Zweiter Beitrag Zur Systematik Der Blattwespengattung Tenthredo (S
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Die Pflanzenwespen
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz Jahr/Year: 1987 Band/Volume: 40_1987 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schedl Wolfgang Artikel/Article: Die Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) des Landesmuseums Joanneum in Graz Teil 6: Tenthredinoidea: Familie Tenthredinidae, Unterfamilie Tenthredininae 1-23 ©Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt. Abt. Zool. Landesmus. Joanneum Heft 40 S. 1—23 Graz 1987 Aus dem Institut für Zoologie der Universität Innsbruck Abteilung für Terrestrische Ökologie und Taxonomie Die Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Sym- phyta) des Landesmuseums Joanneum in Graz Teil 6: Tenthredinoidea: Familie Tenthredinidae, Unter- familie Tenthredininae Von Wolfgang SCHEDL Eingelangt am 14. April 1986 Mit 4 Abbildungen Inhalt: Es handelt sich um Ergebnisse der weiteren Bearbeitung von Pflanzenwespen des Landesmuseums Joanneum durch den Verf., speziell der Unterfamilie Tenthredininae innerhalb der Blattwespen i. e. S. Dabei wurden 502 Exemplare 72 Spezies und 3 Subspezies aus 10 Genera zugeordnet. Besonders bemerkenswert für die Fauna Österreichs sind die Taxone Tenthredo bifasciata violacea (ANDRÉ), T. neobesa ZOMBORI, T. succincta LEP. sensu CHEVIN 1983 und Macrophya alboannulata COSTA, sind neu für Österreich. Unter den behandelten Exemplaren befinden sich auch solche aus Deutschland (BRD und DDR), Italien, Jugoslawien und Ungarn. Abstract: Results of the further study of sawflies s. str. of the Landesmuseum Joanneum by the author. 502 specimens were studied and determined all of the subfamily Tenthredininae belonging to 10 genera, 72 species and 3 subspecies. Of special interest for the Austrian fauna are Tenthredo bif asciata violacea (ANDRÉ), T. neobesa ZOMBORI, T. -
The Reading Naturalist
The Reading Naturalist No. 53 Published by the Reading and District Natural History Society 2001 Price to Non Members £2.50 T H E R E A D I N G N A T U R A L I S T No 53 for the year 2000 The Journal of the Reading and District Natural History Society President Mr Rod d’Ayala Honorary General Secretary Mrs Catherine Butcher Honorary Editor Dr Malcolm Storey Editorial Sub-committee The Editor, Dr Alan Brickstock, Mrs Linda Carter, Mr Hugh H. Carter Miss June M. V. Housden, Mr David G. Notton Honorary Recorders Botany: Mrs Linda Carter, Fungi: Dr Alan Brickstock Entomology: Mr David G. Notton Invertebates other than insects: Mr Hugh H. Carter Vertebrates: Mr Hugh H. Carter CONTENTS Obituary 1 Members’ Observations 1 Excursions Meryl Beek 2 Wednesday Afternoon Walks Alan Brickstock 5 Meetings (1999-2000) Catherine Butcher 6 The Fishlock Prize 7 Membership Norman Hall 8 Presidential address: Some Mycological Ramblings Alan Brickstock 9 Natural History Services provided at the Museum of Reading David G. Notton 13 A Mutant Foxglove Malcolm Storey 16 Sehirus dubius (or should that be dubious!) Chris Raper 17 Hartslock – a Local Success Story Chris Raper 17 Recorders’ Reports Malcolm Storey 19 “RDB” and “N” status – The Jargon Explained Rod d’Ayala 19 Recorder’s Report for Botany 2000 Linda Carter 20 The New Berkshire Flora Malcolm Storey 23 Recorder’s Report for Mycology 2000 Alan Brickstock 24 Recorder’s Report for Entomology 2000 David G. Notton 27 Recorder’s Report for Invertebrates other than insects 2000 Hugh H. -
A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Tenthredinidae (Symphyta, Hymenoptera)
TurkJZool 28(2004)37-54 ©TÜB‹TAK AContributiontotheKnowledgeoftheTenthredinidae (Symphyta,Hymenoptera)FaunaofTurkey PartI:TheSubfamilyTenthredininae* ÖnderÇALMAfiUR,HikmetÖZBEK AtatürkUniversity,FacultyofAgriculture,DepartmentofPlantProtection, 25240Erzurum-TURKEY Received:07.02.2003 Abstract: ThesubfamilyTenthredininaeinthefamilyTenthredinidaewastreatedinthispartofthestudyregardingthesawfly (Symphyta,Hymenoptera)faunaofTurkey.Thematerialswerecollectedfromvariouslocalitiesaroundthecountry,though examplesfromeasternTurkeyarepredominant.Afterexaminingmorethan2500specimens,57speciesin8generawererecorded. ElevenspecieswerenewforTurkishfauna;ofthese3specieswererecordedforthefirsttimeasAsianfauna.Furthermore,3 