DOCSLIB.ORG

Apollo's Warriors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Apollo's Warriors Apollo’sApollo’s WarriorsWarriors US Air Force Special Operations during the Cold War Michael E. Haas, Col, USAF, Retired Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 1997 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haas, Michael E., 1944- Apollo’s Warriors : US Air Force Special Operations during the Cold War / Michael E. Haas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. United States. Air Force–Commando Troops–History. 2. Special Forces (Military Science)–United States–History. 3. Cold War. I. Title. UG633.H32 1997 358.4–dc21 97-23931 CIP ISBN 1-58566-035-3 First Printing July 2000 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily repre- sent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 ii Apollo the archer, the lord who strikes from afar, sends lone warriors clothed in the mist, or comes on the wind as the night comes down, beguiles and strikes, unknown but knowing. —The Odyssey Contents DISCLAIMER . .ii FOREWORD . vii ABOUT THE AUTHOR . ix PREFACE . xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . xiii PRELUDE: BEFORE THE BEGINNING . 1 Special Operations in Europe . 3 The Air Commandos . 6 Korea THE RETURN TO WAR . 10 Notes . 13 THE SHADOW WAR . 14 The War: Center Stage . 16 The War behind the Curtain . 16 Aviary and Unit 4 in Action . 22 Notes . 29 SPECIAL AIR MISSIONS . 30 Notes . 39 FIREFLY, LEAFLET, AND PICKUP OPERATIONS . 40 Notes . 51 NICHOLS’S “ONE-MAN WAR” . 52 Notes . 65 SPECIAL OPERATIONS BY USAF “SAILORS” . 66 Notes . 75 USAF’S SECRET PSYWAR WEAPON . 76 Organizations and Missions . 79 Tales of the 581st . .82 Notes . 93 Covert War THE AIR RESUPPLY AND COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE . 94 A Chilling Fear . .96 An “Agency outside DOD” Makes a Request . 98 Going Too Fast . 100 Psywarriors from Georgetown University to Fort Benning . 104 The Air Resupply and Communications Service Balloon Program . 105 iv Operation Think . 107 Notes . 109 THE “COLD ARCS” AND THE IRON CURTAIN . 110 Blue Suits, Green Berets, Hidden Faces . 113 The SA-16s’ “Silent Success” . 119 From H&B to AMA . 122 The Last of the Breed . 124 Notes . 127 THE GUARD GETS THE NOD . 128 “BANDITS” ON THE ROOF OF THE WORLD . 136 Notes . 145 “THEY HAD NO AIR SUPPORT” . 146 Operation Pluto . 148 Aftermath . 159 Notes . 161 The Second Indochina War LAOS 1961: THE KEY DOMINO . 162 A Blue Major in the Black World . 167 No Faces, No Serial Numbers . 170 A Primer in “Cold War 101” . 172 Notes . 173 LAOS 1964: THE BRUISED DOMINO . 174 A Wilderness of Mirrors . 179 Teaching the “ABCs” of the Secret War . 180 Notes . 189 LAOS 1966: THE BLOODY DOMINO . 190 Snake Country . 193 Tigers and Eagles Go Snake Hunting . 195 The Nimrods . 198 Zorro! . 201 The Skyraiders . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GLAAD Media Institute Began to Track LGBTQ Characters Who Have a Disability
    Studio Responsibility IndexDeadline 2021 STUDIO RESPONSIBILITY INDEX 2021 From the desk of the President & CEO, Sarah Kate Ellis In 2013, GLAAD created the Studio Responsibility Index theatrical release windows and studios are testing different (SRI) to track lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and release models and patterns. queer (LGBTQ) inclusion in major studio films and to drive We know for sure the immense power of the theatrical acceptance and meaningful LGBTQ inclusion. To date, experience. Data proves that audiences crave the return we’ve seen and felt the great impact our TV research has to theaters for that communal experience after more than had and its continued impact, driving creators and industry a year of isolation. Nielsen reports that 63 percent of executives to do more and better. After several years of Americans say they are “very or somewhat” eager to go issuing this study, progress presented itself with the release to a movie theater as soon as possible within three months of outstanding movies like Love, Simon, Blockers, and of COVID restrictions being lifted. May polling from movie Rocketman hitting big screens in recent years, and we remain ticket company Fandango found that 96% of 4,000 users hopeful with the announcements of upcoming queer-inclusive surveyed plan to see “multiple movies” in theaters this movies originally set for theatrical distribution in 2020 and summer with 87% listing “going to the movies” as the top beyond. But no one could have predicted the impact of the slot in their summer plans. And, an April poll from Morning COVID-19 global pandemic, and the ways it would uniquely Consult/The Hollywood Reporter found that over 50 percent disrupt and halt the theatrical distribution business these past of respondents would likely purchase a film ticket within a sixteen months.
