Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters, by Nitsana Darshan- Leitner and Samuel M
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Venezuelan Masses Build Resistance to U.S. Covert
Venezuela se moviliza 12 Socialismo y juventud 12 Workers and oppressed peoples of the world unite! workers.org Vol. 61 No. 12 March 21, 2019 $1 Editorial Venezuelan masses build Combat resistance to U.S. covert war Islamophobia By Sam Ordóñez worldwide! The world reverberated on March 15 to the horrify- March 17—A massive anti-imperialist march filled ing news that 50 people had been murdered and scores the streets of Caracas this Saturday, March 16, cele- wounded, some critically, at the Al Noor and Linwood brating another victory against the latest wave of U.S. mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand. aggression against Venezuela. We knew immediately, without the shadow of a This mobilization is another example of the increas- doubt, that this was an act of white supremacist ter- ing organization and mobilization of the Venezuelan ror, aimed specifically at Muslim people. Here in the masses. The latest phase of imperialist aggression was U.S., the act called up the heart-wrenching memory of designed to destroy the Bolivarian Revolution, but white supremacist murders of African-American peo- instead it has sparked a new wave of working-class, ple at a Bible class in the Emanuel African Methodist anti-imperialist organization. Episcopal Church in Charleston, S.C., in 2015, and of Venezuela’s conflict with imperialism seems to Jewish people at worship in the Tree of Life Synagogue be entering a period of prolonged siege, where the in Pittsburgh in 2018. Venezuelan masses’ ability to organize and develop Attacks of white terror and white supremacy continue domestic production, along with the strength of the worldwide. -
Secrecy, Acknowledgement, and War Escalation: a Study in Covert Competition
Secrecy, Acknowledgement, and War Escalation: A Study in Covert Competition DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Austin Matthews Carson, M.A. Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Randall Schweller, Advisor Richard Herrmann Jennifer Mitzen Copyrighted by Austin Matthews Carson 2013 Abstract Why do states use secrecy? Specifically, why do great powers often seem to create a kind of “backstage” area around local conflicts? That is, why create a covert realm where external powers can meddle in local conflicts to pursue their security interests? This project generally analyzes how secrecy is used in international politics and why states are individually and collectively motivated to use it. Existing scholarship suggests states use secrecy to surprise their adversaries or insulate their leaders from dovish domestic political groups. I develop an alternative logic rooted in the desire to control conflict escalation risks. In the context of interventions in local conflicts by outside powers, I find intervening states use covert methods to maintain control over the perceptions and interpretations of outside audiences whose reactions determine the magnitude of external pressure on leaders to escalate further. Intervening in a secret, plausibly deniable manner makes restraint and withdrawal on the part of the intervening state easier. It also creates ambiguity about their role which can give the political space to responding states to ignore covert meddling and respond with restraint. Escalation control dynamics therefore make sense of why states intervene secretly and, more puzzling, why other states – even adversaries – may join in ignoring and covering up such covert activity (what I call “tacit collusion”). -
American Military History: a Resource for Teachers and Students
AMERICAN MILITARY HISTORY A RESOURCE FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS PAUL HERBERT & MICHAEL P. NOONAN, EDITORS WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY WALTER A. MCDOUGALL AUGUST 2013 American Military History: A Resource for Teachers and Students Edited by Colonel (ret.) Paul H. Herbert, Ph.D. & Michael P. Noonan, Ph.D. August 2013 About the Foreign Policy Research Institute Founded in 1955 by Ambassador Robert Strausz-Hupé, FPRI is a non-partisan, non-profit organization devoted to bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests. In the tradition of Strausz-Hupé, FPRI embraces history and geography to illuminate foreign policy challenges facing the United States. In 1990, FPRI established the Wachman Center, and subsequently the Butcher History Institute, to foster civic and international literacy in the community and in the classroom. About First Division Museum at Cantigny Located in Wheaton, Illinois, the First Division Museum at Cantigny