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Dimensi Sosial Ekonomi Bantuan Siswa Miskin Di Tts Ntt

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Dimensi Sosial Ekonomi Bantuan Siswa Miskin Di Tts Ntt ARTIKEL DIMENSI SOSIAL EKONOMI BANTUAN SISWA MISKIN DI TTS NTT Abstract The BSM cash transfer scheme aimed to reach one-third of Indonesian households to provide some compensation for the reduction in the fuel subsidy at a time of rapid fuel and food – particularly rice – price inflation. Cash was disbursed in several rounds in 2007- 2014. BSM attracted considerable negative public attention due to widespread protests, chiefly as a result of perceived inaccuracies in relation to beneficiary selection; some protests were violent, and the programme as a whole suffered from adverse public attention. But BSM is specifically for helping student from elementary school to senior high school Keyworda: Student, Programmee, Poor Francisia W. Bello A. Karakteristik Lokasi Penelitian E-mail: [email protected] 1. Karakteristik Kabupaten Secara geografis, Kabupaten Dosen FISIP Undana Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) beriklim Nusa Tenggara Timur tropis. Cuaca di Kabupaten ini umumnya berubah-ubah tiap setengah tahun, berganti dari musim kemarau dan musim penghujan. Letaknya yang lebih dekat dengan Australia dibanding Asia, menyebabkan curah hujan di Kabupaten TTS ini relatif rendah. Kabupaten TTS memiliki luas sekitar 3.995.88 Km persegi. Di sebelah utara, Kabupaten TTS berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Di sebelah timur, Kabupaten TTS berbatasan dengan kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dan Kabupaten Belu. Di sebelah barat, Kabupaten TTS berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Kupang, dan di sebelah selatan berbatasan sengan Laut Timor. Berikut adalah peta Kabupaten TTS: 63 JISPO VOL. 6 No. 1 Edisi: Januari-Juni Tahun 2016 Noemeto. Ketujuh, Kecamatan Amanatun Selatan dengan wilayahnya meliputi: bekas wilayah kefetoran Noebone dan Noebana. Kedelapan, Kecamatan Amanatun Utara dengan wilayahnya meliputi: bekas wilayah kefetoran Noe Manumuti dan Noe Bakang. Dari aspek pendidikan, masyarakat di Kabupaten TTS umumnya memiliki jenjang pendidikan sekolah dasar (SD dan SMP) hingga SMA/SMK. Meski demikian ada juga di antara anak usia Dari aspek pemerintahan, dari 10 tahun ke atas yang tidak Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan memiliki ijazah sekolah dasar. Berikut terdiri dari 32 kecamatan, 228 desa ini adalah tabel presentase penduduk dan 12 kelurahan, yang merupakan berumur 10 tahun keatas menurut hasil pemekaran dari 21 Kecamatan ijazah tertinggi yang dimiliki dan induk hingga tahun 2009. Terdapat 8 jenis kelamin. (delapan) kecamatan yang memiliki Tabel 1 wilayah cukup luas dan akhirnya Presentase Penduduk Berumur 10 dimekarkan berdasarkan SK Tahun Keatas Menurut Ijazah Gubernur Nomor Pem.66/1/32, Tertinggi yang Dimiliki dan Jenis antara lain: Pertama, Kecamatan Mollo Kelamin Utara dengan wilayahnya meliputi: Jenis Jumlah bekas wilayah kefetoran Gunung Keamin Mutis dan sebagian wilayah Lk Pr Kefetoran Nunbena, Paeneno dan Belum, tidak Netpala. Kedua, Kecamatan Mollo pernah sekoah 43,23 44,92 44,10 Selatan dengan wilayahnya meliputi: Sekolah Dasar 26,92 32,50 29,80 bekas wilayah kefetoran, Bijeli, Besana SMP Umum 14,24 