    [Show full text]
  • Multimodal Transport 28 Charting the History of Tents Are Informative and Not Regulatory Or Is a Joint Effort of Multiple Air Force One Directive
    THE MOBILITYTHE MAGAZINE OF AIR MOBILITY COMMAND | SUMMER 2017 FORUM Rota’s Multimodal Transport is a Joint Effort of Multiple Branches and Nations HURRICANES: Brig Gen Richoux Speaks from Experience Volume 26, No. 2 CONTENTS THE MOBILITY FORUM Summer 2017 AIR MOBILITY COMMAND Gen Carlton Everhart II 3 10 16 26 34 DIRECTOR OF SAFETY Col Michael R. Seiler FROM THE TOP 18 Unit Deployment Manager: Are [email protected] 3 Hurricanes: Brig Gen Richoux You Mission Ready? Speaks from Experience 34 Benchmark Cybersecurity 5 So Long, Fellow Airmen Assessment on C-5M EDITORS Kim Brumley RISK MANAGEMENT SEASONAL [email protected] 6 My Pride is All That Hurt CONSIDERATIONS Sherrie Schatz Having a Blast at Home 12 Aerial Port LOSAs Increase 22 Sheree Lewis Safety, Efficiency 30 Water: The Fickle (and [email protected] Deceptive) Element FLIGHT SAFETY Graphic Design Elizabeth Bailey 8 Aviation Ground Mishaps: MOTORCYCLE CULTURE A ‘Good Guy’ Club Four-Year Indicators 26 The Mobility Forum (TMF) is published four times a year by the Director of Safety, Air SAFETY CULTURE AMC HERITAGE Mobility Command, Scott AFB, IL. The con- 10 Rota's Multimodal Transport 28 Charting the History of tents are informative and not regulatory or is a Joint Effort of Multiple Air Force One directive. Viewpoints expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the Branches and Nations policy of AMC, USAF, or any DoD agency. 13 Critical Days of Summer 2017 Contributions: Please email articles and 14 7 Steps to Setting and REGULAR FEATURES photos to [email protected], fax to Reaching Your Safety Goal 20 Center Spread: (580) 628-2011, or mail to Schatz Publishing, 24 I Had Junk in My Trunk! The Rescue Reflex 11950 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Glossary
    AIR FORCE GLOSSARY Air Force Doctrine Document 1-2 11 January 2007 This document supplements the terminology in Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms ACCESSIBILITY: Publications are available on the e-Publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading. RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE DOCTRINE DOCUMENT 1-2 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 11 JANUARY 2007 NOTICE: This publication is available on the AFDPO WWW site at http://www.e-publishing.af.mil SUMMARY OF CHANGES Since the 8 June 2006 version the following publications have been revised or developed: AFDD 2 Operations and Organization, AFDD 2-2 Space Operations, AFDD 2-1.3 Counterland Operations, and AFDD 2-1.9 Targeting. NOTE: The Air Force Glossary is accessible on-line at https://www.doctrine.af.mil/Main.asp (fourth selection from bottom left). As terminology changes are published in doctrine they are added to the internet version, making the internet version of the Air Force Glossary more up-to- date. Supersedes: AFDD 1-2, 8 June 2006 OPR: HQ AFDC/DD Certified by: HQ AFDC/DD (Col Jon Wolfe) Pages: 77 Accessibility: Available on the e-publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading Releasability: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication Approved by: Allen G. Peck, Major General, USAF Commander, Air Force Doctrine Center FOREWORD Warfighters require a common lexicon of unique military terms essential to explaining, understanding, and writing doctrine. This common lexicon, reached by familiar definitions, is fundamental to conducting efficient and effective air, space, and cyberspace operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian War Memorial Poppy Display
    INFORMATION SUPERIORITY DELIVERING NEXT GENERATION INTEGRATED SYSTEMS TO AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FOR 25 YEARS Ocean Software is a 100% Australian owned Data Systems Integrator, with expertise in complex operations, aviation systems, and health knowledge management. We support 13 Militaries across 14 Countries through the development and delivery of high quality COTS software products. SOFTWARE REPORTING & E-HEALTH AVIATION IT SERVICES & ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS OPERATIONS PROJECT MNGMT LMS, LCMS & COMMAND & SYSTEM PROCESS CURRENCY & TRAINING SERVICES CONTROL INTEGRATION OPTIMISATION QUALIFICATIONS www.ocean.software RAAF Wings - MILCIS Edition Full Page Ad V1.indd 1 4/10/2017 1:48:55 PM INSIDE Master Volume 70 No 4 AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION PUBLICATION Editor Mark Eaton [email protected] PO Box 1269 Bondi Junction NSW 1355 17 President Carl Schiller OAM CSM Vice Presidents Governance Bob Bunney Advocacy & Entitlements