Park preserves, interprets and presents the history of the United States Army’s 1st Infantry Division from 1917 to the present in the context of American military history. Part of Chicago’s Robert R. McCormick Foundation, the museum carries on the educational legacy of Colonel McCormick, who served as a citizen soldier in the First Division in World War I. In addition to its main galleries and rich holdings, the museum hosts many educational programs and events and has published over a dozen books in support of its mission. FPRI’s Madeleine & W.W. Keen Butcher History Institute Since 1996, the centerpiece of FPRI’s educational programming has been our series of weekend-long conferences for teachers, chaired by David Eisenhower and Walter A. -
COINTELPRO.S.Pdf
COINTELPRO, FBI Counterintelligence, Covert Operations, Black Bag Jobs, Church Committee COINTELPRO http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointel.htm (1 of 7) [9/3/2001 11:33:41 AM] COINTELPRO, FBI Counterintelligence, Covert Operations, Black Bag Jobs, Church Committee COINTELPRO was the FBI's secret program to undermine the popular upsurge which swept the country during the 1960s. Though the name stands for "Counterintelligence Program," the targets were not enemy spies. The FBI set out to eliminate "radical" political opposition inside the US. When traditional modes of repression (exposure, blatant harassment, and prosecution for political crimes) failed to counter the growing insurgency, and even helped to fuel it, the Bureau took the law into its own hands and secretly used fraud and force to sabotage constitutionally - protected political activity. Its methods ranged far beyond surveillance, and amounted to a domestic version of the covert action for which the CIA has become infamous throughout the world. The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States by Ward Churchill & Jim Vander Wall Preface - The Face of COINTELPRO HTML Index to the Documents Introduction - A Glimpse Into the Files of America's Political Police Chapter 1 - Understanding Deletions in FBI Documents Chapter 2 - COINTELPRO - CP/USA Chapter 3 - COINTELPRO - SWP Chapter 4 - COINTELPRO - Puerto Rican Independence Movement Chapter 5 - COINTELPRO - Black Liberation Movement Chapter 6 - COINTELPRO - New Left Chapter 7 - COINTELPRO -
The Americans: Domesticity and Regendering of Classical Spy Narratives
Brno Studies in English Volume 44, No. 1, 2018 ISSN 0524-6881, e-ISSN 1805-0867 https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2018-1-7 Esther Muñoz-González The Americans: Domesticity and Regendering of Classical Spy Narratives Abstract In this article an analysis is made of the first season of the television series The Americans from a cultural perspective which shows the relevance of the series within the context of the first decades of the 21st century. The series belongs to a specific genre that used to be masculine and mainly centered on the conflicts resulting from the confrontation between individual male loyalties and their identities conditioned by their belonging to a political order. By humanizing the usual villains in the spy genre, the series introduces a certain moral ambiguity and the idea that political ideologies lose their value in the face of individual motivations. This article explores the use of the conventions of the spy genre and how the model is adapted to allow for the treatment of present-day concerns related to the individual’s struggle (now female as well) to reconcile public and private life. Keywords Spy genre; female spies; public vs private; professional women/family; indi- vidual isolation 1. Introduction In the years after World War II and during the Cold War, there was a pressing need for inhabiting a ‘safe place’ that had to be protected from the destruction that World War II had caused. And it is precisely this vulnerability of citizens’ homes and by extension of their nations that functions as “ideological motiva- tion” for spies. -
Afghanistan the Genesis of the the Final Crusade by Abid Ullah
