 Quercus hemisphaerica Hort. ex Endl. Upland Laurel Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 267 Quercus laurifolia Michx. Diamond Leaf Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 268 Quercus austrina Small Bastard White Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 269 Quercus falcata Michx. Spanish Oak; Southern Red Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 270 Quercus geminata Small Sand Live Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 271 Quercus michauxii Nutt. Basket Oak; Swamp Chestnut Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 272 Quercus nigra L. Water Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 273 Quercus shumardii Buckley Shumard's Oak Fagaceae Tree Native 274 Quercus virginiana Mill. Live oak Fagaceae Tree Native 275 Ranunculus sp. Buttercup Ranunculaceae Herb 276 Raphanus raphanistrum L. Wild Radish Brassicaceae Herb Not Native 277 Rhamnus caroliniana Walter Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnaceae Tree Native 278 Rhus copallinum L. Winged Sumac Anacardiaceae Tree Native 279 Rhynchospora sp. Beaksedge Cyperaceae Sedge 280 Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.)A.Gray Millet Beaksedge Cyperaceae Sedge Native 281 Richardia brasiliensis Gomes Tropical Mexican Clover Rubiaceae Herb Not Native 282 Rivina humilis L. Rougeplant Petiveriaceae Herb Native 283 Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry Rosaceae Shrub Native 284 Rubus cuneifolius Pursh Sand Blackberry Rosaceae Shrub Native 285 Rubus trivialis Michx. Southern Dewberry Rosaceae Shrub Native 286 Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F.Gmel.)Steud. Carolina Wild Petunia Acanthaceae Herb Native 287 Ruellia tweediana Griseb. Britton's Wild Petunia; Mexican Bluebell Acanthaceae Herb EPPC(I) 288 Rumex verticillatus L. Swamp Dock Polygonaceae Herb Native 289 Sabal minor (Jacq.)Pers. Dwarf Palmetto; Bluestem Palm Arecaceae Shrub Native 290 Sabal palmetto (Walter)Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. Cabbage Palm Arecaceae Tree Native 291 Sageretia minutiflora (Michx.)C.Mohr Smallflower Mock Buckthorn Rhamnaceae Tree Native 292 Sagittaria sp. Arrowhead Alismataceae Herb 293 Salix caroliniana Michx. Carolina Willow; Coastal Plain Willow Salicaceae Tree Native 294 Salvia lyrata L. Lyreleaf Sage Lamiaceae Herb Native 295 Salvinia minima Baker Water Spangles Salviniaceae Aquatic Not Native 296 Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.)Bolli American Elder; Elderberry Adoxaceae Shrub Native 297 Sanicula canadensis L. Canadian Blacksnakeroot Apiaceae Herb Native 298 Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.)Druce Bowstring Hemp; Mother in Law's Tongue Ruscaceae Shrub EPPC(II) 299 Sapindus saponaria L. Soapberry Sapindaceae Tree Native 300 Sapium sebiferum (L.)Roxb. Popcorntree; Chinese Tallowtree Euphorbiaceae Tree EPPC(I) 301 Saururus cernuus L. Lizard's Tail Saururaceae Herb Native 302 Scleria triglomerata Michx. Tall Nutgrass; Whip Nutrush Cyperaceae Sedge Native 303 Sesbania sp. Fabaceae Herb 304 Sesbania vesicaria (Jacq.)Elliott Bladderpod; Bagpod Fabaceae Herb Native 305 Setaria sp. Bristlegrass Poaceae Grass 306 Severinia buxifolia (Poir.)Ten. Chinese Boxorange Rutaceae Shrub