11,14 12,64 dan sebagian wilayah bekas Kefetoran SMA Umum 11,70 8,64 10,12 Nunbena, Paeneno dan Netpala. SMK Kejuruan 1,24 1,20 1,22 Ketiga, Kecamatan Amanuban Timur Diploma.I/IIDi 0,83 0,32 0,56 dengan wilayahnya meliputi: bekas ploma.I/II wilayah kefetoran Noebunu dan Diploma.III/ 0,90 0,53 0,71 Noehambet. Keempat, Kecamatan Diploma III Amanuban Tengah dengan Diploma.IV/Un 0,94 0,75 0,85 wilayahnya meliputi: bekas wilayah iversitas kefetoran Noeliu dan Noesiu. Kelima, Sumber: Survei Sosial Ekonomi Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan Nasional BPS 2009. dengan wilayahnya meliputi: bekas Sementara kondisi anak usia wilayah kefetoran Noemuke dan dari 10 tahun ke atas dari status Noebeba. Keenam, Kecamatan pendidikan dan jenis kelaminnya Amanuban Barat dengan wilayahnya lebih banyak yang sudah tidak meliputi: bekas wilayah kefetoran bersekolah lagi. Berikut ini adalah 64 tabel anak usia dari 10 tahun ke atas 2. Karakteristik Lokasi dari aspek pendidikan dan jenis Kecamatan kelamin. Amanuban Selatan merupakan Tabel 2 wilayah kecamatan yang jaraknya Prosentase Penduduk berumur 10 sekitar 50 KM dari Kabupaten Timur tahun ke atasdari aspek pendidikan Tengah Selatan. Perjalanan menuju ke dan jenis kelamin. kecamatan ini bisa ditempuh dengan Status Laki- Perem Jumlah kendaraan roda empat atau roda dua Pendidikan laki -puan dengan kondisi badan jalan yang Belum- 13,6 19,2 16,5 cukup baik. Struktur wilayah Tidak Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan terdiri pernah dari pemukiman warga, areal Masih 20,4 19,1 19,7 persawahan dan perkebunan, sungai, bersekolah dan lahan kosong. Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan terletak di wilayah Tidak 65,9 61,7 63,8 bersekolah dataran rendah yang terkoneksi lagi antara satu desa dengan desa lainnya. Secara demografis, Kecamatan Jumlah 100 100 100 Amanuban Selatan merupakan salah Total satu wilayah dengan populasi Sumber: Survei Sosial Ekonomi terbanyak di Kabupaten Timur Nasional 2009. Tengah Selatan. Amanuban Selatan memiliki 6670 kepala Keluarga Semementara Persentase dengan jumlah peduduk sekitar Penduduk 10 Tahun Ke Atas menurut 12.357 Jiwa. Terdapat 10 desa yang Kemampuan Membaca diketahui ada di kecamatan Amanuban Selatan, hanya sebagian kecil saja yang belum antara lain: bisa membaca dan menulis. Tabel 4 Penduduk 10 Tahun Ke Atas menurut Desa-desa di Kecamatan Amanuban Kemampuan Membaca diketahui Selatan hanya sebagian kecil saja yang belum Desa Jumlah bisa membaca dan menulis: Jiwa Tabel 3 1. Desa Pollo 4.358 Persentase Penduduk 10 Tahun 2. Desa Bena 3.412 Ke Atas Menurut Kemampuan 3. Desa Batnun 2.830 Membaca dan Menulis 4. Desa Oekieu 1.301 5. Desa Kiubaat 1.594 6. Desa Noemuke 2.587 7. Desa Oebelo 3.356 8. Desa Linamnutu 2.584 9. Desa Mio 1.346 10. Enoneten 1.347 Jumlah 25.012 Sumber diolah dari data rekapitulasi kecamatan Dari aspek sosial ekonomi, Sumber: Survei Sosial Ekonomi masyarakat Amanuban Selatan Nasional BPS 2009 terkonsentrasi pada pola kehidupan 65 JISPO VOL. 6 No. 1 Edisi: Januari-Juni Tahun 2016 masyarakat petani. Pertanian di diwawancarai antara lain: Camat dan Amanuban Selatan bersifat tadah UPTD Dinas PPO. Sementara instansi hujan dan panen hanya sekali dalam pengelola tingkat sekolah yang setahun. Dengan kondisi kesulitan diwawancarai antara lain: kepala seperti ini, maka masyarakat sekolah SD