Afghanistan: The Genesis of the the Final Crusade Afghanistan: The Genesis of the Final Crusade Afghanistan: The Genesis of the Final Crusade ABID ULLAH JAN Pragmatic Publishing Ottawa Afghanistan: The Genesis of the Final Crusade Copyright © 2006 by Pragmatic Publishing, Canada Trade paperback/bound edition March 2006 All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without prior written consent of the publisher — or, in case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a license from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency — is an infringement of the copyright law. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Jan, Abid Ullah, 1965- Afghanistan : the genesis of the final crusade / Abid Ullah Jan. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-9733687-4-8 (bound).--ISBN 0-9733687-2-1 (pbk.) 1. Afghan War, 2001-. 2. War on Terrorism, 2001-. I. Title. DS371.412.J35 2006 958.104’6 C2006-900587-7 All sources have been referenced and acknowledged. The author and publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any error or omission in future editions. PRAGMATIC PUBLISHING Web: http://www.pragmaticpublishings.com/ Contents PREFACE 9 INTRODUCTION The Pre-planned Aggression 13 CHAPTER 1 The Motivational Force Behind The War 33 CHAPTER 2 The Architects of War 61 The Main Reason for the Crusade 70 Faith in Force or Super-fascism 75 The Fear of Khilafah, Not “Terrorism” 77 CHAPTER 3 The Real Challenge 85 CHAPTER 4 From Jihad to Crusade 113 Beginning Of the Last Crusade 125 Crusaders vs. -
Not Forgotten: the Korean War in American Public Memory, 1950-2017
NOT FORGOTTEN: THE KOREAN WAR IN AMERICAN PUBLIC MEMORY, 1950-2017 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Levi Fox May 2018 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Seth Bruggeman, Temple University Department of History Signature_______________________________________Date_______________ Dr. Hilary Iris Lowe, Temple University Department of History Signature_______________________________________Date_______________ Dr. Jay Lockenour, Temple University Department of History Signature_______________________________________Date_______________ Dr. Carolyn Kitch, Temple University Department of Media and Communication Signature_______________________________________Date_______________ ii ABSTRACT The “forgotten war” is the label most frequently used to recall the conflict that took place in Korea from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, with variations of this phrase found in museum exhibitions and monuments across the country. Since the widespread presence of so many mentions of Korea clearly demonstrates that the Korean War is not forgotten, this project critically evaluates several forms of public memory (including museum exhibitions, historical scholarship, films and television shows, state and local monuments, and memorial infrastructure including bridges, highways, buildings, and trees) in order to explore how the war has come to be called forgotten. This project also seeks to examine the foreign policy issues of labeling the Korean War as -
Democratic Peace and Covert War: a Case Study of the U.S
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES 25 Volume 12, Number 1, 2005, pp.25-47 Democratic Peace and Covert War: A Case Study of the U.S. Covert War in Chile Jaechun Kim A body of scholarly work organized around “Democratic Peace” demonstrates that democracies rarely if ever wage war against other democracies, although occasionally they may do so against non- democracies. The United States (U.S.), however, has engaged in covert wars against other democratically-elected governments. Do the so-called Democratic Peace findings carry over to the somewhat murkier realm of covert war? By analyzing the U.S. covert war against Chile in the early 1970s, this paper looks for implications of covert wars waged between democracies for Democratic Peace scholarship. Arguably, there are two strands of causal logic to Democratic Peace. One attributes the absence of war among democracies to democratic institutional constraints: the restraining effects of public opinions or those of the checks and balances embedded in a democratic state’s domestic political institutions (institutional/structural explanation). Other theories posit that democratic norms and culture peaceful conflict resolution norms and culture shared by elites account for the absence of war between democratic states (normative/cultural explanations). If the nonviolent norms of elites in democracies were sufficient, the U.S. should not have resorted to covert war as well as overt war to resolve conflict with democratic Chile. The paper demonstrates that the findings on the U.S. covert war against Chile undermine the cultural/normative explanation of Democratic Peace. Key Words: U.S. Foreign Policy, U.S. -
The Religious Right, the Reagan Administration, and the Cold War A