Not Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 307 Sida acuta Burm.f. Common Wireweed; Common Fanpetals Malvaceae Herb Native 308 Sida rhombifolia L. Cuban Jute; Indian Hemp Malvaceae Herb Native 309 Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. Gum Bully Sapotaceae Shrub Native 310 Sideroxylon reclinatum Michx. Florida Bully Sapotaceae Shrub Native 311 Sisyrinchium sp. Blueeyed Grass Iridaceae Herb 312 Smallanthus uvedalia (L.)Mack. ex Small Hairy Leafcup Asteraceae Herb Native 313 Smilax auriculata Walter Earleaf Greenbriar Smilacaceae Vine Native 314 Smilax bona-nox L. Saw Greenbriar Smilacaceae Vine Native 315 Smilax glauca Walter Cat Greenbriar; Wild Sarsaparilla Smilacaceae Vine Native 316 Smilax lasioneuron Hook. Blueridge Carrionflower Smilacaceae Vine Native 317 Smilax pumila Walter Sarsaparilla Vine Smilacaceae Vine Native 318 Smilax smallii Morong Jackson Vine; Lanceleaf Greenbriar Smilacaceae Vine Native 319 Smilax tamnoides L. Bristly Greenbriar; Hogbrier Smilacaceae Vine Native 320 Solanum americanum Mill. American Black Nightshade Solanaceae Herb Native 321 Solidago sp. Goldenrod Asteraceae Herb 322 Sonchus asper (L.)Hill Spiny Sowthistle Asteraceae Herb Not Native 323 Sonchus oleraceus L. Common Sowthistle Asteraceae Herb Not Native 324 Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. Woodland False Buttonweed Rubiaceae Herb Native 325 Sporobolus indicus (L.)R.Br. Smutgrass Poaceae Grass Not Native 326 Stachys floridana Shuttlew. ex Benth. Florida Hedgenettle; Florida Betony Lamiaceae Herb Native 327 Stellaria media (L.)Vill. Common Chickweed Caryophyllaceae Herb Not Native 328 Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter)Kuntze St. Augustine Grass Poaceae Grass Native 329 Symphyotrichum carolinianum (Walter)Wunderlin & B.F.Hansen Climbing Aster Asteraceae Shrub Native 330 Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.)G.L.Nesom Rice Button Aster Asteraceae Herb Native 331 Symphyotrichum elliottii (Torr. & A.Gray)G.L.Nesom Elliott's Aster Asteraceae Herb Native 332 Syngonium podophyllum Schott American Evergreen Araceae Vine EPPC(I) 333 Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg. Common Dandelion Asteraceae Herb Not Native 334 Taxodium distichum (L.)Rich. Bald Cypress Cupressaceae Tree Native 335 Teucrium canadense L. Woodsage; Canadian Germander Lamiaceae Herb Native 336 Thelyptreis sp. Maiden Fern Thelypteridaceae Fern 337 Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.)C.V.Morton Widespread Maiden Fern; Southern Shieldfern Thelypteridaceae Fern Native 338 Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (G.Lawson)Fernald Marsh Fern Thelypteridaceae Fern Native 339 Tilia americana L. var. caroliniana (Mill.)Castigl. Carolina Basswood Malvaceae Tree Native 340 Tillandsia bartramii Elliott Bartram's Airplant Bromeliaceae Epiphyte Native 341 Tillandsia recurvata (L.)L. Ballmoss Bromeliaceae Epiphyte Native 342 Tillandsia usneoides (L.)L. Spanish Moss Bromeliaceae Epiphyte Native 343 Toxicodendron radicans (L.)Kuntze Eastern Poison Ivy Anacardiaceae Vine Native 344 Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.)Lem. Confederate Jasmine Apocynaceae Vine Not Native 345 Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. Small Leaf