specieswereendemicforTurkey.ThedistributionandnewareasaswellasthehostplantsofsomespeciesaroundTurkeyandth e worldweregiven.Foreachspeciesitschorotypewasreported. KeyWords: Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae,Tenthredininae,Fauna,Turkey Türkiye’ninTenthredinidae(Symphyta,Hymenoptera)Faunas›naKatk›lar Bölüm:ITenthredininaeAltfamilyas› Özet: Türkiye’nintestereliar›(Symphyta,Hymenoptera)faunas›n›ntespitineyönelikçal›flmalar›nbubölümünde;Tenthredininae (Tenthredinidae)altfamilyas›eleal›nm›fl;incelenen2500’denfazlaörneksonucu,sekizcinseba¤l›toplam57türsaptanm›flt›r. Türkiyefaunas›içinyeniolduklar›saptanan11türdenüçününAsyafaunas›içindeyenikay›tolduklar›belirlenmifltir.ÜçtürünTürkiye içinendemikolduklar›saptanm›flt›r.Tespitedilentürlerinhementamam›içinyeniyay›lmaalanlar›belirlenmifl,birço¤unun konukçular›bulunmufltur.Türkiyevedünyadakida¤›l›fllar›chorotype’leriilebirlikteverilmifltir. -
Sambia Succinica, a Crown Group Tenthredinid from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Insect Systematics & Evolution 43 (2012) 271–281 brill.com/ise Sambia succinica, a crown group tenthredinid from Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Lars Vilhelmsena,* and Michael S. Engelb aNatural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark bDivision of Entomology (Paleoentomology), Natural History Museum and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive, Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045, USA *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Published 17 December 2012 Abstract Sambia succinica gen. et sp.n. from Eocene Baltic amber is described and illustrated. It is apparently the first amber fossil that can be definitively assigned to Tenthredininae. It displays two diagnostic forewing characters for this subfamily: having a bend distally in vein R and the junctions of veins M and Rs + M with vein R being some distance from each other. The variance and possible transitions between the anal vein configurations among the genera in Tenthredininae is briefly discussed. Keywords amber inclusion, sawfly, Tertiary, Eocene, taxonomy Introduction Tenthredinidae is the largest family of non-apocritan Hymenoptera by far, comprising more than 5500 described species (Huber 2009; Taeger & Blank 2010). Together with five other families they comprise the Tenthredinoidea or true sawflies. The larvae of the members of the superfamily are all herbivores and most are external feeders on green parts of angiosperms; however, other host plants and feeding modes (e.g., leafrolling, leafmining, or galling in leaves, buds and shoots; see Nyman et al. 1998, 2000) do occur. Recent comprehensive treatments of the phylogeny of the basal hymenopteran lineages, while providing strong support for the Tenthredinoidea, have consistently failed to retrieve the Tenthredinidae as monophyletic (Vilhelmsen 2001; Schulmeister 2003; Ronquist et al. -
Contribution À L'inventaire Des Hyménoptères Symphytes Du
Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 120 (4), 2015 : 473-484. Contribution à l’inventaire des Hyménoptères Symphytes du département du Morbihan par Henri CHEVIN1, Henri SAVINA2 & Mael GARRIN3 1 17 rue des Marguerites, F – 78330 Fontenay-le-Fleury 2 Parc Majorelle, 33 chemin du Ramelet-Moundi, bât. C, app. 16, F – 31100 Toulouse <[email protected]> 3 Kervranig, F – 56480 Sainte-Brigitte Résumé. – Établi à partir de récoltes échelonnées de 1973 à 2014, l’inventaire des Hyménoptères Symphytes du dépar tement du Morbihan s’élève à 193 espèces. Pour chacune d’elles sont indiqués la ou les plantes-hôtes connues, le nombre et le sexe des individus, les localités, les dates ou périodes de récolte. Dans cet inventaire, 12 espèces sont réputées très rares pour la France : Xyela julii, Pamphilius sylvarum, Urocerus augur, Arge dimidiata, Heptamelus ochroleucus, Strongylogaster macula, Hoplocampa testudinea, Dineura virididorsata, Pristiphora abbreviata, P. confusa, P. fausta et P. testacea. Abstract. – Contribution to the knowledge of Hymenoptera Symphyta from Morbihan (France). Based on specimens collected from 1973 to 2014, the list of Hymenoptera Symphyta from Morbihan includes 193 species. It provides, for each species, the known host plants, the number and sex of specimens, the localities and the dates or periods of collection. In this list, 12 species are very rarely collected in France: Xyela julii, Pamphilius sylvarum, Urocerus augur, Arge dimidiata, Heptamelus ochroleucus, Strongylogaster macula, Hoplocampa testudinea, Dineura virididorsata, Pristiphora abbreviata, P. confusa, P. fausta et P. testacea. Keywords. – Hymenoptera, Symphyta, faunistics, France, Morbihan. _________________ Un programme de recherches menées par l’INRA de Rennes de 1973 à 1975 et portant sur l’arasement des talus, a conduit le premier auteur à identifier les Hyménoptères Symphytes cap- turés à l’aide de pièges jaunes. -