Richard Kelloway OBE Communications & Media Lance Halvorson MBE 40 25 Secretary Peter Colliver [email protected] Treasurer Bob Robertson Publisher FEATURES REGULARS Flight Publishing Pty Ltd [email protected] DIVISION CONTACTS ACT [email protected] INFORMATION SUPERIORITY 0428 622 105 Formation of the Air 4 National Council 8 NSW [email protected] Academy DELIVERING NEXT GENERATION INTEGRATED 02 9393 3485 35 Air Force Today QLD [email protected] 12 Officer Aviation 0417 452 643 40 Defence Talk SYSTEMS TO AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FOR 25 YEARS SA [email protected] 08 8227 0980 14 Above the Same Sky Ocean Software is a 100% Australian owned Data Systems Integrator, with expertise in complex TAS [email protected] 45 Air Force Cadets operations, aviation systems, and health knowledge management.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps AFJROTC
    Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps AFJROTC Arlington Independent School District Developing citizens of character dedicated to serving their community and nation. 1 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 2 TX-031 AFJROTC WING Texas 31st Air Force Junior ROTC Wing was established in Arlington Independent School District in 1968 by an agreement between the Arlington Independent School District and the United States Air Force. The Senior Aerospace Science Instructor (SASI) is a retired Air Force officer. Aerospace Science Instructors (ASIs) are retired senior non-commissioned officers. These instructors have an extensive background in leadership, management, instruction and mentorship. The students who enroll in Air Force Junior ROTC are referred to as “Cadets”. The entire group of cadets is referred to as a Wing. The Cadet Wing is “owned”, managed and operated by students referred to as Cadet Officers and Cadet Non-commissioned Officers. Using this cadet organization structure, allows cadets to learn leadership skills through direct activities. The attached cadet handbook contains policy guidance, requirements and rules of conduct for AFJROTC cadets. Each cadet will study this handbook and be held responsible for knowing its contents. The handbook also describes cadet operations, cadet rank and chain of command, job descriptions, procedures for promotions, awards, grooming standards, and uniform wear. It supplements AFJROTC and Air Force directives. This guide establishes the standards that ensure the entire Cadet Wing works together towards a common goal of proficiency that will lead to pride in achievement for our unit. Your knowledge of Aerospace Science, development as a leader, and contributions to your High School and community depends upon the spirit in which you abide by the provisions of this handbook.
    [Show full text]
  • 688Th Cyberspace Wing
    A Brief History of the 688th Cyberspace Wing 688th Cyberspace Wing History Office 102 Hall Boulevard, Suite 347 Joint Base San Antonio–Lackland, Texas 78243-7078 13 January 2016 DELIVERING ASYMMETRIC ADVANTAGE HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Air Force Special focused on five key areas. First, AFSCC produced and disseminated long-term Communications Center intelligence data for USAFSS and the Air Force. Second, AFSCC oversaw the The 688th Cyberspace USAFSS School for intelligence specialists. Wing’s (688 CW) Third, AFSCC provided technical guidance earliest functional and operational assistance to USAFSS units predecessor was the in the field. Fourth, AFSCC assisted the 6901st Special USAFSS Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications Center Operations with developing and testing (6901 SCC). On 1 July 1953, the operational procedures and techniques in Department of the Air Force designated and support of both the USAFSS mission and organized the 6901 SCC at Brooks Air Air Force intelligence efforts. Fifth, AFSCC Force Base (AFB), San Antonio, Texas as a directed and monitored operation of the temporary provisional unit assigned to the Special Security Office system. United States Air Force Security Service The existence of AFSCC proved to (USAFSS). The new center assumed be an extremely contentious issue within the responsibility for the operational functions American intelligence community during the previously performed by the USAFSS 1950s. Both the Armed Forces Security Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations. One Agency and its successor the National month later on 1 August, the 6901 SCC Security Agency (NSA) wanted to centralize moved from Brooks AFB to nearby Kelly communications intelligence and AFB, San Antonio.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
    UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CTBL Alphabetic Descriptive Video List
    CTBL Alphabetic Descriptive Video List Number Movie Title Rating Cartoon VO 14 101 Dalmatians G No VO 245 40 Year Old Virgin R No VO 31 A Beautiful Mind PG-13 No VO 203 A Christmas Carol PG No VO 285 Abilene Town G No VO 33 Addams Family PG-13 No VO 32 Aladdin G Yes VO 4 Alice in Wonder Land G Yes VO 89 Alien R No VO 204 Amelia Earhart: The Price of Courage G No VO 262 America Quilts Creatively G No VO 272 America Sews with Sue Hausmann: G No Episode #2201 VO 273 America Sews with Sue Hausmann: G No Episode #2202 VO 274 America Sews with Sue Hausmann: G No Episode #2203 VO 275 America Sews with Sue Hausmann: G No Episode #2204 VO 288 American Empire R No VO 121 Amistad R No VO 15 Anne of Avonlea G No VO 27 Anne of Green Gables G No VO 159 Anne of Green Gables the Continuing Story NR No VO 83 Apollo 13 PG No VO 232 Autism is a World (DVD) G No VO 113 Babe G No VO 78 Bambi G Yes VO 87 Basic Instinct R No VO 248 Batman Begins PG-13 No VO 7 Beaches PG No VO 1 Beauty and the Beast G Yes VO 311 Becket R No VO 6 Beethoven PG No J:\Videos\Video_list_Alpha.doc 9/11/08 VO 160 Bells of St. Mary’s NR No VO 20 Beverly Hills Cop R No VO 79 Big PG No VO 163 Big Bear NR No VO 289 Blackbeard, The Pirate R No VO 118 Blue Hawaii NR No VO 290 Border Cop R No VO 63 Breakfast at Tiffany's NR No VO 180 Bridget Jones’ Diary R No VO 183 Broadcast News R No VO 254 Brokeback Mountain R No VO 199 Bruce Almighty Pg-13 No VO 77 Butch Cassidy and the Sun Dance Kid PG No VO 158 Bye Bye Blues PG No VO 164 Call of the Wild PG No VO 291 Captain Kidd R No VO 94 Casablanca
    [Show full text]
  • Trend Analysis the Israeli Unit 8200 an OSINT-Based Study CSS
    CSS CYBER DEFENSE PROJECT Trend Analysis The Israeli Unit 8200 An OSINT-based study Zürich, December 2019 Risk and Resilience Team Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich Trend analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study Author: Sean Cordey © 2019 Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich Contact: Center for Security Studies Haldeneggsteig 4 ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Tel.: +41-44-632 40 25 [email protected] www.css.ethz.ch Analysis prepared by: Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich ETH-CSS project management: Tim Prior, Head of the Risk and Resilience Research Group, Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Deputy Head for Research and Teaching; Andreas Wenger, Director of the CSS Disclaimer: The opinions presented in this study exclusively reflect the authors’ views. Please cite as: Cordey, S. (2019). Trend Analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study. Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich. 1 Trend analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study . Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Historical Background 5 2.1 Pre-independence intelligence units 5 2.2 Post-independence unit: former capabilities, missions, mandate and techniques 5 2.3 The Yom Kippur War and its consequences 6 3 Operational Background 8 3.1 Unit mandate, activities and capabilities 8 3.2 Attributed and alleged operations 8 3.3 International efforts and cooperation 9 4 Organizational and Cultural Background 10 4.1 Organizational structure 10 Structure and sub-units 10 Infrastructure 11 4.2 Selection and training process 12 Attractiveness and motivation 12 Screening process 12 Selection process 13 Training process 13 Service, reserve and alumni 14 4.3 Internal culture 14 5 Discussion and Analysis 16 5.1 Strengths 16 5.2 Weaknesses 17 6 Conclusion and Recommendations 18 7 Glossary 20 8 Abbreviations 20 9 Bibliography 21 2 Trend analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study selection tests comprise a psychometric test, rigorous Executive Summary interviews, and an education/skills test.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplying the AOR Commentary February Is Black History Month by Master Sgt
    www.379aew.afcent.af.mil Diligentia et Accuratio DESERT EAGLE Volume 10, Issue 6 Feb. 7, 2010 TMO: Supplying the AOR Commentary February is Black History Month By Master Sgt. Grayland Hilt Volume 10, Issue 3 379th Air Expeditionary Wing Equal The attention to Opportunity Editorial Staff “ different heritage Dr. Carter G. Woodson, a noted observances should Commander African-American author and scholar, Brig. Gen. Stephen Wilson originally established Negro History not be used to separate Week in 1926. Chief, Public Affairs various racial groups, Capt. Patrick Cordova In February 1976, this event evolved into a month-long celebration now but rather to unite all Superintendent, Public Affairs known as “Black History Month.” people Senior Master Sgt. David Byron This commemoration has increasingly ” been referred to as “African-American NCO in-charge, News History Month,” although both names Staff Sgt. Kelly White not just Black Americans. are currently in use. In fact, when The purpose of Black History Month referring to this race of people, both Editor is to pay homage to the contributions Black American and African-American Senior Airman Spencer Gallien of African-Americans, many of which are commonly used. Multimedia When Dr. Woodson founded Negro have been obscured or inadequately Tech. Sgt. Michelle Larche History Week in 1926, the words African- represented in textbooks, media and Staff Sgt. Erik Burger American and Black were seldom used. It other communications. Staff Sgt. Fernando Burgos-Ortiz Dr. Woodson’s intent was to advance Senior Airman Kasey Zickmund was Dr. Woodson’s hope that through this special observance, all Americans would the whole of humanity by teaching a true Printed by QF&M, LLC, a private firm be reminded of their ethnic roots and that rendition of history.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2017 Issue-All
    SPRING 2017 - Volume 64, Number 1 WWW.AFHISTORY.ORG know the past .....Shape the Future The Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS and other air power pioneers, the Air Force Historical All members receive our exciting and informative Foundation (AFHF) is a nonprofi t tax exempt organization. Air Power History Journal, either electronically or It is dedicated to the preservation, perpetuation and on paper, covering: all aspects of aerospace history appropriate publication of the history and traditions of American aviation, with emphasis on the U.S. Air Force, its • Chronicles the great campaigns and predecessor organizations, and the men and women whose the great leaders lives and dreams were devoted to fl ight. The Foundation • Eyewitness accounts and historical articles serves all components of the United States Air Force— Active, Reserve and Air National Guard. • In depth resources to museums and activities, to keep members connected to the latest and AFHF strives to make available to the public and greatest events. today’s government planners and decision makers information that is relevant and informative about Preserve the legacy, stay connected: all aspects of air and space power. By doing so, the • Membership helps preserve the legacy of current Foundation hopes to assure the nation profi ts from past and future US air force personnel. experiences as it helps keep the U.S. Air Force the most modern and effective military force in the world. • Provides reliable and accurate accounts of historical events. The Foundation’s four primary activities include a quarterly journal Air Power History, a book program, a • Establish connections between generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimated Costs for a Specific Presidential Trip to Illinois and Florida
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Honorable John Barrasso, U.S. Senate October 2016 PRESIDENTIAL TRAVEL Estimated Costs for a Specific Presidential Trip to Illinois and Florida Accessible Version GAO-17-24 October 2016 PRESIDENTIAL TRAVEL Estimated Costs for a Specific Presidential Trip to Illinois and Florida Highlights of GAO-17-24, a report to the Honorable John Barrasso, U.S. Senate Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found According to White House officials, to GAO estimated that the major costs incurred by the Department of Defense be able to communicate instantly with (DOD) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for the President’s the U.S. military, the President flies on travel to Chicago, Illinois, and Palm Beach, Florida, from February 15, 2013, military aircraft whenever he travels— through February 18, 2013, were about $3.6 million, of which about $2.8 million whether for official, political, or other in costs were incurred by DOD and $0.77 million by DHS (specifically, the U.S. non-official reasons. On February 15, Coast Guard and U.S. Secret Service). These costs consisted of the (1) 2013, the President flew from Joint operating expenses of the President’s aircraft, supporting aircraft, and U.S. Base Andrews in Maryland to Chicago, Coast Guard small boats; and (2) travel expenses, which include per diem Illinois to deliver remarks on economic (lodging and meals), commercial airfare, and rental cars for DOD and DHS proposals that he introduced in his State of the Union address on personnel supporting the trip. They exclude certain classified DOD costs, and the February 12, 2013, later flew to Palm salaries and benefits of U.S.
    [Show full text]