Spiderwort Commelinaceae Herb EPPC(I) 346 Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Bluejacket; Ohio Spiderwort Commelinaceae Herb Native 347 Trichostema dichotomum L. Forked Bluecurls Lamiaceae Herb Native 348 Trifolium repens L. White Clover; Dutch Clover Fabaceae Herb Not Native 349 Trillium maculatum Raf. Spotted Wakerobin Trilliaceae Herb Native 350 Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail Typhaceae Herb Native 351 Ulmus alata Michx. Winged Elm Ulmaceae Tree Native 352 Ulmus americana L. American Elm Ulmaceae Tree Native 353 Urena lobata L. Caesarweed Malvaceae Herb EPPC(II) 354 Vaccinium arboreum Marshall Sparkleberry; Farkleberry Ericaceae Shrub Native 355 Verbesina virginica L. White Crownbeard; Frostweed Asteraceae Herb Native 356 Vernonia gigantea (Walter)Trel. ex Branner & Coville Giant Ironweed Asteraceae Herb Native 357 Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Gawl. Sweet Viburnum Adoxaceae Shrub Not Native Species # Species Common name Plant family Habit Status 358 Viburnum nudum L. Possumhaw Adoxaceae Shrub Native 359 Viburnum obovatum Walter Walter's Viburnum; Small Leaf Viburnum Adoxaceae Shrub Native 360 Viburnum rufidulum Raf. Rusty Blackhaw Adoxaceae Shrub Native 361 Vicia acutifolia Elliott Fourleaf Vetch Fabaceae Herb Native 362 Vicia sativa L. Common Vetch Fabaceae Herb Not Native 363 Vinca major L. Bigleaf Periwinkle Apocynaceae Herb Not Native 364 Viola sp. Violet Violaceae Herb Native 365 Viola palmata L. Early Blue Violet Violaceae Herb Native 366 Viola sororia Willd. Common Blue Violet Violaceae Herb Native 367 Viola walteri House Prostrate Blue Violet Violaceae Herb Native 368 Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape Vitaceae Vine Native 369 Vitis rotundifolia Michx. Muscadine Grape Vitaceae Vine Native 370 Wisteria sinensis (Sims)Sweet Chinese Wisteria Fabaceae Vine EPPC(II) 371 Woodwardia areolata (L.)T.Moore Netted Chain Fern Blechnaceae Fern Native 372 Woodwardia virginica (L.)Sm. Virginia Chain Fern Blechnaceae Fern Native 373 Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.)Schott Arrowleaf Elephantear Araceae Herb EPPC(II) 374 Youngia japonica (L.)DC. Oriental False Hawksbeard Asteraceae Herb Not Native 375 Yucca aloifolia L. Spanish Bayonet; Aloe Yucca Agavaceae Shrub Native 376 Yucca filamentosa L. Adam's Needle Agavaceae Shrub Native 377 Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.)Döll & Asch. Southern Wild Rice; Giant Cutgrass Poaceae Grass Native Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 1 XO 2 XO XF X F X F X F XF X F X O 3 XO XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F 4 XO 5 XO 6 XO X F X O X F X O XO 7 XI 8 XO XI XI XO 9 XI 10 XF 11 XO 12 XO 13 XF X O X O XO X O 14 XO 15 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F 16 XF XO 17 XI 18 XF XF XF XF X F XF 19 XI XO XI 20 XA XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X O X F 21 XI XI X O X I X O X I X I 22 XI X O X O X O X O XO 23 XO X O X O X O 24 XO 25 XI XO XI XI XO 26 XI 27 XO X O X O XO 28 XI XI 29 XO XI XO 30 XO X F 31 XI XO 32 XO XO 33 XF XF X F X F X F XF X F X F X O 34 XF XF X F 35 XO XO X O X F X O X O XO X O X O 36 XO X O X O XO 37 XI 38 XI XI XI 39 XR X R 40 XF XO X F X F X F X O XF X F X F X F 41 