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10099092.Pdf T.C ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANA BİLİM DALI KAFKASYA’DAKİ GREGORYAN VE MUSEVİ TÜRKLERİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN CALIŞMALAR YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ HAZIRLAYAN SİNAN KURT ORDU 2016 T.C ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ KAFKASYA’DAKİ GREGORYAN VE MUSEVİ TÜRKLERİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN CALIŞMALAR SİNAN KURT YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANA BİLİM DALI DANIŞMAN: PROF. DR. İSMAİL DOĞAN ORDU 2016 ÖZET KURT, Sinan. Kafkasya’daki Gregoryan ve Musevi Türkleri Üzerine Yapılan Çalısmalar, Ordu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu, [2015]. Kafkasya pek çok etnik halk topluluğunu bir arada barındırırken, pek çok kültüre de ev sahipliği yapan bir coğrafya parçası olarak tarih boyunca insanların ilgisini üzerine çekmiştir. Kafkasya halkları farklı dillerde konuşuyor olmakla birlikte, yüzlerce yıllık bir süreçte etnik ve sosyo- kültürel açıdan birbirleriyle karışmış ve beraber meydana getirdikleri ortak bir Kafkas kültürü etrafında birleşmiş halklar topluluğudur. Kafkasya ile ilgili Türkiyat araştırmaları burada yaşamakta olan Türk kökenli halkların Kafkas kültürünün oluşumundaki büyük paylarını ortaya koyacaktır. Kafkasya için Türkiyat araştırmalarına ağırlık verilmesi, son dönemlerde Kafkasya’da ortaya çıkan etno-politik sorunların çözümü için de gereklidir. Çalışmamızda Kafkasya’nın Gregoryan ve Musevi Türkleri (Karay, Ermeni Kıpçaklar, Kırımçak, Urum) ile ilgili kaynaklar tespit edilip incelemelerde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kafkasya, Gregoryan Türkler, Musevi Türkler. III ABSTRACT KURT, Sinan. Gregorian and Jewish Turks in the Caucasus on the studies performed, Ordu University, social sciences institute, [M.A. Thesis], Ordu, [2015]. The Caucasus has aroused interest along the history as a geographical region that has gathered a lot of ethnic groups and cultures in her structure. Though the peoples of the Caucasus speak in different languages they have been mixed ethnically and they have united by a common Caucasian Culture which they have created together. Turcology researches concerned with the Caucasus will bring out the great share of the Turkic peoples in appearance of Caucasian Culture. Turcology researches for the Caucasus are also necessary for solution of the ethno-politic problems that have appeared recently in the Caucasus. In our study, the Gregorian and Jewish Turks in the Caucasus (Karaim ,Armenian Kipchak, Kırımçak , Urum ) related resources are reviewed and detected . Key Words: Caucasia, Gregorian Turks, Jewish Turks, IV ÖN SÖZ Türk’e ve Türklüğe dair her şeyi konusu içerisine alan Türkoloji bilimi kendi konusunu oluşturan tüm Türk halklarını tam anlamıyla tespit etmiştir demek mümkün değildir. Bilginin sürekli yenilendiği günümüzde Türk olduğu sanılan bazı halkların aslında Türk olmadığı, yıllardır başka topluluklar ve yabancı sanılan halkların ise Türkler olduğu üzerine pek çok şey yazılmaktadır. Türk halkı içerisinde geçmiş inançları yaşatanlar olduğu gibi muhtelif inançlara geçişler de yaşanmıştır. Günümüzde Musevi olan Karayimler ve yine hem Musevi hem de Zebur ve Talmut’u kabul eden Kırımçakların yanında Hristiyan olup Gregoryan mezhebine mensup olan Urumlular diye adlandırılan Türk halkları da bulunmaktadır. Bu halklar etnik olarak Türk olmalarına rağmen inançları sebebiyle farklı etnik gruplara dâhil edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu halklar üzerine yapılan etnik, tarihi ve linguistik çalışmalar da oldukça dağınıktır. Çalışmamızda bu halklar hakkında derli toplu bilgiler vererek, bir düzen içinde bazı eserleri okuyucuya sunmaya çalıştık. Bu bilgiler ışığında, çalışmamızda bu halkların tarihi, etnik yapısı, dil ve kültürleri hakkında bilgiler verilerek, Karayim, Kırımçak, Ermeni Kıpçak ve Urumlu olarak adlandırılan halklar hakkında yapılan çalışmaların tespiti yapılmış olup bu çalışmalar bibliyografik düzen olarak okuyucuya sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmaların tasnifi yapılmış, önem arz edenler hakkında açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar, ansiklopedi maddeleri, Türk dünyası ile ilgili kitap çalışmalarında bölümler, müstakil makaleler, lisans, lisansüstü akademik çalışmalar ve bu akademik çalışmalara dayanan kitaplar olarak çeşitlenmektedir. Çalışmamızda başta Akademik çalışmalar, konu ile ilgili eserler olmak üzere kütüphane, elektronik ortam ve temin edebildiğimiz eserlerin kaynakçaları esas alınmıştır. Bu kaynaklara girmeyen özel çalışmalara ulaşmamız mümkün olmamıştır. Yaptığımız bu çalışmanın konusunun belirlenmesinde kaynak olan ve her durumda yardımını esirgemeyen değerli hocam Prof. Dr. İsmail Doğan’a teşekkürü bir borç biliyorum. Yine çalışmalarıyla ve tezimi bir düzene oturtmamda büyük yardımı dokunan Dr. Abdulkadir Öztürk hocama teşekkürleri sunarım. Çalışmanın Türk dünyası ve Türklük bilimine fayda