Artendiversität Und Höhenverteilung Der Pflanzenwespen Des Patscherkofels Und Seiner Umgebung Bei Innsbruck (Österreich, Tirol) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)*
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 44/2 1613-1635 28.12.2012 Artendiversität und Höhenverteilung der Pflanzenwespen des Patscherkofels und seiner Umgebung bei Innsbruck (Österreich, Tirol) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)* W. SCHEDL A b s t r a c t : Species diversity and higher distribution of the sawflies s. l. of the Patscherkofel and his environment near Innsbruck (Austria, Tyrol) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). The research area belongs to the Central Alps (Tuxer Voralpen) from about 780 till 2306 m NN. The results are reaching back from 1870 till 2012. Much material is deposited in the collections of the Institute of Zoology at the University of Innsbruck, recent material depends from some master articles, excursions of students, collections and observations of the author by different methods. There are representatives of nine families: Xyelidae (4 species), Pamphiliidae (10), Megalodontesidae (1), Siricidae (3), Argidae (5), Cimbicidae (6), Diprionidae (6), Tenthredinidae (102) and Cephidae (3), so are 141 species in the research area which come to 19,2 % of the Austrian Symphyta species. Remarks are given to vertical distributions and areal-biological specialities. K e y w o r d s : Austria, Tyrol, species diversity, sawfly s.l. fauna of the mountain Patscherkofel and environment. Einleitung Der Hausberg von Innsbruck, der Patscherkofel (2250 m), ist ein nördlicher Vorberg der Tuxer Alpen. Der Patscherkofel und seine Umgebung sind im zentralalpinen Silikat gelegen, lokal mit Kalk- und Quarzphyllit und mit Ein- und Auflagerungen anderer, größtenteils kalkarmer kristalliner Schiefer und kleinen Linsen von Marmor bei Lans und Igls im südlichen Mittelgebirge. In 800-1000 m Höhe sind Reste des präglazialen und interglazialen Inntalbodens nachweisbar (GAMS 1937). -
Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of the Bohemian Forest and Its Foothills
Silva Gabreta vol. 20 (3) p. 131–147 Vimperk, 2014 Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of the Bohemian Forest and its foothills Karel Beneš Kreuzmannova 14, CZ-31800 Plzeň, Czech Republic [email protected] Abstract The sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) collected in the Bohemian Forest and its foothills during the sum- mer months of 1981–1985 are listed. To gain a more comprehensive overview of symphytan fauna of the region, data published by former authors have been critically analysed and evaluated to give the most possi- bly comprehensive list of species. Altogether, 173 species (Xyelidae: 1, Pamphiliidae: 17, Argidae: 6, Cim- bicidae: 6, Diprionidae: 5, Tenthredinidae: 126, Xiphydriidae: 1, Siricidae: 4, Cephidae: 5, and Orussidae: 1) are registered. Of these, three are registered as endangered and fifteen as vulnerable. Key words: Symphyta, Šumava Mts., Böhmerwald, faunistics, host plants INTRODUCTION In recent years several attempts to evaluate the symphytan fauna of some interesting central European montane regions have been published, e.g., from the Low Tatras National Park (ROLLER et al. 2006), Jizeské Hory Mts. (MACEK 2006), Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area (MACEK 2012), and the Giant Mts. (BENEš 2013). However, the sawfly fauna of the Bo- hemian Forest (Šumava in Czech, Böhmerwald in German) has received in last 120 years only little attention and remained practically unknown. While the fauna of several groups of invertebrates (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Aranea, aquatic Crustacea, Ephemeroptera, Odona- ta, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, and Trichoptera) of the mountains and foothills comprising the Bohemian Forest is fairly well known, our knowledge of Symphyta is negligible, and only a few older publications mention this territory. -