XO XO 42 XO 43 XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 44 XF 45 XX X X 46 XXX XFXFX 47 XF XO XO 48 XO X O X O XO 49 XO XO XO XO 50 XF X F X F X F X F XF X F 51 XI XI 52 XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X O X F X F 53 XI 54 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 55 XF X F X F XF X F X F 56 XO XO X O X O XI 57 XO XI 58 XX X 59 XO 60 X 61 XO XO X F X O X O 62 XO Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 63 XI 64 XO X O 65 XF 66 XF XO XF X F X O XO X F X O 67 X 68 XO 69 XI XO X I X O XO X I X I 70 XX 71 XO XI XO XO XO XI 72 XO 73 XO 74 XO 75 XO 76 XI XI XI X I 77 XO XI XI 78 XI 79 XO XF XF X F X F XF X F X F 80 X XX X 81 XO XO 82 XI XO 83 XO 84 XO 85 X Planted X F XO XF 86 XO XI 87 XI XO 88 XO 89 90 XO XO 91 XO XO X O X O XO 92 XI 93 X X 94 XO 95 XO 96 XF X F 97 XO 98 XF 99 XX X X X 100 101 XO 102 XF 103 XF X F X F X F XO X F X F 104 XX X 105 XF XF XF XO XF 106 XO 107 X XX XX XOX 108 XO XF XO XF 109 XF XF X F X F XO X O 110 XF 111 XA XO X F X F X O XO X O 112 XI X I X O X I X I XI X I X I 113 XI XF XO XO XO 114 XF XF X F X O X O 115 XO 116 XO X O XO 117 XO XI X F XI 118 XF XF X O 119 XO X O X I X I XO 120 XO XO X O X O X O XO 121 XO XO 122 XO 123 XI 124 XO XI X I X O X I X I XI X I X X O Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 125 XO XO X O X F X F X O XO X F X F 126 XF X F X O XO X F 127 X XX 128 XO X O X O X O XO X O 129 X 130 XO XO X O X F XO X O 131 XF 132 X X 133 XO 134 XXX X XX 135 XF XF XF X F X F X F XO X O X F 136 XF X F X F XO X O 137 XF 138 X X 139 XO 140 XF XF XO XO XF 141 XF X F X O X F X O XO X O 142 XO X O 143 XO X F X F X O X O XO 144 X 145 XXX X 146 XF X F X F X F XF X F X F 147 XF X F XF 148 XF XF X F X F 149 XI XI 150 XF XF XF XF X F 151 XR 152 XO 153 XO XO 154 XI XO XO XO XI XO 155 XI 156 XO XO 157 XF X F X O XO 158 XX X X 159 XF XO X F XF 160 XF XO X F XF 161 XI XF 162 XI XO 163 XO 164 XI 165 XF X F X O X F X F XF X F 166 X 167 XO X O XO 168 XO XO XO X O X O X O X O XO X O X O 169 XO 170 XO 171 XO XO 172 XF 173 XF XO X F X F X O X O XF X O X O X O 174 XF X F 175 XF X O XF X F 176 XR XR 177 XF XF XO X F X F X O X O XF X F X F X O 178 XR 179 XO XO X F XF X F X I X O 180 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 181 XO XI 182 XO 183 XO XF XO XO X F 184 XO X O X O X O XF X F 185 X 186 XF X F X O XF X F X F Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 187 XO 188 XI 189 XA XF X F X F X O XF X F X A 190 XO XO X O X O X O X O XO X I X I X O 191 XF X I X O X F X O 192 XI XI X I X I X I XI 193 XO X F X O X O XF X O X O X O 194 XO XF XO X O 195 XO XO 196 XO XI X R X I X I XO X I 197 XO XO XF X F 198 XO XO 199 X X 200 XI XI 201 XO X O X O X O XO X O 202 XF X F X F XF 203 204 XI 205 XO XO X O X F XO X O 206 XF XO 207 XF X F X F X F X F X F XF X F X F 208 XO X F 209 XI 210 XO XO XI 211 XF 212 XF X F X F XF X F 213 X 214 XO 215 XO 216 XO 217 XI 218 XO XF XF X F X F X F X O XF X F X F X F 219 XF XF 220 XI X O 221 XF XF X F 222 XO X O X I X O X F XF X F 223 XO XO XF XF XF XO XF 224 XF XF XO XO XO 225 XF X O X O X O XO X O X O 226 XF 227 X 228 XF XF XF XF 229 XF XO X O X O X F X O XO X O 230 XO XO 231 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 232 X X 233 XO 234 XO X O X O X O X O X F 235 XO 236 XO XO 237 XO X