For God and Country: The Religious Right, the Reagan Administration, and the Cold War A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jeremy R. Hatfield May 2013 © 2013 Jeremy R. Hatfield. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled For God and Country: The Religious Right, The Reagan Administration, and the Cold War by JEREMY R. HATFIELD has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Chester J. Pach, Jr. Associate Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT HATFIELD, JEREMY R., Ph.D., May 2013, History For God and Country: The Religious Right, the Reagan Administration, and the Cold War Director of Dissertation: Chester J. Pach, Jr. In the late 1970s, a number of prominent evangelical ministers decided to become actively involved in American politics. Dubbed the New Christian Right by some, the Religious Right or the Christian Right by others, these figures immediately became very vocal about the need to restore morality to American society and to insure that the United States retained its position as a preeminent military power in the world. This dissertation examines the Religious Right’s activism in matters of American foreign policy from the late 1970s through the end of the Cold War. It illuminates the underlying theological and political beliefs that characterized the Religious Right’s politics, and explains how the Religious Right became politicized. It also demonstrates that foreign affairs played a more prominent role in the activism of the Religious Right than many historians have realized. -
Apollo's Warriors
Apollo’sApollo’s WarriorsWarriors US Air Force Special Operations during the Cold War Michael E. Haas, Col, USAF, Retired Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 1997 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haas, Michael E., 1944- Apollo’s Warriors : US Air Force Special Operations during the Cold War / Michael E. Haas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. United States. Air Force–Commando Troops–History. 2. Special Forces (Military Science)–United States–History. 3. Cold War. I. Title. UG633.H32 1997 358.4–dc21 97-23931 CIP ISBN 1-58566-035-3 First Printing July 2000 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily repre- sent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 ii Apollo the archer, the lord who strikes from afar, sends lone warriors clothed in the mist, or comes on the wind as the night comes down, beguiles and strikes, unknown but knowing. —The Odyssey Contents DISCLAIMER . .ii FOREWORD . vii ABOUT THE AUTHOR . ix PREFACE . xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . xiii PRELUDE: BEFORE THE BEGINNING . 1 Special Operations in Europe . 3 The Air Commandos . 6 Korea THE RETURN TO WAR . 10 Notes . 13 THE SHADOW WAR . 14 The War: Center Stage . 16 The War behind the Curtain . 16 Aviary and Unit 4 in Action . 22 Notes . 29 SPECIAL AIR MISSIONS . 30 Notes . -
Agency Without an Adversary: the Cia and Covert Actions in the Nineteen-Eighties and Beyond
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-1995 Agency without an adversary: The Cia and covert actions in the nineteen-eighties and beyond Edward Alexander Gibbs University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Gibbs, Edward Alexander, "Agency without an adversary: The Cia and covert actions in the nineteen- eighties and beyond" (1995). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/0qwu-4pwu This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from themicrofilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. -
The United States and Vietnam: Overcoming the Past and Investing in the Future
COMMENTS THOMAS R. STAUCH* The United States and Vietnam: Overcoming the Past and Investing in the Future For many Americans, especially those old enough to remember it, the Vietnam War remains a source of deep emotional conflict even today, nearly twenty years after its end. Not only was Vietnam an extremely unpopular war, inciting fierce antiwar sentiment both at home and abroad, it was also a very costly war in terms of human life. From 1964 to 1973 the United States, the world's greatest military power, committed itself to a war that it could not win. Thousands of Americans lost their lives in the jungles of Vietnam, and thousands more returned home with physical and emotional scars that refused to heal. Vietnam remains a difficult subject for Americans for a number of reasons. For the first time, a war involving U.S. soldiers was brought home via television to nearly every American citizen on the nightly news.' In addition, Vietnam was the first exposure of American troops to an unconventional war and the ruthless methods of guerrilla Note: The American Bar Association grants permission to reproduce this article, or a part thereof, in any not-for-profit publication or handout provided such material acknowledges original publication in this issue of The InternationalLawyer and includes the title of the article and the name of the author. *J.D. Candidate, 1995, Southern Methodist University. Articles Editor, Southern Methodist Uni- versity School of Law Student Editorial Board, THE INTERNATIONAL LAWYER. 1. Hearts and Minds, NEWSWEEK, Apr. 15, 1985, at 64. George Jacobson, Special Assistant to the U.S.