Bees, Wasps & Ants
Sheringham and Beeston Regis Commons SSSI / SAC FAUNA: Hymenoptera INSECTA (Pterygota) Family/Order English Name. Scientific Name. Authority. Grid Ref. Tetrad/ Last Km sq. Common. Record. HYMENOPTERA. PAMPHILIDAE: Sawfly. Pamphilius inanitus (Villers, 1789) TG1642 1987? (Bees, Wasps and Ants) ARGIDAE: Elm Zig-zag Sawfly. Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 TG1642 14R/B 2020 Bramble Sawfly. Arge cyaneocrocea (Forster, 1771) TG1642 2016 Sawfly. Arge gracilicornis (Klug, 1814 ) TG1642 1987? CIMBICIDAE: Honeysuckle Sawfly. Abia lonicerae (Linnaeus) TG1641 14Q/B 2015 Club-horned Sawfly. Abia sericera (Linnaeus) TG1642 14R/B 2014 Club-horned Sawfly. Zaraea fasciata Linnaeus, 1758 TG1641/42 14R,14Q/B 2014 Birch Sawfly. Cimbex femoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1642 14R/B 2017 SIRICIDAE: Greater Horntail Wasp. Urocerus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1642 14R/S 1992 CEPHIDAE: Sawfly. Calameuta pallipes (Klug, 1803) TG1642 1987? TENTHREDINIDAE: Willow Sawfly. Pontania proxima (Lepeletier, 1823) TG1642 14R/BS 2009 Willow Sawfly. Eupontania pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) TG1642 14R/B 1999 Willow Sawfly. Eupontainia viminalis (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1642 14R/B 2002 Willow Sawfly. Pontainia bridgemanii (Cameron, 1883) TG1642 14R/B 1999 Sawfly. Caliroa annulipes (Klug, 1816) TG1642 14R/S 2002 Hazel Sawfly. Craesus septentrionalis (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1641 14Q/B 2017 Sawfly. Blennocampa phyllocolpa Viitasaari & Vikberg, 1985 TG1642/41 14R,14Q/B 2003 Sawfly. Selandria serva (Fabricius, 1793) TG1642 14R/B 2013 Sawfly. Aneugmenus padi (Linnaeus, 1761) TG1642 1987? Bracken Sawfly. Strongylogaster multifasciata (Geoffroy, 1785) TG1642 14R/BS 2020 Sawfly. Dichrodolerus vestigialis (Klug, 1818) TG1642 1996 Sawfly. Dolerus germanicus (Fabricius, 1775) TG1642 1987? Sawfly. Eutomostethus ephippium (Panzer, 1798) TG1642 14R/BS 2020 Sawfly. Poodolerus aeneus Hartig, 1837 TG1642 1987? Sawfly. Dolerus brevitarus Hartig TG1642 1987? Sawfly. -
Technical Series, No
' ' Technical Series, No. 20, Part II. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BXJRE^TJ OK' TClSrTOM:OIL.OG^Y. L, 0. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. TECHNICAL PAPERS ON MISCELLANEOUS .FOREST INSECTS. II. THE GENOTYPES OF THE SAWFLIES AND WOODWASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY TENTHKEDINOIDEA. S. A. ROHWER, Agent and Expert. Issued M.\rch 4, 1911. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. Technical Series, No. 20, Part II. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. L. 0. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. TECHNICAL PAPERS ON MISCELLANEOUS FOREST INSECTS. II. THE GENOTYPES OF THE SAWFLIES AND WOODWASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY TENTHREDINOIDEA. BY S. A. ROHWER, Agent and Expert. Issued Makch 4, 1911. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. B UREA U OF ENTOMOLOGY. L. O. Howard, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. C. L. Marlatt, Entomologist and Acting Chief in Absence of Chief. R. S. Clifton, Executive Assistant. W. F. Tastet, Chief Clerk. F. H. Chittenden, in charge of truck crop and stored product insect investigations. A. D. Hopkins, in charge offorest insect investigations. W. D. Hunter, in charge of southern field crop insect investigations. F. M. Webster, in charge of cereal and forage insect investigations. A. L. Quaintance, in charge of deciduous fruit insect investigations. E. F. Phillips, in charge of bee culture. D. M. Rogers, in charge of preventing spread of moths, field -work. RoLLA P. Currie, in charge of editorial work. Mabel Colcord, librarian. , Forest Insect Investigations. A. D. Hopkins, in charge. H. E. Burke, J. L. Webb, Josef Brunner, S. A. Rohwer, T. E. Snyder, W. D. Edmonston, W. B. Turner, agents and experts. -
Plants & Ecology