O 238 XF 239 XO XO 240 XI XI X 241 XF XO X O 242 XF XF XF XF X F XF 243 XF X F X F XF X F X F 244 XO 245 XI 246 XO XI X O X O X O XO X O X O X O 247 XO 248 XO XO Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 249 XF XF XF X F X F X F X O XF X F 250 XI 251 XF 252 XO 253 XF XF XF X F X O X O XO 254 XF X F XO XO XF 255 XI XI X I 256 XO X O X O XO 257 XI 258 X XX 259 XI 260 XF XO 261 XF XF XF X F X F X F X O XF X F X F X F 262 XO XO XO X O X O X O XO X O X O 263 XO X I XO X I X O 264 XI XI 265 XI XO 266 XF XF X F X F X O XF XF XF XO XF XF 267 XF X F X F X F XO X O 268 XI XO 269 XO XO 270 XO 271 XO XO X O X O X O X O XO X O X O 272 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F 273 XO X O XO 274 XF XF XO X O X O X O X O XO X O 275 X XX 276 XO 277 X Planted 278 XO X O X O XF X O 279 XX 280 XO 281 XF XF 282 XI XI XI 283 XF X F X F X O X O XF X F X F 284 XO 285 XO XO XO X F X O XO X F 286 XO XO X O X O X O XO X O X O 287 XO XF XO 288 XF 289 XI XF X O X O X I X O XO X O 290 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 291 XI 292 XF 293 XF X F X O X F X F XF X F 294 XO X F X O XO 295 XF XF X F 296 XO XF XF X F X F X O X F XF X F X F 297 XO XF X O X F X O XF X F 298 XI 299 XO X F X O X O XF X O 300 XO X I X I XF 301 XF X F X F XF X F 302 XO XO 303 X 304 XO 305 XX 306 XO XO X I XI 307 XF XF X F 308 XF XF X F X F X F X O XF X O X F 309 XI XR 310 XI XI Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 311 XO 312 XO XO 313 XO X O X O XF 314 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 315 XO XO X I X O XO X X O 316 XI 317 XO XO 318 XF XF XF X F X F X F XF X F X F 319 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F 320 XO XO X O X O X O X O XO X O X O 321 XX XXX 322 XO X O X O X O 323 XO XO XO XO XO X O 324 XO 325 XO XF XO 326 XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X O 327 XF 328 XO 329 XO XO 330 XO X O X O XF 331 XO 332 XI X I XI 333 XO 334 XO XO 335 XF XO 336 X X 337 XF X F X F X O X O XF X O 338 XF X F X F X O XF 339 XO XF X F X F X F X O XF X F X F 340 XI 341 XF XF X F X F X F X F XO X O X O X O 342 XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X O X F X F 343 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F X F 344 XO 345 XO XF X F X F X I XO X A 346 XO XO XO 347 XI 348 XO XO X O X O 349 XO XI 350 XF X F XF X O 351 XO XO X F X F X F X O XF X O X F X F 352 XO X O X O X O XO 353 XO X O X O XO X O 354 XF XO 355 XO 356 XF XO X F X F X F XF X F X F X O 357 XR 358 XO 359 XO XO XO 360 XI XO 361 XO 362 XF XO XF X F X F X F X O XF X O X X O 363 364 X XX 365 XO XO XO 366 XO XF X F X O X O X O XO X O X O 367 XO 368 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X F X F 369 XF XF XF X F X F X F X F XF X O X F 370 XO 371 XF X O X F X F X O XF X F X F 372 XO XO XO XO XF Bartram Bartram Carr Lake Alice Species Bivens Bivens E. Bivens Bivens Rim Fraternity Fraternity Graham Graham Harmonic Harmonic Hogtown Hogtown Lake Lake Alice Lake Alice McCarty McCarty NATL-east NATL-east Carr Woods South Number East Abundance Rim Abundance Wetlands Abundance Woods Abundance Woods Abundance Creek Abundance Alice Abundance South Woods Abundance (Surge) Abundance Woods Abundance Abundance 373 XF X F X O XF 374 XO XF XF X F X F X O X O XO X O X O 375 XI XI 376 XO XI 377 XF X F XF