sağlaması dileklerimle. Ordu, 2016 V ÖZGEÇMİŞ Kişisel Bilgiler Adı Soyadı: SİNAN KURT Doğum Yeri ve Tarihi: ZONGULDAK / 07.09.1988 Eğitim Durumu Lisans Öğrenimi: Ordu Üniversitesi/ Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/ Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Yüksek Lisans Öğrenimi: - Bildiği Yabancı Diller: İngilizce Bilimsel Yayınları: (2014), “Türkiye’de Karaçaylar ve Karaçay Türkçesi Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmaların Tespiti Denemesi”, International Conference: Ethnogenesis, Ethnic and A Socio-Political History, Origin of Language and Culture of the Karachay-Balkar People, Moskova. (2014), “Türkiye’de Nogaylar ve Nogay Türkçesi Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmaların Tespiti Denemesi”, Noghaıs: XXI Century, Hıstory, Language, Culture, From Source To The Future, Proceedings of the 1st İnternational Scientific and Practical conference, Cherkessk, May 14-16, 2014. İletişim E-Posta Adresi: [email protected] Telefon: Cep: 0 544 258 91 09 Tarih ve İmza: 18.01.2016 VI KISALTMALAR age. : adı geçen eser agm. : adı geçen makale bkz. : bakınız C. : Cilt çev. : çeviren DTCF : Dil, Tarih, Coğrafya Fakültesi KTÜ : Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi MÖ : Milattan Önce MS : Milattan Sonra s. : sayfa S. : Sayı TDK : Türk Dil Kurumu TT : Türkiye Türkçesi vd. : ve diğerleri vb. : ve benzeri Yay. : Yayınevi yy. : yüzyıl VII İÇİNDEKİLER Özet .......................................................................................................................................... III Abstract ............................................................................................................................... …IV Ön söz ........................................................................................................................................ V Özgeçmiş .................................................................................................................................. VI Kısaltmalar .............................................................................................................................VII İçindekiler ............................................................................................................................ VIII GİRİŞ ..........................................................................................................................................1 I. BÖLÜM ..................................................................................................................................4 1. KUZEY HALKLARI ..................................................................................................................4 1.1.1 Kuzey Kafkasya Coğrafyası .........................................................................................4 1.1.2. Kuzey Kafkasya Halkları .............................................................................................7 1.1.2.1. Abhaz Kavmi .......................................................................................................8 1.1.2.2. Çerkez Kavmi ....................................................................................................11 1.1.2.3. Vaynahlar (Çeçen-İnguşlar) ...............................................................................17 1.1.2.4. Ubıhlar ...............................................................................................................20 1.1.2.5 Dağıstan Halkları ...............................................................................................22 1.1.2.6. Turani Kavimler .................................................................................................27 1.2. KUZEY KAFKASYA’DA YAŞAYAN TÜRK SOYLU HALKLAR ..................................28 1.2.1. Karaçay Malkar Türkleri ...........................................................................................28 1.2.2. Nogaylar ....................................................................................................................31 1.2.3. Kumuk Türkleri .........................................................................................................33 1.3. KUZEY KAFKASYA’DAKİ İNDO GERMEN KAVİMLER ...............................................36 1.3.1 Osetler .......................................................................................................................36 VIII 1.4. KUZEY KAFKASYA’DA TÜRK UNSURLARI HAKKINDA...........................................39 II. BÖLÜM ...............................................................................................................................47 2. KAFKASYA’DAKİ MUSEVİ TÜRKLER ...............................................................................47 2.1. KARAİMLER (KARAİM TÜRKLERİ) .....................................................................47 2.1.1. Karaim İsmi ve Anlamı ......................................................................................47
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