Olfactory cues and insects – scaling relations and immigration rates Petter Andersson Licentiate thesis Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology 2010/1 Department of Botany Stockholm University Olfactory cues and insects – scaling relations and immigration rates Petter Andersson Licentiate thesis Supervisors: Peter Hambäck & Johan Ehrlén Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology 2010/1 Department of Botany Stockholm University Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology Department of Botany Stockholm University S-106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Plant Ecology ISSN 1651-9248 Printed by Solna Printcenter Cover: Left upper corner: Sawfly larva Tenthredo scrophulariae feeding on a figwort leaf. Right upper corner: EAG and IDAC-box; the equipment used in Paper I for recording antennal responses of moths. Left lower corner: Weevils Cionus scrophulariae mating. Right lower corner: Adult sawfly T. scrophulariae. Background picture: Color-marked weevil C. tuberculosus from the colonization experiment in Paper II, feeding on a figwort plant. Photo: Petter Andersson. 2 OLFACTORY CUES AND INSECTS – SCALING RELATIONS AND IMMIGRATION RATES PETTER ANDERSSON Summary For herbivorous insects, location of host plants and habitat patches strongly depend on the type of sensory cue that is used during the search process and the probability of detecting a patch depends on the relative attraction between patches of different size. The visual impression of a patch increases predictably with the patch diameter and consequently, immigration rates of visually searching insects are often predicted by the scaling to patch size of visual cues. However, for olfactory cues, the relative attraction between small and large patches is unknown, but has been suggested to increase faster with patch size than visual information. In this thesis, I explore the scaling relation between olfactory cues and patch size. -
Sawflies of the Keszthely Hills and Its Surroundings
Natura Somogyiensis 33:107-128. Ka pos vár, 2019 DOI:10.24394/NatSom.2019.33.107 Submitted: 26.09, 2019; Accepted: 30.09, 2019; Published: 15.10, 2019 www.smmi.hu/termtud/ns/ns.htm Sawflies of the Keszthely Hills and its surroundings Attila Haris H-1076 Budapest, Garay street 19 2/20, Hungary, e-mail: [email protected] Haris, A.: Sawflies of the Keszthely Hills and its surroundings. Abstract: 173 species are reported from the Keszthely Hills and its surroundings. Rare species are Pamphilius jucundus (Eversmann, 1847); Pamphilius histrio Latreille, 1812; Orussus unicolor Latreille, 1812; Tremex alchymista Mocsáry, 1886; Tremex magus (Fabricius, 1787); Dolerus (Poodolerus) vernalis Ermolenko, 1964; Strongylogaster mixta (Klug, 1817); Fenella arenariae Zombori, 1978; Fenella nigrita Westwood, 1839; Periclista (Periclista) albiventris (Klug, 1816); Tenthredo (Cephaledo) neobesa Zombori, 1980; Euura fagi (Zaddach, 1876); Pristiphora (Pristiphora) albitibia (A. Costa, 1859) and Pristiphora (Pristiphora) fausta (Hartig, 1837). Keywords: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Keszthely Hills, Hungary, rare species Introduction Keszthely Hills is the westernmost member of the Transdanubian Mountains. It is built of dolomite, and enriched with limestone formations. The basalt formations of Kovácsi Hill and Tátika-region are the results of the volcanic activity. The other part of the inves- tigated area is the coastal region of Lake Balaton. This region is mainly moorland and wet meadows which were originally part of the lake-bed and turned dry as a result of the water management in the 19th century. The vegetation is abundant from the sub-Mediterranean xerotherm steppes, through closed oak and beech forests to cold gorges that preserve glacial remains. -
Viburnum Lantana L. and Viburnum Opulus L. (V
Viburnum lantana L. and Viburnum opulus L. (V. lobatum Lam., Opulus vulgaris Borkh.) Author(s): Johannes Kollmann and Peter J. Grubb Source: Journal of Ecology, Vol. 90, No. 6 (Dec., 2002), pp. 1044-1070 Published by: British Ecological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3072311 Accessed: 23/03/2010 10:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=briteco. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Ecology. http://www.jstor.org Journalof BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No.