dan kepala sekolah SMP. mengalami kesulitan air. Selain Kedua, Focus Group Discussion sebagai petani, masyarakat terhadap tokoh masyarakat, pengelola Amanuban Selatan juga banyak yang tingkat sekolah, orang tua penerima menjadi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia BSM, orang tua non penerima BSM, (TKI). Wilayah tujuan pekerjaan anak SD penerima BSM dan anak mereka bukan hanya di Kota Kupang, SMA penerima BSM. Ketiga, case study namun juga di Malaysia dan terhadap 4 keluarga yang anaknya Singapura. menerima BSM di sekolah baik dari Secara historis, Kecamatan keluarga yang memiliki anak SD Amanuban Selatan dibentuk melalui maupun yang memiliki anak SMA. SK Gubernur KDH Tk I Nusa Strategi pengumpulan datanya Tenggara Timur Nomor Pem.66/1/33 mulai dari kabupaten terlebih dahulu tanggal 9 Juni 1962. Kecamatan dengan mewawancarai Dinas Amanuban Selatan dibentuk dengan Pendidikan, Pemuda dan Olahraga wilayahnya meliputi bekas wilayah (PPO), Kantor Pos tingkat Kabupaten, kefetoran Noemuke dan Noebeba. dan Bank NTT Cabang TTS. Kegiatan Selanjutnya berdasarkan PP Nomor dilakukan untuk mendapatkan 30 Tahun 1996 tanggal 24 April 1996 gambaran secara luas tentang bantuan tentang pembentukan 8 Kecamatan di terhadap siswa. Selanjutnya wilayah Kabupaten Dati II Timor pengumpulan data dilakukan di Tengah Selatan, Flores Timur dan tingkat kecamatan sebagai lokasi Manggarai dalam Wilayah propinsi wilayah penelitian. Ketiga baru Dati I Nusa Tenggara Timur maka dilakukan pada tingkat penerima, Perwakilan Kecamatan Amanuban masyarakat dan pengelola. Meski Amanuban Selatan ditingkatkan demikian, perlu ada verifikasi bagi menjadi kecamatan penuh yaitu semua data yang diperoleh di Kecamatan Kuanfatu. lapangan sehingga peneliti harus balik lagi ke kabupaten. B. Strategi Pengumpulan dan Penelitian ini memiliki Keterbatasan keterbatasan dalam hal: Pertama, pada Pengumpulan data di pengumpulan data di kecamatan Kabupaten TTS dilakukan dengan tidak dilakukan pengumpulan data menggunakan 3 (tiga) metode, antara untuk kategori madrasah sebab di lain: Pertama, wawancara terhadap wilayah ini tidak ada satu pun pengelola BSM mulai tingkat madrasah. Kedua, penelitian ini tidak kabupaten hingga tingkat sekoah. bisa melibatkan semua komponen Instansi pengelola tingkat kabupaten sekolah (SD, SMP, SMA) sebab di yang diwawancarai antara lain, Dinas wilayah ini terdapat SMP yang tidak Pendidikan, Pemuda dan Olahraga mendapatkan BSM. Ketiga, terdapat (PPO), Kantor Pos tingkat Kabupaten, pengulangan FGD karena ada peserta dan Bank NTT Cabang TTS. Instansi FGD yang tidak representatif. tingkat Kecamatan yang 66 C. Karakterstik Masyarakat dan beberapa pandangan mengenai Pemetaan Rumah kondisi pendidikan serta aspirasi Tangga/Keluarga Miskin berbagai pihak: Masyarakat di wilayah Amanuban Selatan memiliki karakter masyarakat yang unik, antara lain: 1. Aspirasi orang tua tentang Pertama, masyarakat di Amanuban pendidikan Selatan sebagian bekerja sebagai Adanya keinginan orang tua buruh migran baik di kota Kupang agar anaknya memiliki pendidikan dan Soe maupun di luar negeri lebih tinggi dari mereka. Kondisi ini (Malaysia dan Singapura). Kedua, dilatarbeakangi oleh kondisi terdapat dua suku yang tinggal pendidikan orang tua yang rendah berdampingan, yakni suku asli dan yang rata-rata
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